BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

OCTOBER 2016 CONTENTS

Introduction and Approach ...... 4 Context ...... 7 Historical Development ...... 15 Character Assessment ...... 21 Managing Change ...... 69 References ...... 73 Appendix A: Schedule of Listed Buildings ...... 75 Appendix A: Historic Maps ...... 81

AECOM Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited (“AECOM”) has prepared this Report for the sole use of Project Role Name Position Actions Summary Date Redington Frognal Neighbourhood Forum (“Client”) in accordance with the Agreement under which our services were performed. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made as to the professional advice Researcher Emma van der Velde Graduate Landscape Draft 11.05.16 included in this Report or any other services provided by AECOM. Architect Where the conclusions and recommendations contained in this Report are based upon information provided by others it is upon the assumption that all relevant information has been provided by those parties from Project Manager / Jon Rooney Associate Director Detailed comments 30.09.16 whom it has been requested and that such information is accurate. Information obtained by AECOM has not Technical Specialist AECOM on draft been independently verified by AECOM, unless otherwise stated in the Report. The methodology adopted and the sources of information used by AECOM in providing its services are Qualifying Body Roger Shelley Chairman Comments on draft 10.10.16 outlined in this Report. The work described in this Report was undertaken in the period July 2015 to August Steering Group report 2015 and is based on the conditions encountered and the information available during the said period of time. The scope of this Report and the services are accordingly factually limited by these circumstances. Director/QA Jon Rooney Associate Director Finalise report 28.10.16 Where assessments of works or costs identified in this Report are made, such assessments are based upon the AECOM information available at the time and where appropriate are subject to further investigations or information which may become available. Technical Specialist Jon Rooney Associate Director Review final 28.10.16 AECOM AECOM disclaim any undertaking or obligation to advise any person of any change in any matter affecting the Report, which may come or be brought to AECOM’s attention after the date of the Report.

Project Coordination Fifon Batcup Project Co-ordinator Issue final report 14.11.16 Certain statements made in the Report that are not historical facts may constitute estimates, projections or other forward-looking statements and even though they are based on reasonable assumptions as of the date of the Report, such forward-looking statements by their nature involve risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results predicted. AECOM specifically does not guarantee or warrant any estimate or projections contained in this Report.

Where field investigations are carried out, these have been restricted to a level of detail required to meet the stated objectives of the services. The results of any measurements taken may vary spatially or with time and further confirmatory measurements should be made after any significant delay in issuing this Report.

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© This Report is the copyright of AECOM Infrastructure & Environment UK Limited. Any unauthorised reproduction or usage by any person other than the addressee is strictly prohibited. BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Introduction

This report presents a summary of the history and character of Belper. It has been prepared by consultants at AECOM on behalf of Locality, working closely with the Belper Neighbourhood Plan Steering Group and is based on a detailed appraisal of the area carried out through desk study and fieldwork.

Landscape character assessment is a process used to describe and articulate what is special and distinctive about a particular place by identifying recognisable patterns of elements or characteristics that make one landscape different from another. Landscape is defined by the European Landscape Convention as “….. an area, as perceived by people, whose character is the result of the action and interaction of natural and / or human factors.” This definition is broad and encompasses natural, rural, urban and peri-urban areas.

The information generated through the process of characterisation can be used as evidence to support the planning and design process. This approach is supported by the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), which states that neighbourhood plans should develop robust and comprehensive policies based on an understanding and evaluation of its defining characteristics (DCLG, 2012). In doing so, policies can ensure that development responds to local character and history, and reflects the identity of local surroundings and materials, while not preventing or discouraging appropriate innovation.

Approach

The approach of this study follows well-established landscape character assessment techniques. The detailed desk study and fieldwork carried out to inform this assessment underpins the classification and description of character areas and broadly follows the process set out in the “Approach to Landscape Character Assessment” (Natural , 2014). This approach has been tailored to meet the specific needs of the neighbourhood planning process and draws on further best practice guidance including:

• How To Prepare A Character Assessment To Support Design Policy Within A Neighbourhood Plan (Planning Aid England, 2015);

• Using Historic Landscape Characterisation (Historic England 2004);

• Character and Identity Townscape and Heritage Appraisals in Housing Market Renewal Areas (Historic England and CABE 2008); and

• Understanding Place Historic Area Assessments: Principles and Practice (Historic England 2010).

Historic England, previously English Heritage has issued a number of guidance and best practice notes covering a range of issues in relation to the conservation and management of historic places and heritage assets all of which are available on the Historic England website (https://historicengland. Market Place org.uk/advice/planning/).

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Public consultation

Members of the local steering group were invited to share their knowledge and experience of the history and character of the area. A meeting took place on Tuesday 16 August 2016 where the Neighbourhood Plan Steering Group consulted with AECOM to both discuss and refine the draft landscape character areas.

A number of key considerations emerged from the consultation which have informed the preparation of the assessment. These are summarised below:

• Attractive place to live, work and visit;

• Strong historical and cultural associations, recognised in its designation as a World Heritage Site;

• A wide variety of buildings, places and spaces which should be celebrated;

• Complex townscape heavily influenced by the ;

• The influence of the Derwent River and surrounding landscape which sets the scene of the World Heritage Site;

• Relevance of transport in the historical development specifically the railway;

• Strong active frontage on primary routes through the town linked to retail and community uses;

• Generally good pedestrian access through highly valued public spaces;

• A range of key views within the town that contribute to an understanding of its character, which should be protected;and

• Opportunities and threats of continuing change through new development.

David Fisher, member of the Belper Neighbourhood Plan Steering Group

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BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

CONTEXT BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Context Study Area This section of the report describes the location and context of the Belper area Chesterfield and summarises current planning policies which are relevant to the study.

Peak District Location National Park The town of Belper is located at the centre of Borough in , approximately 13km north of , 19km west of and 16km south east of Matlock. The parish of Belper covers an area of approximately 1,741ha of land within Amber Valley and according to the 2011 Mansfield Census the population of the four wards making up Belper was 21,823, which equates to a population density of 12.5 people per ha.

Good local rail and road connections run north to south through the valley of the River Derwent including the A6 main road and the Derwent Valley Railway Line. The A6, which runs through the western area of the town, connects directly to the centre of Derby (south) and Matlock (north). Belper railway station is located in the centre of the town and is served by hourly train services direct to Derby (12 minutes), Nottingham (42 minutes) and Belper Matlock (22 minutes). Despite its proximity to major transport routes Belper has retained a largely rural, agricultural setting, which has prevented its coalescence with nearby settlements including Ripley to the north east and the small settlements of Kilburn and Bottles to the south east.

Belper, a name unique to this location is valued for its industrial heritage as the Derwent Valley was the birthplace of the system in the 18th century, which successfully harnessed water power for textile production. This resulted in a fascinating series of large historic mill complexes, including Nottingham some of the world’s first ‘modern’ . Associated with this, the wealthy landowners created 18th and 19th Century historic parks, woodlands and model farm complexes. This distinctive and unique cultural, international and historic landscape has been recognised internationally and designated as The Derby World Heritage Site (WHS), inscribed by UNESCO in 2001. In tandem with the rapid of the valley, settlement expanded with the creation of workers’ cottages and houses, chapels and schools, and the first transport systems developed north to south along the river valley.

Diversity in natural landscape of The Derwent Valley surrounding Belper including topography, geology and soil type has resulted in a diverse mix of land use, habitats and species throughout the area. The Derwent Valley forms part of a ‘picturesque transitional area between the natural beauty of the Peak Burton on District National Park to the west and the largely urban, formerly mined Trent Derbyshire Coal Measures to the east.’ (Natural England, (2014) ‘Much of the biodiversity interest is associated with woodlands and grasslands and the area encompasses one of the largest broadleaved woodland networks in the north of England’ (Natural England, (2014). As a result of this there is a large amount of open green space within the urban areas of Belper with patches of mature 5 0 5 10 15 20 km trees, which provides an overall wooded character.

Figure 1: Location plan Contains OS data Crown copyright (2016)

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0

250 240 230 120

240 90 12 140 Geology and soils 100 230 150 110

220 200 140 140 180 120 140 130 210 160 150 The underlying bedrock of the area has a strong influence on its topography. 140 130 120 The west of the area is formed by bands of Millstone Grit (Mudstone, Siltstone 160 190 110 90 and Sandstone), Ashover Grit (Sandstone) and Chatsworth Grit (Sandstone) 220 130 120 70 210 130 which extend up the sides of the valley of the River Derwent. Superficial 110 deposits of alluvium follow the route of the River Derwent. The east the

140 160 140 120 200 170 150 120 area is divided by bands of Crawshaw Sandstone (Sandstone) and Pennine 130 190 190 80 90 70 70 Lower Coal Measures Formations (Mudstone, Siltstone and Sandstone). The 120

100 150 180 80 coal seams in this area are generally thin and were sub-economic compared

150 120 130 130 110 140 with the thicker seams further east. This explains why there are few coalfield 150 130 160 communities in the local area. Superficial deposits of alluvium follow the route 130

120 120 130 110 120 of Coppice Brook. (BGS, 2016). 150 120 140 120 100 150 110 110 100 100 120 C 80 The Soilscapes map indicates that the soils in the area largely coincide with 130 the underlying geology. They support a range of vegetation types. Soils along

70 100 90 120 70 the valley of the River Derwent are classified as a mixture of loamy and slightly A acid loamy, free draining soils with shallow groundwater tables vulnerable to

90

110 D 100 flooding and leached pollutants. Soils to the north and east of the area are 120 90 100 100 classified as slowly permeable, seasonally wet, acid loamy and clayey soils. (UK 90 130 Soil Observatory, 2016).

60 110 130

110 110 100 140 90 70 80 100 120 120 E 120 80 80 Topography and hydrology 140 150 140 150 100Legend 90 150 120 160 The action of the River Derwent on the soft underlying bedrock of the area has 150 80 100 Study Area created a distinct U-shaped valley, as shown in Figure 4. The land rises either 130 90 170 70 140 160 160 10m Contours side of the River Derwent, which lies at approximately 60m Above Ordnance 150 170 Datum (AOD), to high points of approximately 180 AOD in the west of the

90 Watercourse80 100 70 80 study area. 90 160 150 150 160 180 140 < 50 mAOD 150 140 120 140 130 100 110 In places, particularly close to the town centre, steep gradients are noticeable 60 >20 - <50 mAOD 110 along the streets which lead away from the river where buildings step up the 100 90 100 >10070 - <150 mAOD hillside. The route of Coppice Brook, a minor tributary to the River Derwent, 120 130 70 90 is visible in the centre of the area from north east to south west where an area 140 130 >150 - <200 mAOD 100 of open space divides urban development. 120 80 90 > 200 - <250 mAOD100 80 110 90 70 140 120 The River Derwent flows through a deep, broad valley helping to drain 90 > 250

110 130 100 the large volume of rainwater collected within the . The river 100 A meanders through the valley bottom where many mills were historically 100 80 80 River Derwent 100 60 90 located, including the Derwent Valley Mills at Belper. A massive gritstone weir 70 80 B Bottle Brook and sluices associated with the adjacent North Mill complex are located in the 80 70 B 90 80 90 100 north of Belper . 120 C 100Black Brook 90 110 110 90 80 70 70 A D Shipley Brook Lying on the west side of the River Derwent, is the Lane wetland 80 reserve, consisting of two pools, water meadows and reed beds. 110 E 80 Lumb Brook 90 100 90 100 80 100 120

1 110 0 1 2 3 km 80 70 100

Figure 2: Topography and hydrology plan Contains OS data Crown copyright (2016)

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Planning policy context Local Planning Policy Housing POLICY H12 - applications for housing development should be in scale National Planning Policy Amber Valley Local Plan (2006) and character with their surroundings, have regard to The Amber Valley Local Plan has an important role to play in delivering the distinctive landscape features and provide supplementary National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), 2012 Strategic Objectives of the Borough Council, as well as in applying national, landscaping where appropriate, particularly where the regional and strategic planning policies and guidance at the local level. A development is visually prominent or situated on the The NPPF requires local authorities to set out in their Local Plan a positive summary of policies relative to this assessment include: established urban fringe. vision for the enhancement and enjoyment of heritage assets (DCLG, 2012). Part 12 Conserving and enhancing the historic environment clearly states Economic Development and Regeneration Town Centre and Shopping that local authorities should recognise “the desirability of new development making a positive contribution to local character and distinctiveness” and POLICY ER1a - relates to mixed use development on land at East Mill and POLICY TC6 - shopping development in local centres should be consistent should seek “opportunities to draw on the contribution made by the historic North Mill, Bridgefoot, Belper with the scale and function of the centre. environment to the character of a place”. POLICY ER1b - relates to mixed use development on land at West Mill, Environment Planning Practice Guidance, 2014 Bridgefoot, Belper POLICY EN7 - design of development should be appropriate to the Planning Practice Guidance was reviewed, catalogued and published on POLICY ER1c - relates to mixed use development on land north and south of landscape character type within which it is proposed. the internet by the government in 2014 (DCLG, 2014). The section on Derwent Street, Belper design includes guidance on promoting landscape character (Paragraph: POLICY EN8 - provides protection to significant trees, woodlands, 007Reference ID: 26-007-20140306). It states that “development should POLICY ER5 - redevelopment or extension of existing business, industrial or hedgerows, dry stone walls or other landscape features. seek to promote character in townscape and landscape by responding to storage and distribution uses premises or their expansion and reinforcing locally distinctive patterns of development” and that the onto immediately adjacent land, outside of existing business POLICY EN9 - relates to the loss or damage to existing landscape features. “successful integration of new development with their surrounding context is and industrial areas. an important design objective”. POLICY EN24 - relates to development proposals for the external alteration POLICY ER6 - development, involving the conversion or extension of existing of Listed Buildings or development within their curtilage or buildings or new built development, which assists in the setting. diversification of the rural economy. POLICY EN27 - requires new development to conserve or enhance POLICY ER12 - tourism development, including the expansion of existing conservation areas. facilities on to immediately adjacent land.

Short Row, Terrace Housing Whitemoor Medical Centre Stone Housing, Belper Lane

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POLICY EN29 - requires all development proposals to preserve or enhance the character and appearance of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site and its setting within the Buffer Zone, including views into and out of the site.

Leisure and Community Facilities

POLICY LC6 – relates to the provision of new leisure facilities, or the extension of existing facilities

Belper Area Profile

A set of Area Profiles help gain a better understanding of the characteristics and features of local communities in Amber Valley (Amber Valley Borough Council, 2016). The profiles present published statistics together with summarises of the evidence base. These are ‘living’ drafts and will be updated in the light of public consultation or when new information or evidence becomes available.

Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site Management Plan (2014-2019)

The Management Plan looks at the main issues affecting the site and gives objectives and a programme of actions to ensure a co-ordinated approach and framework to its management. The plan provides the context in which those who live, work, occupy or own property in the WHS or the adjacent buffer zone can participate in, and contribute to, the conservation of the site. Its overarching mission is to maintain the Outstanding Universal Value of the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site by protecting, conserving, presenting, enhancing and transmitting its unique culture, heritage, economy and landscape in a sustainable manner.

Foundry Lane Housing Development

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Landscape designations

A number of statutory and non-statutory landscape designations cover parts of the area and have been reviewed to determine the levels of protection currently given to the landscape within the study area. The major designations are discussed below.

Belper falls within The Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site (WHS), which was granted in 2001. This designation recognises the international importance of the Derwent Valley as the birthplace of the in the 18th Century. Within the boundaries of the WHS are a series of historic mill complexes and the watercourses that powered them. The associated settlements that were built for the mill workers, the railways and other structures are all important features within the fabric of the WHS and its setting.

Lying next to the River Derwent and within the WHS is the Wyver Lane wetland reserve. The reserve has many resident bird species, including Canada geese, tufted duck and little grebe. The reserve is one of the few remaining areas of wet grassland in the mid-Derwent Valley and is the only site with large enough areas of undisturbed grassland for wigeon to overwinter. (Derbyshire Wildlife Trust, 2016)

Derwent Valley Mills, WHS

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Cultural associations

The community based Belper Arts Festival, which is held annually in the spring, has a blend of art, music, dance, photography, film, literature, theatre, comedy, performance, talks and workshops. Belper open house involves local artists and makers exhibiting high quality work from professional artists and makers in houses and studios around Belper. (Belper Arts Festival, 2016)

Belper was the overall winner of the great British High Street Award 2014. The judges felt that this market town had shown how much more can be done to transform an outwardly successful town centre into a go-to destination for locals and visitors alike, which is why it won the Market Town category. (Department for Communities and Local Government, 2014)

Beth’s Poetry Trail can be found in the town of Belper, Derbyshire, as a permanent memorial to Beth Fender who founded the town’s two poetry groups. The Beth Fender Memorial Fund and working group was established to set up the trail in 2003, including members of the poetry group’s family and local community representation. A poem, or extract of a poem, is installed at 20 sites around the town. Each poem has been interpreted in a manner appropriate to the poem and the setting. (Beth’s Poetry Trail, 2015)

The Derwent Valley Heritage Way is a 55 mile walk along the Derwent Valley. Starting from the Peak District National Park the route runs across the , through Belper and the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. The route continues along a riverside path through Derby to the journey’s end at Derwent Mouth where the Derwent flows into the . (Visit Peak District and Derbyshire, 2016)

Inscribed Steps, Beth’s Poetry Trail

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BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

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Historic Development Post-Medieval 1778. The impact was almost immediate with new houses being built to house the growing population. Once inhabited by a few nail makers was now ‘The place-name Belper is derived from Beaurepaire, meaning beautiful A very detailed survey was made in 1560 of all the trees and the condition of ranking next to Derby in extent, population wealth and intelligence. retreat, and is one of the three most important place-names of French origin the undergrowth in each ward and park of Duffield Frith. Belper Park itself in the county. The medieval village lay adjacent to one of the deer parks of was described as mostly containing old birch and some hazel, together with 1781 – Strutt’s first Milford mill under construction Duffield Frith, with its knight’s lodge, foresters’ chapel and venison larder. a few oaks. By 1600 it had been deforested and was being farmed. The land Nail-making formed a part of the economy by the 14th century, if not before, around Belper was described in the early 18th century as being ‘but bad and 1786 - Strutt’s first ‘North Mill’, a timber-framed building , was completed. taking advantage of easily worked local coal and ironstone deposits. The ancient forest land’. North Mill burned down in 1803, uninsured. post-medieval village continued to thrive, acquiring a market in 1739, and supplementing the flourishing nail-making industry with some involvement The Hearth Tax returns can provide some limited information about houses 1786 - an Act of Parliament was passed for the enclosure of remaining in pottery production and the domestic textile business. However, it was the in Belper in the mid-17th century, the impression of Belper is that it was a common lands in Duffield Parish. decision by to utilise the power of the River Derwent at Belper settlement of relatively poor families living in small houses. Bridge to power his cotton mills that started a dramatic upturn in Belper’s 1790 – Construction of earliest known Strutt back to backs at Chevin View, fortunes. Strutt and his descendants invested considerably in Belper, not only 18th century Belper building mansions for themselves but also providing high quality housing for the mill workers, as well as religious and educational facilities and outlying The 18th century witnessed a fundamental restructuring of economic 1792-7 – Strutts build terraces of millworker’s houses at Milford at Hopping farms to provide fresh food. The Strutts also invested in innovative designs organisation within society, resulting in the major landmark in human history Hill, Forge Hill, Chevin Alley, Well Lane and Chevin Road for their mills, with the development of fire resistant factory architecture. that came to be known as the ‘Industrial Revolution’. The first stages occurred An Act of Parliament of 1793 authorised the creation of the Duffield and The growth in the cotton industry at Belper was accompanied by a separate in Derwent Valley with the establishment of the factory system. Turnpike Road, which passed through Belper. industry based on the distribution of hosiery products and the continuation of Nail-making, already established in the medieval period, continued to be nailmaking.’ Derbyshire Extensive Urban Archaeological Assessment Report. important, and with the introduction of blast furnaces for smelting, production 1793 – Construction of Strutts’ third mill, West Mill, began. Belper. Gill Stroud 2004 (para. 1.2) was able to increase markedly. By the early 18th century, Belper’s horse-nails were known as the best in the country and both horse and common nails were 1795 - The hosiery business really took off with the hosier John Ward and his Timeline being exported to America. son opening a warehouse at the southern end of Belper and purchasing their yarn from the Strutts mill. Stockings were the leading product at Belper; also pantaloons, drawers, breeches, gloves and caps. The majority of items were Early Medieval 1721 Lombe’s Silk Mill in Derby opened which brought to England technology which enabled silk to be thrown on driven by power. This was an of cotton, although more expensive versions were produced in silk, including silk hose made for George III and George IV. At present there is no archaeological evidence relating to the early medieval important step towards full-scale factory production as it influenced later development in the cotton industry which took place at nearby period either from the site of Belper or from the surrounding area. Similarly 1794 - completed. there is no documentary evidence for Belper from this period, although it (outside of the Neighbourhood Plan area). The first market was held in Belper on 10 October 1739. has been suggested that the 11th century place-name Bradelei, referred to in 1796 – completed. Domesday Book as part of the manor of Duffield, was subsequently replaced by Belper. 1760 – Pottery manufacturing was established within Belper by this time. 19th Century Medieval 1764 - Turnpike Acts were passed for the Ashbourne to Openwoodgate road (via Belper) and the Belper Bridge to Ripley (via Heage) road, although neither The manufacturing of cotton thread continued to prosper in the Derwent of these particularly enhanced Belper’s transport links. Valley through the 19th century at a level that was sufficient to maintain the Belper is not mentioned by that name in Domesday Book although, as noted mills and their communities. above, it may have been known as Bradley. 1771 - , the world’s first successful water powered cotton mill, was built by Sir . Arkwright’s activities In 1804 the new North Mill built by Strutt began operating. 1231 - The earliest certain reference to Belper comes in 1231, when it is stimulated a surge of industrial growth in the Derwent Valley. His close written as Be(a)urepeir, meaning ‘beautiful retreat’. As such, it is one of the association with entrepreneurs Jedediah Strutt, Thomas Evans and Peter 1805 – The James Hicking designed, Strutt commissioned, ‘cluster’ houses three most important place-names of French origin in the county. Nightingale set in train a series of important development between Belper built in Belper Belper lay within Duffield Frith, one of the smaller royal forests, with a and Derby. They were enlightened employers who displayed a strong sense of circuit of somewhat over 30 miles. The forest was divided for administrative responsibility for their workforce, their dependents and for the communities 1812 - Joseph Bourne added the existing Denby Pottery to his business. purposes into four wards, one of which was Belper Ward. There were a that came into being to serve the new industrial system. As such, the number of separately paled parks within the forest, including Little Belper or developments at Belper, beginning in 1776-77, at Mitford in 1781 provided 1815 - The manufacture of hand-made nails reached its peak when Belper Lady Park. early models for the creation of industrial communities. horse nails were known as the best in the country. The market for nails had The earliest written reference to nail-making in Belper comes from Duchy of been stimulated both by the mills and the Napoleonic wars Lancaster Records for 1314-15. Nails may well have been produced there 1776 - Jedediah Strutt’s first ‘South Mill’ came into operation. even earlier, taking advantage of the easily worked local coal and ironstone The settlement itself underwent rapid change in the industrial period, mainly 1817 - The Belper to Cromford Turnpike Road was established in the valley. deposits. as the result of the establishment of Jedediah Strutt’s cotton mills from c. 1818 - The Strutts opened a school on Long Row for 530 pupils. They had

16 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT provided some education for children working in their mills since the late 18th century. c.1820 – Construction of Strutt commissioned back to backs at Makeney Terrace

1820 - The first iron foundry in Belper was built in Queen Street by Messrs Carr & Bridges, making small cast-iron goods.

1824 - St Peter’s Church was completed.

1825 - Belper had the largest hosiery firms in the world.

In the 1830s, when the Poor Law Union was introduced with its workhouse and administrative offices, Belper became the seat of local government for a wide area.

1830 - Wards and Brettles had undergone an acrimonious separation into two rival businesses, with the result that Belper had two of the largest hosiery firms in the country, although little of the actual work appears to have been carried out in the town. At this time the industry was still essentially domestic, with stockingers coming to the Belper warehouses to collect the silk and cotton yarn and returning the finished goods on a weekly or fortnightly basis.

1833 – whilst nail-making at that time still supported between 300 and 400 ‘hands’, the trade was thought to be in decline. This trend continued through the century and by 1881 the number of Belper nailmakers had dropped to 350.

1834 – Belper pottery works were closed and all production carried on at Denby.

In 1836 Parliamentary assent was given for the construction of a railway linking Derby with Leeds. George and Robert Stephenson were appointed as engineers in chief. The cutting through Belper is walled in gritstone and spanned by eleven bridges.

1840 - The North opened. c. 1849 - Christ Church near Belper Bridge was constructed. 19th Century Bridge Street 1849 - A National School was built at The Butts. c. 1850 - Strutts had an extensive establishment, not only consisting of the cotton spinning mills but also facilities for bleaching, dyeing, foundries and making on their premises. The cotton industry continued under Jedediah Strutt’s descendants and the Strutt mills remained the largest employer of labour in Belper for most of the 19th century, only being narrowly overtaken by Brettles hosiery firm towards the end of the century.

1878 – the ‘New Railway Station’ in the centre of the town was opened.

1882 - A purpose built theatre, the Public Hall, was built near the top of King

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Street. By the middle of the century there was a range of public facilities 1990s - Courtaulds closed their Belper factory, while the iron foundries too reference section contains details of where further information can be found these included a Library and News Room, a Savings Bank and Public Baths. closed down and were later demolished. There has been some replacement on the history of the Neighbourhood Plan area. By the 1890s there were eight inns on the Market Place. of these heavy industries by light industry and by commercial development. By 1896 – there were supposedly 24 fully licensed public houses, 21 beer Heritage Assets: houses and 13 off-licenses. 1990s - Closure of the English Sewing Cotton’s operation at East Mill. The Belper Neighbourhood Plan area contains the Derwent Valley Mills WHS, 1895 - By the end of the century Belper was described by the Bulmer’s 2001 - The Derwent Valley Mills in Derbyshire was inscribed on the World 254 listed buildings and two Registered Parks and Gardens as identified by Directory (1895) as ‘prosperous’ albeit ‘straggling and unattractive’. Heritage List. This international designation confirms the outstanding Historic England on the National Heritage List for England (NHLE). Entries on In common with many other manufacturing towns, there was also importance of the area as the birthplace of the factory system where in the the National Heritage List for England often include more than one individual considerable support for the various non-conformist denominations, and over 18th Century water power was successfully harnessed for textile production. property i.e. a terrace or semi-detached so the number of individual buildings the course of this period a number of chapels were established. There were Tourism is also becoming increasingly important, with the identification of and structure listed will be considerably higher. These are spread over the chapels for the Unitarians, Independents, General Baptists, Particular Baptists, Belper as a key site in the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site (WHS). whole of the Neighbourhood Plan area but are mainly confined in the valley Wesleyan and Primitive Methodists. By the end of the century, these chapels Today the housing and the infrastructure in the settlements of Belper and slopes denoting the importance of the River Derwent to the development of had often been enlarged or rebuilt to accommodate increasing congregations, Milford which were brought into being by industry survive. Collectively they the area. These are shown on figures within the character assessment sections with additional chapels being built in the ever expanding outskirts of the town. illustrate the range of housing types, the mill complexes and the extent of and are listed in Appendix A. These buildings are designated by Historic community infrastructure. Nowhere outside of the Derwent Valley does the England as having special interest by way of their historic and architectural 20th century physical evidence of the early factory community survive in such abundance. interest. However, just because other buildings or features within the area It is the mills, their millponds, weirs and watercourses and the mill workers have not been designated does not mean that they do not have local historic The tradition of textile manufacture survived at Belper well into the 20th cottages that create to form the principal architectural legacy of the Derwent or architectural interest or merit. century. Nail-making had virtually died out by the end of the 19th century. valley mills. The terraces and groups of houses in the Derwent Valley factory settlements exhibit the superior quality of design which derives from Derwent Valley Mills WHS 1912 - Investment in the cotton industry continued with the construction of local vernacular tradition and from an appreciation of Georgian style and the brick-built East Mill by the English Sewing Cotton Company. proportions. The Belper Neighbourhood Plan area contains part of the WHS of the Derwent Valley Mills. 1930 - Hosiery continued to be important by the 1930s Brettles was the Caveat: biggest employer of labour in Belper, later being taken over by Courtaulds. The main reason for the establishment of the World Heritage List was This timeline is not exhaustive and there will be gaps and omissions. It is not to prevent the loss of sites of international significance. In England the 1950s - the English Sewing Cotton Company began demolishing the Belper designed to fully reflect the history of the Neighbourhood Plan area but to Department for Culture, Media and Sport is responsible under the terms of mills, a scheme of site clearance that continued into the early 1960s and saw encapsulate key dates relating to the development of the area that have had an international treaty (the UNESCO World Heritage Convention 1972) for the majority of the industrial buildings disappear. Only the East Mill continued the most significant impact on the heritage and character of the area. The the conservation, management, enhancement and interpretation of World in commercial use, although not for cotton spinning.

19th Century Belper Station 19th Century, North Mill from the south 19th Century, North Mill from the south

18 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Heritage Sites. The Derwent Valley Mills are the birthplace of the factory Its overarching mission is: Listed Buildings system. It was for this reason that they were added to the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2001. This international designation confirms the outstanding To maintain the Outstanding Universal Value of the Derwent Valley Mills There are 254 listed buildings within the Neighbourhood plan area. importance of the area as the birthplace of the factory system where in the World Heritage Site by protecting, conserving, presenting, enhancing and There is one Grade I listed building which is identified by Historic England as 18th Century water power was successfully harnessed for textile production. transmitting its unique culture, heritage, economy and landscape in a having exceptional interest in the national context. This is: sustainable manner. The Statement of Outstanding Universal Value describes succinctly why the • North Mill (NHLE 119928) WHS was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. The Management Plan identifies strategic aims and sets out nine specific objectives and actions to meet these aims. There are also 15 Grade II* listed buildings which are identified by Historic ‘The Derwent valley, upstream from Derby on the southern edge of the England as buildings of more than special interest. These are: Pennines, contains a series of 18th and 19th century cotton mills and an Aim 1: to protect, conserve and enhance the Outstanding Universal Value of industrial landscape of high historical and technological significance. It began the Site. • Ranges to north, east and west of foldyard at Moscow Farm (NHLE 1087352) with the construction of the Silk Mill in Derby in 1721 for the brothers John and Thomas Lombe, which housed machinery for throwing silk, based on an Aim 2: to promote public awareness of and access to the Site. • Ranges to east of house at Moscow Farm(NHLE 10999360 Italian design. The scale, output, and numbers of workers employed were without precedent. However, it was not until Richard Arkwright constructed Aim 3: to promote the development of sustainable tourism within the Site. • Moscow Farmhouse(NHLE 1335721) a water-powered spinning mill at Cromford in 1771, and a second, larger mill in 1776-77 that the “Arkwright System” was truly established. The workers’ Aim 4: to enhance the economic and social wellbeing of the Site and its • north portal (spc 8 21) (NHLE 1366268) housing associated with this and the other mills are intact and span 24km communities. of the Derwent valley from the edge of in the north nearly • Mills occupied by George Brettle and company limited (that part along the centre of Derby in the south. The four principal industrial settlements Aim 5: to promote public understanding of the Site by facilitating research. the Chapel Street frontage, bounded on the north by the 1834 building, of Cromford, Belper, Milford, and are articulated by the river including northern rear wing, and, on the south, by the recessed, single Derwent, the waters of which provided the power to drive the cotton mills. Aim 6: to promote educational use of the Site for formal and informal learning. storey red brick building) (NHLE 1087409) Much of the landscape setting of the mills and the industrial communities, which was much admired in the 18th and early 19th centuries, has survived. Aim 7: to build strong partnerships with volunteers and local, regional and • Unitarian Chapel and Chapel Cottage (NHLE 1348701) In terms of industrial buildings the Derwent valley mills may be considered to national stakeholders. be sui generis in the sense that they were the first of what was to become the • Crossroads Farmhouse (NHLE 1087421) model for factories throughout the world in subsequent centuries. The cultural Aim 8: to work with partners to access funding and deliver projects. landscape of the Derwent valley was where the modern factory system was • Road archway and footbridge (includes offices forming south part of block in developed and established, to accommodate the new technology for spinning Aim 9: to manage the Partnership in an efficient and sustainable manner. east side of archway) (NHLE 1087395) cotton developed by Richard Arkwright and new processes for efficient production. The insertion of industrial establishments into a rural landscape The Government’s responsibilities under the Convention are delegated, by and • Range of farm buildings forming western side of west farmyard at Dalley necessitated the construction of housing for the workers in the mills, and large, to the Derwent Valley Mills Partnership and its Management Plan sets Farm (NHLE 1087430) the resulting settlements created an exceptional industrial landscape. The out how it will meet those responsibilities. The management plan identifies change from water to steam power in the 19th century moved the focus of the what needs to be done to protect the OUV of the WHS now and in the future, • East and south boundary walls to eastern farm yard at Dalley Farm, north industry elsewhere and thus the main attributes of this remarkable cultural and how this will be achieved. and west boundary walls and stone steps to farm complex (NHLE 1087427) landscape were arrested in time.’ Further information can be found at the Derwent Valley Mills official website • Stable range and carriageway entrance dividing east and west farmyards at The Statement of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) lies at the core of http://www.derwentvalleymills.org/ Dalley Farm (NHLE 1087428) effective management and is now incorporated within the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site’s management plan. Schedule Monuments • North wing of Dalley Farmhouse (NHLE 1087426)

The Management Plan looks at the main issues affecting the site and gives There are no scheduled monuments within the Neighbourhood Plan area. • Range of farm buildings fronting north side of east and west farmyards at objectives and a programme of actions to ensure a co-ordinated approach and Dalley Farm (NHLE 1087429) framework to its management. The plan provides the context in which those who live and work occupy or own property in the site or the adjacent buffer • North eastern range of farm buildings at Dalley Farm (l-shaped range zone can participate in, and contribute to, the conservation of the site. The including northern hay barn, corner cart shed and shelter shed at lower adopted Plan is not prescriptive or binding on landowners and management level) (NHLE 1087431) agencies, but aims to set the framework for co-ordinated management and the development of partnerships. In this way, the Management Plan is • Belper river weirs, retaining walls and sluices to Belper river weirs (NHLE intended to enhance the existing plan coverage (such as the local statutory 1335702) plans and local transport plans) and will serve to inform existing and future management documents relating to the area.

19 Registered Parks and Gardens

There are two Registered Parks and Gardens within the Neighbourhood Plan Area. These are:

• River Gardens (NHLE 1001372) Grade II*

• Belper Cemetery (NHLE 1000201) Grade II

Conservation Areas

There are two conservation areas within the Neighbourhood Plan Area, these are:

• Belper Conservation Area

• Milford Conservation Area

Local Listed Buildings

Local Lists play an essential role in building and reinforcing a sense of local character and distinctiveness in the historic environment. They can be used to identify significance local heritage assets to support the development of local plans. There is no formal local list for Amber Borough Council; however, a search of the Derbyshire Historic Environment Record (HER) has identified some buildings and structures that contribute positively to the character and heritage of the area. A full list of these can be found in Appendix A.

The HER is a source of much information regarding heritage assets and should be consulted as part of any application to understand whether any heritage assets have been identified. It is constantly evolving and being added to. More information on this can be found by visiting Derbyshire County Council website http://www.derbyshire.gov.uk/environment/conservation/default.asp

Bridge Hill House built for George Benson Strutt, demolished in 1930’s in face of debts

20 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

CHARACTER ASSESSMENT BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Character Assessment • Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site, stretching from Matlock to Derby, Landscape Character of Derbyshire celebrates the industrial heritage of the 18th and 19th century cotton mills. It includes stone and brick built mill buildings and weirs along the Existing Character Assessments Regionally Belper falls within ‘The Landscape Character of Derbyshire’ River Derwent valley. document. The quality of Derbyshire’s landscape is recognised, in part, by the designation of the Peak District National Park but this document identifies and Existing character assessments have been reviewed to provide some context • Historic mill towns are located along the course of the Derwent. Small recognises the intrinsic qualities of all landscape and focuses on the landscape to this more detailed assessment. The study area falls within National market towns and villages tend to be nestled in valley bottoms, and of Derbyshire outside the National Park designation. Belper is located within Character Area (NCA) 50 Derbyshire Peak Fringe and Lower Derwent, as are characterised by sturdy stone cottages and fine church buildings, with the ‘Derbyshire Peak Fringe and Lower Derwent’ Landscape Character Area. defined by Natural England. This NCA is broad but provides some context to dispersed farmsteads in outlying enclosed land. A summary of the Landscape Character Types found within Belper are listed the character of the study area. The key characteristics of this area which are below: of particular relevance to this assessment are: • The main transport corridors through the Derwent Valley are the local and mainline railways, and also the A6. The A38 main road runs through the Wooded Slopes and Valleys: Undulating, intermediate landform, with gentle • Transitional zone between the Peak District National Park and the heavily east of the NCA, and a number of A-roads cut the grain of the landscape slopes and scattered ancient woodlands. settled Derbyshire Coal Measures, it includes numerous outlying ridges, east to west, providing access to the area and Peak District National Park separated by impressive river valleys. from the surrounding coalfield towns. Griststone Heaths and Commons: Hill summits and steep slopes over sandstone, predominantly pastoral farming. • The main river is the Derwent and its tributaries, which drains to the River Trent and then out to sea via the Humber. Riverside Meadows: flat, broad flood plains containing meandering rivers. • Extensive deciduous woodland along valley slopes, isolated copses on higher ground, hedgerow trees, and some large blocks of conifer plantation all contribute to the overall wooded character.

• Hedgerows are predominantly mixed species – including hawthorn, holly and hazel, with oak and ash hedgerow trees at lower altitudes and remain largely intact; above 200m they are replaced by stone walls.

• Priority habitats include lowland mixed deciduous woodland, wet woodland, grazing marsh, upland heath, and lowland meadows.

Wooded Slopes and Valleys Gritstone Heaths and Commons Riverside Meadows

22 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Character Area Profiles Legend Derwent Valley A6 Matlock A38 Mansfield railway line ± The results of the desk study and fieldwork have been analysed and six distinct Character Area Study characterArea areas have been identified, as shown in Figure 3. These have been informed by the following: Primary Road Secondary Road • Historical development - including street pattern, land use, conservation Railway Station areas and heritage assets; LCA 6: Belper Cemetary and Railway Track LCA 1: Derwent River Valley • Movement - including physical boundaries such as railway lines, roads, Rural Fringe North and Chevin rivers and gateways, nodes and linkages;

• Urban structure and built development - including density and building LCA 3a: height, enclosure, architectural style and detailing; Belper • Land use and levels of activity; Residential LCA 3b: West Belper Parks and Residential West • Green space and public realm - including those with planning policy and statutory protection, and how this relates to buildings and spaces; and

• Views and their contribution to an understanding of character, including the identification of landmarks.

LCA 2: Belper Town Centre, LCA 4: Mills and Belper Western Riverside Industrial Fringe

LCA 6: Bullsmoor and Rural Fringe East

LCA 5: Milford and Makeney

A6 Derby

1 1 0 0 1 1 2 2 3 km3 km A38 Derby

Figure 3: Landscape Character Areas Location Plan Contains OS data Crown copyright (2016)

23 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LCA 01: Derwent River Valley and Chevin Legend Character area Key Characteristics Study Area Listed building • The River Derwent divides the town from the surrounding countryside to the west. Grade II

• This area provides a rural setting to the Derwent Valley Mills WHS. Within Grade II* River Derwent 32 the area industrial buildings and structures extend from Belper into the Woodland 31 29 rural surroundings. 30 Building 27 28 26 Locally Listed Asset B • The river edges of the shallow, meandering River Derwent are defined by 25 24 riparian woodland and marginal vegetation, extending into the Wyver Lane Primary Road A wetland reserve to the west of the river in the north. Secondary Road

• The hillside to the east is named ‘The Chevin’, from the Celtic word Cefn, Local Road Dalley Lane meaning ridge, and forms part of an ancient ridge-route used by Celts, Footway Romans and Anglo Saxons. Railway Station • The majority of views are from higher ground within the agricultural Railway Track 23 22 landscape on The Chevin facing east and overlooking the river valley 20 18 19 21 towards Belper. River 17

16 15 Derwent River Conservation Area 13 14 A517 11 • Scattered gritstone farmsteads with welsh slate roofs contribute to the 12 10 World Heritage Site Blackbrook 9 setting of the WHS. 8 Greenbelt C • There is a network of PRoW connecting Belper to the surrounding rural A Dalley Wash countryside. 7 B Wyver Wetland Reserve Road Green Farnah • Isolated copses of deciduous woodland, hedgerow trees, and large blocks C of conifer plantation all contribute to the overall wooded character. Belper Meadows 6

D Belper Sewage Treatment Works Chevin Road • The area has a mixture of pastoral and arable farmland; arable farming is 5 concentrated on the valley sides and lower valley slopes. D 3 2 4 • There is a patchwork of irregular fields of varying size. Field boundaries are delineated by mixed species hedgerows and dry stone walls.

1

200 0 200 400 600 800 1,000Meters

Figure 4: LCA 1: Derwent River Valley and Chevin Contains OS data Crown copyright (2016)

24 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Topography and hydrology within the urban-rural fringe and includes sports pitches and playing fields. Meadows (there is a closed gate on the western side of the bridge restricting There are isolated, dense patches of woodland located within the area access). Chevin Road connects to the A6 at Milford where is crosses the river. The River Derwent flows southwards through the area and forms the including Wyver Wood and Chapel Plantation to the north. main physical division between the town to the east and the surrounding Settlement and built form countryside to the west. The river follows a sinuous path and its edges are The networks of watercourses are lined with bands of woodland that provide a continuous link for wildlife habitats. Coniferous plantations delineate parts defined by riparian woodland and marginal vegetation. The river and the This character area is predominantly rural and settlement is generally of the southern and western boundaries of the area and these contribute relatively flat, wide floodplain sit at approximately 60m AOD, the steeper land dispersed and typically comprises traditional rural farm buildings or 20th to the overall wooded character. The extensive and isolated Belper Sewage to the east known locally as The Chevin rises to high point of approximately century residential and agricultural buildings. The majority of the properties Treatment Works is situated on the floodplain directly adjacent to the western 180m AOD. The steep sided river valley provides shelter to the urban areas of are detached farmhouses, many of which have been restored or extended. bank of the River Derwent. the town. The action of water on the underlying geology along Black Brook has The consistent use of local stone or red brick and slate roofs enhances the created an enclosed river valley particularly within the higher ground in the rural setting of the area. Distinctive features include; large windows divided west. The landscape opens out as the brook runs east and merges into the Movement and connectivity by sash bars (muntins); window reveals bounded by large sills and lintels River Derwent opposite Belper Meadows. In the north of the area and west and ornamental porches at front entrances; some have been modernised or of the River Derwent is the Wyver Lane Wetland Reserve, which includes two Due to the extensive agricultural fields and the River Derwent, permeability extended, including the introduction of roof lights. Many properties have large pools. though the area is limited in places. The A6 delineates the north eastern driveways some of which are gated, are bound by stone walls and have well boundary but there is no access onto this route from within the area. The maintained cottage gardens. Land use and land cover main route across this area is the A517 Ashbourne Road, which runs east from the centre of Belper west towards Ashbourne. Further movement through There are also rows of terrace properties that are smaller in scale and less This area is a patchwork of irregular fields of varying size comprising a mixture the area is via a number of rural lanes lined predominantly with stone walls. detailed than some of the detached farmhouses such as those located off of pasture and arable farmland. Arable farming is concentrated on the valley Belper Lane, Farnah Green Road and Chevin Road are all well maintained, Daley Lane. Most terraces have small, well maintained gardens. Individual sides and lower valley slopes. Field boundaries are delineated by mixed wide roads. Dalley Lane and Wyver Lane in the north of the area are narrower signage to houses, advertisements to private properties and local businesses species hedgerows and drystone walls. Other land uses include equestrian and single lane in places with no pavements. Wyver Lane provides access to provide variation and a sense of place. facilities, farmsteads, dog kennels and service industries such as pubs, holiday the Wyver Lane Wetland Reserve. homes and hotels. These uses are dispersed and sporadic. There are also some isolated areas of 20th Century residential development, There is a network of public rights of way through the area that provides such as the semi-detached houses on the northern section of Chevin Road, In the north of the area the Wyver Lane Wetland Reserve provides habitat for access to the rural countryside and connection to the town centre of Belper. which are laid out in rows. These houses are built of red brick and concrete resident bird populations such as Canada geese, little grebe and tufted ducks. There are no designated cycle routes within the area but there are a number render with stucco and window surround detailing also with red brick. These There is a viewing hide located on the periphery of the reserve off Wyver of farm tracks that have limited access. There are two bridges within the area properties are set back from the road behind front gardens and are bounded Lane. This area has a tranquil, enclosed and well vegetated setting. The Belper that cross the Derwent River; one from Goods Road providing vehicle access by stone walls, although some gardens have been paved to provide larger Meadows area to the east of the River Derwent forms part of the floodplain to the Belper Sewage Treatment Works, and further north crossing to Belper driveways.

Wyver Lane Wetland Reserve Chevin Road Renovated Stone Farmhouse, Chevin Road

25 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Semi detached properties, Chevin Road Extended stone farmhouse, Dalley Lane Dalley Wash

Renovated red brick farmhouse, Farnah Green Road Stone farmhouse, Chevin Road Red brick, semi detached houses Longwalls Lane

26 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Agricultural buildings within the landscape are generally large scale, occupying large footprints and generally equivalent to two storeys in height. The majority are clad in timber or steel. There are a number of derelict properties and farm buildings that reduce the quality of the area locally. The steel bridge over the River Derwent to Belper Meadows is rusted and overgrown with vegetation, this is evidence of industrial heritage that has not been fully maintained.

Mature trees are dispersed and often isolated within the agricultural landscape. Larger groups of trees tend to be found adjacent to settlements and road networks, where they provide screening. Field boundaries within the agricultural landscape are enclosed by mixed species hedge banks and dry stone walls. Dalley Wash is a Heritage Lottery Funded archaeological site located along the once medieval road of Dalley Lane. The site is believed to be an old well and this area has been enhanced to include a seating area, interpretation panel and stone plaque.

Views

The majority of open views across this area are from higher ground on the Chevin valley sides facing east, overlooking the river valley and the town of Belper. Many of the properties within the Chevin have been sited to maximise views of the town and the landmark North Mill is often visible within the area. Towards the north of the area as the landscape becomes more enclosed views are channelled down small valleys such as the route of Dalley Lane. Within the lower flood plain areas there are views across the flat riparian landscape including Belper Meadows and the Wyver Lane Nature reserve.

Views of Belper town centre from Chevin Road

27 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Heritage assets

This character area is essentially rural with few buildings. The area is mainly Other interesting listed buildings that denote the history and development drive across former parkland to former grounds of Bridge Hill House. Further made up of scattered farm steads many of which were owned and developed of the area include the grade II listed former target and firing butts (NHLE information on these can be found by contacting the HER. in the early to mid-19th century by the Strutt Estate and are known as 1268382) which dates from the c.1800. The firing range was built for the local Model Farms due to the technology that was employed to demonstrate militia, The Belper Volunteer Battalion, raised by Strutt family. The range was improvements in agricultural techniques, efficiency, and building layout. They used during the Napoleonic Wars, and again in 1860, during the Boer War and coincided with the Strutt Estates aspirations and endeavours to improve the First World War. The firing range is important evidence of the part played welfare standards of workers. The model farms associated with the Strutts, by local militias in the national defence strategy of the early 19th century, and and indeed the ideal farm movement more broadly, were designed to be is a rare survival of the period. aesthetically pleasing as well as functional additions to the landscape. There are also numerous non-designated heritage assets identified by the The most impressive surviving examples are Moscow Farm (now converted Derbyshire Historic Environment Record (HER). These include milestones, into houses), Crossroads Farm, Wyver Farm and Dalley Farm. They all contain wells, pumping stations, ammunitions shed and mid-19th century carriage the same innovative features which so interested the Strutts in their factory design - ventilation ducts, iron framing, stone floors and vaulting for fire proofing. The lack of symmetrical formal layout does not detract from the ‘planned’ nature of the farms, but rather increases the interest of these innovative designs. Dalley Farm was probably built in the 1830s. Arrangements include inclined walkways for barrowing feed and a mixing room below a feed store with cylindrical chutes through the floor to deliver food to mixing troughs. The roofs are supported by iron trusses and the ceilings between floors are vaulted. The buildings are well ventilated using cast-iron ventilation grills.

There are 31 listed buildings within this character area. Seven of these are grade II* listed; six of which are associated with Dalley Farmhouse. Crossroads Farmhouse is also Grade II* listed. Both farms are Strutts model farms. Dalley Farm farmstead lies close to Crossroads and though it was constructed predominantly early in the 19th century it was created from an existing 17th century building. The farm was not in Strutt ownership in 1819. The farm contains numerous features of design and construction which are characteristic of the Strutt model farms: the stone vaulted ceilings and flag floors for fire protection; the systems for moving feed stores to feed mixing; the iron roof supports and the unique range for housing wet grain.

Crossroads Farm is located on the outskirts of Belper, to the west. The design and construction of the farm buildings benefited from the techniques pioneered by William Strutt using cast iron components to achieve a fire-proof structure. Externally, massive stone outbuildings flank the handsome ashlar farmhouse. The interior has evidence of ironwork within its construction, notably within the kitchen ceiling which is formed of stone slabs fitted into iron beams. The roof of the hay barn incorporates iron trusses and the farm buildings utilise cast iron columns and brick-arched floors.

Crossroads Farm, which originated as a public house, had changed its name to Model Farm by 1857. Its layout was extremely efficient. At the centre was the corn mill and mixing house. From the mill, threshed corn could be easily transferred to the granary, flour to the bakehouse and straw and chopped or ground food to the animals. The layout also used the sloping site to good effect. The remaining 34 listed buildings within the character area are Grade II and include further farmhouses. Crossroads Farm

28 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Managing Change Issues to be addressed • Belts of woodland on the northern boundaries help to reduce the perception of noise from the A6; Positive aspects of character The following issues have been identified which could be addressed through new development or active management. These are principally related to the • Belts of woodland enclose settlements and reduce the impact of quality of streets and buildings, derelict and vacant sites and the tranquillity of agricultural buildings on views in the surrounding landscape; and There are a number of positive aspects of character which should be the rural setting: sustained, reinforced or enhanced. These relate to the rural, agricultural • Small, rural settlements and farmsteads within the area which contribute landscape setting and high quality, open character of the rural fringe: • Access to urban areas of Belper from the wider landscape is restricted to a to the setting of the WHS are sensitive to infill development due to the few bridges across the River Derwent. urban expansion of Belper. • This area forms the setting of the Derwent Valley Mills WHS and prevents the coalescence of Belper and other rural settlements including Duffield • There are a number of derelict farm buildings dispersed across the area, a and ; boarded up Public House and unused telephone box at Character Management Principles that reduce the quality of the area; • Key views of the Derwent Valley Mills WHS from within the agricultural landscape; In order to address the issues highlighted above, managing change in this • Lanes within rural settlements are unsurfaced which limits access; area should focus on sustaining, reinforcing or enhancing those aspects which • Farnah Green is a discrete rural settlement with well-maintained residential are key contributors to local distinctiveness including small rural settlements, • Traffic on local roads such as Farnah Green Road and Chevin Road disturbs properties built in a vernacular style including local stone and red brick; woodland areas and open agricultural landscape. The following principles tranquillity; and should be considered when defining policies with respect to heritage and • The openness of the higher ground is in contrast to dense urban character: • 20th century residential development not in keeping with local vernacular development within the town; and building materials including gritstone, red brick and Welsh slate • Development should protect and enhance existing blocks and belts of reduces the quality of the area. • A network of designated public rights of way crosses the area and provides woodland and incorporate new planting to further enhance the quality and a good degree of permeability; biodiversity of the area;

• Areas of enclosed, lower lying land in the river valley have a tranquil, Sensitivity to change • Future development in the north of the area should provide a clear remote and rural character; distinction between town and countryside, incorporating new green spaces There are also some elements which are particularly sensitive to change. within and on edges and wherever possible, protect and integrate existing • Roads and lanes are lined with locally distinctive dry stone walls; and These relate to the open, rural character of the setting and woodland areas: vegetation;

• Detached, high quality farmhouses are built with local stone or red brick • In general the open character and structure of the agricultural landscape • Proposals which retain or enhance well-vegetated front gardens that and slate roofs and enhance the rural setting of the area. within this area is sensitive to urban expansion and development pressure demonstrate a strong relationship with are more likely to from Belper and rural settlements; be acceptable than proposals to introduce substantial areas of paving for parking;

• Sympathetic and high quality conversion of redundant industrial and farm buildings, especially those within the WHS, should be supported to create alternative uses;

• Maintain the local geology and traditional buildings that contribute to the rural character of the area by using, promoting and encouraging locally sourced materials and skills for walling, building repairs and construction;

• Strengthen and enhance green infrastructure to mitigate visual intrusion from infrastructure related to the utility, minerals, transport and telecommunications and to maintain and enhance local character; and

• Development should protect the historic network of hedges and drystone walls, for their landscape value, to reduce soil erosion, and to provide habitat corridors for wildlife.

Passageway (Jittie) Closed down Bulls Head Public House

29 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

• A common palette of materials should be developed as part of Design Codes for the area to enhance the quality of the area. This could include directions for the sympathetic use of locally used materials such as gritstone, red brick and Welsh slate with contemporary building materials such as glass, timber and teel.s This will provide continuity to the local vernacular; and

In addition to policy protection, this assessment has identified projects or initiatives which could be financed through the Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) and Section 106 (S106) contributions, or if the project is not eligible for these mechanisms, through other means of funding or delivery. CIL is a tool for local authorities to levy contributions from developers to help deliver infrastructure projects which benefit the local community – for more information, see http://planningguidance.communities.gov.uk/blog/guidance/ community-infrastructure-levy/.

Section 106 agreements are site-specific and put in place to make it possible to approve a planning application that might not otherwise be acceptable in planning terms – for example, the provision of new green space. It is recommended to seek advice from the Local Planning Authority on what types of project can be funded through CIL and S106.

Projects and initiatives identified as having potential to be brought forward by CIL, S106 or other means include:

• The natural character of the River Derwent should be protected and enhanced through active management, natural regeneration and planting of riparian trees;

• Public Rights of Way within the area should be enhanced to improve legibility and access for cyclists within the open countryside. There is opportunity to extend and connect existing footpaths alongside the River Derwent and improve surfaces to provide access for cyclists within this already strong communication corridor;

• Common signage should be developed as part of Design Codes for the area to enhance the quality of the area and improve legibility. This could include a design style for way-finding, tourist information and landmarks that would provide continuity to the urban landscape.

View from Belper Meadows towards Chevin Road

30 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LCA 02: Belper Town Centre, Mills and Legend Legend Riverside Character area ± Character area Study Area Study Area Key Characteristics Listed building Park_and_Gardens 90 Listed building • The area is wholly within the Derwent Valleys Mills WHS boundary and Grade I forms the central urban area of Belper comprising; the town centre, the Grade II Grade I Riverside Public Gardens and the Belper Mills complex. Grade II Grade II* 89 • A series of passageways (Jitties) and designated public rights of way cross Education Grade II* through areas of high density urban development, including routes leading 87 88 86 Important Building Woodland 84 from the railway station. 85 I Education Park and Garden 83 Saint Elizabeth’s • Properties within ‘The Clusters’ are largely aligned east to west and are 82 Catholic Primary Woodland Building 81 School connected by narrow passages forming an almost grid-iron layout. H Building Locally Listed Asset 80 G • Slight variations in detailing and building height create visual interest and Primary Road 79 Primary rhythm. 77 78 Matlock Road (A6) 74 Secondary Secondary Road 76 75 73 • There is a strong active frontage on King Street, Bridge Street, Strutt Street Local Road Long Row Local and Market Place as a result of the concentration of independent shops, Primary and 72 Nursery School Footway Footway 70 71 restaurants, cafés and public houses and car parking facilities. 67 68 66 69 62 56 57 61 RailwayStation 65 50 RailwayStation 52 59 51 • The Derwent Valley railway line, which was designed by George and Robert 55 60 58 63 64 49 RailwayTrack 48 45 54 53 RailwayTrack Stephenson, runs within a deep stone-lined cutting which slices straight 44 43 47 A 46 40 41 39 36 35 37 42 River through the town. The street pattern is largely retained above via bridges. River 38 33 32 34 Conservation Area 31 Conservation Area • The imposing seven storey North Mill is the world’s first and is 28 29 30 27 World Heritage Site the oldest surviving mill within the Belper Mills complex. World Heritage Site 26 25 Greenbelt Greenbelt 24 B • Parks and public spaces within the area are attractive and well maintained. 23 A The Clusters F The Belper River Gardens is a tranquil early 19th Century park next to the 22 C High Street (A609) 21 River Derwent. B St Peter’s Church 20 D 19 16 C Market Place 14 18 17 Nottingham Road (A609) • Due to its central location and urban character this area is well connected 13 15 12 11 King Street via road, rail and footpath. D St John’s Chapel 10 E E Memorial Gardens 9 8 F Belper Railway Station 6 7 5 4 3 2 G North Mill New Road (A609) 1 H Beaurepaire Gardens I Riverside Gardens

200 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 Meters

Figure 5: LCA 2: Belper Town centre, Mills, Riverside Contains OS data Crown copyright (2016)

31 31 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Topography and hydrology

The topography within the town centre is strongly influenced by the River Derwent, which forms a broad valley from north to south. Steep gradients are noticeable along the streets which lead away from the river where buildings climb up the hillside to the east. The land is at approximately 65m AOD at the bottom of the valley at the North Mill and Riverside Gardens. The Horseshoe Weir sits adjacent to the North Mill on the River Derwent where industrial heritage and nature are intimately linked. The weir was engineered to power the mills complex and provides evidence of the human manipulation of the watercourse.

Land use and land cover

The area is wholly within the WHS boundary and forms the central urban area of Belper. It includes the town centre, which is a mix of retail and residential uses including shops, restaurants, cafés, public houses, schools and religious buildings and Belper River Gardens, which contains a bandstand, water features, ornamental gardens, , riverside walkway, children’s playground, boating facilities and a derelict Teahouse. The Belper Mills complex lies at the northern entrance to the town on the A6. Jedediah Strutt developed the mills from the last quarter of the 18th century until it was the world’s largest mill complex under single ownership. Many of these buildings were lost through demolition in the early 1960s. now houses a museum ‘Strutt’s North Mill’, and a visitor centre serving the Derwent Valley.

The Derwent Valley railway line runs through the area from north to south with Belper railway station and associated car parking located centrally within the town north of King Street. There are a number additional large surface level carparks located within the area.

The Memorial Gardens adjacent to King Street and The Beaurepaire Community Gardens to the west of the River adjacent to Bridge Foot are areas of well-maintained public open green space.

There are two schools within the north of the area adjacent to Matlock Road; Saint Elizabeth’s Catholic Primary School and Long Row Primary School Riverside Gardens and Nursery. There are also three religious buildings to the east of the area including St Peters Church on Church Lane, Belper Christian Centre on High Street and St Johns Chapel at The Butts which has been converted to be used by The Belper Heritage Centre and the Town Council. Other community facilities include the Belper Fire Station. The majority of the land within the northern section of this area and west of the Derwent River is residential.

Mature trees are dispersed throughout the area, including larger groups of trees which screen the adjacent railway line and which contribute to the enclosed and leafy character of the area.

32 32 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Movement and connectivity River Gardens where the land opens out to the River. There is also a public up the hillside formed by earlier quarrying or along Belper Lane and Wyver footpath on the western side of the river south towards The Belper Sewage Lane. Roads within this area are narrow and the pavements are limited. The A well connected number of key transport routes lead into the town centre. Treatment Works and east to the Chevin. There are no designated cycle current town centre area along King Street and Bridge Street comprises 19th The A6 is the primary route through Belper and forms the western boundary routes within the area. Century expansion of the commercial centre and therefore the streets and in the south near the town centre and bisects the northern section of the area pavements are wider and more open. Buildings are generally two or three between Riverside Gardens and St Elizabeth’s Catholic Primary School. The Settlement and built form storeys in height and some include decorative ornamentation, such as turrets, A517 in the north of the area crosses the River Derwent and exits Belper west oriel windows and stone banding. Most are constructed from local gritstone to Ashbourne. The A609 skirts the south of the town centre and continues The settlement pattern has been influenced by the topography of the land, or red brick and have pitched roofs with brick chimneys. In contrast, a row of east towards the A38. All the main roads have pavements which provide the path of the River Derwent and the historical evolution of the townscape. shops on King Street, which dates from the latter half of the 20th century is pedestrian access, although these are narrow in places, such as along parts of The Mills and The Clusters form part of 18th Century Belper and therefore plain in design with a flat roof. Some shops along King Street and neighbouring Green Lane. the grain of development within this area is generally fine. ‘The Clusters’ streets have retained original, decorative shop fronts. There are various 20th comprises terraces of small cottages with long gardens arranged on narrow century commercial properties along these streets which have not been There are a number of streets which extend east off the A6, which provide plots along narrow streets. Some include historic nail maker’s workshops sensitive to the local vernacular and as a result reduce the quality of the WHS. structure to the historic core of the town. King Street is the principal retail as an addition. The tight grid-iron layout is locally distinctive. Derbyshire and shopping street and is a shared space for pedestrians and one way traffic gritstone or locally made brick are the predominant building materials and The Derwent Valley railway line passes through the town centre but is largely from the east. ‘The Clusters’ residential area, built by the Strutt Family in the roofs are finished in blue clay tiles or Welsh slate. The majority concealed within a deep cutting. The station platforms are attractively late 18th century for the factory community, has a formal, gridiron street of houses have tall brick chimney stacks which, together with the generally maintained with large swathes of ornamental planting and local artwork. pattern. The roads and pavements within ‘The Clusters’ are very narrow and continuous façade and roofline, create a rhythm along the street. Where the The railway is spanned by eleven bridges and as a result they are a common unsurfaced in places and on street parking is commonplace. The Derwent buildings rise gently up the hill away from the river to the west, windows and feature through the area. Valley railway line runs through the area from north to south; Belper train doors are noticeably out of step with the roofline, which is an interesting and station and associated car parking are located centrally within the town north quirky feature. The houses vary in form from row to row as the Strutt family The North Mill is the oldest surviving mill on the Belper Mills complex of King Street. The line runs from Derby to Matlock on an hourly basis. experimented with different designs but the common use of materials results originally built as the world’s first cotton mill. The mill is multi-storey and in a visually cohesive, attractive and unique mix of housing. As well as the is dominant within the surrounding landscape. The architectural style is There is a series of passageways (locally referred to as Jitties) and designated land on the slopes to the east of the mills, the Strutts also built housing on the industrial with large windows in a grid pattern on each level of the building. An public rights of way through areas of high density development, including south facing slope to the north-west, adjoining their Bridge Hill estate. arched footbridge crosses over the A517 linking the two sides of the former routes leading from the railway station. These Jitties create strong Belper Mills complex. The complex of historic mill buildings provide a visual permeability through the area and provide pedestrians with a network of The housing in this area was developed plot by plot as land became available departure point to the urban setting. The impressive horseshoe weir was built routes to navigate through the town. and as with other areas of the town slight variations in detailing and building to create a head of water to power the West Mill and is responsible for the height create visual interest. Most of the housing is built in short terraces of industrial character of the River Derwent in this area. There is pedestrian access to the river front at North Mill and within Belper three or four houses, mainly in gritstone, though some are in brick, on levels Parks and public spaces are generally attractive and well maintained. The

Derwent Valley railway Line King Street Passageway (Jittie)

33 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Belper River Gardens is a tranquil park next to the Derwent riverside. With many traditional early 19th Century features including ornamental gardens and a bandstand; modern features include a children’s playground. In the north of the park the derelict Teahouse and surrounding fencing reduce the high quality of this area. Other areas of green space include the Memorial Gardens and various flowerbeds within the public realm which are attractively planted and well maintained. There are a number of 20th Century infill developments within the area that have been designed to reflect the local vernacular and industrial heritage. The development at Mill View has a strong character which includes properties that vary in design to reflect the eclectic mix of building styles within the townscape including changes in height and building material between stone and brick, the development makes reference to the window to façade ratios of historic mill buildings in the area. Roof details, lintels and window sills and dry stone walls all show further reference to the local vernacular building style.

Views

Due to the sloping topography of the area properties on higher ground in the east have views facing towards The Chevin and the open countryside in the west, which provides a rural setting to views from within the town centre. To the north west of the River Derwent from Wyver Lane and Belper Lane there are views of the River Derwent and Belper River Gardens that draw Ritz Cinema 20th Century Development, Signpost, Riverside Gardens Window detailing, the waterfront setting into the residential areas. Beyond this are views of the Market Place Long Row (within the Clusters) North Mill and the townscape on higher ground. There are views of the River Derwent from the public walkway adjacent to Belper River Gardens, from the bridge at Bridge Foot and from a viewing platform on the western side of the River adjacent to the Horseshoe Weir.

Nailers workshop, Joseph Street Belper Station Long Row (within the Clusters) Details on front door, Mill Street East Mill

34 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Heritage assets paving and setts, which distinguish them from other streets. The whole of Long Row is still paved in stone setts. George Street, William Street and Joseph This is not a comprehensive list but offers an overview of those buildings This character area is contained entirely within the Derwent Valley Mills World Street jointly form an area known as The Clusters. George Street is wider which positively contribute to the character of the area. These are: Heritage Site. There are 89 listed buildings including one which is Grade I than the other streets because it was the main route that Jedediah Strutt listed and three which are Grade II* listed. The rest are all Grade II listed. The took to the Unitarian Chapel. The houses built by Strutts vary in form as the • School on Long Row character area is also within the Belper Conservation Area. There is also one Strutts experimented with different designs. The result is a visually cohesive, • T.A. Centre on Cluster Road Grade II* Registered Park and Garden within the area. attractive and unique mix of worker’s housing. • Devonshire Terrace • 41-47 Bridge Street The Grade I listed building is North Mill (NHLE 1186846). Belper River Gardens, which is hidden from the main road, was laid out in • Crown Terrace 1905 by Belper Boating Association and at that time it was locally renowned • Christchurch and its Vicarage The three Grade II* listed buildings are: as a public landscaped park, appearing on postcards of the town. Views of The • The Savings Bank (No.114 Bridge Street) Scotches and Wyver Lane are important from here. • The Baptist Chapel • Unitarian chapel and Chapel Cottage (NHLE 1348701) • The Congregational Church Bridge Street has a mixed character with a combination of large detached • St Laurence’s Convent • Road Archway and footbridge (includes offices forming south part of block houses in gardens, public houses and chapels and close knit frontage • The Cedars and Beech lawn in east side of archway) (NHLE 1087395) development. It is evident from the high quality of architectural design and • No.30 and 32 Green lane building materials that the street was of considerable status in the first half of • The Unitarian Sunday School • Belper River Weirs, retaining walls and sluices to Belper River Weirs (NHLE the 19th century, linking the mills with the commercial centre. • Fernslope 1337502) • Fieldhead house King Street is a wider shopping street. It was one of the latest to be developed. • No.1 Chesterfield The registered park and garden is Grade II* River Gardens (NHLE 1001372). It was only in the late 19th century that it became a bustling commercial • St John’s Chapel Modern Belper represents at least four phases of development: the original centre. Prior to this it was rural in character. In 2010 the Belper Police Station • Matthew Smith Almshouses medieval core which centres on the Grade II chapel of St John (NHLE on Field Lane was demolished and replaced with a development of 13 homes. • Former junior school 1335668). Later growth developed down the hill which, by the mid-18th • The Black Swan century included a market place on a lower level than the present one. The Throughout this area there is a mixture of building types and styles of design • Buildings at the corner of Strutt Street and Campbell Street industrial community was established by Jedediah Strutt in the late 18th that contribute to the legibility of the historic townscape and add to the • No36 – 44 King Street (traditional shop fronts) century on the northern edge of the existing settlement, around Belper Foot skyline. A number of buildings or groups of buildings are identified within the • Nos. 22- 34 King street (strong architectural quality) Bridge and up Belper Lane; and in the 19th century there was expansion of the Belper Conservation Area Character Statement. commercial core along King Street and Bridge Street. Further information on the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site can be found at the website http://www.derwentvalleymills.org/ The national significance of Belper is attributable to the part it played in the Further information on the Belper Conservation are can be found on the industrial revolution and its contribution to the factory system of production Amber Valley Borough Council’s Website http://www.ambervalley.gov.uk/ through cotton spinning. The surviving evidence of this is manifest in the environment-and-planning/planning/community-planning/conservation- northern approach to the town where the red brick and stone buildings of areas.aspx Strutt’s mills are prominent. North Mill, apart from Bage’s Mill at Shrewsbury (which has an altered exterior), is the earliest example of a completely iron A full list of Listed buildings can be found in Appendix A or on the Historic framed mill in the world and is certainly the most intact extant example of this England’s National Heritage List for England https://www.historicengland.org. type of construction. It was built 1803-4 by Strutts (designed by William Strutt) uk/listing/the-list/ to replace an earlier mill destroyed by fire. It is an example of their developing constructional innovations, particularly designed to combat fire hazards and to Other buildings that contribute to the heritage and character of the area are provide light and airy working conditions. The attic floor was formerly used as identified on the Derbyshire HER http://www.derbyshire.gov.uk/environment/ a school for children working in the mill. It is largely overshadowed in scale by conservation/default.asp East Mill.

The surviving 18th and 19th century mill buildings do not adequately represent the scale of the developments that were to make such a huge impact on the town. Both a large number of mill buildings and the cuts and sluices network had been removed by the 20th century.

The development of the town proper starts with the ‘Row’ of housing known as Long Row, built by the Strutt family at the end of the 18th century. Long row makes an impressive entrance to this area, approached from Bridge Street. The streets were privately maintained by the Strutts and laid out with stone Long Row

35 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Managing Change • There is an eclectic mix of architectural styles and slight variations in • The derelict Teahouse at Belper River Gardens detracts from the picturesque detailing and building height, which create visual interest; setting adjacent to the River Derwent and reduces the quality of the area. Positive aspects of character • Passageways (Jitties) and PRoW through built up areas provide good permeability through the area; and There are a number of positive aspects of character which should be Sensitivity to change sustained, reinforced or enhanced these relate to historical buildings and • There are examples of 20th Century infill development that has respected street pattern of the WHS, active urban townscape, eclectic local vernacular: There are also some elements which are particularly sensitive to change. the character of the industrial heritage of the area. These relate to: • Historical centre of the town including a high number of successfully restored listed buildings; Issues to be addressed • The visual interest provided as a result of the eclectic mix of architectural styles is sensitive to infill development within the WHS that is not • Landmark features of historical importance, including the North Mill, St The following issues have been identified which could be addressed through considerate to the building style and high quality of the local vernacular; Peter’s Church and Belper River Gardens which provide historical new development or active management. These are principally related to references; restoration of WHS architecture, quality of public realm within WHS, high • Publicly accessible green space, mature trees and vegetation, which volumes of traffic and infill development. contribute to a leafy character surrounding the town centre are susceptible • High provision of publicly accessible green space, mature trees and to infill and residential development within Belper; and vegetation, which contributes to a leafy character surrounding the town • In many places roads are unsurfaced which reduces the quality and centre; continuity of the streetscape; • Dry stone walls that form boundaries and edges to streets provide a sense of place and local vernacular. • Many shops on King Street are independent and have retained original • High levels of traffic and on street parking further deter access and create architectural features and are therefore locally distinctive and provide barriers for pedestrians and cyclists; strong active frontage to the street; • Areas of public realm are surfaced in tarmac such as the Riverside Walkway • Community facilities including Belper Fire Station and Belper Railway at Belper River Gardens which creates a municipal feel to the area, which is Station; and out of context with the historic, rural location;

• Educational facilities including Saint Elizabeth’s Catholic Primary School, • Infill development within the WHS that uses modern materials and lacks an Long Row Primary School and Nursery. attention to vernacular architectural detailing; and

Tree Avenue, St Peter’s Church Bus Depot, Bridge Street Teahouse, Riverside Gardens

36 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Character Management Principles In addition to policy protection, this assessment has identified projects or • Managing the recreational, cultural and educational value of the WHS initiatives which could be financed through the Community Infrastructure features. Maximising these public benefits, while ensuring that local The character of the Belper area described above is the result of a range Levy (CIL) and Section 106 (S106) contributions, or if the project is not eligible environmental capacity is not exceeded and that there is no impact on the of interactions between natural and human processes. This evolution is for these mechanisms, through other means of funding or delivery. CIL is site’s outstanding universal value. supported by the section on historical development, which describes how a tool for local authorities to levy contributions from developers to help the structure and character of the area has changed over time. Together this deliver infrastructure projects which benefit the local community – for more • A strategy for street tree management and replanting should be developed provides a baseline against which change can be monitored and managed. information, see http://planningguidance.communities.gov.uk/blog/guidance/ to increase the age structure of tree stock and range of species to ensure The evolution of the landscape will continue and therefore the management community-infrastructure-levy/. continuous contribution of tree cover to streets, increased diversity and of change is essential to ensure that sustainable social, environmental and resilience to environmental change. economic outcomes are achieved. This section therefore considers various Section 106 agreements are site-specific and put in place to make it possible factors which may influence change and inform the policies set out in the to approve a planning application that might not otherwise be acceptable • Developing educational and interpretation infrastructure to reflect the Belper Neighbourhood Plan: in planning terms – for example, the provision of new green space. It is importance of the environmental characteristics of the area, which were recommended to seek advice from the Local Planning Authority on what types responsible for stimulating early industrial development. • Development within the area should, wherever possible, focus on providing of project can be funded through CIL and S106. a strong retail and community core in order to maintain the vibrant town • Seek opportunities to create new or improve/extend existing cycle routes, centre character. There should be a clear distinction from the surrounding Projects and initiatives identified as having potential to be brought forward by to promote cycling as a recreational pursuit, to improve people’s health and residential areas. Unit sizes in future development should reflect the size CIL, S106 or other means include: well-being, and to provide a form of sustainable transport. and scale of local development;

• Future development within the WHS should demonstrate an understanding of the history and complement the existing materials, architectural detailing and roof lines and retain and enhance original shop fronts;

• Public green space within the urban areas should be protected and enhanced;

• Infill development should reflect the scale, density and roof line of adjacent buildings and in streets where front gardens are common, proposals which retain or enhance well-vegetated front gardens that demonstrate a strong relationship with the street are more likely to be acceptable than proposals to introduce substantial areas of paving for parking;

• A common palette of materials, street furniture and signage should be developed to enhance the quality and legibility of the public realm. Some groups have developed neighbourhood design guidance or design codes which set out standards expected from new development; and

• Sympathetic conversion of redundant industrial buildings especially those within the WHS should be encouraged.

21st Century Development, Mill View

37 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LCA 03a/03b: Mount Pleasant and Belper Residential west, Belper Parks and Residential East

Key Characteristics

• Topography within the western part of the area is strongly influenced by the broad, steep sided valley of the River Derwent

3a 29 • Coppice Brook forms a steep sided valley within the eastern part of the area from north east to south west.

28 27 • Steep gradients are noticeable along the streets which lead away from the 26 24 3b river where buildings climb up the hillside to the east and west. 25 23

Far Laund (B6013) 22 • This area is a mix of predominantly 20th Century suburban residential 20 19 C 21 development interspersed with pockets of historical residential properties. Other complimentary land uses are interspersed throughout including E education and community facilities, recreation and retail. St John’s B 17 C.E. Primary School and Sixth • Belper Parks, which is a Local Nature Reserve located in the south of the 18 16 14 Form Centre area comprises and provides a diverse and tranquil landscape, hidden within 13 12 15 the urban setting which draws the wooded character of the surrounding D Spencer Road (A609) rural landscape into the urban environment. Kilbourne Road (A609) Nottingham Road (A609) 11 • Many of the modern estates are more open, suburban developments, 10 often on cul de sacs where the buildings have larger footprints and private gardens. 9 A • The area has a high provision of recreation grounds and green space but limited high quality public realm. 8 • Due to the sloping topography, rows of terraces and development on higher 7 ground have views across the townscape and surrounding rural landscape. 6 4 5 Legend 3 2 Character area Primary Road Greenbelt 1 Study Area Secondary Road A Belper Parks Listed building Local Road B Whitemoor ecreation Ground Grade II Footway C Whitemoor Medical Centre Education RailwayStation D Belper Leisure Centre RailwayTrack Woodland E Crich Lane Gardens Building River Locally Listed Asset Conservation Area

200 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 Meters World Heritage Site

Figure 6: LCA 3a/3b Mount Pleasant and Belper Residential west, Belper Parks and Contains OS data Crown copyright (2016) Residential East

38 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Topography and hydrology Land use and land cover Small shops and community facilities are distributed throughout the residential estates including the Cooperative Supermarket and The Grey The topography within the western part of the area is strongly influenced This area is predominantly residential but other complimentary land uses are Hound Public House on the corner of Whitemoor Lane and Crescent, by the River Derwent and the broad steep sided valley that has formed as a interspersed throughout. There is a cluster of mixed land use in the east either a cluster of shops adjacent to Gregorys Way including small supermarket, café, result. Steep gradients are noticeable along the streets leading away from the side of Kilburn/Nottingham Road and Whitemoor Lane containing Belper beauty salon, florist and a community centre. river, such as Belper Lane, where buildings step up the hillside. Coppice Brook Leisure Centre, Belper School, Sixth Form College and Pottery Primary School, forms a steep sided valley in the east extending from north east to south west which includes open sports fields and is enclosed by residential properties and There is a high quantity of public green space, including small recreation and joining the River Derwent between Morrison’s Supermarket and Belper estates. Whitemoor Lane recreation ground includes large open playing fields grounds and children’s playgrounds also distributed within the residential Rugby Union Club. The highest points within the area are approximately 141m again enclosed by residential properties and estates. The Valliant Industrial estates. Belper Parks is a Local Nature Reserve located in the south of the AOD in the west at Belper Lane End and approximately 166m AOD in the east Estate on the urban fringe and the Whitemoor Medical Centre also lie in the area. The park comprises varied grassland, deciduous woodland and pockets at Crich Lane. east. Other educational and community facilities in the area include St John’s of scrub land, together with a bluebell wood and a wildflower meadow that C.E. Primary School, Whitemoor Day Centre and Belper Primary School. integrates Coppice Brook. Mature trees, including larger groups of trees for screening adjacent to the community facilities and recreation ground are dispersed throughout and contribute to the leafy character to the urban landscape.

Herbett Strutt Primary School

Cherry Tree Avenue Whitemoor recreation ground

39 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Movement and connectivity The Derwent Valley railway line runs through the south western section of the The area sits within the WHS and as a result there are pockets of historical area in the lower valley and is largely hidden within a steep embankment and properties and terraces. Most of the tightly packed terraces which line the The A609 is the primary route through the eastern part of the area. The road dense screening of mature trees. There are no stations within the area. streets have very little or no front garden but generally long back gardens. The runs from the A6 roundabout at Derby Road east towards Openwoodgate architecture of properties varies slightly in style and scale but are typically where it forms the urban edge. This is a busy road and becomes very narrow There is a network of passageways (Jitties) and designated public rights of constructed from Derbyshire gritstone or locally made brick, and roofed with in places with on-street parking and two lane traffic. Within the area to the way through high density residential areas and within the Belper Parks Nature Staffordshire blue clay tiles or Welsh slate. There is noticeable use of colour west of the River Derwent the busy primary routes are the two-lane A517 Reserve. The Jitties offer strong permeability and provide pedestrians with within the detailing of the properties such as window frames and doors which (south), which has no on street parking and Belper Lane (north), which suffers a network of routes to navigate through the town. There are no designated adds variety and vibrancy to the area. from street parking restricting the flow of traffic. cycle routes within the area. Overall the area has a high provision of recreation and green spaces but Other primary routes within the area border large areas of planned housing Settlement and built form limited high quality public realm. The largest area of green space is the Belper development laid out in the 20th century. These estates are often laid out on Parks Nature Reserve, which provides a diverse and tranquil landscape, cul de sacs or circular road networks which limit the permeability of the area. The urban fabric is dense emphasised by the 20th century infill development, hidden within the urban setting. There are a number of sculptures and cultural Street layouts are wider on the modern developments and private driveways which is widespread. Many of the estates are more open, comprising large initiatives, such as a local poems inscribed on the timber steps within the are more common. As a result, on-street parking is reduced. detached or semi-detached houses with private gardens developed to a park, and a footbridge designed by local school children that reflects a strong standard design providing little or no reference to the local vernacular. community link to the Park.

Belper Lane Passageway (Jittie) Holbrook Road

Oakhurst Close Canada Street Swinney Lane

40 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Spencer Grove, Care Home Valley of Coppice Brook Properties built on steep slope Terrace properties, Stanton Avenue

View from Bullsmoor

21st century development, Rookery Close, 19th century terrace properties, Kilbourne Road. Residential properties on urban fringe, Bargate Road.

Whitemoor Medical Centre, stone structure and slate roof, glass panels and windows Red brick, some with render, slate roofs, large lintels and window sills. On street parking Terrace properties abutting the street, semi detached properties set away fromthe for detailing, trees and landscaping. reduces the quality of the properties. street above a grass verge.

Residential properties, mix of red brick and render, grey concrete tiles on roof, sills and lintels and variety in scale of properties mirror historic development in Belper. White PVC windows reduce the quality of development.

41 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

The Whitemoor Lane recreation ground is a community facility that provides Views formal and informal recreation including sports pitches, Belper Pottery Bowl Club and a timber children’s playground. The southern boundary is lined Due to the sloping topography, there are views of the townscape and with a local dry stone wall which contributes to the sense of place. This open surrounding rural landscape from the rows of terraces and development on space creates a gap within high density areas and defines the edges of the higher ground. Properties to the west of the River Derwent are orientated neighbouring housing estates. east with views of the WHS including the town centre and North Mill.

Numerous other designated recreation facilities are distributed throughout Properties facing south towards Coppice Brook have intimate views of the the area and provide facilities such as children’s playgrounds. These areas vary valley and Belper Parks Nature Reserve. At the highpoint on Chesterfield Road in quality and show little reference to the local vernacular or location within there are sweeping views across the WHS, the valley of the River Derwent and the WHS. Crich Lane Gardens is a quiet, urban green space in the north east The Chevin beyond. The views within the small park south of Stoneyfield Bank of the area with ornamental shrubs and bounded by characterful stone wall. are restricted due to the poor management of overgrown trees. However, a lack of tree maintenance has restricted views of the WHS and across the Derwent Valley to the Chevin. This area sits on the urban-rural fringe of Belper and therefore there are views of the local rural landscape from the roads and properties on the boundaries.

Crich Lane Gardens View over WHS from Crich Lane

Hedges delineate boundary of urban fringe, Whitemoor Lane View of WHS from Hillside Rise

42 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Heritage Assets Further information

Further information on the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site can be 3a. Mount Pleasant and Belper Residential West found at the website http://www.derwentvalleymills.org/ Further information on the Belper Conservation are can be found on the There are ten listed buildings within this character area all of which are Grade Amber Valley Borough Council’s Website http://www.ambervalley.gov.uk/ II listed and are situated on Belper Lane. The small settlement of The Scotches environment-and-planning/planning/community-planning/conservation- and Belper Lane to the west and North of Belper Bridge may have medieval areas.aspx origins. It was important strategically at a principal crossing point of the river and near the Matlock Turnpike Road. The Talbot Hotel which stands at A full list of Listed buildings can be found in Appendix A or on the Historic the junction of Ashborne Road and Belper Lane is an important focal point. England’s National Heritage List for England https://www.historicengland.org. The row of late 18th century cottages face the road in a group called Mount uk/listing/the-list/ Pleasant. At the west side of Belper Lane there are a number of small cottages, most of which were built by the Strutt estate to house mill workers. Cottages Other buildings that contribute to the heritage and character of the area are were probably built with this aspect to face the clock on the former West Mill. identified on the Derbyshire HER http://www.derbyshire.gov.uk/environment/ conservation/default.asp To the rear was Bridgehill House and its gardens, built by George Benson Strutt and demolished in 1935. This was described in the Journal of Horticultural and Cottage Gardener in 1864 as ‘a magnificent residence…on the slope of a lofty hill, and commands a pleasing view of the beautiful town and neighbourhood of Belper’. The writer describes ‘gardens of five acres and ornamental grounds of seventeen acres…The Owner…looks after the homes and habitations of the working classes; for there is no town, I should suppose, better supplied with good and commodious dwellings at such extremely low rents, as the town of Belper’.

The former east lodge to Bridgehill House, at the corner of Lodge Drive, still survives. In addition the listed Ice house and vaulted cellars of Bridgehill House, Grade II listed (NHLE 1419077) still survive. They were built as service facilities for Bridge Hill House.

3b. Belper Park and Residential East

There are 19 Grade II listed buildings within this character area. These are mainly residential houses dating from the late 18th to early 19th century that are surrounded by later 20th century development. An interesting and non-designated feature of this area is the former windmill on windmill lane. The tower windmill was constructed above the town of Belper in 1796. In 1801 it was offered to let, when it was described as ‘almost new, two pairs of stones, dressing machine’. A photograph taken prior to 1891 shows it to be a squat tower mill with three floors, a dark ogee cap and a fantail and staging. It had two common sails and two spring sails. The mill was listed by Farey and appears on Greenwood’s map of 1825. An advertisement of 1851 states that the mill was equipped with a pair of French and a pair of Derbyshire stones, a flour machine and a drying kiln. The 1884 OS map shows the mill to be disused and in 1891 all the machinery was removed and the tower was converted into a house, which is still occupied. Today it lies within a residential area of 20th century housing.

There are also numerous other non-designated heritage assets identified by the Derbyshire Historic Environment Record (HER). The Talbot Hotel

43 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Managing Change Issues to be addressed Sensitivity to change

Positive aspects of character The following issues have been identified which could be addressed through There are also some elements which are particularly sensitive to change. new development or active management. These are principally loss of historic These relate to quality and setting of the WHS, public green space and private There are a number of positive aspects of character which should be street pattern, scale of historic townscape, quality of the local vernacular and front gardens: sustained, reinforced or enhanced. These relate to views of the WHS, location the loss of front gardens: of the townscape on steep sloping topography and abundance of green space • Public green space within the dense residential estates; and strong permeability: • Removal of front gardens and vegetation to create driveways for off- street parking; • Quality and setting of the WHS is sensitive to infill and residential • Views of the WHS and Derwent River Valley from the west of the area set development that is not considerate to the distinct building style and high the scene of the industrial urban setting within a broad river valley; • The scale of suburban development is in places larger than the local context, quality of the local vernacular including redbrick and gritstone buildings, which reduces the intimacy of the area; eclectic detailing and architectural style and enclosed streets layouts. • Due to the sloping topography, views of the townscape and surrounding rural landscape from rows of terraces and development on higher ground • High levels of traffic and on street parking further deter access and create • Street trees contribute to the individual character of each street and the provide an intimate and tranquil setting; barriers for pedestrians and cyclists; gradual loss of these trees could erode the quality of the area;

• Public green space, which includes sports pitches, high quality children’s • Urban expansion and development within the WHS that uses modern • Private front gardens, which create an attractive edge to the streets; playgrounds and public footpath networks; materials and lacks an attention to vernacular architectural detailing; • Small blocks and belts of woodland which divide the adjacent housing • There are a large number of PRoW through the residential areas that provide • Lack of cycle routes. estates and provide a clear boundary to development. strong permeability within the area; • Dry stone walls that form boundaries and edges to streets provide a sense of • The area has a high provision of community facilities including Belper place and local vernacular. Pottery Bowling Club, Whitemoor Lane Medical Centre, Belper Leisure Centre, Belper School, Sixth Form College and Pottery Primary School;

• Passageways (Jitties) are locally distinctive and Public Rights of Way through built up areas provide permeability and access through the area; and

• Stone walls and mature tress reflect the local vernacular and bring the industrial heritage into the suburban townscape.

Three Cornered Rec

44 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Character Management Principles In addition to policy protection, this assessment has identified projects or Projects and initiatives identified as having potential to be brought forward by initiatives which could be financed through the Community Infrastructure CIL, S106 or other means include: In order to address the issues highlighted above, managing change in this area Levy (CIL) and Section 106 (S106) contributions, or if the project is not eligible should focus on sustaining, reinforcing or enhancing those aspects which are for these mechanisms, through other means of funding or delivery. CIL is • Public Rights of Way and other pedestrian routes through the area should key contributors to local distinctiveness including the quality and setting of a tool for local authorities to levy contributions from developers to help be maintained to provide safe, legible and attractive environments for the WHS, recreational and green space and the urban fringe. The following deliver infrastructure projects which benefit the local community – for more pedestrians and cyclists. principles should be considered when defining policies with respect to information, see http://planningguidance.communities.gov.uk/blog/guidance/ heritage and character: community-infrastructure-levy/. • A strategy for street tree management and replanting should be developed to increase the age structure of tree stock and range of species to ensure • Future development of and adjacent to local retail and community areas, Section 106 agreements are site-specific and put in place to make it possible continuous contribution of tree cover to streets, increased diversity and such as adjacent to Gregory’s Way, should consider how to enhance the to approve a planning application that might not otherwise be acceptable resilience to environmental change. quality and distinctiveness of the public realm to create a destination for the in planning terms – for example, the provision of new green space. It is community and visitors. recommended to seek advice from the Local Planning Authority on what types of project can be funded through CIL and S106. • Future development within the Belper WHS should retain and enhance original shop fronts. Designs should demonstrate an understanding of the history and complement the existing materials, architectural detailing and building and roof lines.

• Areas of green space should be designed and managed to provide attractive and functional areas for residents and visitors. This may include play equipment, seating, lighting and sculptures. The landscape should be designed to complement the local building style and reference the WHS location.

• Proposals which retain or enhance well-vegetated front gardens that demonstrate a strong relationship with the street are more likely to be acceptable than proposals to introduce substantial areas of paving for parking.

• A common palette of materials, street furniture and signage should be further developed to enhance the quality and legibility of the public realm. Some groups have developed neighbourhood design guidance or design codes which set out standards expected from new development;

• The materials proposed for any new development should be responsive to the vernacular style and materials of the area. Some groups have developed neighbourhood design guidance or design codes which set out standards expected from new development;

• Investigating the scope for creating community woodland, particularly in urban fringe areas, as part of improving high-quality, accessible green infrastructure around existing and new developments.

• Seeking opportunities to create new or improve/extend existing cycle routes, to promote cycling as a recreational pursuit, to improve people’s health and well-being, and to provide a form of sustainable transport.

• Future redevelopment within or surrounding Belper Parks Nature Reserve should retain and enhance the tranquil character and setting of this landmark landscape. Designs should demonstrate an understanding of the history and ecology of the landscape and complement the existing materials and architectural detailing. Whitemoor Medical Centre

45 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LCA 04: Belper Western Industrial Fringe Legend Character area Study Area Key Characteristics 27 Listed building • Characterised by a collection of commercial, retail, leisure and recreation uses, and the local Hospital although these are not generally mixed. Grade II C Grade II* • Sits within the low lying valley of the meandering River Derwent, 26 23 25 Medical Care surrounded by areas of higher ground. 24 22 21 Woodland • Sits within the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site 20 Building 19 • The River Derwent forms a physical boundary between the rural landscape Locally Listed Asset and urban development. Primary Road 18B Secondary Road • The industrial estates are lined with dense vegetation and mature trees 17 both on the boundaries and within internal blocks and are therefore highly Local Road enclosed. 16 15 Footway • In the north east of the area the mixture of building types and styles of RailwayStation 14 design contribute to the diverse character of the street and skyline within 13 RailwayTrack 9 11 12 the WHS. D 8 7 6 5 4 3 River 10 • The Grade II listed Babington Hospital, flanked across the road by the A Derby Road (A6) World Heritage Site former Edwardian school (now Strutt’s Community Centre) forms part of the impressive southern gateway to the town Greenbelt

E A • Abandoned industrial buildings on the back lands which reduces the quality 2 Babington Hospital of the area. B De Bradelei Stores

C • The visual experience and quality of the area is enhanced by clear views of Belper Town Football Club the Chevin Ridge to the west beyond the River Derwent. D Belper Rugby Club E Goods Road Industrial Estate

1 F Derwentside Industrial Estate

Derby Road (A6) F

200 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 Meters

Figure 7: LCA 4: Belper Western Industrial Fringe Contains OS data Crown copyright (2016)

46 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Topography and hydrology

This low lying area sits at the base of the valley of the River Derwent and is surrounded by ridges of higher ground. The River Derwent provides a physical boundary between the rural and urban landscapes and land lies at approximately 60m AOD on the valley floor. Coppice Brook bisects the centre as it runs from higher ground in the east to the lower river valley in the west where it joins the River Derwent.

Land use and land cover

This area is a characterised by a collection of commercial, retail, leisure and recreation uses, and the local Hospital although these are not generally mixed. The Derwent Industrial Estate and Goods Road Industrial Estate are both located in the south of the area either side of the Derby Road (A6). Babington Hospital, Belper Rugby Union Football Club and a row of terraced houses are located centrally between the industrial estates and the path of Coppice Brook where it joins the River Derwent; the brook is hidden by development and screening of mature trees.

There is an area of retail facilities at the roundabout where Derby Road (A6) meets New Road (A609). This includes a Morrison’s supermarket, a large construction site for a further supermarket and a cluster of shopping outlets centred on a restored mill with internal courtyard. This area includes a petrol station and large areas of car parking.

In the north east there are a number of operational industrial mills with various uses including industry, office space and business, others are unused or derelict. There are also religious buildings adjacent to Bridge Street (A6) including the Belper Central Methodist Church, Belper Baptist Church, Christ Church and the Belper Library and Information Centre. Views across Belper Meadows Cricket Ground

The north west of the area is known locally as Belper Meadows and is used predominantly for recreation and sports by groups including The Belper Football Club, Belper Hockey Club, Belper Meadows Tennis Club and Belper Meadows Cricket Club. Between the built up areas of Belper Meadows and the river there is a large strip of agricultural pasture and wetland scrub.

Bridge across River Derwent from Goods Road Derelict Mill, Derwent Street

47 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Movement and connectivity Some of the roads in the north, particularly around Belper Meadows and generally equivalent to 2-4 storeys in height. The buildings within the estates the sporting facilities, are unsurfaced which reduces the quality of these are generally metal clad with flat or shallow pitched roofs and few windows. The A6 (Derby Road, Chapel Street, Bridge Street) is the primary route that connections. Car parks and extensive areas of hard-standing are common, particularly runs through Belper and forms the eastern boundary of this area. The A6 is a internally to blocks. Prominent signage and advertising hoardings, coloured narrow, busy road with pavements on either side. Parking is prohibited except Settlement and built form architectural trim and window and door details create variety and differentiate where there are rows of residential properties where the on street parking between different businesses and uses. restricts the flow of traffic. This area sits on the western urban edge of Belper and is separated from the main town by the busy A6 on the eastern boundary. The River Derwent forms The Grade II listed Babington Hospital forms part of the impressive southern Vehicular access into this area is via roads leading off from the A6. These loop a physical boundary between the rural landscape and urban development. The gateway to the town, flanked across the road by the Edwardian school, now roads are not connected, resulting in poor permeability and legibility. sparse street pattern defines large blocks and pockets of development which Strutt’s Community Centre. The Morrison’s supermarket is a two storey Pedestrian access both to and within the area is relatively good. There are a are bounded by the river and the vegetation along its banks. building with angled roof features that break up the mass of the building. number of pedestrian crossings on the A6 and wide pavements within the industrial estates provide access. There is a good network of public rights of The industrial estates are also lined with dense vegetation and mature trees, There is a large commercial construction site for a new supermarket adjacent way, particularly at Belper Meadows and adjacent to the River Derwent that both on the boundaries and within internal blocks and are therefore highly to the existing supermarket. Car parks and extensive areas of hard-standing provide access to the countryside and connections to the town centre of enclosed. Buildings are typically large scale, occupying large footprints and are are divided by with ornamental planting and street trees. Belper. There are no designated cycle routes within the area.

The Orangery, Chapel Street, Belper Supermarket, Chapel Street Avenue of trees, Belper Rugby Club

Industrial buildings, Goods Road Bridge Street Meadow View

48 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

At the south of Chapel Street the De Bradelei House is a unique shopping outlet set in a attractively restored mill with the shops facing onto a courtyard. There is a fast food outlet located in the Orangery building that has been sensitively restored to respect the local vernacular and heritage of the building including red brick detailing surrounding windows and doors, ornamental window frames and Welsh slate roof tiles.

In the north east of the area along Bridge Street the mixture of building types and styles contribute to the diverse character of the street and skyline. There are a number of large detached houses with large gardens such as the Belper Library, an example of a former house with a large garden, although it has been modified to provide the library with an adjacent car park it still retains its domestic character and contributes to the overall character and appearance of Bridge Street. Other buildings include public houses, chapels and retail outlets that contribute to a strong active frontage. The continuity has been damaged where buildings and walls have been demolished or not replaced and there is a group of abandoned industrial buildings on the back lands which further reduce the quality of the area. The large open fields within the agricultural landscape at Belper Meadows are in contrast to the dense urban development. They are bounded by mixed species hedge banks and patches of woodland, which provide enclosure and tranquillity adjacent to the River Derwent. Sports pitches, whilst they have modified the pastoral landscape setting have not destroyed the important quality of the area and its contribution to the setting of the town and the rest of the character of the area. The soft and hard landscape creates a sinuous edge to the area with rear gardens and wilder areas drawing the softer, more natural elements into the urban townscape.

Views

The open parts of the area allow clear views of the Chevin Ridge to the west Babington Hospital beyond the River Derwent. There are frequent glimpses and views formed between buildings of the ridge and the meadows from the A6 which reinforce the proximity and influence of the countryside on the urban fabric.

Chapel Street Factory, Bridgefoot De Bradelei House, Chapel Street

49 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Heritage Assets opposite that is now Babbington Hospital. Located to the west of the former Further information school are the Herbert Strutt Public Baths and attached Caretaker’s House, also Grade II (NHLE 1100259). There are 26 listed buildings identified within this character area. One is the Further information on the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site can be Babbington Hospital, formerly the Belper Union Workhouse, is a grade II listed Grade I listed North Mill. Another is Grade II* listed; the rest are Grade II found at the website http://www.derwentvalleymills.org/ building. listed. Further information on the Belper Conservation are can be found on the Now the Babington Hospital on Derby Road, in its original form, it was the The Grade I listed building is the Brettle’s Hosiery Warehouse & Factory Amber Valley Borough Council’s Website http://www.ambervalley.gov.uk/ workhouse for the Belper Union of Parishes. The original buildings were (NHLE 1087409) on Chapel Street. The mills were built in 1834. It is a large environment-and-planning/planning/community-planning/conservation- designed by . Its construction followed the passing of the stone building of three storeys constructed from ashlar with a slate roof and areas.aspx 1836 Poor Law Act which created the parish unions and laid the responsibility a symmetrical classical façade runs along the Chapel Street frontage, with for caring for the destitute, elderly and infirm, upon these unions. They adjoining parts to the south. There is a segmental arched entrance with A full list of Listed buildings can be found in Appendix A or on the Historic form an imposing collection of institutional buildings along Derby Road and a keystone at the south side of the centre section with a mounting block England’s National Heritage List for England https://www.historicengland.org. demonstrate the pervasive influence that Strutt had on the Belper community. adjoining this. The 1834 building was originally a warehouse for the domestic uk/listing/the-list/ There are also numerous other non-designated heritage assets identified by framework knitting industry. the Derbyshire Historic Environment Record (HER). Other buildings that contribute to the heritage and character of the area are Brettle’s hosiery warehouse and factory is a large stone-built warehouse. In identified on the Derbyshire HER http://www.derbyshire.gov.uk/environment/ 1834 the Brettle and Ward partnership broke up and soon afterwards both conservation/default.asp firms built steam-powered factories, filled with knitting machines making stockings and other garments. Most of the buildings were built between 1834 and 1835 and the two factory extensions were added before 1872. The main building has an austere classical façade with a pediment at each side. Brettle’s retained the family name when George Brettle died. By the 1930s Brettle’s was the biggest employer in Belper. The firm was taken over by Courtaulds in 1964 and eventually closed down in 1987. The main building was then redesigned for use as Factory Shops and office accommodation under the collective name of De Bradelei House.

In close association is the Grade II listed Former Hosiery Warehouse, although it is listed as a warehouse now occupied by Dalton & Co Lid Silkolene Lubricants (NHLE 1087384). The former warehouse was erected between 1802 and 1834. It was originally a warehouse owned by the Ward family and rented out to the Ward, Brettle& Ward Company, later George Brettle & Co. The process of owning, running, supplying and retrieving goods from a large number of stocking frames operating within a 20 mile radius of Belper area meant that large warehouses were required for the purpose of distribution. The premises in Belper were described as being ‘lately enlarged’ in 1812, and this appears to have included the addition of a Trim Shop built at right angles to the original warehouse structure. The warehouse suffered a fire in 1849 but the shell at least appears to have survived. It became part of the Silkolene Oil refinery complex having been sold to Dalton and Co in 1930. A fire in 1938 caused further damage to the building, apparently destroying the roof structure and dome. It is now unoccupied and appears to be in a poor condition.

South of the hosiery warehouses are the imposing building of Herbert Strutt School and Babbington Hospital. Herbert Strutt School, now called the Strutt Centre, is a Grade II listed building (NHLE 1349048), built in 1908 by architects Hunter and Woodhouse of Belper. The patron was G H Strutt. Essentially a symmetrical composition, the school stands in an embanked garden above the road. Built with stone from Strutt quarry in Makeney, rusticated with Matlock stone dressings and a Westmoreland green slated roof built in the Jacobean style. The building is designed to harmonise with G Scott’s workhouse Photographs show Babington Hospital

50 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Managing Change • Industrial buildings such as the De Bradelei Stores have been sensitively Sensitivity to change restored and show consideration for the WHS location including scale, mass Positive aspects of character and materials. There are also some elements which are particularly sensitive to change. These relate to the setting of the WHS, belts of woodland and the urban There are a number of positive aspects of character which should be Issues to be addressed fringe: sustained, reinforced or enhanced. These relate to the quality and setting of the WHS, the location on the urban fringe and land adjacent to the River The following issues have been identified which could be addressed through • In general the open character and structure and rural landscape within the Derwent: new development or active management. These are principally related to the river valley is sensitive to urban expansion and development pressure from quality of the road networks, derelict buildings, quality of public open space Belper as the retail and industrial areas expand; • Key views of the WHS from within the open landscape, particularly Belper and way-finding: Meadows; • Belts of woodland on the southern boundaries which help to reduce the • Unsurfaced roads and pathways reduce the permeability and quality of the perception of noise from the A6; • A network of designated public rights of way crosses the area and provides area; permeability; • Belts of woodland enclose settlements and reduce the visual impact of • Visual aesthetics and noise of cars on the busy A6 disturb tranquillity; modern industrial buildings on views in the surrounding landscape; • Areas of enclosed, lower lying land have a tranquil, remote and rural character; • 20th century development is in strong contrast to the unity of the former • Land in the north west of the area adjacent to Belper Meadows is mill buildings within the WHS; particularly sensitive to the urban expansion of Belper as the retail and • Distinctive dry stone walls; industrial areas expand; and • The group of abandoned industrial buildings on the back lands reduces the • Detached, high quality properties are built with local stone or red brick and quality of the area; • Clear views of the Chevin Ridge to the west beyond the river. Welsh slate roofs enhance the rural setting of the area. • The continuity of Bridge Street has been damaged where buildings and • The Grade II listed Babington Hospital contributes to the industrial walls have been demolished or not replaced; character of this area. A former Victorian workhouse the stone building is 5 storeys in places and predominant in the surrounding landscape. Features • Access for cycling through the area is limited; such as dormers and turrets in the roof and the separate Gatehouse building at the entrance add grandeur and quality to the architecture; • Signage and advertisements, particularly close to sporting facilities, are not in keeping with the quality and simplicity of the WHS; and • Dense, mature vegetation divides and conceals the Industrial Estates effectively enclosing the areas; and • Legibility and signage for Public rights of Way and WHS Landmarks is poor.

Internal courtyard, De Bradelei House Derelict Mills, Derwent Street Belper Meadows, Tennis Club

51 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Character Management Principles In addition ot policy protection, this assessment has identified projects or initiatives which could be financed through CIL or s106 contributions or In order to address the issues highlighted above, managing change in this delivered by volunteers, for example: area should focus on sustaining, reinforcing or enhancing those aspects which contribute to the setting of the WHS, the wooded character and setting on the • The natural character of the River Derwent should be protected and urban fridge and the industrial character. The following principles should be enhanced through active management; considered when defining policies with respect to heritage and character: • Public Rights of Way within the area should be protected and enhanced to • Development should protect and enhance existing blocks and belts of improve legibility and access for cyclists within the open countryside. woodland and incorporate new planting to further enhance the quality and biodiversity of the area;

• Future development in the north of the area should provide a clear distinction between town and countryside and incorporate new green spaces and wherever possible, protecting and integrating existing vegetation.

• Proposals which retain or enhance well-vegetated front gardens that demonstrate a strong relationship with the street are more likely to be acceptable than proposals to introduce substantial areas of paving for parking.

• A common palette of materials and signage should be further developed to enhance the quality of the area and improve legibility.

• The pattern and design of any new development within the WHS should reflect the industrial character of the area including commercial scale buildings similar to the industrial mills seen in this area. This should include materials such as stone and red brick. Some groups have developed neighbourhood design guidance or design codes which set out standards expected from new development; and

• Development should, wherever possible, provide a mix of uses including industry, commerce and tourism in order to maintain and enhance the vibrant character.

Future development within the Belper Conservation Area should demonstrate an understanding of the history and industrial quality of the area. It should respect the scale, building plots, height and roof line and complement existing materials and architectural detailing:

• New development should maintain and enhance access to the River Derwent and should retain open views across the valley from key vantage points;

• The Grade II listed Babington Hospital is especially important that it should be well looked after, any new use found for the building and its grounds should respect its history and character.

21st Century Residential Development, Leighton Way

52 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LCA 05: Milford and Makeney

Key Characteristics

• Milford and Makeney are two small, rural settlements situated in a steep and narrow section of the valley of the River Derwent, south of Belper.

66 • The topography of the steep sided valley has strongly influenced the linear Legend pattern of development in Milford. Character area

• Running north to south through the river valley and the centre of the area Chevin Road 65 Study Area Derby Road (A6) there are several communication corridors including the A6 (Derby Road) 64 63 61 Listed building 60 62 main road, the Derwent Valley railway line and the River Derwent. 59 58 57 55 50 Grade II A51 56 52 • The southern entry to Milford via the A6 (Derby Road) main road from 53 49 54 Derby adjacent to the Srutt Arms forms a physical gateway to the WHS. Grade II* 46 47 48 45 B Education 43 • This area is a characterised by buildings and infrastructure which survive 40 44 42 41 C 36 38 Medical Care 39 28 37 from a series of former textile mills, many of which were demolished in the 27 31 34 32 24 33 29 26 1960’s. 21 30 35 Woodland 20 25 23 19 18 22 • Gritstone mill workers houses, such as those at , hug the hillside, Building D 17 following the contour lines of the valley side and making use of the slope to Locally Listed Asset 16 provide an extra storey on the ‘down side’. Primary Road A • Twentieth century residential development abutting the River Derwent has Secondary Road respected the character and historical relevance of the area. Buildings are 15 Local Road 14 13 three storeys in height and there is a repetition in the placement of windows Derby Road (A6) E and doors and the ratio to the façade. A distinctive roof structure has been Footway 12 9 11 designed to reflect the form of the industrial mills. RailwayStation 10 6 7 4 RailwayTrack 8 5 • Dense woodland and mature trees along road boundaries contribute to a 3 2 well-vegetated character to the area. River 1 Conservation Area • Makeney Hall Hotel, which forms a local landmark, is a former Victorian Country Mansion situated in landscaped gardens with views overlooking the World Heritage Site rural landscape within the River Derwent flood plain. Greenbelt A Riverside Business Centre B Milford Primary School C Milford Mill D Milford House Residential Care Home E Makeney Hall Hotel

200 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 1,000 Meters

Figure 8: LCA 5: Milford and Makeney Contains OS data Crown copyright (2016)

53 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Topography and hydrology

This section of the valley of the River Derwent is narrow and steep sided. The Milford Weir is located south of Milford Bridge, which provided a head of water for the industrial mills. There are further engineered features within the Derwent River adjacent to the Riverside Business Centre which provide evidence of human influence on the natural environment. The area slopes upward to the east from approximately 60m AOD in the valley floor to approximately 93m AOD in land above Bridge View and approximately 100m AOD west at Chevin Vale Golf Course. The topography has strongly influenced the linear pattern of development in Milford. To the south of Milford the western gradients decline and the valley widens considerably forming an open river flood plain.

Land use and land cover

The village of Milford is located on the River Derwent, which bisects its centre. On the western side of the river there is residential development, Milford Views towards Milford Mill Infant School, Milford House Residential Care Home, Milford Social Club, the Chevin Vale Golf Course and the Mill House riverside bar and restaurant. The Strutt Arms Hotel is also located in the area but is currently unused and under redevelopment. Milford Mill is also located on the western side of the river and is currently partly derelict and there are also some commercial uses. The eastern section of Milford is again characterised by residential development and other complimentary land uses including restaurants and public houses, The Holy Trinity Church, Milford Play Area, the Riverbank florist and the Milford Village Store. The Riverside Business Centre is located in an area of principally residential development to the west of the Derby Road (A6) and the east of the River Derwent.

Makeney is a nucleated rural hamlet located south of Milford along Makeney Road. The area is dominated by the landmark Makeney Hall Hotel, which is located on the edge of the hamlet with expansive views across the river floodplain. The majority of other land use is residential, but also includes the Holly Bush Inn Public House and a cluster of fitness studios adjacent to the River Derwent. Land in the south of the area within the River Derwent floodplain is used for arable agriculture.

Views east towards Milford from Sunny Hill

54 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Movement and connectivity Development in Milford is located along steep terraces either side of the countryside. Milford Walk is a circular route that loops either side of the river river valley. The majority of the roads within the 19th Century developments from Milford to Belper. There are no designated cycle routes within this area. Running north to south through the river valley and the centre of the area are narrow, but there is still on street parking in places. Sunny Hill is a steep, there are several transport routes including the A6 (Derby Road) road, the narrow road in the west of Milford that rises up the valley with a number of Derwent Valley railway line and the River Derwent. Derby Road (A6) is the extending cul de sacs branching off of it. Makeney is accessed via Makeney primary route that runs through Milford and divides the lower sections to Road in the south east of the area. the west of the area from the higher sections. Derby Road is a wide, busy road with pavements on either side for pedestrians. Parking is prohibited on The majority of pedestrian access within the area is via roadside pavements this road except where there are rows of residential properties. Derby Road and narrow quiet lanes. There are a number of passageways and cut-throughs crosses the river via Milford Bridge where it veers south west towards Duffield. which provide direct access to steep residential terraces, including between The Chevin Road provides access to the west of the river valley from Milford Hopping Hill and Bridge View adjacent to Holy Trinity Church. There is a across the Chevin ridge towards Black Brook. pedestrian footpath adjacent to eastern banks of the River Derwent as part of a 21st Century housing development in this area. There are also a number of PRoW that connect Milford and Makeney to the wider surrounding

Stone terraces, Chevin Road Passageway (Jittie) Passageway (Jittie)

North Lane and Chevin Vale Golf Course Sunny Hill Riverside footpath

55 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Settlement and built form keeping with the local vernacular. Individual properties have been customised porch and small front garden adjacent to the road. On the far side of the road with colour variations on windows, doors and garden features. Stone walls each property has individual access to their own plot of land adjacent to the This area is a characterised by the surviving buildings and infrastructure which characterise boundaries, particularly along streets and passageways. river made private from the road with a traditional stone wall. These riverside survive from a series of former textile mills, associated surviving industrial gardens have been landscaped with decking areas and ornamental planting. features and buildings, many of which were demolished in the 1960’s. Some of Larger properties are common at Bridge View and the surrounding streets Colour variations used for windows and doors add diversity to the otherwise the existing industrial buildings, including the Strutt Arms and Milford Mill are with mostly semi-detached houses constructed in red brick with pitched roofs. repetitive architecture. now derelict or unused, which reduces the quality of the area. The southern Properties on the cul de sac at Bridge View have larger front gardens and entry to Milford adjacent to the Srutt Arms forms a physical gateway to the driveways set back from the street. Older properties have large lintels and The land abutting the river contains 20th Century industrial development, WHS. window sills, which are distinctive. some of which lies over 18th and 19th Century water-powered industrial sites. This development has respected the character and historical relevance of The gritstone mill workers houses, such as those at Hopping Hill, hug the To the west of the River Derwent the majority of houses are in keeping with the area. Buildings are three storeys in height and the placement of windows hillside, following the contours of the valley and utilising the slope to provide the local vernacular and built with gritstone and slate for the roofs. The design and doors is repeated along with a distinctive roof structure, all of which an extra storey on the ‘down side’. Overall the 19th Century properties within of properties has had to accommodate the steep gradients. There is a terrace have been designed to reflect the form of the industrial mills. Materials, such Milford are of a high quality and have been restored with sensitivity, broadly in of identical two-storey houses on Chevin Road, each of which has a stone as stone, glass tiles and wrought iron reflect the industrial architecture that

Fullers Close Red brick terraces, Makeney Road Stone steps, Derby Road

Stained glass detailing on front door Chimneys, Hopping Hill Stone built, Public House, Hopping Hill

56 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT would once have existed in this location. The development is buffered with places. The properties in Makeney are generally larger than the terraced Views riparian vegetation and tree planting that has been designed to provide a workers cottages seen in Milford. There is a mix of 20th Century infill sinuous connection to the river, alongside a new paved footpath. development with varying degrees of sensitivity to the historical context. The steep valley sides form an enclosed, intimate landscape with limited views out to the surrounding countryside. Within the village views of properties on There is 20th Century infill development dispersed throughout this area. The Makeney Hall Hotel forms a local landmark and is located within a former higher ground looking down onto the lower village are important, including most successful developments show relevance to the local building style and Victorian Country Mansion, situated in landscaped gardens with views views downhill towards Milford Mill from Sunny Hill. There are also sweeping blend into the townscape. Other developments, such as the brick terraces overlooking the rural landscape within the River Derwent flood plain. views towards and across the river Derwent flood plain from Makeney Road on Holly Bush Road, lower the quality of the area due to the contrast in Active frontage within the area is sparse. At Milford Bridge the King William and Makeney Hall Hotel in the south of the area. The Mill House restaurant building materials, large windows with thin PVC frames and red painted metal public house and Riverbank Florist face the street. and terrace sit adjacent to the riverbank and provide views of Milford Weir. balustrades that show no reference to the local vernacular. Vegetation and fallen trees caught within the weir reduce the quality of this landmark feature. Development within Makeney is arranged in a tight cluster of well managed properties most of which have ornamental gardens and are built with local stone on narrow lanes bounded by stone walls that are two metres high in

Brown/Grey brick properties not in keeping with local vernacular Milford Weir View north west across Derwent Valley

Modern conversion (Building part of Makeney Hall) Makeney Road Views across River Derwent flood plain

57 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Heritage Assets The line, as it was originally called when it opened Further information between Derby and Belper in 1840, runs to the west of this character area. There are 65 listed buildings within this character area, which includes part It was a route surveyed by . Within this character area Further information on Milford and Makeney can be found on the Milford and of the Derwent Valley Mills WHS. Four of these are Grade II* listed buildings; it disappears through the Grade II* listed Milford Tunnel (NHLE 1366268) Makeney website http://www.milford-makeney.org/ three of which are associated with Moscow farm. The conservation area of under Milford. The tunnel, which was the longest in Britain, was built by Further information on the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site can be Belper and Milford also extends into this area. Collectively the heritage assets G. Stephenson in 1839. The portals are distinctive concentric arches. There found at the website http://www.derwentvalleymills.org/ illustrate the history and the development of the area. This character area are a number of other structures associated with the railway. These include contains the settlements of Milford and Makeney. Milford was named for its Grade II listed The Tower (NHLE 1083583) is a tall coursed stone tower of four Further information on the Belper and Milford Conservation are can be found river-crossing, on an ancient route from Derby to the Peak District. The power storeys with one opening on each floor. It is sited over the Milford Tunnel. It on the Amber Valley Borough Council’s Website http://www.ambervalley.gov. of the Derwent was used from medieval times to run a corn-mill, dyeing and is suggested that it may have been used as a siting tower or theodolite during uk/environment-and-planning/planning/community-planning/conservation- fulling mills, and iron and scythe forges. the surveying of the line to ensure the alignment from the tunnelling at the areas.aspx two ends of the tunnel met head on, in the middle of the tunnel. Jedediah Strutt, a farmer turned hosier, recognised the potential of the site. A full list of Listed buildings can be found in Appendix A or on the Historic Inventor of the Derby rib machine, Strutt owned a , and had Some buildings in Makeney illustrate the early pre-industrial origins of the England’s National Heritage List for England https://www.historicengland.org. set up cotton mills in Belper. In 1781, he bought land in Milford to build a area and pre the Strutt involvement. Such as Red Hill Cottage and Farmhouse uk/listing/the-list/ cottonspinning mill. It was one of a series of textile mills constructed on the and Holly Bush Inn, both Grade II listed (NHLE 1335268 and 1335302 Derwent between Matlock and Derby during the Industrial Revolution. These respectively). Other buildings that contribute to the heritage and character of the area are pioneering developments, which included the creation of new communities to identified on the Derbyshire HER http://www.derbyshire.gov.uk/environment/ house and cater for the workforce they required, are now recognised as being Other buildings within the area that adds to the heritage and character of the conservation/default.asp of international importance. area include:

The Milford Mill complex eventually included spinning, bleaching and dyeing • Strutt Arms Hotel – it is a building that dates from 1901 and is located on a mills, as well as foundries, joiners’ workshops, a gas-works and a corn-mill. prominent and highly visible site within Milford. The Warehouse, constructed in 1793, was an early attempt by William Strutt, Jedediah’s eldest son, to design a fire-proof multi-storey structure. Later more • Makeney Hall – the former home of George Herbert Strutt. successful attempts at fire-proofing are embodied in the Dyehouse building, near the bridge. There are also numerous other non-designated heritage assets identified by the Derbyshire Historic Environment Record (HER). Whilst almost all the early mill buildings were demolished in the 1950s and ’60s, much of the associated industrial housing has survived. Many of these houses were built by the Strutts, from the late 18th century onwards, transforming Milford from a riverside hamlet into a company village. The Strutts also built the school, created several farms to supply produce for their workers, and helped establish the village’s various religious and social buildings.

The legacy of the Strutt’s involvement in Milford and Makeney is readily visible through the surviving buildings, such as canteen, building 51 and chimney at Milford Dyehouse (NHLE 1087349, 1087348 and 1335719 respectively) amongst many others including areas of residential housing such as Hopping Hill East and West Terraces.

Moscow Farm (NHLE 1335721) was built by the Strutt family in c. 1813 to supply food for their workforce. Is a large planned steading that sits to the east of Derby Road on approach to Belper from Duffield. It is largely constructed in gritstone with Welsh slate or Staffordshire plain tiled roofs, is enclosed by perimeter walls. The farm uses construction methods that parallel the contemporary mills and warehouses built by the Strutts- and the first floor ceiling consisting of groined brick vaults without structural iron. This is the earliest known Strutt estate purpose-built farm complex and it specialised in milk production. All buildings are now converted to residential use but still make a positive contribution to the area with the setting within farmland retained. Strutt Arms Hotel Milford Mill

58 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Managing Change • The River Derwent meanders through the centre of the village; and Sensitivity to change

Positive aspects of character • New developments and the restoration of existing historic buildings have There are also some elements which are particularly sensitive to change. been sensitive to the industrial context of the area. These relate to the quality and setting of the WHS, the rural landscape on the There are a number of positive aspects of character which should be urban fringe and belts of woodland: sustained, reinforced or enhanced. These relate to the rural, industrial landscape and steep, enclosed character of the urban fringe: Issues to be addressed • The mature garden setting of properties within the village is sensitive to change from extensions or infill development. • Landscape setting of the village within a steep sided river valley ; The following issues have been identified which could be addressed through new development or active management. These are principally related to • The openness and tranquillity of agricultural land in the south of the area • Areas of enclosed, lower lying land that have a tranquil, remote and rural derelict industrial and historical properties, legibility, quality and setting of the could be threatened by urban expansion and is sensitive to change; character; WHS: • Belts of woodland screening the Derby Road help to reduce the perception • Distinctive dry stone walls; • Restricted access via pedestrian bridges to urban areas of Milford across the of noise; River Derwent limits permeability: • High quality 19th Century properties are built with local stone and slate roofs and enhance the rural setting of the area; • There are a number of derelict industrial and historical properties within the area, including The Strutt Arms and Milford Mill and that reduce the quality • The Makeney Hall Hotel occupies a former Victorian Mansion and, together of the area; with its associated grounds, is a landmark within the area; • Lanes within rural settlements such as Makeney are unsurfaced which limits • Vantage points across the village where there are framed views between the ` access; ends of rows of terraced properties from pedestrian passageways and steps; • Traffic on busy roads disturbs tranquillity; • A network of designated public rights of way crosses the area and provides permeability; • 20th century residential development not in keeping with local vernacular reduces the quality of the area; • Narrow streets, historical properties and features within the village core such as Millford Bridge, Milford Weir and other listed buildings contribute to • There are no designated cycle routes within the area; and a strong industrial heritage and a traditional village character; • There is limited active frontage within the area.

Chevin Road Hopping Hill Milford Mill

59 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Character Management Principles • The scale and design of new buildings should reflect the character of existing In addition to policy protection, this assessment has identified projects or development within the village including; building line, height of roof lines, initiatives which could be financed through the Community Infrastructure In order to address the issues highlighted above, managing change in this local materials, detailing such as lintels, sills and porches around doors and Levy (CIL) and Section 106 (S106) contributions, or if the project is not eligible area should focus on sustaining, reinforcing or enhancing those aspects which variation in colour tones used; for these mechanisms, through other means of funding or delivery. CIL is contribute to the quality and setting of the WHS, the industrial townscape a tool for local authorities to levy contributions from developers to help within the steep valley of the Derwent River, the overall wooded character of • Mature trees, woodland and hedgerow, which divide the area and enclose deliver infrastructure projects which benefit the local community – for more the area. The following principles should be considered when defining policies development should be reinforced and enhanced through additional information, see http://planningguidance.communities.gov.uk/blog/guidance/ with respect to heritage and character: planting; community-infrastructure-levy/.

• Development should protect and enhance existing blocks and belts of • Future development should incorporate facilities for wheelie bins off the Section 106 agreements are site-specific and put in place to make it possible woodland and incorporate new planting to further enhance the quality and ` street; to approve a planning application that might not otherwise be acceptable biodiversity of the area; in planning terms – for example, the provision of new green space. It is • Future development should provide or make a contribution to public green recommended to seek advice from the Local Planning Authority on what • Future development on the urban edges of the area should provide a clear space which includes ornamental planting and designated play areas for types of project can be funded through CIL and S106. Projects and initiatives distinction between town and countryside and incorporate new green children; identified as having potential to be brought forward by CIL, S106 or other spaces and wherever possible and integrate existing vegetation; means include: • Development should, wherever possible, provide a mix of uses including • Proposals which retain or enhance well-vegetated front gardens that residential, industry and tourism in order to maintain and enhance the • Improvements should be made to key areas of public realm including safe demonstrate a strong relationship with the street are more likely to working industrial character; areas for pedestrians, information about historic features and properties, be acceptable than proposals to introduce substantial areas of paving for seating areas and designated viewpoints points within the village. parking; • Future development within the Belper Conservation Area should demonstrate an understanding of the history and industrial quality of the • The natural character of the Rivers Derwent should be protected and • The pattern and design of any new development within the WHS should area. It should respect the scale, building plots, height and roof line and enhanced through active management; reflect the industrial character of the area including commercial scale complement existing materials and architectural detailing; and buildings similar to the industrial mills seen in this area. This should • PRoW within the area should be protected and enhanced to improve include materials such as stone and red brick. Some groups have developed • New development should maintain and enhance access to the River legibility and access for cyclists within the open countryside. neighbourhood design guidance or design codes which set out standards Derwent and should retain open views across the valley from key vantage expected from new development; points; • Seek opportunities to create new or improve or extend existing cycle routes, to promote cycling as a recreational pursuit, to improve people’s health and • A common palette of materials and signage should be further developed to • Maintaining the grazing flood plains of the Derwent by protecting them from well-being, and to provide a form of sustainable transport. enhance the quality of the area and improve legibility; inappropriate development. • The landscape of the River Valley including the areas within the WHS, should be sustained through planned, active management.

Millers Way Riverside Business Park Riverside footpath

60 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LCA 06: Bullsmoor and Belper Rural Fringe East, Belper Cemetery and Rural Fringe North

Key Characteristics 11 10

• Slopes are moderate to steep, and steepen along the valley of Coppice Brook and at Swinney Woods. 9 A 8 7 C • Key views of Belper face west from higher ground within the agricultural 6 B landscape on Bullsmoor, overlooking the valley of Coppice Brook and Belper 5 4 Parks. Legend • The Gothic buildings at Belper Cemetery together with the associated grounds and mature evergreen woodland are a landmark property within Character area the area. Study Area • There is a network of PRoW connecting Belper to the surrounding rural Listed building countryside. Grade II • The large band of woodland at Swinney Woods, isolated copses of deciduous Education woodland and densely scattered hedgerow trees all contribute to the overall Woodland wooded character. D Park and Garden • There is a patchwork of irregular fields of varying size. Field boundaries are Building delineated by mixed species hedgerows and stone walls. Sandbed Lane Locally Listed Building • The location of residential development on the ridgeline along Sandbed Lane 3 Primary Road draws the urban settlement up the hillside above Belper. 2 Secondary Road • Dispersed small stone farm settlements bounded by stone walls enhance the Local Road rural character of the landscape. Footway RailwayStation RailwayTrack River Conservation Area 1 Greenbelt A Belper Cemetery B Swinney Woods C Bessalone Wood D Bullsmoor

200 0 200 400 600 800 1,000 Meters

Figure 9: LCA 6: Bullsmoor and Belper Rural Fringe East, Belper Cemetery and Rural Fringe North Contains OS data Crown copyright (2016)

61 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Topography and hydrology Land use and land cover Movement and connectivity

The sloping landform within the area is influenced by the location within the This area is a patchwork of mixed agricultural land on the urban fringe. Larger The main vehicle routes within this area are Matlock Road (A6), located on the valley of the River Derwent and the tributary, Coppice Brook. The highest open arable fields have a more regular field pattern. Field boundaries are a north west boundary, Kilbourne Road (A609) and Bargate Road in the centre point in the north of the area is approximately 175m AOD, located just north combination of mixed species hedgerows and dry stone walls, which are found of the area that form the urban fringe of Belper. Sandbed Lane is a busy road, of Far Laund. There are steep gradients from approximately 160m AOD at particularly along road networks. There is a mix of other complimentary land located on a ridgeline of high ground that skirts the eastern boundary of the Crich Lane west to approximately 70m AOD west to the A6 (Matlock Road) uses dispersed throughout the landscape including grazing and equestrian area, lined with residential development and pedestrian footpaths. Other where the land slopes towards the River Derwent. In the south of the area the facilities, a dense network of PRoW and isolated farmsteads. routes within the area are narrow, winding rural lanes, unsurfaced in places land slopes from east to west from approximately 169m AOD along Sandbed with no designated pavements. Lane to approximately 90m AOD at Bath House Farm in the valley of Coppice There are isolated groups of residential and agricultural properties dispersed Brook. The action of water on the underlying geology along Coppice Brook has throughout the area and larger linear developments adjacent to roads such as The area is well connected for pedestrians with a strong network of PRoW created an enclosed river valley that provides shelter within the urban areas of Sandbed Lane. connecting the urban areas of Belper to the rural countryside. There are no the town. designated cycle routes within the area. Belper Cemetery is located on the valley slope of the River Derwent rising steeply to the east. The six hectare site includes various chapel buildings, land Belper Cemetery is approached from the west on Matlock Road (A6) and from for the cemetery and a collection of predominantly mature evergreen trees , Cemetery Road. The main entrance, located on the west boundary of the including avenues, individual specimens, and groupings that contribute to the site, comprises gate piers and double gates with a single pedestrian entrance overall wooded character. immediately south. There is also a minor pedestrian entrance from the south east corner linking with a footpath which runs through Spinney Wood. There are dense copses of deciduous woodland within the area, the largest being Spinney Wood located on the steep slopes east of the River Derwent to the west of Crich Lane. An underground reservoir located at Bessalone Wood on high ground north of Far Laund is surrounded by mature trees and is a notable elevated landmark above the urban areas of Belper. Mature trees are also dispersed and often isolated within the agricultural landscape. Larger groups of trees tend to be found adjacent to settlements and road networks, where they provide screening. Field boundaries within the agricultural landscape are enclosed by mixed species hedge banks and dry stone walls.

Bargate recreation ground is located adjacent to Bargate lane on the urban fringe. This area includes play equipment and sports pitches.

Bargate Road Rural fringe north Derby Road (A6)

62 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Settlement and built form

The area sits on the urban fringe of Belper and provides a rural setting to the town and the WHS. There is a patchwork of irregular agricultural fields of varying size. Small farm settlements bounded by stone walls are dispersed throughout the landscape and reinforce the rural character. These comprise traditional stone farmhouses in the local vernacular gritstone with slate roofs. Agricultural buildings within the landscape are generally large scale, occupying large footprints and generally equivalent to two storeys in height.

Larger settlements of residential development are located along roads through the area. The location of development on the ridgeline of Sandbed Lane draws the urban settlement up the hillside above Belper. The character of the properties is diverse as a result of infill development along the road. Most properties are narrow, two storey terraces that face directly onto the street. They are constructed in red brick or rendered, with large lintels, sills and decorative brick detailing round entrance porches. There are a number of stone farmhouses and terrace properties dispersed along the route of Sandbed Lane and the agricultural landscape to the west. This increases the rural character of the settlement within this area. Building materials of infill development that is not in keeping with the local vernacular including grey/ brown brick, pebble-dash render and brown and red concrete roof tiles fragment the rural character of the settlement.

Terraced houses at the centre of Broadholme are built with the locally distinctive red brick and gritstone and create a traditional village character. However, apart from the Fisherman’s Rest Public House, active frontage is limited. The Broadholme Caravan Park and 20th Century detached properties are set back from the road behind large front gardens, which show evidence of urban expansion of the traditional settlement. Mature trees and established vegetation contribute to the overall leafy character of the settlement.

The layout of the cemetery maximises the potential of the steep site. The Gothic chapel buildings are connected by a central arch above which a square tower with a tall spire rises above the tree line, forming a local landmark. For the most part the cemetery is bounded by stone walls, beyond the eastern boundary lies Spinney Wood which provides a strong vegetated backdrop.

Views

Key views within the area are from vantage points on higher ground, particularly along ridgelines. Properties facing west along Sandbed Lane have views overlooking the urban fringe and onto the WHS and Belper in the lower valley. There are sweeping views across the agricultural landscape and over the river valley towards ‘The Chevin’. There are intermittent views of the valley of the River Derwent from Swinney Woods. There are also views of the Derwent Valley from many parts of the cemetery, although in some parts views are obscured by mature, and predominantly evergreen, trees and shrubs. Vantage points from higher ground within the urban fringe such as Bessalone Woods and Bullsmoor on the edge of Belper Parks provide sweeping views of the townscape and the WHS. Broadholme Lane

63 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Heritage Assets • obelisks – Egyptian symbol of eternal life. Many of which can be seen at Further information Belper Cemetery. There are 11 Grade II listed buildings within this character area. There is also Further information on the introduction to the assessment, evaluation, one Grade II Registered Park and Gardens , this is Belper Cemetery (NHLE The layout and planting of the cemetery was designed by the noted conservation and management of historic cemeteries can be found in 1000201). designer William Barron (1800-91). The cemetery lodge and paired chapels Historic England’s document Paradise Preserved and can be found on their (Nonconformist and Anglican) were designed by the Birmingham architect website https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/publications/paradise- The rural and agricultural nature of the character area is reflected in the listed Edward Holmes. The layout of the cemetery exploits the steeply sloping site preserved/ buildings with many of the buildings being farmhouses such as Wildesley to create picturesque views from the cemetery, and of the cemetery from Farmhouse (NHLE 1109229), Laund Farmhouse (NHLE 1087367), Lodge surrounding areas and the layout of the cemetery, including its associated Further information on the Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site can be Farmhouse (NHLE 1109235) and Broadholme Farmhouse (NHLE 1186875). structures and much original planting of the highest quality, survives intact found at the website http://www.derwentvalleymills.org/ making a positive contribution to the area. Other listed buildings include Turnpike Cottage (NHLE 1101747) which was a Further information on the Belper and Milford Conservation are can be found former toll house on Derby to Chesterfield Turnpike of 1776. It is an important There are also numerous other non-designated heritage assets identified by on the Amber Valley Borough Council’s Website http://www.ambervalley.gov. building illustrating the advancement of transport routes in the area. the Derbyshire Historic Environment Record (HER). uk/environment-and-planning/planning/community-planning/conservation- areas.aspx Belper Chapel and Belper Cemetery form a cohesive group on the northern approach into Belper. An urgent need for more burial space prompted the A full list of Listed buildings can be found in Appendix A or on the Historic formation of Belper Burial Board in May 1857. It was purposefully positioned England’s National Heritage List for England https://www.historicengland.org. to overlook the River Derwent perhaps signifying the deep importance of uk/listing/the-list/ the river to the success of Belper and the lives of those buried there. The Other buildings that contribute to the heritage and character of the area are cemetery was built with a lodge and twin mortuary chapels, connected identified on the Derbyshire HER http://www.derbyshire.gov.uk/environment/ by a square tower and spire; these are all listed. The Cemetery opened in conservation/default.asp 1859 with 1st, 2nd and 3rd class ground designated for burial. The 1st class ground largely situated in the highest part of the Cemetery. Cemeteries of this period were known as ‘Gardens of the Dead’ and were popular places to visit for Victorians to promenade on Sundays. They would walk the carefully landscaped gardens and observe the monuments. 1st class plots were the most expensive and were often located next to the principle routes so that they would be most visible to the observers denoting the social status of the dead and the grieving family. Monuments from this period are often highly decorative. Monuments were usually symbolic – either religious (crosses, angels, the letters IHS, a monogram for Jesus Savior of Man in Greek), symbols of profession (whip and horseshoes for a coach driver, swords for a general, palette for a painter), or symbols of death.

The most common symbols of death were:

• urns – classical symbol of Roman cremation. Romans used to take the cremated remains, place them in an urn and cover them with a shroud.

• wreaths – symbol of eternal life, as it’s circular (with no beginning and no end) and made of evergreens (never turn brown, so never die).

• broken columns – classical symbol of life cut short.

• upside-down torches – the inverted torch symbolizes death, the burning flame (which normally ouldw be extinguished when the torch was turned upside-down) symbolizes the flame of eternal life and the Christian belief in resurrection.

• grieving women – classical symbol of a woman dressed in loose (Roman) robes, physically exhausted from weeping, and leaning on her hand, sometimes on an urn or a cross. Belper Cemetery Broadholme Farmhouse

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Managing Change Issues to be addressed • The modern architecture of 20th Century residential development is not in keeping with local vernacular including buildings of grey/brown brick, Positive aspects of character The following issues have been identified which could be addressed through pebble-dash render and brown and red concrete roof tiles which reduces the new development or active management. These are principally related to the unity and quality of the area; and There are a number of positive aspects of character which should be rural landscape setting of the WHS, and introduction of building styles and sustained, reinforced or enhanced. These relate to the rural, agricultural human influence on the rural landscape: • Residential development on high ridgelines draws the urban environment landscape and high, open character of the rural fringe: across the rural landscape and above the existing settlement. • Rural roads are unsurfaced, which limits access; • This area forms the rural setting of the Derwent Valley Mills WHS and prevents the coalescence of Belper and other rural settlements including • There are no designated cycle routes within the area; Heage and Hollbrook; • Traffic on local roads such as Sandbed Lane disturbs tranquillity; • Distinctive dry stone walls and dispersed 19th Century stone farmhouses built with local stone and slate roofs enhance the rural setting of the area.

• The Gothic buildings within Belper Cemetery, associated grounds and mature evergreen woodland form a landmark within the area;

• Swinney Woods is a large area of deciduous woodland that provides a buffer on the urban fringe and forms a vegetated backdrop to Belper Cemetery;

• A network of designated PRoW crosses the area and provides permeability;

• There are key views of the Derwent Valley Mills WHS from within the agricultural landscape at Bullsmoor and Bessalone Woods;

• The openness of the higher ground is in contrast to dense urban development within the town;

• Areas of enclosed, lower lying land in the valley of Coppice Brook have a tranquil, remote and rural character;

• Roads and lanes are lined with locally distinctive dry stone walls or mature hedge banks;

Views of Belper Cemetery and Conifer Woodland, behind Swinney Woods

65 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Sensitivity to change

There are also some elements which are particularly sensitive to change, particularly as a result of urban expansion and development pressure from Belper and rural settlements. These relate to the open, rural character of the landscape and woodland areas:

• The openness and tranquillity of the rural landscape on the urban edge;

• Belts of woodland that enclose settlements and reduce the impact of agricultural buildings on views in the surrounding landscape;

• Small, rural settlements and farmsteads within the area which contribute to the rural setting of the town; and

• Belper Cemetery, Swinney Woods and Bargate Recreation Ground, which are located on the urban fringe.

Bullsmoor

Bargate recreation ground

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Character Management Principles • A common palette of materials should be developed as part of Design In addition to policy protection, this assessment has identified projects or Codes for the area to reinforce the character and enhance the quality initiatives which could be financed through the Community Infrastructure In order to address the issues highlighted above, managing change in this of the area. This could include directions for the sympathetic use of Levy (CIL) and Section 106 (S106) contributions, or if the project is not eligible area should focus on sustaining, reinforcing or enhancing those aspects which locally used materials such as gritstone, red brick and Welsh slate with for these mechanisms, through other means of funding or delivery. CIL is contribute to the setting of small rural settlements, woodland areas and open contemporary building materials such as glass, timber and steel. a tool for local authorities to levy contributions from developers to help agricultural landscape. The following principles should be considered when deliver infrastructure projects which benefit the local community – for more defining policies with respect to heritage and character: • PRoW within the area should be protected and enhanced to improve information, see http://planningguidance.communities.gov.uk/blog/guidance/ legibility and access for cyclists within the open countryside. This should community-infrastructure-levy/. • Development should protect and enhance existing blocks and belts of include connections between Belper and nearby settlements such as Milford woodland and incorporate new planting to further enhance the quality and and Holbrook Moor to improve people’s health and well-being, and to Section 106 agreements are site-specific and put in place to make it possible biodiversity of the area; provide a form of sustainable transport. to approve a planning application that might not otherwise be acceptable in planning terms – for example, the provision of new green space. It is • The natural character of the Coppice Brook should be protected and • PRoW within the area should be protected and enhanced to improve recommended to seek advice from the Local Planning Authority on what types enhanced through active management, natural regeneration and planting of legibility and access for cyclists within the open countryside. This should of project can be funded through CIL and S106. riparian trees. include connections between Belper and nearby settlements such as Milford Projects and initiatives identified as having potential to be brought forward by and Holbrook Moor to improve people’s health and well-being, and to CIL, S106 or other means include: • There should be no future development within this area to protect the clear provide a form of sustainable transport. distinction between town and countryside and the rural setting of the WHS. • Common signage should be developed as part of Design Codes for the area to enhance the quality of the area and improve legibility. This could include • The distinct pattern of dispersed settlements is critical to maintaining the a design style for way-finding, tourist information and landmarks that would character of the area and the setting of the WHS and this should be provide continuity to the urban landscape. maintained to prevent the coalescence of urban settlements within the area.

• Proposals which retain or enhance well-vegetated front gardens that demonstrate a strong relationship with the street are more likely to be acceptable than proposals to introduce substantial areas of paving for parking;

• PRoW within the area should be protected and enhanced to improve legibility and access for cyclists within the open countryside to improve people’s health and well-being, and to provide a form of sustainable transport.

• The scale and design of new buildings should reflect the character of existing development within the area including; building line, height of rooflines, local materials, detailing such as lintels, sills and decorative brick detailing around front entrances.

• Mature trees, woodland and hedgerows, which divide the area and enclose development should be reinforced and enhanced through additional planting.

• Development should, wherever possible, provide a mix of uses including industry, agriculture and tourism in order to maintain and enhance the rural character;

• New development should maintain and enhance access to the River Derwent and should retain open views across the valley from key vantage points;

• The historic network of hedges and drystone walls should be maintained for their landscape value, to reduce soil erosion, and to provide habitat corridors for wildlife. Woodland adjacent to Crich Lane

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BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

MANAGING CHANGE

69 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

Next Steps

This study is intended to provide evidence to support the development of policies with respect to heritage and character for the Belper Neighbourhood Plan. As such, it does not provide a comprehensive overview of contribution of individual buildings, streets or spaces to the character of the area. It should be considered alongside other evidence gathered through the plan making process, such as detailed policy reviews, consultation responses and site options assessments and the evidence base of the Amber Valley Local Plan.

Other work which would strengthen the evidence base and provide a basis for monitoring and managing future change includes:

• Design codes which specify the types, form and appearance of development in the area:

• Common signage should be developed as part of Design Codes for the area to enhance the quality of the area and improve legibility. This could include a design style for way-finding, tourist information and landmarks that would provide continuity to the urban landscape;

• A common palette of materials should be developed as part of Design Codes for the area to enhance the quality of the area. This could include directions for the sympathetic use of locally used materials such as gritstone, red brick and Welsh slate with contemporary building materials such as glass, timber and steel. This will provide continuity to the local vernacular; and

• Detailed mapping and interpretation of green infrastructure, including the Derwent River valley and WHS to identify deficiencies and opportunities to further enhance the character and appearance of the area.

PRoW off Shireoaks

70 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

A wealth of further information and support is available to assist Belper Neighbourhood Plan Steering Group in applying the principles set out in this assessment. The ‘Locality MyCommunity website’ is a useful starting point and is updated regularly. Current guidance which may be of interest includes:

• Community Rights and Heritage, July 2016: http://mycommunity.org.uk/ resources/community-rights-and-heritage/

• Heritage in Neighbourhood Plans, July 2016: http://mycommunity.org.uk/ news/heritage-in-neighbourhood-plans/

• Design in Neighbourhood Planning, February 2016: http://mycommunity. org.uk/resources/design-in-neighbourhood-planning/

• Writing Planning Policies, September 2014: http://mycommunity.org.uk/ resources/writing-planning-policies/

Further technical support is also available to priority neighbourhood planning groups and forums through Locality, funded by DCLG. The other packages of support currently available are:

• Establishing The Belper Neighbourhood Forum • Housing Advice and Assessment • Site options and assessment • Urban Design and Masterplanning, including Design Codes • Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) • Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) • Habitats Regulations Assessment (HRA) • Viability of proposals • Evidence Base and Policy Reviews • Facilitation Support • Technical Facilitation • Healthcheck prior to examination

Further information is available in the Neighbourhood Planning Grant Guidance Notes produced by Locality: http://mycommunity.org.uk/resources/ guidance-notes-neighbourhood-planning/

Derelict Mill, Derwent St

71 72 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

REFERENCES AND GLOSSARY OF TERMS BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

References Visit Peak District and Derbyshire. (2016) The Heritage Way At Derwent Valley. Landscape Types Available at: http://www.visitpeakdistrict.com/Belper-The-Heritage-Way/ Distinct landscape types that are relatively homogeneous in character. They Department of Communities and Local Government. (2012). National Planning details/?dms=3&venue=6124019. Last accessed 12 September 2016 are generic in nature in that they may occur in different areas in different Policy Framework. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ parts of the country, but wherever they occur they share broadly similar national-planning-policy-framework--2. Last accessed 23 March 2016 Derbyshire Wildlife Trust. (2016) Wyver Lane. Available at: http://www. combinations of geology, topography, drainage patterns, vegetation and derbyshirewildlifetrust.org.uk/reserves/wyver-lane. Last accessed on 15 historical land use and settlement pattern, and perceptual and aesthetic Natural England. (2014). An Approach to Landscape Character Assessment. September 2016. attributes. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/ attachment_data/file/396192/landscape-character-assessment.pdf. Last Beth’s Poetry Trail. (2015) Introduction. Available at: http://bethspoetrytrail. Listed Building accessed 01 June 2016 co.uk/. Last accessed 12 September 2016 A listed building is one that has been placed on the Statutory List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest. There are three categories of listed Natural England.(2013). National Character Areas. Available at: http:// Glossary of Terms buildings in the : publications.naturalengland.org.uk/category/587130. Last accessed 01 June 2016 Building line • Grade I buildings, which are of exceptional interest and make up 2.5% of all The line formed by the frontages of buildings along a street. listed buildings in the United Kingdom. Derbyshire County Council. (2013). The Landscape Character of Derbyshire. http://www.derbyshire.gov.uk/images/Part%201.3%20Derbyshire%20Peak%20 Built form • Grade II* buildings, which are particularly important buildings of more than Fringe%20and%20Lower%20Derwent_tcm44-245610.pdf. Last accessed 12 Buildings and structures. special interest and make up 5.5% of all listed buildings in the United September 2016 Kingdom. Edge Office for National Statistics. (2011).Census 2011. Available at: The boundary between two areas, these can be natural topographical features • Grade II buildings, which are of special interest and make up 92% of all listed http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView. or man-made features. buildings in the United Kingdom. Last accessed 12 September 2016 Enclosure National Character Area (NCA) UK Soil Observatory. (2016). Soilscapes for England and Wales. Available at: The use of buildings and structures to create a sense of defined space. A National Character Area is a natural subdivision of England based on a http://mapapps2.bgs.ac.uk/ukso/home.html. Last accessed 31 May 2016 combination of landscape, biodiversity, geodiversity and economic activity. Gateway There are 159 NCAs and they follow natural, rather than administrative, British Geological Society. (2016). Geology of Britain Interactive Map. Available The design of a building, site or landscape to symbolise an entrance or arrival boundaries. at: http://mapapps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyofbritain/home.html. Last accessed 01 to a specific location. June 2016 Rural Historic Environment Record Relating to, or characteristic of the countryside rather than the town. Amber Valley Borough Council.(Living Document). Area Profile A record held by the local authority of known archaeological sites, historic Belper. Available at: http://info.ambervalley.gov.uk/docarc/docviewer. buildings, and designed landscapes. Setting aspx?docguid=c02ec0c0c3104f25b676350b10a49268. Last accessed 01 June The context or environment in which something sits. 2016 Land Cover The surface cover of the land, usually expressed in terms of vegetation cover Tranquillity Amber Valley Borough Council (2006) Amber Valley Local Plan.(2006). Available or lack of it. Related to but not the same as land use. A state of calm and quietude associated with a peace, considered to be a at: http://www.cartogold.co.uk/AmberValley/text/00_cont.htm. Last accessed significant asset of landscape. on 02 June 2016 Land Use What land is used for, based on broad categories of functional land cover, such Tree Preservation Order (TPO) Derwent Valley Mills World Heritage Site. (2014-2019) Derwent Valley as urban and industrial use and the different types of agriculture and forestry. A Tree Preservation Order is an order made by a local planning authority in Mills World Heritage Site Management Plan. Available at: http://www. England to protect specific trees, groups of trees or woodland in the interests derwentvalleymills.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/DVM_WHS_ Landscape of amenity. Management_MgmtPlanPDF.pdf. Last accessed 02 June 2016 An area, as perceived by people, the character of which is the result of the action and interaction of natural and/or human factors. Vernacular Belper Arts Festival.(2016) Home. Available at: http://www.belperartsfestival. The way in which ordinary buildings were built in a particular place, making org/index.php. Last accessed 12 September 2016 Landscape Character use of local styles, techniques and materials and responding to local economic A distinct, recognisable and consistent pattern of elements in the landscape and social conditions. Department for Communities and Local Government. (2014). Celebrating The that makes one landscape different from another, rather than better or worse. Great British High Street 2014. Available at: http://thegreatbritishhighstreet. Views co.uk/pdf/GBHS-Celebrating-The-GB-High-Street.pdf?2. Last accessed 12 Landscape Character Areas (LCAs) Views that can be seen from an observation point to an object (s) particularly September 2016 Landscape character areas are unique areas which are the discrete a landscape or building. geographical areas of a particular landscape type. 74 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

APPENDIX A: SCHEDULE OF LISTED BUILDINGS BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LISTED BUILDINGS - LCA 1: DERWENT VALLEY RAILWAY LINE

CHARACTER AREA ID LISTED ENTRY NAME EASTING NORTHING 1 1268382 FORMER TARGET WALL AND FIRING BUTTS 434158 345879.3608 2 1087375 SOUTH VIEW 434380 346423.3608 3 1087373 WEST AND NORTH RANGES OF FARM BUILDINGS SURROUNDING FARM YARD AT CHEVIN HOUSE FARM 434162 346437.3608 4 1335692 EAST RANGE OF FARM BUILDINGS IN FARM YARD AT CHEVIN HOUSE FARM 434179 346443.3608 5 1335693 CHEVIN FARMHOUSE 434273 346591.3608 6 1087355 LONG HOUSE 433529 346866.3608 7 1099219 BANKFIELD HOUSE 433938 347195.3608 8 1099912 DRINKING TROUGH AT FOOT OF HILL 433686.3385 347581.8023 9 1335690 STONE STILE AND GATE PIERS AT CHEVIN MILL (TO EAST OF MILL) 433897 347720.3608 10 1087370 CHEVIN MILL AND ATTACHED MILLHOUSE 433826 347745.3608 11 1087425 BOUNDARY WALLS TO GARDEN AND STREET AT CROSSROADS FARM 433624 347842.3608 12 1087424 WESTERN BUILDING ACROSS CHEVIN ROAD AT CROSSROADS FARM 433604 347846.3608 13 1087421 CROSSROADS FARMHOUSE 433642.05 347869.4258 14 1335677 SOUTHERN RANGE OF FARM BUILDINGS IN SOUTH WESTERN FARMYARD AT CROSSROADS FARM 433689 347885.3608 15 1087423 WESTERN RANGES OF FARM BUILDINGS IN NORTH EASTERN FARMYARD AT CROSSROADS FARM 433698 347904.3608 16 1087422 FARM BUILDINGS FACING ONTO ROAD AT CROSSROADS FARM: 1) NORTH-EASTERN RANGE INCLUDING GATE PIERS TO ENTRANCE AT SOUTH-WEST END OF THE RANGE, 2) 433670 347924.3608 SOUTH-WESTERN RANGE EXTENDING SOUTH-WEST FROM ENTRANCE TO NORTH-EASTERN FARMYARD

17 1087430 RANGE OF FARM BUILDINGS FORMING WESTERN SIDE OF WEST FARMYARD AT DALLEY FARM 433675 348080.3608 18 1087427 EAST AND SOUTH BOUNDARY WALLS TO EASTERN FARM YARD AT DALLEY FARM, NORTH AND WEST BOUNDARY WALLS AND STONE STEPS TO FARM COMPLEX 433720.6584 348082.117 19 1087428 STABLE RANGE AND CARRIAGEWAY ENTRANCE DIVIDING EAST AND WEST FARMYARDS AT DALLEY FARM 433692 348082.3608 20 1335678 PUMP 433682.8268 348086.8179 21 1087426 NORTH WING OF DALLEY FARMHOUSE 433682 348096.3608 22 1087429 RANGE OF FARM BUILDINGS FRONTING NORTH SIDE OF EAST AND WEST FARMYARDS AT DALLEY FARM 433710 348103.3608 23 1087431 NORTH EASTERN RANGE OF FARM BUILDINGS AT DALLEY FARM (L-SHAPED RANGE INCLUDING NORTHERN HAY BARN, CORNER CART SHED AND SHELTER SHED AT LOWER LEVEL) 433723 348126.3608 24 1087393 SMALL STONE BUILDING TO SOUTH OF DALLEY HOUSE 433387 349192.3608 25 1335701 DALLEY HOUSE 433401 349211.3608 26 1109215 BROADHOLM FARMHOUSE 434849 349337.3608 27 1109193 BOUNDARY WALLS TO WEST SIDE OF REAR WESTERN DRIVE AT WYVER FARM 433963.3151 349525.0198 28 1335323 RANGES OF FARM BUILDINGS INCLUDING CONNECTING WALLS AND GATE PIERS TO SOUTH WEST OF FOLDYARD AT WYVER FARM 433981 349555.3608 29 1109191 WESTERN RANGE OF FARM BUILDINGS AT WYVER FARM 433948.1654 349574.077 30 1109226 RANGES OF FARM BUILDINGS AND CONNECTING WALLS TO SOUTH EAST AT WYVER FARM 434003 349574.3608 31 1346567 WYVER FARMHOUSE 433951.4713 349600.8817 32 1109192 FARM BUILDING TO NORTH WEST OF FARMHOUSE AT WYVER FARM 433928.5039 349613.2268

76 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LISTED BUILDINGS - LCA 2: BELPER TOWN CENTRE, MILLS AND RIVERSIDE

CHARACTER AREA ID LISTED ENTRY NAME EASTING NORTHING 1 1087408 BELLE ACRE 434835 347261.3608 2 1417620 New Road Bridge (SPC8 27) 434811.7486 347281.504 3 1335695 THE OLD KING'S HEAD PUBLIC HOUSE 434950 347307.3608 4 1335686 THREE MONUMENTS TO BOURNE FAMILY ON SOUTH SIDE OF ENTRANCE GATES IN CHURCHYARD OF CENTRAL METHODIST CHURCH 434670 347317.3608 5 1109219 24, QUEEN STREET 435011 347325.3608 6 1335669 GATE PIERS, GATES AND EASTERN BOUNDARY WALL TO CHURCHYARD OF CENTRAL METHODIST CHURCH 434671 347329.3608 7 1335687 11-21, CHEAPSIDE 434963 347336.3608 8 1087366 7 AND 9, CHEAPSIDE 434989 347367.3608 9 1335292 37-40, MARKET PLACE 435031 347413.3608 10 1109208 36, MARKET PLACE 435038 347425.3608 11 1087397 11-17, BRIDGE STREET 434659 347458.3608 12 1335269 THE FOUNTAIN 435072 347467.3608 13 1417621 King Street Bridge (SPC8 28) 434810.3 347472.0825 14 1186848 21, BRIDGE STREET 434654 347483.3608 15 1335300 THE NAG'S HEAD PUBLIC HOUSE 435114 347498.3608 16 1299007 ALMSHOUSES 435229 347498.3608 17 1101536 12 AND 14, LANDER LANE (See details for further address information) 435155 347505.3608 18 1101791 16, 18 AND 20, MARKET PLACE 435073 347506.3608 19 1335668 CHURCH OF ST JOHN THE BAPTIST 435243 347532.3608 20 1100261 THE UNITARIAN SUNDAY SCHOOL 434965 347533.3608 21 1109228 1, HIGH STREET 435072 347550.3608 22 1087404 THE LION HOTEL 434671 347561.3608 23 1087364 BEECH LAWN 434939.1759 347630.4974 24 1087365 PREMISES OF BELPER PRE SCHOOL PLAYGROUP 434942.6458 347643.1096 25 1335694 CHURCHYARD WALLS, PIERS AND GATES AT CHURCH OF ST PETER 434983 347664.3608 26 1087376 PARISH CHURCH OF ST PETER 435081 347674.3608 27 1087356 BRIDGE OVER RAILWAY 434787.3961 347695.1494 28 1087405 FORMER BAPTIST SUNDAY SCHOOL AT REAR OF NUMBER 60 434684 347716.3608 29 1109227 RAILED WALL AND GATE PIERS ALONG WESTERN CHURCHYARD BOUNDARY AT CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH 434954 347724.3608 30 1335299 CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH 434980 347733.3608 31 1087368 LODGE AT FIELD HEAD HOUSE 435157 347734.3608 32 1099226 4-13, CROWN TERRACE 434656 347756.3608 33 1099915 THE CEDARS (DERBYSHIRE COUNTY COUNCIL CLINIC) 434896 347771.3608 34 1109236 Bridge over Railway 434775.1802 347778.7789 35 1100604 3 AND 4, JOSEPH STREET (See details for further address information) 434756.9324 347787.5028 36 1087377 86-94, BRIDGE STREET 434630 347793.3608 37 1109237 NAILERS SHOP AT NUMBER 8 434889 347797.3608 38 1087362 31 AND 32, GEORGE STREET (See details for further address information) 434808.2947 347797.5462 39 1087400 115, BRIDGE STREET 434602 347806.3608 40 1099195 98-104, BRIDGE STREET (See details for further address information) 434654 347808.3608 41 1100288 Bridge over Railway 434771.8422 347809.1572 42 1087357 RAILED WALL, GATE AND REAR WALL TO CHURCHYARD INCLUDING ALL MONUMENTS THEREIN 434975 347813.3608

77 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LISTED BUILDINGS - LCA 2: BELPER TOWN CENTRE, MILLS AND RIVERSIDE

CHARACTER AREA ID LISTED ENTRY NAME EASTING NORTHING 43 1186871 SAVINGS BANK 434623.2591 347821.2424 44 1186861 THE GEORGE INN 434597 347829.3608 45 1109225 3 AND 4, WILLIAM STREET 434858 347833.3608 46 1348701 UNITARIAN CHAPEL AND CHAPEL COTTAGE 434962 347838.3608 47 1109224 Bridge over Railway 434768.325 347839.5259 48 1087401 121-125, BRIDGE STREET 434590 347851.3608 49 1346572 38-47, SHORT ROWS 434945 347857.3608 50 1101738 26-36, SHORT ROWS 434909 347867.3608 51 1253777 GARAGE AND STORAGE BUILDING (ORIGINALLY LISTED AS NO 31) 434886 347869.3608 52 1087402 POST OFFICE 434588 347871.3608 53 1109222 PUMP OPPOSITE NUMBERS 30 AND 31 SHORT ROW 434919 347873.3608 54 1109216 Nos 2 to 16 (even) and No 20 Mill Street 434902 347880.3608 55 1087406 134, BRIDGE STREET 434606 347888.3608 56 1101486 71-77, LONG ROW 434623 347890.3608 57 1109244 68-70, LONG ROW 434684 347890.3608 58 1101509 64-67, LONG ROW 434709 347890.3608 59 1335305 40-53, LONG ROW 434788 347890.3608 60 1109245 STONE WALL TO NORTH AND WEST OF NUMBERS 68 TO 70 434659 347891.3608 61 1335306 58-63, LONG ROW 434728 347892.3608 62 1299001 CHRISTCHURCH VICARAGE 434574 347896.3608 63 1101499 "LAMP POST ON BRIDGE BETWEEN NUMBERS 53 AND 58 434908 345568.3608 64 1109243 STONE WALL IN FRONT OF PARAPET OF BRIDGE BETWEEN NUMBERS 53 AND 58 434764 347898.3608 65 1109242 Bridge over Railway 434762.8464 347901.5649 66 1109241 "STONE BAULKS OUTSIDE EACH HOUSE NUMBERS 7 TO 20 (CONSECUTIVE) AND NUMBERS 25 TO 36 (CONSECUTIVE) 434669.95 345861.285 67 1109240 5 AND 6, LONG ROW 434673 347913.3608 68 1101548 7-20, LONG ROW 434718 347913.3608 69 1101528 25-36, LONG ROW 434816 347914.3608 70 1299005 GATE PIERS AND GATES AT NORTH AND SOUTH ENTRANCES TO CHRIST CHURCH FROM BRIDGE STREET 434579 347925.3608 71 1335676 WALLS OF RAILWAY CUTTING EXTENDING FROM APPROXIMATLEY 35 YARDS NORTH OF LONG ROW TO FIELD LANE BRIDGE AND FROM APPROXIMATLEY 45 YARDS NORTH OF KING 434755 347927.3608 72 1391409 K6 TELEPHONE KIOSK 434581.6103 347948.6204 73 1335293 OLD POLICE STATION 434643 348014.3608 74 1087395 ROAD ARCHWAY AND FOOTBRIDGE (INCLUDES OFFICES FORMING SOUTH PART OF BLOCK IN EAST SIDE OF ARCHWAY) 434537 348036.3608 75 1109218 Footbridge over railway to the west of Pingle Lane (SPC8 34) 434755.6013 348043.7956 76 1109211 NORTHFIELD 434664 348049.3608 77 1335664 MILL CHIMNEY AT EAST MILL 434588 348067.3608 78 1336982 EAST MILL 434601.5874 348080.7945 79 1186846 NORTH MILL 434542 348081.3608 80 1087394 BELPER BRIDGE 434486 348130.3608 81 1335702 BELPER RIVER WEIRS, RETAINING WALLS AND SLUICES TO BELPER RIVER WEIRS 434540 348170.3608 82 1298994 18 AND 20, BRIDGE FOOT 434489 348199.3608 83 1109214 BANDSTAND IN RIVER GARDENS 434670 348223.3608 84 1087396 THE TALBOT HOTEL 434458 348262.3608

78 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LISTED BUILDINGS - LCA 2: BELPER TOWN CENTRE, MILLS AND RIVERSIDE

CHARACTER AREA ID LISTED ENTRY NAME EASTING NORTHING 85 1335665 BRIDGE FARMHOUSE 434479 348270.3608 86 1417623 Matlock Road Bridge (SPC8 35) 434761.9446 348297.0926 87 1335679 5-11, BELPER LANE 434478 348302.3608 88 1083560 3-7, WYVER LANE 434508 348307.3608 89 1335298 17-27, WYVER LANE 434570 348360.3608 90 1347781 5-8, THE SCOTCHES 434542 348488.3608

LISTED BUILDINGS - LCA 3A/B: BELPER RESIDENTIAL WEST/BELPER RESIDENTIAL EAST

CHARACTER AREA ID LISTED ENTRY NAME EASTING NORTHING 1 1099164 93, DERBY ROAD 434817 346510.3608 2 1335301 ZION METHODIST CHURCH 434927 346595.3608 3 1335696 47, DERBY ROAD 434801 346690.3608 4 1087359 STREET BOUNDARY WALL, AND BAULKS GATE PIERS AT NUMBER 66 434890.9018 346843.8063 5 1100335 FLEET COTTAGE 434877 346856.3608 6 1335685 GIBFIELD LANE BRIDGE OVER RAILWAY 434776.87 346858.8047 7 1087358 SUNNY BANK HOUSE 434906.7746 346912.9912 8 1087360 FLEET HOUSE 435001 347045.3608 9 1101766 MANOR FARMHOUSE 435094 347318.3608 10 1347790 43 AND 45, PARK SIDE 435380 347456.3608 11 1109239 POTTERY FARMHOUSE 436406.646 347574.7608 12 1109223 GATE PIERS AND GARDEN WALL TO SPENCER ROAD AT THE LAWN AND LAWN COTTAGE 435788 347808.3608 13 1335296 "LAWN COTTAGE 435791 347838.3608 14 1109238 POTTERY METHODIST CHURCH AND ADJOINING SCHOOLROOM 436108.577 347884.2508 15 1101563 20, KILBOURNE ROAD 436078 347895.3608 16 1109217 147, Over Lane, Belper 437093 347920.3608 17 1109210 TWO SETS GATE PIERS, SMALL GATE AND GARDEN WALL AT NUMBERS 112 AND 114 435560 348010.3608 18 1109209 THE LAWN 435594 348022.3608 19 1419077 Arched Stone Structures and Ice House to the rear of No 34A Lodge Drive 434275.3907 348314.5747 20 1335697 15 BELPER LANE 434484 348355.3608 21 1087388 17, BELPER LANE 434501 348376.3608 22 1335698 23, BELPER LANE 434501 348429.3608 23 1087389 38 AND 40, BELPER LANE 434436.2747 348529.9989 24 1335699 54 AND 56, BELPER LANE 434387 348608.3608 25 1087390 58-62, BELPER LANE 434383 348611.3608 26 1087391 64 AND 66, BELPER LANE 434375 348626.3608 27 1335700 82 AND 84, BELPER LANE 434368 348640.3608 28 1087392 86-92, BELPER LANE 434357 348656.3608 29 1335688 171 AND 173, FAR LAUND 436029 348909.3608

79 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LISTED BUILDINGS - LCA 4: BELPER WESTERN INDUSTRIAL FRINGE

CHARACTER AREA ID LISTED ENTRY NAME EASTING NORTHING 1 1390601 20,22&24, DERBY ROAD 434838.05 346358.936 2 1417689 DERBY ROAD BRIDGE (SPC8 25) 434758.425 346706.6332 3 1100259 HERBERT STRUTT PUBLIC BATHS AND ATTACHED CARETAKER'S HOUSE 434740.6771 346937.5588 4 1099180 SOUTH RANGE OF EASTERN COURTYARD AT BABINGTON HOSPITAL 434631 346945.3608 5 1087363 STONE WALL, PIERS AND RAILINGS ALONG GIBFIELD LANE AT HERBERT STRUTT PUBLIC BATHS 434733 346964.3608 6 1087380 MAIN ENTRANCE LODGE TO EASTERN COURTYARD AT BABINGTON HOSPITAL 434642 346972.3608 7 1349048 HERBERT STRUTT SCHOOL 434690 346977.3608 8 1087379 WESTERN RANGE TO EASTERN COURTYARD AT BABINGTON HOSPITAL 434603 346987.3608 9 1087381 NORTH RANGE OF EASTERN COURTYARD AT BABINGTON HOSPITAL 434630 347001.3608 10 1087382 EASTERN BOUNDARY RAILED WALLS AND PIERS AT BABINGTON HOSPITAL 434646 347003.3608 11 1087385 "RAILED WALL AT HERBERT STRUTT SCHOOL 434668.1674 347011.2449 12 1099208 NORTH LODGE AT BABINGTON HOSPITAL 434642 347020.3608 13 1099204 TWO GATEPIERS AND QUADRANT WALL AT PLAYING FIELD ENTRANCE TO SOUTH OF NUMBER 10 434643 347032.3608 14 1087378 NUMBER 10 (GIBFIELD LODGE) AND ATTACHED QUADRANT WALL AND END PIER 434644 347042.3608 15 1087384 WAREHOUSE NOW OCCUPIED BY DALTON AND COMPANY LIMITED SILKOLENE LUBRICANTS 434703 347133.3608 16 1389589 BROOK COTTAGE 434746.49 347152.7666 17 1087409 MILLS OCCUPIED BY GEORGE BRETTLE AND COMPANY LIMITED (THAT PART ALONG THE CHAPEL STREET FRONTAGE, BOUNDED ON THE NORTH BY THE 1834 BUILDING, INCLUDING 434659 347298.3608 NORTHERN REAR WING, AND, ON THE SOUTH, BY THE RECESSED, SINGLE STOREY RED BRICK BUILDING)

18 1081535 CENTRAL METHODIST CHURCH 434643 347326.3608 19 1335683 PREMISES OF THE HEXORAN COMPANY LIMITED 434583 347487.3608 20 1087354 UNITY MILL 434586 347528.3608 21 1087398 41-47, BRIDGE STREET 434628 347561.3608 22 1335666 CHEVIN VIEW 434591 347566.3608 23 1186854 61, BRIDGE STREET 434617 347663.3608 24 1186858 REAR BUILDING AT NUMBER 67 434597 347674.3608 25 1087399 63, 65 AND 67, BRIDGE STREET 434621 347674.3608 26 1335667 THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE INN 434618 347692.3608 27 1087403 CHRIST CHURCH 434563 347912.3608

80 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LISTED BUILDINGS - LCA 5: MILFORD AND MAKENEY

CHARACTER AREA ID LISTED ENTRY NAME EASTING NORTHING 1 2 1335268 REDHILL COTTAGE AND REDHILL FARMHOUSE 435269.2632 344331.2926 3 1335722 STONE RAMP AND WALLS TO FOLDYARD AT MOSCOW FARM 434629.9988 344434.379 4 1109246 MAKENEY TERRACE 435217 344438.3608 5 1099941 HAY BARN AT MOSCOW FARM 434702 344444.3608 6 1087351 1-3 Moscow Cottages 434598 344446.3608 7 1087352 RANGES TO NORTH, EAST AND WEST OF FOLDYARD AT MOSCOW FARM 434654 344465.3608 8 1099936 RANGES TO EAST OF HOUSE AT MOSCOW FARM 434678 344468.3608 9 1335721 MOSCOW FARMHOUSE 434670 344478.3608 10 1099944 EASTERN GATE PIERS AT FIELD ENTRANCE BOUNDARY WALL (AND COAL SHUTE) BESIDE DRIVE 434725.2438 344481.0942 11 1347930 MAKENEY YARD 435198 344496.3608 12 1087353 POULTRY HOUSES 434712 344503.3608 13 1109230 MILE STONE IN FRONT OF HOLLY BUSH INN 435192.879 344662.6448 14 1335302 THE HOLLY BUSH INN 435190.9375 344670.5341 15 1349067 STONE ARCH TO SOUTHERN ENTRANCE OF MILFORD RAILWAY TUNNEL 434477 344683.3608 16 1335307 FORGE COTTAGE 435074.0312 344911.0614 17 1335720 MILFORD HOUSE 434873.716 344986.2008 18 1109247 RETAINING WALLS TO WEIRS IN RIVER DERWENT NEAR FORMER FORGE MILL 435066 345046.3608 19 1087350 Milford House Cottages 434941.3744 345055.2995 20 1346577 47, SUNNY HILL 434676 345066.3608 21 1335297 7 AND 9, SUNNY HILL 22 1087387 MILFORD EBENEZER METHODIST CHURCH 435138 345096.3608 23 1087343 THE WILLIAM IV PUBLIC HOUSE 435140.5273 345110.2736 24 1083583 THE TOWER 25 1099189 MILFORD BRIDGE 435104 345121.3608 26 1087344 SOUTHERN PREMISES OF BILL LOMAS (MOTOR CYCLES) LIMITED 435146.6927 345126.3921 27 1253774 4, SUNNY HILL 434894 345128.3608 28 1087349 CANTEEN AT MILFORD DYEHOUSE 435009.187 345144.8228 29 1087348 BUILDING 51 MILFORD DYEHOUSE 435056 345146.3608 30 1087369 1-5, CHEVIN ALLEY 434991.1107 345147.7541 31 1335689 THREE IRON POSTS AT TOP OF WEST STEPS TO FOOTPATH IN FRONT OF CHEVIN ALLEY 434976.83 345149.5704 32 1335716 NORTHERN PREMISES OF BILL LOMAS (MOTOR CYCLES) LIMITED AND A PAIR OF COTTAGES ADJOINING TO THE NORTH 435153 345152.3608 33 1081498 CLOISTER 434982.244 345158.3668 34 1335719 CHIMNEY AT MILFORD DYEHOUSE 435015.189 345164.5438 35 1087345 MILFORD POST OFFICE 435155.8304 345165.1374 36 1087383 BRIDGE HOUSE 435136.747 345176.6608 37 1335717 QUARRY COTTAGES 435156.3538 345176.8488 38 1232504 K6 TELEPHONE KIOSK 435154.2767 345185.8273 39 1087374 MILFORD COUNTY JUNIOR MIXED AND INFANTS SCHOOL 434994 345186.3608 40 1253776 12A AND 14, WELL LANE (See details for further address information) 434930 345196.3608 41 1087371 13, 15 AND 17, CHEVIN ROAD 434962.2931 345199.9855 42 1389342 FORMER WELL HOUSE TO NORTH OF NO 14 434930.2751 345214.1965

81 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

LISTED BUILDINGS - LCA 5: MILFORD AND MAKENEY

CHARACTER AREA ID LISTED ENTRY NAME EASTING NORTHING 43 1087372 PREMISES OF APPOR LIMITED 434955 345230.3608 44 1081506 MILFORD VIEW 434964 345249.3608 45 1335691 MILFORD BAPTIST CHAPEL 434928 345278.3608 46 1335684 CHEVIN END FARMHOUSE 434463 345330.3608 47 1087347 RAILED STREET BOUNDARY WALL, NORTH WEST END PIER AND SOUTH WEST GATE AND GATE PIERS TO HOLY TRINITY CHURCHYARD 435100 345361.3608 48 1335718 WAR MEMORIAL 435085.3859 345365.0027 49 1087346 CHURCH OF THE HOLY TRINITY 435111 345370.3608 50 1109233 CARTSHED (TO NORTH OF WAR MEMORIAL DERBY ROAD) 435066 345386.3608 51 1087361 RETAINING WALLS TO WEIR ADJACENT TO GLOW WORM FOUNDRY 434884 345394.3608 1881-A3PDF-10000, 52 1100630 STONE WALLS, STEPS AND IRON POSTS TO FOOTPATH BETWEEN SOUTH END OF HOPPING HILL AND HOPPING HILL TERRACE, SHAW LANE 435113 345406.3608 53 1109234 57-64, HOPPING HILL 435045 345408.3608 54 1109231 PEAR TREE COTTAGE 435072 345414.3608 55 1348374 65, HOPPING HILL 435018 345441.3608 56 1099150 DUKE'S BUILDINGS 435004.3389 345446.4923 57 1366268 Milford Tunnel North Portal (SPC 8 21) 434604.2164 345454.7229 58 1109221 HOPPING HILL TERRACE COAL SHUTE ADJACENT TO NUMBER 14 WEST TERRACE 435072 345488.3608 59 1335303 1- 28 HOPPING HILL 434979 345509.3608 60 1417679 Chevin Road Bridge (SPC8 22) 434617.3508 345529.0746 61 1109232 29 AND 30, HOPPING HILL 434953 345531.3608 62 1100297 2 AND 3, FOUNDRY LANE, MILFORD 434854 345542.3608 63 1335304 31-52, HOPPING HILL 434908 345568.3608 64 1087386 21, 22 and 23 Derby Road 434855.821 345575.9368 65 1335295 "HOPPING HILL TERRACE EAST TERRACE 434871 345618.3608 66 1417680 Strutts Bridge (SPC8 23) 434669.95 345861.285

LISTED BUILDINGS - LCA 6: BULLSMOOR AND RURAL FRINGE EAST, BELPER CEMETARY AND RURAL FRINGE NORTH

CHARACTER AREA ID LISTED ENTRY NAME EASTING NORTHING 1 1101747 TURN PIKE COTTAGE 435872 344623.3608 2 1109229 WILDERSLEY FARMHOUSE 435356 346064.3608 39015 3 1109220 WHITE HART PUBLIC HOUSE 436150 346278.3608 4 1087367 LAUND FARMHOUSE 436228.5955 348950.8909 CMAPS-CM-566202-39015-061016 5 1109212 WESTERN BOUNDARY WALL, GATE AND END PIERS AT ENTRANCE TO BELPER CEMETERY 434989 348960.3608 6 1109213 CHAPELS AT BELPER CEMETERY 435067 349026.3608 7 1335294 LODGE AT ENTRANCE TO BELPER CEMETERY 434987 349049.3608 435058, 344993 8 1109235 LODGE FARMHOUSE 436583 349154.3608 9 1391410 K6 TELEPHONE KIOSK 434966.369 349162.4618 10 1186875 FARMHOUSE AT BROADHOLME HOUSE FARM 435094 349792.3608 11 1087407 RANGE OF FARM BUILDINGS IN COURTYARD AT BROADHOLME HOUSE FARM 435109 349816.3608 County Series N

82 1880-1881 W E 1:10,560

S 1:10,560

06 October 2016 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

APPENDIX B: HISTORIC MAPS

1881-A3PDF-10000,

39015 CMAPS-CM-566202-39015-061016 435058, 344993

County Series N 83 1880-1881 W E 1:10,560

S 1:10,560

06 October 2016 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

1950-A3PDF-10000,

39015 CMAPS-CM-566201-39015-061016 435143, 347728

Provisional N 1955 W E 1:10,560

S 1:10,560

06 October 2016

84 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

1880-A3PDF-10000,

39015 CMAPS-CM-566200-39015-061016 435143, 347728

County Series N 1879-1880 W E 1:10,560

S 1:10,560

07 October 2016

85 85 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

1881-A3PDF-10000,

39015 CMAPS-CM-566202-39015-061016 435058, 344993

County Series N 1880-1881 W E 1:10,560

S 1:10,560

06 October 2016

86 86 BELPER HERITAGE AND CHARACTER ASSESSMENT

1950-A3PDF-10000,

39015 CMAPS-CM-566203-39015-061016 435058, 344993

Provisional N 1950-1955 W E 1:10,560

S 1:10,560

06 October 2016

87

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