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Instituto Nacional De Pesquisas Da Amazônia - Inpa Programa De Pós-Graduação Em Botânica INSTITUTO NACIONAL DE PESQUISAS DA AMAZÔNIA - INPA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BOTÂNICA CHRYSOBALANACEAE NO PARQUE NACIONAL VIRUÁ (RORAIMA) E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE DOMÁCIAS EM HIRTELLA DORVALII PRANCE PATRÍCIA ALFAIA PEREIRA Manaus, Amazonas Julho, 2013 PATRÍCIA ALFAIA PEREIRA CHRYSOBALANACEAE NO PARQUE NACIONAL VIRUÁ (RORAIMA) E DISTRIBUIÇÃO DE DOMÁCIAS EM HIRTELLA DORVALII PRANCE DR. MICHAEL JOHN GILBERT HOPKINS DR. CHARLES EUGENE ZARTMAN Dissertação apresentada ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas, área de concentração em Botânica. Manaus, Amazonas Julho, 2013 Componentes da banca examinadores do projeto 1 - Ghillean Tolmie Prance – Royal Botanic Garden, Kew 2 - Cíntia Sothers – Royal Botanic Garden, Kew 3 - Maria do Carmo Estanislau Amaral – UNICAMPI 4 – Anselmo Nogueira – USP Componentes da banca examinadores da aula de qualificação 1 - Alberto Vicentini – INPA 2 - Antônio Carlos Webber – UFAM 3- Maria gracimar Pacheco de Araújo – UFAM Componentes da banca examinadores do trabalho de conclusão 1- Maria de Lourdes da C. Soares Moraes – INPA 2- Mário Henrique Terra Araújo – INPA 3- Andréia Silva Flores – MIR ii FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA P436 Pereira, Patrícia Alfaia Chrysobalanaceae no Parque Nacional Viruá (Roraima) e distribuição de domácias em hirtella dorvalii prance / Patrícia Alfaia Pereira. --- Manaus : [s.n], 2013. xv, 123 f. : il. color Dissertação (Mestrado) --- INPA, Manaus, 2013. Orientador : Michael John Gilbert Hopkins. Cooreintador : Charles Eugene Zartman. Área de concentração : Biodiversidade Vegetal da Amazônia, Reprodução e Crescimentos de Vegetais. 1. Chrysobalanaceae - Taxonomia. 2. Domácias. 3. Formigas. I. Título. CDD 583.214 Sinopse: Realizou-se um tratamento taxonômico das espécies de Chrysobalanaceae ocorrentes no Parque Nacional Viruá em Roraima e estudou-se a variação na distribuição de formas de domácias em Hirtella dorvalii Prance. Palavras-chave: 1. Chrysobalanaceae. 2. Amazônia. 3. Identificação. 4. Domácias. 5. Formigas. iii Dedico este trabalho aos meus pais, Maria S. Alfaia Pereira e Manuel Gama Pereira, pelo apoio, incentivo, confiança e amor sempre. iv AGRADECIMENTOS A CNPq pela bolsa de mestrado durante esses dois anos de intenso trabalho. Ao programa PNADB, Programa Nacional de Apoio e Desenvolvimento da Botânica, da CAPES, pelo financiamento das excursões de campo. Ao INPA por suas instalações. Ao coordenador Dr. Alberto Vicentini pelos inúmeros esclarecimentos e por sempre estar disposto a ajudar. Às secretárias do Curso de Botânica, Neide, Léia e Jéssica, pelos inúmeros favores atendidos e incentivos. Aos meus orientadores Mike e Charles, exemplos de inteligência e simplicidade. Obrigada, Mike, por me escolher entre tantos pedidos de orientação, pelo bom humor sempre e por todo apoio, orientação, amizade e muita paciência. Thanks! Ao ICMBio, Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade de Roraima, e ao IBAMA, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis, pelo apoio logístico e acomodações no campo. Às pessoas do ICMBio ligados diretamente ao Parque Nacional Viruá: Antônio e Beatriz Lisboa, Thiago e Hudson. À FamíliaViruá: Seu Iran e seus filhos (Bruno, Miúdo e Branco) pelo apoio, incentivo, brincadeiras e carinho que sempre deixavam os campos mais agradavéis. Aos ajudantes de campo Chico Buzina, Miranda, Oziel, Maranhense, Wicles, Cascão e Taco pela incessável disposição para as coletas botânicas, coletas de dados, pelas inúmeras divertidas histórias, por sempre estarem dispostos a serem ferrados por inúmeras jiquitais por dias seguidos e por sempre me salvarem dos porcos! À cozinheira e amiga Val pelas horas literalmente saborosas e hilárias no parque. À minha linda turma de 2011: Sofi, Carol, Jú, Camilo, Stefan, Amauri e Genise. Cada um me tocou de uma forma muito especial e que a distância nunca afete nossa amizade e carinho uns pelos outros. Tupé Forever! Aos demais amigos que fiz ao longo desses dois anos (ou mais): Martinha, Claudinha, Cacá, Jefferson, Danilo, André, Maikel, Carlinha, Jú, Rodrigo, Ricardo, Flávio, Marcos, Katinha, Mário, Pri, Natali, Aline, Edlley, entre outros, pelos cafezinhos de todos os dias regados a muitas risadas e carinho, pelas brincadeiras, doidices, desabafos, puxões de orelha, incentivo, conselhos e conversas infinitas sobre tudo e todos. Ops! (risos). À duas pessoas lindas que tenho a honra de conhecer e conviver e com as quais aprendo a cada dia a ser uma pessoa melhor e mais feliz. Sofi, obrigada pela companhia durante as aulas e estudos desde o primeiro dia, dentro e fora do INPA, e principalmente durante os campos. Eles não eram tão alegres quando você não estava! Dirceeee! Muito obrigada por quebrar v altos galhos para mim. Nunca terei com retribuir sua sempre animada companhia principalmente durante as diversas noites de trabalho no laboratório. Parceira é parceira! Aos meus pais, Mara e Gama, pela educação, apoio, amor e dedicação sempre e por compreenderem minhas inúmeras ausências. Às minhas irmãs, Priscilla e Tatyana, familiares e “antigas” amigas (Marcia, Silvia, Érika, Cida, Eguimara, Nelma, Amanda) por sempre torcerem e acreditarem em mim. Muito obrigada! vi “Estava parada observando uma formiga levando as folhinhas (seu alimento) para outras formigas, aí me perguntaram: Qual a graça de ficar olhando para uma formiga? Olhei para a pessoa e respondi: Eu procuro enxergar o que as outras pessoas não enxergam.” Camila Arbage vii RESUMO O Parque Nacional Viruá (PARNA Viruá) está localizado em uma área pouco explorada taxonomicamente e que abriga diferentes e importantes tipos vegetacionais. No tratamento taxonômico realizado para as espécies de Chrysobalanaceae do PARNA Viruá, entre julho de 2011 e abril de 2013, foram coletadas amostras de indivíduos férteis nos diferentes tipos de vegetação. No PARNA Viruá, Chrysobalanaceae está representada por 26 espécies distribuídas em 5 gêneros: Couepia (2), Exellodendron (1), Hirtella (11), Licania (10) e Parinari (2), que podem ser encontradas em praticamente todos os ambientes do parque. Dentre essas espécies, oito novos registros para o Estado de Roraima foram encontrados e chaves de identificações, descrições taxonômicas e ilustrações fotográficas dessas espécies são apresentadas no presente trabalho. Hirtella dorvalii Prance é uma espécie mirmecófita comum nas campinas e campinaranas do parque que apresenta uma grande variação de presença/ausência e no tamanho de suas domáceas na base da lâmina foliar. Visando descrever essa variação na distribuição das formas das domácias para, assim, determinar o que poderia estar influenciando nas suas formações, 10 populações de H. dorvalii foram marcadas e as domácias presentes ou ausentes em 10 folhas de 10 ramos por indivíduos foram categorizadas, gerando o Índice de Forma de Domácias (IFD). A distribuição do IDF não é aleatoriamente distribuída entre os ramos das plantas, indicando que cada ramo pode controlar a formação de domácias nas suas folhas. Comparando populações, a distribuição dos valores do IFD também não é aleatória, pois as populações de H. dorvalii em áreas mais perturbadas, populações não ocupadas por formigas, tiveram IFDs menores que as populações em áreas menos perturbadas, porém não foi possível confirmar se a presença de formiga estaria influenciando diretamente na formação de domácias nessa espécie. É de fundamental importância que estudos taxonômicos e ecológicos sejam realizados na Amazônica para que, assim, possamos atenuar a escassez de conhecimento sobre a flora da região. viii ABSTRACT The Virua National Park is located in an area little explored taxonomically and houses different and important vegetation types. In the taxonomic treatment performed for the species of the Chrysobalanaceae in Park, between July 2011 and April 2013, samples were collected from fertile individuals in different vegetation types. In Park, Chrysobalanaceae is represented by 26 species in 5 genera: Couepia (2), Exellodendron (1), Hirtella (11), Licania (10) and Parinari (2), which can be found in almost all environments Park. Among these species, eight new records for Roraima were found and identification keys, taxonomic descriptions and photographic illustrations of these species are presented in this work. Hirtella dorvalii Prance is a specie myrmecophite e common in the campina and campinarana in park that features a wide range of presence/absence and size of their domatia at the base of the leaf blade. In order to describe the variation in the distribution of shapes of domatia thus determine what might be influencing in their formations, 10 populations of H. dorvalii were marked and domatia present or absent in 10 sheets of 10 branches were categorized by individuals, generating the Index Form Domatia (IFD). The distribution of the IDF is not randomly distributed between the branches of the plants, indicating that each branch can control the formation of domatia in their leaves. Comparing populations, the distribution of the values of IFD is not random because the populations of H. dorvalii in disturbed areas, populations not occupied by ants, IFD were smaller than populations in less disturbed areas, but it was not possible to confirm the presence of ants would be directly influencing the formation of domatia in this species. It is vital that taxonomic and ecological studies undertaken in the Amazon so that thus we can mitigate the lack of knowledge about the flora of the region. ix SUMÁRIO LISTAS DE FIGURAS …………………………………………….………………………
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