DOCSLIB.ORG

Tide Pool Field Trip

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tide Pool Field Trip ROCKY INTERTIDAL FIELD TRIP - CRYSTAL COVE STATE PARK INVERTEBRATE LIST: ANEMONES COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE DESCRIPTION Aggregating Anemone Anthopleura elegantissma Mid/Low Many small anemones clustered together; pale green tentacles Giant Green Anemone Anthopleura Low Solitary and xanthogrammica large; emerald green WORMS COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE DESCRIPTION Sand-Castle Worm Phragmatopoma Low Tubes made of californica sand; tubes form honeycomb shape; lavender tentacles CHITONS COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE DESCRIPTION Spiny Chiton Nuttallina sp. Mid Black/dark brown w/ white stripes; girdle has bristles Hartweg’s Chiton Lepidochitona Mid Olive green with hartwegii (under brown stripes; algae) girdle is banded and smooth SNAILS: COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE DESCRIPTION Eroded periwinkle Littorina keenae High Shell: small, smooth, conical, brownish to nearly black Black Turban Snail Tegula funebralis Mid/Low Shell: mostly black w/ etched band on middle whorl Speckled Turban Snail Tegula gallina Mid/Low Shell: dark w/ checkered pattern Guilded Turban Snail Tegula aureontincta Mid/Low Shell: larger w/ orange umbilicus (hole) Beaded Turban Snail Tegula eiseni Mid/Low Shell: smaller w/ white umbilicus (hole) Norris’ Top Snail Norrisia norrisi Low Shell: smooth, orange w/ green umbilicus (hole); bright red foot NUDIBRANCHS COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE DESCRIPTION California Sea Hare Aplysia californica Low No shell, red/purple color, in tide pools or within red algae Hopkin’s Rose Hopkinsia rosacea Low No shell, deep rosy pink w/ finger-like projections covering body Spanish Shawl Flabellina iodinea Low No shell, body is deep purple with orange finger-like projections on back LIMPETS COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE DESCRIPTION Rough Limpet Lottia scabra High/Mid Shell: low apex (point), heavily ribbed with scalloped margin; dark dots on side of foot Shield Limpet Lottia pelta Mid/Low Shell: tall apex, smooth; white foot Owl Limpet Lottia gigantea Mid Shell: largest of the limpets, low apex near front; light orange foot File Limpet Lottia limatula Mid/Low Shell: low apex, fine, radial ribs; fine parallel dark lines on side of foot Fingered Limpet Lottia digitalis Upper Shell: apex at front, strong, radiating ribs, chevron patterns Volcano Limpet Fissurella volcano Mid/Low Shell: small in size, hole in apex, red stripes Giant Keyhole Limpet Megathura crenulata Low Shell: large in size, hole in apex, large, black foot MUSSELS COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE DESCRIPTION California Mussel Mytilus californianus Mid Blue/black streaked with brown; ridges BARNACLES: COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE DESCRIPTION Little Brown Barnacle Chthamalus dalli High Smooth round (small acorn barnacles) margin. Smooth Chthamalus fissus brownish plates Irregular margin. White plates. Rough Large Acorn Barnacle Balanus glandula High/Mid Larger in size than Chthamalus Brick red and volcano shaped; ridged Red Thatched Barnacle Tetraclita rubescens Low or thatched in appearance Gooseneck Barnacle Pollicipes polymerus Mid/Low Stalked with white plates CRABS COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE DESCRIPTION Blueband Hermit Crab Pagurus samuelis Mid (in Bright blue bands tidepools) circle walking legs. Red antennae Hairy Hermit Crab Pagurus hirsutiuculus Mid (in White bands on walking legs; brown tidepools) antennae with bands Striped Shore Crab: Pachygrapsus crassipes High/Mid Reddish purple with green and black stripes across front SEASTARS & SEA URCHINS COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE DESCRIPTION Ochre Seastar Pisaster ochraceus Low Can be purple, orange, or brownish red; 5 arms Purple Sea Urchin Strongylocentrotus Low Purple with short purpuratus spines ALGAE LIST: GREEN ALGAE COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE Sea Lettuce Ulva. sp. Mid Sea Staghorn (Dead Codium fragile Low Man’s Fingers) BROWN ALGAE COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE Sea Cauliflower Leathesia difformis Mid Banded Tidepool Zonaria farlowii Low Fan Feather Boa Kelp Egregia menziesii Low Double Eisenia arborea Low Pompom Kelp (Southern Sea Palm) Spindle-Shaped Pelvetia fastigiata (old name); Mid Rockweed Silvetia compressa (current name) Sargassum Sargassum muticum Low RED ALGAE COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE Encrusting Coralline Lithothamnion sp. Mid/Low Algae Stone Hair Lithothrix aspergillum MidLow Tidepool Coralline Corallina chilensis Mid/Low Algae Nail Brush Endocladia muricata High Seaweed FLOWERING PLANTS LIST: COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME ZONE Surf-Grass Phyllospadix sp. Low .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES an Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals
    OREGON ESTUARINE INVERTEBRATES An Illustrated Guide to the Common and Important Invertebrate Animals By Paul Rudy, Jr. Lynn Hay Rudy Oregon Institute of Marine Biology University of Oregon Charleston, Oregon 97420 Contract No. 79-111 Project Officer Jay F. Watson U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 500 N.E. Multnomah Street Portland, Oregon 97232 Performed for National Coastal Ecosystems Team Office of Biological Services Fish and Wildlife Service U.S. Department of Interior Washington, D.C. 20240 Table of Contents Introduction CNIDARIA Hydrozoa Aequorea aequorea ................................................................ 6 Obelia longissima .................................................................. 8 Polyorchis penicillatus 10 Tubularia crocea ................................................................. 12 Anthozoa Anthopleura artemisia ................................. 14 Anthopleura elegantissima .................................................. 16 Haliplanella luciae .................................................................. 18 Nematostella vectensis ......................................................... 20 Metridium senile .................................................................... 22 NEMERTEA Amphiporus imparispinosus ................................................ 24 Carinoma mutabilis ................................................................ 26 Cerebratulus californiensis .................................................. 28 Lineus ruber .........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Antiviral Immune Responses in Abalone and Influence of Potential Abiotic and Biotic Factors
    Antiviral immune responses in abalone and influence of potential abiotic and biotic factors A thesis submitted to the Flinders University By Vinh Dang In candidature for the degree Doctor of Philosophy School of Biological Sciences Flinders University August 2012 1 Contents Contents Contents ........................................................................................................................ 2 List of tables ................................................................................................................. 6 List of figures ............................................................................................................... 7 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................... 8 Declaration ................................................................................................................... 9 Authority of access ..................................................................................................... 10 Abstract ...................................................................................................................... 11 Acknowledgement ...................................................................................................... 14 Thesis Structure .......................................................................................................... 15 CHAPTER 1: General introduction ........................................................................... 17 1.1. Major
    [Show full text]
  • Rocky Intertidal Community Monitoring at Channel Islands National Park 2005 Annual Report
    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Rocky Intertidal Community Monitoring at Channel Islands National Park 2005 Annual Report Natural Resource Data Series NPS/CHIS/NRDS—2012/370 ON THE COVER A dense carpet of Chondracanthus canaliculatus with Phragmatopoma californica colonies dominate the lower intertidal zone, replacing Mytilus californianus that were eaten by Pisaster ochraceus at Johnson’s Lee, Santa Rosa Island Photograph by: Paula Rich Rocky Intertidal Community Monitoring at Channel Islands National Park 2005 Annual Report Natural Resource Data Series NPS/CHIS/NRDS—2012/370 Daniel V. Richards Paula J. Rich Stephen G. Whitaker National Park Service Channel Islands National Park 1901 Spinnaker Drive Ventura, CA 93001 September 2012 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Data Series is intended for timely release of basic data sets and data summaries. Care has been taken to assure accuracy of raw data values, but a thorough analysis and interpretation of the data has not been completed. Consequently, the initial analyses of data in this report are provisional and subject to change. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience and designed and published in a professional manner.
    [Show full text]
  • Pdf 439.15 K
    Egyptian Journal of Aquatic Biology & Fisheries Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. ISSN 1110 – 6131 Vol. 25(3): 23 – 38 (2021) www.ejabf.journals.ekb.eg Marine, freshwater, and terrestrial snails as models in the biomedical applications Amina M. Ibrahim 1, Ahmed A. Hamed 2 , Mosad A. Ghareeb 3* 1Environmental Research and Medical Malacology Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt 2Microbial Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Egypt 3Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, 12411, Egypt *Corresponding Author: [email protected] ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: A snail is a member of the molluscan gastropods that has a cosmopolitan Received: March 15, 2021 distribution, inhabiting marine, freshwater and terrestrial habitats. The present Accepted: April 27, 2021 review highlights the importance of the snails as they have medical and Online: May 25, 2021 veterinary applications, besides being considered as excellent indicators of _______________ ecosystem health like Biomphalaria sp., and Lymnaea stagnalis freshwater snails. Also, snails have been proved to be excellent models in neurophysiology, Keywords: especially on learning and memory formation like Aplysia californica marine Snails, snail and Lymnaea stagnalis freshwater snails. Marine snails produce Molluscan gastropods, antimicrobial secondary metabolites that exhibit anticancer, antibiotic, antiviral, Marine snails, neurotoxic, or anti-inflammatory properties. These materials can be obtained Freshwater snails, from the extracts of Babylonia spirata, Buccinulum corneum, Buccinum Terrestrial snails, undatum, Littorina littorea “called littorerin”, Haliotis laevigata or H. rubra, Secondary metabolites Murex pectin, Tegula gallina, conotoxins released from Conus magus, and hemocyanins of Rapana venosa snails. Freshwater snails have many bioactive compounds that have antimicrobial activity.
    [Show full text]
  • Local Species from Dr. Patti Halpin
    Limpets Lottia austrodigitalis/ Lottia pelta* cone shape, fairly digitalis* Lottia scabra/conus* symmetrical, weakly ridged, Lottia limatula* brownish, radial small, apex far forward, sometimes checkered at edge and vertical ribs make 'file' strongly ribbed with scalloped ridged shell edges, small pattern, apex 1/3 from anterior Lottia gigantea* large, apex far forward, often with epibiota in Lottia scutum 'sheild limpet', Acmea mitra mitre cap limpet, very lower tide areas peaked, often with crustose coralline flat, smooth, round Diodora aspera keyhole limpet, round opening in Fissurella volcano* keyhole Megathura crenulata* very large front of apex limpet, rectangular hole, brown keyhole limpet, tan shell, black to red, can be striped mantle Barnacles, Crabs Megabalanus californicus big, low intertidal, pink, pyramid shaped ribs on Chthamalus spp* small, gray, Tetraclita rubescens* Balanus glandula* white, rosy, ribbed plates plate simple 'beak' forming cross, complex 'beak', smooth plates smooth plates Pachygrapsus crassipes* Pollicipes polymerus* gooseneck barnacle Pagurus samuelis* blue bands at Pagurus granosimanus brown end of legs, blue pincer tips, red Pagurus hirsutiusculus* white bands unbanded legs, red antennae antennae on legs, spotted antennae Sea Hares, Snails, Whelks Littorina keenae* small, Littorina plena/scutulata* small, high high intertidal, rounder Aplysia vaccaria* larger, dark intertidal, pointier than keenae, may than scutulata, white band Aplysia californica* common, brown brown color, sometimes with have checker
    [Show full text]
  • “Verde”, Veracruz, México
    NOVITATES CARIBAEA 14: 147-156, 2019 147 LISTA ACTUALIZADA DE LAS ESPECIES Y NUEVOS REGISTROS DE GASTERÓPODOS EN EL ARRECIFE “VERDE”, VERACRUZ, MÉXICO Updated checklist and new records of gastropods in the reef “Verde”, Veracruz, Mexico Ricardo Ernesto Olmos-García*1a, Felipe de Jesús Cruz-López1b y Ángeles Jaqueline Ramírez-Villalobos1c 1Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM, Av. de los Barrios #1, Col. Los Reyes Ixtacala, Tlalnepantla, Estado de México, C. P. 54090. México. *Para correspondencia: [email protected]. 1a orcid.org/0000-0002-2470-9386; 1b orcid.org/0000-0001-8711-1114; 1c orcid.org/0000-0002-2277-183X. RESUMEN En el presente estudio se elaboró el listado taxonómico actualizado de los gasterópodos de la planicie del arrecife “Verde”, en el Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano (PNSAV), Veracruz. Se realizaron siete salidas al área de estudio (junio de 2017 a septiembre de 2018), en las cuales se hicieron muestreos aleatorios, cubriendo un área de 275 m2. Se registró un total de 66 especies, reunidas en 50 géneros y 31 familias. Un total de 13 especies, nueve géneros y dos familias representan nuevos registros para el área de estudio. Con estos nuevos registros, la riqueza específica para el arrecife “Verde” queda conformada por 109 especies, agrupadas en 71 géneros y 40 familias de gasterópodos. Palabras clave: Parque Nacional Sistema Arrecifal Veracruzano, moluscos, Gastropoda, taxonomía. ABSTRACT This study presents the updated checklist of gastropods from the flat “Verde” reef, Veracruz. Seven field trips were made to the study area (june 2017 to september 2018), in which random samplings were performed, covering an area of 275 m2.
    [Show full text]
  • By L. R. Fisher, S. K. Kon and S. Y. Thompson National Institute for Research in Dairying, University of Reading
    J. Mar. biol.Ass. U.K. (1956) 35,41-61 N./.R.D. Paper No. 17°9 41 Printed in Great Britain VITAMIN A AND CAROTENOIDS IN CERTAIN INVERTEBRATES IV. MOLLUSCA: LORICA T A, LAMELLIBRANCHIA T A, AND GASTROPODA By L. R. Fisher, S. K. Kon and S. Y. Thompson National Institute for Research in Dairying, University of Reading INTRODUCTION Apart from a general account (Kon, 1954) of our work on vitamin A and carotenoids in invertebrates, our publications so far (Kon & Thompson, 1949a, b; Batham, Fisher, Henry, Kon & Thompson, 1951; Fisher, Kon & Thompson, 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955) have been concerned only with marine Crustacea. We have also studied, during our investigation of the metabolism of vitamin A and its possible precursors in the sea, numerous species from most other phyla of marine invertebrates. Except for the nematode worm, Anisakis physeteris Baylis, taken from the stomach of a sperm whale, the only two phyla of invertebrate animals in which we have so far found vitamin A are the Arthropoda and the Mollusca, The vitamin was present in at least some species from each of the molluscan classes, Loricata, Gastropoda, Lamellibranchiata and Cephalopoda, but we have no informa- tion yet about the Solenogastres or the Scaphopoda of which we have analysed no representatives. So far as our studies were concerned, the cephalopods differed considerably from the other molluscs examined, and the relatively large amount of information they have provided will be more conveniently presented in a subsequent paper. The account which follows, therefore, deals only with species from the first three classes just listed.
    [Show full text]
  • Gayana 73(1): 17-27, 2009 ISSN 0717-652X
    Gayana 73(1): 17-27, 2009 ISSN 0717-652X MOLECULAR ANALYSIS IN CHILEAN COMMERCIAL GASTROPODS BASED ON 16S rRNA, COI AND ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 SEQUENCES ANALISIS MOLECULAR EN GASTROPODOS CHILENOS COMERCIALES BASADOS EN LAS SECUENCIAS 16S rRNA,. COI Y ITS1-5.8S rDNA-ITS2 Felipe Aguilera-Muñoz, Fabiola Lafarga-Cruz & Cristian Gallardo-Escárate* Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuícola, Departamento de Oceanografía, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanográficas, Centro de Biotecnología, Universidad de Concepción. Barrio Universitario s/n. Casilla 160-C Concepción, Chile. email: [email protected] ABSTRACT Gastropod mollusks are part of the principal marine resources cultivated and commercialized in Chile. There are native Chilean species such as loco (Concholepas concholepas), locate (Thais chocolata), trumulco snail (Chorus giganteus), keyhole limpets (Fissurella spp.), tegula snail (Tegula atra) as well as exotic species such as red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) and Japanese abalone (Haliotis discus hannai). Despite their importance as marine resources, molecular genetic studies establishing phylogenetic relationships and estimating population genetic parameters are scarce. The aim of this study is to establish a molecular approach among the main commercial gastropod species in Chile. The mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA and COI, and the nuclear ribosomal region ITS1-5.8SrDNA-ITS2 were amplified by PCR and sequencing. Alignment analysis was used to determine systematic relationships at the specific level for the species studied. The results revealed that 7 species are grouped in 4 genetically distinct families (Haliotidae, Trochidae, Muricidae and Fissurellidae). In comparison with COI sequencing, 16S rRNA and ITS1-5.8SrDNA-ITS2 sequencing were relatively more conserved with a divergence percentage for 16S rDNA and ITS1-5.8SrDNA-ITS2 of 1.2% and 1.8%, respectively, contrasting with the value of 10% obtained for COI in abalone.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly Index
    Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly Volume 40, Numbers 3 & 4 Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly Index Volumes 1 - 40 (1965 - 2008) Compiled by Daniel F. McCarthy Guest Editor Daniel F. McCarthy Production Editor Rene Brace Publications Committee Bob Brace, Gail Cochlin, Scott Findlay, Megan Galway, Sherri Gust, Sandy Kennedy, Henry Koerper, Mark Roeder, and Kathleen Shada Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly The Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly is a publication of the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society (PCAS). PCAS was founded in 1961 by a group of avocational archaeologists dedicated to the study and preser- vation of the anthropological and archaeological history of the original inhabitants of Orange County, California, and adjacent areas. The PCAS Publications Committee invites the submittal of original contributions dealing with the history and prehistory of the area. Although PCAS is especially interested in reports which shed further light on the early inhabitants of Orange County, it is always interested in reports on the wider Pacific Coast region. Information about subscriptions to the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly and the PCAS Newslet- ter is available online at www.pcas.org. Back issues of the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly are available. Three Occasional Papers, on Catalina Island, Mexican Majolica, and the Peralta Adobe, have also been published by PCAS. To place an order, receive information about the Pacific Coast Archaeological Society, or submit an article for publication, email [email protected] or write: Pacific Coast Archaeological Society, P.O. Box 10926, Costa Mesa, California, 92627. Additional information is available at www.pcas.org. PCAS is not responsible for delivery of publications to subscribers who have not furnished a timely change of address.
    [Show full text]
  • Southern California Tidepool Organisms
    Southern California Tidepool Organisms Bryozoans – colonial moss animals Cnidarians – stinging invertebrates Derby Hat Bryozoan Red Bryozoan Aggregating Anemone Giant Green Anemone Sunburst Anemone Eurystomella spp. Watersipora spp. Anthopleura elegantissima Anthopleura xanthogrammica Anthopleura sola closed closed closed open 2 in (5 cm) open 6.7 in (17 cm) open 6.5 in (12cm) Echinoderms – spiny-skinned invertebrates Sea Stars note signs of wasting Bat Star Brittle Star Ochre Star Giant Pink Sea Star Six Armed Sea Star Sunflower Star Patiria miniata (various genuses) Pisaster ochraceus Pisaster brevispinus Leptasterias spp. Pycnopodia helianthoides Purple or Red webbed arms 10 in 11 in 31.5 in Various sizes 4.7 in (12 cm) Long, thin arms (25 cm) (28 cm) 6 arms, 2.4 in(6 cm) (80 cm) Sand Dollar Sea Cucumbers Urchins note signs of balding Eccentric Sand Dollar California Sea Cucumber Warty Sea Cucumber Purple Urchins Red Urchins Dendraster excentricus Parastichopus californicus Parastichopus parvimensis Strongylocentrotus Strongylocentrotus purpuratus franciscanus has small 4 in 7in black tipped warts (10 cm) (17 cm) 4 in (10 cm) 16 in (40 cm) 10 in (25 cm) long (projections) Mollusks – soft invertebrates with a shell or remnant shell Snails (single, spiraled shelled invertebrate) Turban Snail Periwinkle Snail Kellet’s Whelk Snail Dog Whelk Snail Unicorn Whelk Snail Scaly Tube Snail Tegula spp. Littorina spp. Kelletia kelletii (Dogwinkles) Acanthinucella spp. Serpulorbis squamigerus Nucella spp. Top view 6 ½ in 2 in 1.6 in (16.5 cm) (5 cm) 1 in (2.5 cm) ½ in (1.5 cm) (4cm) 5 in (13 cm) Bi-Valves (2 shelled invertebrates) Abalone California Mussel Blue Mussel Olympia Oyster Pacific Oyster Rock Scallop Haliotis spp.
    [Show full text]
  • Shells and Sea Life Formerly the Opisthobranch
    < 1 W Z NOIinillSNI_NVINOSHllWS S3 I a VH 8 I1_LI B RAR I ES SMITHSONIANJNSTITI I B RAR I ES SMITHSONIAN |NSTITUTION louniusNi nvinoshiiws S3iavaan fBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHIIWS S3IHV !~ r- .... z z ^— to — w ± — co IBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHIIWS S3iaVHaH LI B RAR I ES SMITHSONIAN INSTH ' co „, co z . £2 .»'• £2 z z "S < .v Z W 2 W W 1011 llSN| NVIN0SHHIAIS S3iavyan LIBRARIES SMITHS0NIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVIN0SH1IWS S3 W <" co = co 5 = „.„.. to s iC= §C mVS.^. .WC7m <>^#rv yvO/'.-Zty.. wf»V^tTj . wVfl O? roiVOW. .^^/ l<- I LI I I B RAR I ES~"SMITHS0NIAN~INSTITUTI0N~N0linillSNI~NVIN0SHllWS~S3 H VH 8 IT B RAR ES^SMITHSONIANJNSTIl W IOIinillSNI~NVINOSHllWS S3iavyan~ L, BRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHIIWS S3ld^ co z to . z > <2 ^ ^ z « z w W "NOIinillSNI NVIN0SH1IWS"S3 I I I HVH 3 ES SMITHSONIAN~INSTIT I B RAR ES"'SMITHS0NIAN""|NSTITUTI0N H~LI B RAR m — in ^5 V CO = CO = 2 J J0linillSNrNVIN0SHllWS S3IMVaan" LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHIIWS S3IM' i- z i- z r- z i- .^.. z CD X' > I I SMITHSONIAN .1 B RAR I ES^SMITHSONIAN'lNSTITUTION^ NOIinillSNrNVINOSHllWS S3 HVH a H~LI B RAR ES Z CO z -,. w z .^ o z W W I INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI_NVINOSHllWS S3 M0linillSNI_NVIN0SHllWS S3 I HVd a \\_ LI B RAR ES SMITHSONIAN_ LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVINOSHIIWS S3iyvyail LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INST I" z r- z i->z r- Z _ \ > (if ~LI B I ES NVINOSHIIWS S3IM' NOIinillSNI ^NVINOSHIIWS S3 I H Vd a IT RAR SMITHSONIAN~INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI en TO > ' co w S ^— to \ i= ± CO 1SNI NVIN0SH1IWS S3ldVdaiT LIBRARIES SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION NOIinillSNI NVIN0SH1IWS S3ldVdai1.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multitude of Conserved Introns in Highly Diverse Gastropods
    Schäfer et al. BMC Ecol Evo (2021) 21:36 BMC Ecology and Evolution https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-021-01763-3 RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access The evolution of hemocyanin genes in Tectipleura: a multitude of conserved introns in highly diverse gastropods Gabriela Giannina Schäfer1* , Veronika Pedrini‑Martha2, Daniel John Jackson3, Reinhard Dallinger2 and Bernhard Lieb1 Abstract Background: Hemocyanin is the oxygen transporter of most molluscs. Since the oxygen afnity of hemocyanin is strongly temperature‑dependent, this essential protein needs to be well‑adapted to the environment. In Tectipleura, a very diverse group of gastropods with > 27,000 species living in all kinds of habitats, several hemocyanin genes have already been analyzed. Multiple independent duplications of this gene have been identifed and may represent potential adaptations to diferent environments and lifestyles. The aim of this study is to further explore the evolution of these genes by analyzing their exon–intron architectures. Results: We have reconstructed the gene architectures of ten hemocyanin genes from four Tectipleura species: Aply- sia californica, Lymnaea stagnalis, Cornu aspersum and Helix pomatia. Their hemocyanin genes each contain 53 introns, signifcantly more than in the hemocyanin genes of Cephalopoda (9–11), Vetigastropoda (15) and Caenogastropoda (28–33). The gene structures of Tectipleura hemocyanins are identical in terms of intron number and location, with the exception of one out of two hemocyanin genes of L. stagnalis that comprises one additional intron. We found that gene structures that difer between molluscan lineages most probably evolved more recently through independent intron gains. Conclusions: The strict conservation of the large number of introns in Tectipleura hemocyanin genes over 200 mil‑ lion years suggests the infuence of a selective pressure on this gene structure.
    [Show full text]