Eden Drought Status Quo Disaster Management Perspective

EDEN DROUGHT STATUS QUO A DISASTER MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE 8 MARCH 2018 BACKGROUND

• The Garden Route is prone to natural disasters (floods, fires, drought) this is exacerbated by the imminent threat of climate change that is expected to raise temperatures and reduce rainfall; • The main factors that exacerbate the effects of the disasters include both environmental as well as man-made challenges; • To protect the environment and to respond to potential disasters, some mitigation measures are already in place at local municipal level and on district level a draft Eden Climate Change Adaptation Plan has been compiled and a dedicated Disaster Management Centre, based in George, has been established; • However, a broader approach is required to accelerate the movement to become “the greenest district in Africa” as well as to ensure water security at all local towns in the district; • Water security is a substantial challenge:  Many towns in the district only have limited bulk water storage capacity;  Alien invasive trees consume up to 5 billion liters of water annually across Eden, and  Due to damaged wetlands the natural ability of this “natural barrier” to regulate and filter water is inhibited; LINES OF COMMUNICATION NDMC→PDMC→MDMC

NATIONAL CENTRE

PROVINCIAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRE

6 REGIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRES

DM DM CITY OF DM DM DM CAPE OVERBERG BOLAND EDEN CENTRAL WEST TOWN KAROO COAST

PROVINCIAL - SANDF DEPARTMENTS - SAPS

- AND OTHER STATE DEPARTMENTS - NGO’S 24 LOCAL MUNICIPALITIES - PARASTATALS (ESCOM/SPOORNET/ACSA, ETC) AREA OF THE BGCMA

Eden District

4 WATER INFRASTRUCTURE: GOURITZ

5 EDEN PRIORITY RISKS

201 4 RISK ASSESSMENT Priority Hazards identified Additional hazards identified 2005 2013 Drought Seismic hazards HAZMAT: Road, Rail Petro -Chemical Fire Hazards Fire Alien Plant Invasion Floods Predator Animals Slope Failures Structural Integrity Old Gouritz Bridge Road Accidents Storm Surges Animal diseases Coastal Erosion (Sea Level Rise) Dam Shedding Service Disruptions Human diseases Social Disruptions

Table 1: EDM 2005 and 2014 identified hazards OUTENIQUA COAST WATER SITUATION STRATEGY • The Outeniqua Coast Water Situation Strategy Study was initiated in 2005 and completed in March 2008 ; • The hydrology for the area was updated and the ecological reserve requirements was taken into consideration; • Water reconciliation strategies were developed for each of the major towns, i.e. Mossel Bay, George and Knysna • Alternate sources of future water supply were proposed with the following targets:  Re-use of treated waste water (50%),  Groundwater (20%) ,  Desalination (20%)  To bring unaccounted for water (losses) down to less than 20%

Year Bitou DMA George Hessequa Kannaland Knysna Mossel Bay Oudtshoorn Eden DM

2001 30 057 14 116 135 409 44 224 22 821 52 027 71 494 80 854 451 002 2002 31 346 14 470 138 845 45 162 32 478 52 785 74 364 82 230 462 680 2003 32 635 14 824 142 281 46 101 24 134 53 543 77 234 83 606 474 358 2004 33 925 15 177 145718 47 039 24 791 54 301 80 103 84 981 486 035 2005 35 214 15 531 149154 47 978 25 447 55 059 82 973 86 357 497 713 2006 36 503 15 885 152590 48 916 26 104 55 817 85 843 87 733 509 391 2007 37 877 16 055 155046 49 545 26 404 56 248 88 132 87 918 517 225 2008 39 252 16 225 157502 50 175 26 705 56 679 90 422 88 102 525 060 2009 40 626 16 395 159 957 50 804 27 005 57 110 92 711 88 287 532 894 2010 42 000 178 978 51 433 27 305 57 541 95 000 88 471 540 728 2011 43 374 187 665 52 062 27 605 57 972 98 000 88 656 555 335 2012 44 749 196 353 52 692 27 906 58 403 101 000 88 840 569 941 2013 46 123 205 040 53 321 28 206 58 834 104 000 89 042 584 548 2014 47 497 213 728 53 950 28 506 59 265 107 000 89 209 599 155 2015 48 871 222 415 54 579 28 806 59 696 110 000 89 394 613 761 2016 50 043 227 752 55 888 29 497 61 128 112 640 91 539 628 491 2017 51 244 233 219 57 230 30 205 62 595 115 343 93 736 643 572 2018 52 473 238 816 58 603 30 930 64 098 118 111 95 986 659 017

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality

GEORGE RAINFALL 1950 - 2009

• Trend of annual rainfall shows a decline from 900 mm per annum in 1900 to an average of 630 by 2009 ; • The extremes vary between 300 and 1200mm per annum over the last 30 years . WOLWEDANS DAM WAS AT ITS LOWEST SINCE 1992

Wolwedans Dam - % of full capacity THE GARDEN ROUTE DAM WAS BELOW 15% MUNICIPALITY PROJECT DESCRIPTION TOTAL COSTS MUNICIPAL DROUGHT PETRO SA DROUGHT CONTRIBUTION RELIEF Contribution RELIEF CONDITIONAL CONDITIONAL GRANT (1 st ) GRANT (2nd)

Mossel Bay Re-use of effluent and R52.5 million R10 million R16.5 million R22.5 million - equipment for boreholes. George Re-use of waste water, R121.6 million R10.6 million R15 million - R75 million flow reducing devices, Malgas pumping scheme and block burning of river catchments. Knysna Drilling and equipment R40.1 million - R22.2 million - R17.9 million for new bore holes and water re-use.

Bitou Groundwater usage R23 million - - - R20 million and seawater usage: Desalination Plant to clean 2 M/l per day. Beaufort West Re-use of effluent and R28.6 million - - - R28.6 million boreholes.

TOTAL R265.8m R20.6 m R53.7 m R22.5m R141.5m Source: http://www.drought.unl.edu Towns with less than three months of water supply in storage. Towns predominantly dependent on river and/or groundwater abstraction system for water supply with a high risk of experiencing insufficient flow volumes during the prevailing drought conditions

Towns with three to six months of water supply in storage Towns predominantly dependent on river and/or groundwater abstraction system for water supply with a medium risk of experiencing insufficient flow volumes during the prevailing drought conditions

Towns with six to twelve months of water supply in storage Towns predominantly dependent on river and/or groundwater abstraction system for water supply with a low risk of experiencing insufficient flow volumes during the prevailing drought conditions

Towns with a sustainable water supply of more than twelve month s

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality Plettenberg Uniondale Haarlem Bay Heidelberg Gouritzmond Wilderness Hoekwil Kurland Albertinia Riversdale Natures Valley Slangrivier Buisplaas

Stilbaai Friemersheim Witsand

Herbertsdale Rheenendal Ruitersbos

Karatara Calitzdorp

Sedgefield De Rust KKKWSS Zoar Ladismith Buffalo Van Bay Wyksdorp

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality George Bitou 51.2 mm 38.0mm

Mossel Bay 22.4mm Hessequa 21mm

Knysna Kannaland 61.1mm 3.8mm Oudtshoorn 2.5mm

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality George Bitou 96.9 mm 51.2mm

Mossel Bay 49.6mm Hessequa 42.6mm

Knysna Kannaland 89.7mm 10.2m Oudtshoorn 21.2mm

Stilbaai Friemersheim Witsand

Herbertsdale Rheenendal Ruitersbos

Karatara Calitzdorp

Sedgefield De Rust KKKWSS Zoar Ladismith Buffalo Van Bay Wyksdorp

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality Dam as percentage full

˂ = 50% ˃ = 51% & ˂ = 90% ˃ = 91%

Korente Vet Duiwenhoks Garden Haarlem Roodefontein 57.59% 99.39% Route 66.33% 70.94% Ernest 95.87% Robertson Olive Groove Klipheuwel 97.95% 43% 80.71% Wolwedans 87.45% Jongensfontein 70% Hartebeeskuil 6.43% Akkerkloof 45% JF Le Grange Mara 35% 100% Park Goewerments Gleeb Melwille 100% 10% 75% 15%

Raubenheimer Gholfbaan Nels Jongensland Tierkloof 55% 80% 15% 65% 100%

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality Low / No Medium / Normal Strong

George Swart River Kaaimans River Hessequa Malgas River Bitou Duiwenhoks River Holdrif River Keurbooms Touw River Wit River Groot River

Knysna Knysna River Mossel Bay Gouna River Friemersheim Weir Goukamma River Ruitersbos Weir Homtini River

Oudtshoorn Kannaland Huisrivier Swartberg River

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality George Bitou Hessequa 31 8,4 8.4

Knysna Mossel Bay 13.01 25.8

Oudtshoorn Kannaland 21.2 8.8

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality Municipality Challenges Bitou Funding needed to complete Wadrift Dam. Expansion of the current desalination plant Knysna Funding needed for water conservation devices . The expansion of bulk water storage capasity. George Operational challenges with regards to the operation of the UF plant. Mossel Bay Funding to explore additional groundwater sources in the Buisplaas and Herbertsdale areas. Hessequa Funding to explore additional groundwater sources as well as storage capacity. Ageing infrastructure (pipelines) Kannaland Funding to explore additional groundwater sources as well as storage capacity. Oudtshoorn Funding w.r.t pipeline that is needed from the Rus- en-Vrede Waterfall to Dysselsdorp. Development of additional bulk storage and completion of the Blossoms deep groundwater project District Need for cross boundary bulk water projects to ensure water security of the entire district

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality Municipality Water Augmentation Interventions

Bitou • Uplands Borehole - Busy with land use agreement • Kurland Boreholes - Two boreholes have been drilled and has a yield of 8 l/s • Kwanokuthula Boreholes -Two boreholes will be equipped • Harkerville Boreholes -Two boreholes will be equipped

Knysna Equipping of an old borehole with a pump and pipeline

George Raising of Garden Route Dam to be finalised and contractor to be appointed

Mossel Bay Exploration of additional boreholes in the Buisplaas and Herbertsdale areas

Hessequa None due to lack of funding

Kannaland In process (DPLG and MIG funding), mostly groundwater projects

Oudtshoorn Equipping 3 boreholes that can deliver 20 l/s into the KKRWSS to be completed by end of June 2018

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality Local Solutions for Local Challenges Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality Demand Supply - Average Demand: 9.2 Ml/d + Roodfontein Dam 11 Ml/d + Desalination Plant 2 Ml/d - Current Demand: + Kwanokuthula Boreholes 2.6 Ml/d (After Restrictions) + Uplands Borholes 1.3 Ml/d 7.76 Ml/d 8.4 Ml/d (10% Saving) + Harkerville Boreholes 0.86 Ml/d + Kurland Boreholes 1 Ml/d - Peak Demand: 17 – 18 Ml/d + Golf Course / Kranshoek ?

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality GROUNDWATER STRESSED AREAS IN THE GOURITZ SUB-CATCHMENTS - QUANTITY

29 No Intervention 1 Water Supply Strategy - 50%/ 50% of surface and other sources 2 Wadrift dam construction (? geo-technical report) 3 Increased treatment capacity – 22Ml/day to 27Ml/day 4 New boreholes – possible additional 5,9Ml/day 5 Increase desalination capacity = 5Ml/day (est. R25m) 6 Upgrade Telemetry System 7 Revive Regional Water Scheme with Knysna with the objectives: • Identify water resources and bulk water requirements of Knysna and Bitou for the next 30 years; • Explore technical and economic viability of integrating the bulk water supply systems of Knysna and Bitou; • Compare integrated bulk water planning vs separate planning to explore sharing resources;

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality Town Ladismith • JF Le Grange Dam 35% = 26 727,4 m³ (water availability) • Goewerments Dam 70% = 86 586m³ (water availability) • Park dam – 70% • Gholf Course dam – 70% • 12 Boreholes - 31,5ℓ/s = 2 721,6m³/day (are used when needed) • Demand currently 3200kl/day • Total of 35 days water is available in the dams. Calitzdorp • Nels Dam 16% = 726 080m³ (water availability) • Demand currently 2 200kl/day • Dam belongs to the Irrigation Board and shared with farmers. • Total of 6 months water available in dam. Zoar • Tierkloof Dam 100% = 50 000m³ (water availability) • Demand currently 2500kl/day • Total of 20 days water available in dam • Linking Jongelands Dam in Zoar • Jongelands dam 35%= 342 804m³ (± 5 months available) Van • Die Oog – fontein, no metering system Wyksdorp • 3 Boreholes operating – 4,0ℓ/s • Demand currently 1,6kl/day • Water is currently sufficient CONCERNS

Town Population Total Industrial Domestic Water use (Estimation only) water water use water use p/p/day use 17% 83%

Mega litres per day Ladismith 7000 3,2 0,544 2,656 379 Calitzdorp 4500 2,2 0,374 1,826 405 Zoar 6500 2,5 0,425 2,075 319 Van 900 0,16 0,027 0,133 147 Wyksdorp Total 8,06 Theewaterskloof dam

AGRO-METEOROLOGICAL SITUATION IN WESTERN CAPE • Normally winter rain start around the Easter Weekend; • Winter rain started very late , first significant rain in June 2017; • Below normal rain fell in May to August (+/-50% of Long Term average) which had significant impact on water levels in Western Cape major storage dams • Dam levels much lower than corresponding time last year ;

Area % on 25/9/ 2017 % on 25/9/2016 % on 25/9/2015

Berg 48.8 72.4 71.8 Breede 34.5 59.0 71.7 Olifants/Doorn 40.3 98.4 88.4 Gouritz 19.0 42.1 65.5 WC Province 35.8 62.3 72.0 Cape Town supply 37.2 61.6 73.8

Document Reference #: ops-ppt-CT-039 Document Reference #: ops-ppt-CT-039 IMPACT OF DROUGHT ON AGRICULTURE

Vegetables • Ceres: 50% less onions planted and 80% less potatoes due to lack of water, resulting in loss of R40 million in wages to agri workers

Tomatoes • Puree factory in Lutzville will not open this season;

Deciduous fruit: • 20% small crop expected, with smaller fruit resulting in reduction in farm income; • 2016: produced same tonnage but smaller fruit resulted in R720 million losses; Wine industry • The industry is currently under financial stress and the drought is only aggravating it. Nursery vines orders for new planting are being cancelled and kept in cold storage; • A 5% reduction in the wine production equates to a loss of R175 million at the farm gate and R525 million with the value chain added ;

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality IMPACT OF DROUGHT ON AGRICULTURE (Cont.)

GRAIN • The effect of the drought is now clearly coming through. • In the Western region, producers are using their wheat fields as grazing for their animals as they will not be able to harvest this year. • Indications currently show that wheat production will be lower than the average demand of 600 000 tonnes per annum in the Western Cape. • Awaiting the outcome of the Crop Estimates due at the end of September.

LIVESTOCK • The situation is getting desperate for grazing and fodder availability is a major problem.

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality IMPACT OF DROUGHT ON SOCIAL WELFARE

SOCIAL WELFARE • A huge crisis is starting to develop; • With seasonal workers not getting work , Agri WK estimate 50 000 breadwinners will not have a normal income or any income at all; • The social-economic effect is going to be astronomical with the following impacts:

1. Humanitarian needs in the rural areas; 2. People moving to the Metro and towns; 3. Rural safety will be compromised with increased criminal activities; 4. Potential health risks.; 5. Support to producers, their wives, children, agri workers and their families in respect of:

- Emotional needs to manage their situation; - Spiritual well being ; - Physical needs – food, water, shelter, etc.

Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality Eden District Municipality • +27(0)44 803 1300 • www.edendm.gov.za • www.fb.com/edendistrictmunicipality 42 Thank You

Day Zero: Health Implications 43 – Dr. Alisa Halloway : UCT – Me Jacqueline Pandaram (PDMC) – Mr. Harold Basson (George Municipality) – Mr. Andre Roux (Department of Agriculture) – Mr. Johan Du Preez (Eden Technical Services) – Mr. Johan Stander (SAWS) – SSI