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AP Art History Chapter 29: in from1900‐1945 – Part 1

Chapter 29 Vocabulary – Define these terms Key Cultural Terms & Events: Harlem Renaissance, “Entartete Kunst” (“”) show (1937), avant‐ garde Key Art Terms: Primitivism, , Analytic and Synthetic , , , Dadaism, , Die Brucke, , , , Suprematism, , , Neue Sachlichkeit, collage, photomontage, , Rayograph, Prairie Style, trompe l’ oeil

Chapter 29 Exercises 1. Select two works of art directly related to World War I and describe how they relate to the conflict. 2. Select two works of art directly related to World War II and describe how they relate to the conflict. 3. What are the main tenets of Surrealism? Select a Surrealist work of art and describe how it illustrates them. 4. Compare and contrast the following pairs of artworks, using the points of comparison as a guide. A. Frank , Fallingwater (Fig. 29‐79); , Savoye (Fig. 29‐68) Style: Materials & forms: Relationship to site: B. Jacob Lawrence, No. 49 from The Migration of the Negro (Fig. 29‐70); , Street, Dresden (Fig. 29‐5) Subjects: Style: Treatment of figure and space: Themes: C. , Reclining Figure (Fig. 29‐63); Naum Gabo, Column (Fig. 29‐31) Materials: Forms: Subjects:

Chapter 28 Questions 1. What events greatly impacted the 20th century (and the art world)? What emerged from this event? (835) 2. In Derain’s , we see brilliant colors as well as the influence of another artist. Who? (839) 3. How do you feel his Street Dresden exemplifies his feelings about alienation from society? (840) 4. Kandinsky was one of the first modern artists to explore a______. He showed a shattering faith in the world of ______things. Kandinsky’s Improvisation 28 truly orchestrates color, ______, ______, & space. (841) 5. What does Kathe Kollwitz do formally to her Woman with Dead Child to intensify the message? (842) 6. What patron of the arts supported Picasso in many of his art endeavors including the portrait of the sister from 1906? (There were more than 80 sittings of this patron before it was actually “finished.”) (845) 7. What is his Demoisselles d’Avignon about? What did Picasso do with the woman seated at the lower right? (845‐847) 8. Read the grey insert on page 846. What comparisons can you make with recent African art and Picasso’s Young Ladies of Avignon? How were artists exposed to all the new art from Africa and Oceana? (845‐846) 9. What is Guernica about? How does he use Cubism to impact the viewer on his message? (850‐851) 10. In the Guitar, how does Picasso allow the viewer examine both surface and interior space. (851) 11. Compare and contrast the sculptures of Woman Combing her Hair by two different artists. (852) 12. Leger’s, The City, captures a variety of noises and sights experienced in a city. List three. (853) AP Art History Chapter 29: Modernism in from1900‐1945 – Part 1

13. What do Dynamism of a Dog on a Leach and Unique Forms of Continuity in Space have in common? (855‐855) 14. How does the author compare the Unique Forms of Continuity in Space to Nick of Samothrace? (855) 15. Duchamp’s, The Large Glass, was dropped and the glass shattered on the way from an exhibition. How did Duchamp respond? (858) 16. Where did Kurt Schwitters obtain his materials for his collages, such as his Merz 19? 17. Tatlin’s Tower (Monument to the Third International), which never came to be in the Soviet Union, existed only in model form. Had they ever had the funds (and steel) to build it, how much taller than the Eiffel Tower would it have been? How would the interior been different than the Eiffel Tower’s? (860‐861) 18. Constructivists sculpture tries to display a relationship of ______and ______. (860) 19. Productivism sought to design a better ______for human beings. (860) 20. Read the grey insert on page 863. Why was the so important to Americans? 21. Read the grey insert on page 865. In the 20th century, women begin to play an important role in art. List at least three important women that contributed to the world of art. 22. In Hartley’s Portrait of a German Officer we see various elements of a military portrait presented in a cubist fashion. List three specific military‐related images. (866) 23. What was “291”? (869) 24. Stieglitz was famous for his _____ in America. What is the theme of his Steerage? What group did he form? What is the “steerage class”? (869) 25. Weston was also a photographer. Describe how Nude is somewhat abstract? What did Weston consider a “straight” photograph to be? (870) 26. How does the Chrysler Building epitomizes the Art Deco design style? (871) 27. Look at the Isenheim Altarpiece (23‐2), which greatly influenced ’s Der Krieg. Mention two similarities between the two altarpieces. (874) 28. Which painting disturbs you more as to the suffering from war? Picasso’s Guernica (29‐18), Rubens’ Consequences of War(25­4), or Otto Dix’s Der Krieg? Why?(874) 29. What is the difference between Naturalistic surrealism and Biomorphic Surrealism? (875) 30. Read Degenerate Art on page 877. Hitler did not like avant‐garde art and called it degenerate. What did he order Joseph Goebbels to do in 1937? Designed to inflame public opinion, this actually turned out to gather 2 million viewers. Read through the list of exhibiting artists. List three that you have read about. In the exhibition, signs were posted by the Nazis that criticized the art. Some of the art was even hung askew to mock the paintings. By having this exhibition, the Nazis were able to confiscate over 16,558 works of art. Some of these were sold for revenue, and some were burned in a bonfire in 1942. There were tragic results of this exhibition. What happened to Kirchner? What happened to Beckmann? 31. Salvador Dali paints his famous Persistence of Memory in 19____. It shows empty space where time has ______. How many watches are in it? (877‐879) 32. Miro created “automatism.” What is that? What did he use in creating Painting? (879) 33. What three art movements (two in Russia and one in Holland) espoused utopian ideals? (880) 34. Moore was also an admirer of negative space. He highly considered medium when creating his works. What was his favorite recurring theme in his sculptures? An inspiration for this was the Chacmool (18‐17 on page 505) from ancient Mexico (800CE). Describe what a Chacmool is. (883) 35. Read about Bauhaus on page 885. In what ways does the Bauhaus chair incorporate the tenets of the Bauhaus school? 36. What was Mies Van Der Rohe’s motto for his sleek glass and steel skyscrapers? ______is ______! (886) 37. What materials did Le Corbusier use to allow them to put this heavy cube on top of the slender column supports? (887) 38. Due to the tremendous suppression from Hitler between the wars and during WWII, many European artists went into exile. They sought refuge in America, hence bringing/sharing new art forms in our country. List four European artists that sought a more hospitable environment temporarily in the United States. (887) AP Art History Chapter 29: Modernism in from1900‐1945 – Part 1

39. Jacob Lawrence, an African American artist of the Harlem Renaissance, painted a 60 part series on what theme? In No. 49, what is it about and how does he get the viewer’s eye to travel through the painting? (889) 40. Paintings such as ’s American Gothic that depicted Midwestern Rural Americana were known as American R______. It’s actually a painting of a father and his ______. (890) 41. Benton, also known as a Regionalist, also painted as a muralist. Where does his Pioneer Days and Early Settlers appear? Did his mural give an entirely positive depiction of Missouri’s history? (891) 42. Why do you think most muralists like Orozco and Rivera chose to be muralists primarily instead of painters? Think about where their art is displayed and match that with their political beliefs. (891) 43. What was the focus of Orozco’s large mural cycle at Dartmouth College? What ethnic group of people did he seek to “dramatize and validate” within that cycle according to the text book? (891) 44. In ’s, The Two Fridas, what does the Frida on the right in the blue and gold costume represent and Frida on the left in the white represent? How does the heart represent both her struggles as well as her Aztec heritage? (893) 45. Read the background behind Dorothea Lange’s Migrant Mother (1935). What agency hired her and for what purpose? Did anything beneficial come to this poor woman as a result of Lange’s photo? (894) 46. Read the grey inset on page 895. What women do The Museum of in NYC owes its existence? 47. Look at Calder’s 9 foot mobile entitled Lobster Trap and Fish Tail. Where was this intended to hang so that the natural air current could set the parts moving? What “parts” do you see in the mobile? (895‐896) 48. Why did Wright decide to build Falling Water (aka Kauffman House) over the waterfall? Wright said that he designed ______not mass for the patron. (896) 49. If you had to select one work from this chapter that you think marks the beginning of the Modern Era, what would it be and why?