Noc from I&Cad

Reply to Additional Details Sought

S.No. EDS Reply 1. The EAC noted that PP has not Nallah: Permission has been obtained from I&CAD yet obtained the permission for Department vide lr. No.EE/IB/PDPL/DB/HD/D3/37/M, diversion of nallah (Jallaram dated 04.06.2020, for diversion of Jallaram nallah at two nallah) at two different places and different places (1st diversion after 10th year and 2nd road (Two public roads are diversion after 13th year). Plan showing the existing proposed for diversion) involved in Jallaram nallah including proposed diversions and the the proposal. Alternate access copy of NOC is enclosed as Annexure-1. should be provided accordingly for public use before diversion of the Road: Permission was obtained from state R&B road. department vide Lr.No.295/HD/DB/EEP/2020-21/209, dated 30.04.2020 for diversion of two roads with in the project boundary (Road-1 will be diverted after 3rd year and Road-2 will be diverted after 10th year). Further, it is to submit that before diverting these roads, alternate roads will be provided for public use. Plan showing the existing roads and proposed diversion including a copy of NOC is enclosed as Annexure-1A. 2. Effect of diversion of Jallaram It is to submit that I&CAD department carried out vagu (nallah) on River Godavari at inspections and certified that there will not be any effect Siripuram village needs to be of diversion of Jallaram nallah in the project area on the studied. River Godavari at Siripuram Village. Copy of the I&CAD letter is enclosed as Annexure-2.

Further, Environment Protection Training & Research Institute (EPTRI), Hyderabad, a NABET Accredited institute carried out a study to know the effect of diversion of Jallaram nallah on River Godavari at Siripuram village and it was found that there will be no effect of the diversion of Jallaram nallah within the project area on River Godavari at Siripuram village. The study report is enclosed as Annexure-2A. 3. Height of OB dump is proposed to A scientific study for the stability of slopes, high walls be about 120 m above ground and OB dumps was carried out by National Institute of level, necessary permission is Technology Karnataka (NITK), Surathkal and submitted desired from DGMS for this. that the height of internal and external dumps can be up to 120 m. Recommendations of the scientific study is enclosed as Annexure-3.

Accordingly, application for permission of dump height up to 120 m was submitted to DGMS along with the study report.

DGMS stated that OB dumps shall be formed and maintained as per the provisions laid down in Regulation No.108 of The Coal Mines Regulations, 2017 and no specific permission is required from DGMS. A copy of the letter received from DGMS and details of Reg. No.108, in this regard, is enclosed as

S.No. EDS Reply Annexure-3A. 4. The Committee also noted that Wild life conservation plan for schedule-I species was there are schedule-I species approved by PCCF for an amount of Rs.388.214 lakhs present in the study area. PP shall for a period of 4 years vide Lr. No.779/2007/WL-1, take the approval of the Wildlife dated 21.09.2020. conservation plan. The PP is operating the mine without the A copy of the approval letter from PCCF along with the said approval. Wild life conservation plan is enclosed as Annexure-4.

****

Annexure-1 Plan showing the Existing Nallah and proposed diversions Annexure-1 NOC obtained for Nallah Diversion from I&CAD department Annexure-1A

Plan showing the Existing Roads and Proposed diversion in the project Annexure-1A NOC for R&B department for Diversion of the roads in the project area Annexure-2

Certification from I&CAD that there will not be any effect of diversion of Jallaram Vagu in the project area on the River Godavari at Siripuram

Government of Telangana Irrigation & CAO Department

From: To: Sri K. Balaramaiah, B.E., The General Manager, Execu1ive Engineer, l&CADD. • Ramagundam Area- II, LB. Division, Peddapally. Singareni Collaries Company Limited.

Letter No EE/IB/PDPUOBfHD/03/ W rrJ Dated 04.06.2020 S ir, Sub: - Diversion of Jallaram nallah at two different places and effec1 of diversion on river Godavari al siripuram viliaruif Submission for replies Regarding.

Ref:-1) Singareni collieries Ref: RG2/0C3PO/G-29/478, Dt: 24-04-2020 2). DEE/IBIManthani, Lr. No.DEE/IBSO/MNT/54/A,..... Dt: 01-06-2020. With reference to the above subject cited, The General Manager, SCCL. Ramagundam Area- II has submitted the proposals for issue of NOC for Jallaram nallah diversion at two different places i.e. near K.K Nagar (1.70 km) and near vakilpaUy mine (LOO km).

In view of the above, the Deputy Executive Engineer, LB. Sub.Division. Manthani has inspected the site locations along with Assistant Executive Engineers of LB section, Kamanpur and LB section, Manthani vide ref?' cited, submitted that the Jallaram naOah is a seasonal naftah which flows through the Kamanpur, Ramagiri mandals and join in Godavari river at siripuram (v), Manthani (m) of Peddapally district and also stated that Chere is no effect on Godavari River at Siripuram (v) of Manthani (m) with the above diversions of Jallaram Nallah.

Hence, there is no objection with the Diversion of Jallaram Nallah at two different

places as re Wl1 not be aey e~ Godavari River at Siripuram (v) of Mciin ttiani (m)

d~ ,to !he above diversions of Jallaram Nallah.

This NOC is issUed fO< the approval of Environmental clearance ie., MOEF au1horities only. Study on Effect of Diversion of Jallaram Nallah Within project area on Godavari River at Siripuram Village

Project proponent:

Carried out & Prepared by:

E P T R I

ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION TRAINING & RESEARCH INSTITUTE Sy. No. 91/4, Gachibowli, Hyderabad November - 2020

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village Introduction:

Ramagundam opencast-III Expansion Phase-II coal mining project is being operated by M/s. The Singareni Collieries Company Limited. RG OC-III Expansion Phase-II mine is expansion of RG OC-III mine which was started in the year 1989-90, it is located in the central part of Ramagundam coal belt of Godavari Valley Coal filed and at about 4 km South East of Godavarikhani town, Near Jallaram Village, Kamanpur Mandal in Peddapally district of Telangana State. This Project lies between latitudes 18° 40’ 57” N to 18° 42’ 46” N and longitudes 79° 29’ 58” E to 79° 34’ 15” E in the Survey of India Topo-sheet No. 56 N/10. A plan showing location of the project and Topo map of the project is is shown in Figure-1a and 1b.

The present proposal is to obtain Environmental Clearance for 40 % capacity enhancement on the existing EC capacity under the provisions of Office memorandum vide J-11015/224/2015-IA.II, dated 15.09.2017 from 6.3 (peak 6.8) MTPA to 8.82 (peak 9.52) MTPA in the existing operations by capacity utilization of the existing equipment without lateral expansion in the project area of 2070.10 ha.

The area is being drained by the three seasonal nallahs, Jallaram nallah, Bokkala nallah and Tekumatla nallah, Out of these three seasonal nallahs, a part of Jallaram nallah is flowing through the project area which is proposed for diversion within the project area. In the 53rd EAC meeting held on 20.02.2020, EAC advised to study the effect of diversion of Jallaram nallah (nallah) on River Godavari at Siripuram village.

In this connection, a team consisting of functional experts from EPTRI, Hyd. has carried out a study on effect of diversion of Jallaram nallah within the project area on River Godavari at Siripuram village. During the field study, part of the existing Jallaram nallah falling in the project area, the proposed diversion area and the area near Siripuram village where the Jallaram nallah joins the River Godavari were inspected, water samples of both Jallram nallah and Godavari River were collected at required locations, flow characteristics of Jallaram nallah and conditions stipulated in NOC issued by I&CAD department for earlier diversion of the Jallaram nallah were studied. A brief report of the study on impacts due to proposed diversion of Jallaram nallah on Godavari River is furnished here under.

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 1

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village Figure-1a: Location plan

Figure 1b Topographical Map

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 2

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village 1. Physiography:

The buffer zone area is of flat to gently undulating terrain, dotted with hillocks and intervening sand patches. The area is drained by River Godavari dividing the buffer zone into two parts. The area on the northern side slopes towards south (i.e., towards Godavari River), while the area on the southern side slopes towards the northeast (i.e., towards Godavari River).

In general, the surface elevation of the buffer area on the northern side varies from 160m above MSL to 120m above MSL, while the area on the southern side of River Godavari varies from 200m above MSL to 120m above MSL. The mean topographic slope in the southern part is 3.72m per km towards northeast. Within the buffer zone an unnamed hill (277m above MSL) is located in north-western side. The Nagulagutta (422m above MSL) is located in the WWS. The Ramgir (538m above MSL) is located on the southern periphery. The hilly region is of bevelled cuesta type with intervening depressions. An unnamed hill (371m above MSL) is located on the south-eastern periphery. Along the Godavari River the area is periodically flooded, the flood plain comprises of thick un-consolidated alluvium thickness from 1.8 to 3.0 m.

2. Drainage:

The buffer area is drained by south easterly flowing Godavari River and its ephemeral tributaries viz., Jallaram nallah, Bokkala nallah and Tekumatla Nallah or Peddavagu. The central part of the area is drained by Jallaram nallah, while the southern part is drained by Bokkala nallah, both these tributaries confluence with the River Godavari at Siripuram and Khanapur villages respectively. The proposed RG OC-III Exp project is located in the Jallaram watershed area. The catchment of Jallaram nallah is about 138.00 sq.km. It originates at Nagulagutta (hill) at about 10km west of the project and flows towards northeast to join River Godavari at Siripuram village. The drainage is of dendritic type with a density of 3.6 km/sq.km. The highest flood level (HFL) of Godavari River recorded at intake well near GDK-1 Inc. on 10th October, 1995 is 138.10m above MSL. Drainage map of 10 Kms radius area from project is shown in Figure.No.2.

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 3

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village Fig.No.2: Drainage map of 10 Kms buffer area of the project

3. Brief Description of Jallaram nallah:

The Jallaram nallah is an ephemeral tributary of Godavari River, originates at Nallagutta, located at about 10 km southwest of the RG OC-III Expansion project and flows towards northeast to join River Godavari at Siripuram village. The total distance travled by the Jallaram Nallah from its origin to River Godavari river is about 25.76 km. The drainage is of dendritic type. The catchment area of Jallaram nallah is about 138.00 sq.km. The drainage density is 2.33 km/sq.km. During monsoon season, the flow level of Jallaram nallah rises by 3m to 6m above bed level and some extents of area is flooded beyond the nallah banks. Though Jallaram nallah is a seasonal stream, there is a very minor base flow during dry season. A map showing catchment area of Jallaram nallah, drainage and water bodies is shown in Fig.No.3a & 3b and the photographs showing original course of Jallaram nallah entering into the project area the present course within the project area and exist point out of the project area are shown in Fig.No.4a to 4c.

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 4

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

Fig.No.3a: Map showing Catchment area, drainage and water bodies of Jallaram vagu (nallah) and its environs

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 5

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village Fig.No.3a: Google Map showing the Existing Jallaram nallah drainage.

2600 MW Godavarikhani NTPC Power Plant town

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 6

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

Fig.No.4: Photograph showing the entry of Jallaram nallah into the mine boundary from natural course

Fig.No.4b Photograph showing the exit point of Jallaram nallah from mine boundary into natural course

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 7

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village Fig.No.4c Photographs showing the present course of Jallaram nallah within the Project area at different location within 6.2 km of its course

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 8

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 9

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 10

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village 4. Diversion of Jallaram nallah : The length of Jallaram nallah from origin to its confluence with River Godavari is 25.76 kms. The present course of the Jallaram nallah within the project area is about 6.20 km. Reduced levels (RLs) of the entry point and the exit point of the Jallaram nallah within the project boundary are 850.01m and 835.00m respectively and highest flood level recorded within the project area was 847.15 m. dated 19.09.2006. Jallaram nallah flowing across the project area was earlier diverted along the southern boundary of the project in the year 2014 covering a length of about 4.50 km, after obtaining NOC from I&CAD department vide lr. No.EE/ID/PDPL/DB/D3/94/M/1 dated 03.06.2014 as per the EC condition. The diverted nallah flow capacity is 12789 cusecs and the cost of the diversion was Rs.37.24 Crores. The diverted nallah was realigned with the original course of Jallaram nallah beyond the project. Thus, the main course of the Jallaram nallah was properly protected after its diversion.

A cross bund was constructed all along the earlier diverted course with following hydraulic particulars: Top Bank level (TBL)= +848.65 Maximum water level (MWL) = +847.45 Highest flood level ( HFL)=+847.15 Length of the bund=4.50 km Max height of the bund: 6.00m Top width of bund= 3.00 m Side slope in & out= 2:1 Type of Embankment= Homogeneous It is once again proposed to divert the course of Jallaram nallah in two phases. Initially, during phase-I (i.e., 10th year of mining operations), nallah will be further diverted south through the undisturbed area along the project boundary to maintain the natural drainage system and the length of the diversion is about 1.7 km. During Phase-II (i.e., 13th year of mining operations) diversion involves straightening of the existing nallah away from the quarry in east side of the project, for a length of about 1km. The 1st phase of nallah diversion is proposed for expanding the external dump area and the second diversion is only for straightening of the existing course of the nallah in order to reducing meandering of the nallah and resultant siltation. The existing course of Jallaram Nallah flowing within the project area and the proposed phase-I and phase-II diversions is shown in Figure-5a and 5b.

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 11

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

Figure- 5a Existing course of Jallaram Nallah flowing across the project area and its proposed diversion in two phases

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 12

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village Figure- 5b Map showing Catchment area, drainage and water bodies of Jallaram vagu (nallah) and its environs along with the Proposed Diversion of within the Project boundary

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 13

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

5. Anticipated Impact on River Godavari at Siripuram village due to diversion of Jallaram nallah within the project area. As, it is already mentioned, the Jallaram nallah has been diverted along the southern boundary of the project for a length of about 4.50 km and realigned with original course outside the project area, after obtaining approval from I&CAD Dept. for facilitating mining activities in accordance with the conditions stipulated in the existing EC. All the precautions were taken by the project authorities for protecting the regional drainage. Already Jallaram nallah is flowing within the project boundary and all possible mitigation measures like development of garland drains, toe walls, green belt on the dumps and settling ponds were undertaken to prevent the possibility of siltation of nallah due to soil erosion from the OB dumps during monsoon seasons, ETP’s were constructed to prevent the contamination of the nallah due to the discharge of the effluents from workshop and CHP, All the design parameters of the nallah are being maintained as per the NOC issued by the I&CAD department during the diversion in 2014. Now it is proposed to divert Jallaram nallah in two phases as described earlier in this report. Project authorities also approached the I&CAD department of Telangana State for issue of NOC for the proposed diversion of the Jallaram nallah within the project area. In this connection, I&CAD department inspected the locations where nallah diversion have been proposed within the project area and the area near Siripuram village where the Jallaram nallah is joining River Godavari and after a detailed study and issued NOC vide lr No. EE/IB/PDPL/DB/HD/D3/371m dt: 04.06.2020. I&CAD has stated in the NOC granted for nallah diversion that Jallaram nallah, is a seasonal nallah which flows through the Kamanpur, Ramagiri mandals and joins Godavari River at Siripuram village and also mentioned that there is no effect on Godavari River at siripuram village due to the diversion of Jallaram nallah within the project area. A copy of no objection letter issued by I&CAD is attached as Annexure-1 to this report. The anticipated impacts due to the opencast mining operations are siltation of nallah due to soil erosion from OB dump areas especially during monsoon season, ETP effluents entering the nallah, which may contaminate the Jallaram nallah and in turn River Godavari, if proper mitigation measures are not implemented in the project. 6. Mitigation Measures for protection of Jallaram vagu: The following pollution mitigation measures are proposed to be implemented in the project during diversion of Jallaram nallah so that there will not be any impact on River Godavari at Siripuram village.

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 14

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

i. Treatment mechanism for mine discharge water and other effluents: Mine seepage water and surface runoff water of project area is being collected in mine sump (in de-coaled quarry area). Thus the collected mine seepage water in mine sump is retained for settling of suspended solids. The mine discharge water after pumping on to the surface is channelled through the settling ponds for removal of suspended solids before letting out into the agricultural tanks. Settling ponds are already been provided in RG OC-III Expansion project for removal of suspended solids in the mine discharge water in order to conform to the standards stipulated for discharge of industrial effluents in to surface water bodies as per GSR-801 (E), dt. 31.12.1993 notified by MoEF&CC. The quality of mine discharge water is being monitored regularly and the analytical results of effluents are compared with GSR- 801 Standards for Inland surface waters, Public sewers and Land for irrigation. The results conforms that they are meeting the standards of the inland surface waters. To study the impact on water quality of surface water bodies, the upstream, downstream of Jallaram nallah and River Godavari were monitored, in accordance with CPCB water quality criteria, parameters studied were pH, DO, BOD and total Coliforms. The water quality conforms to Class B of CPCB standards. As a part of Post Project Environment Monitoring (PPEM) the quality of mine discharge water, CHP ETP treated effluent, Base Work Shop ETP treated effluent, surface water quality on upstream and downstream of Jallaram nallah & River Godavari, ground water samples of surrounding villages are being monitored at regular intervals through EPTRI, Hyderabad, a CPCB recognized and NABL accredited laboratory in order to ensure that the surface and ground water bodies are not contaminated by mine discharge water. The details of the quality of the mine discharge, surface water quality are shown in the Table 1 & 2 and the map showing the location is shown in Figure-6. Presently, about 8996m3/day is being pumped from the existing RG OCP–III Expansion Project and about 5740 m3/day is being utilised for project requirement like 5000 m3/day for dust suppression, washing of HEMM, 490 m3/day for Domestic use, 250 m3/day for plantation and excess water of around 3256 m3/day is being discharged into the local streams/tanks after treatment which will be used by nearby villages for agriculture purpose. There will be no impact of Jallaram nallah diversion within the project area either to the existing beneficiaries located on the down steam side or on the River Godavari and its Ecosystem. General topography and drainage network in the project area shows that the surface drainage is not likely to pose any problem due to this diversion.

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 15

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

Figure- 6 Map showing the Surface water and Effluents monitoring location.

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 16

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

Table No. 1. Effluents Quality (Mine discharge water) (As per part-A of general standards for discharge of environmental pollutants Part –A: Effluents (GSR 801) (E))

Standards Result Part –A: Effluents (GSR 801) (E) Test Test RG OCP RG OCP III S.No Unit RG OCP-III Parameter (s) Method Inland surface Public Land for III CHP Base Mine water sewers irrigation ETP workshop Discharge outlet ETP outlet (a) (b) (c) EW-1 EW-2 EW-3 Pt-co- 1 Colour 2120. B * -- * 5 15 10 Scale No odour No odour No odour 2 Odour TON 2150. B * -- * observed observed observed Total 3 Suspended mg/L 2540. D 100 600 200 34 43 52 Solids Particle size of Shall pass 850 4 suspended mg/L -- -- Pass Pass Pass Micron IS sieve solids 4500- 5 pH -- 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 7.5 7.4 7.0 H+B Shall not exceed 5˚C above the 6 Temperature °C 2550. B -- -- 25.3 25.6 25.1 receiving water temperature 7 Oil & Grease mg/L 5520. B 10 20 10 <1 3.6 5.4 Ammonical 4500- 8 mg/L 50 50 -- BDL BDL BDL Nitrogen NH3 -C Total Kjeldahl 4500- 9 mg/L 100 -- -- BDL BDL BDL Nitrogen Norg.C

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 17

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

Standards Result Part –A: Effluents (GSR 801) (E) Test Test RG OCP RG OCP III S.No Unit RG OCP-III Parameter (s) Method Inland surface Public Land for III CHP Base Mine water sewers irrigation ETP workshop Discharge outlet ETP outlet (a) (b) (c) EW-1 EW-2 EW-3 4500- 10 Free Ammonia mg/L 5.0 -- -- BDL BDL BDL NH3 -D Biochemical Oxygen 11 mg/L IS:3025 30 350 100 5 9 16 Demand (3 days at 27°C) Chemical 12 Oxygen mg/L 5220. D 250 -- -- 34 42 54 Demand 13 Arsenic as As mg/L 3120.B 0.2 0.2 0.2 BDL BDL BDL 3500- 14 Mercury as Hg μg/L 0.01 0.01 -- BDL BDL BDL Hg.B 15 Lead as Pb mg/L 3120.B 0.1 1.0 -- BDL BDL BDL Cadmium as 16 mg/L 3120.B 2.0 1.0 -- BDL BDL BDL Cd Hexavalent 3500- 17 Chromium as mg/L 0.1 2.0 -- BDL BDL BDL Cr+6.B Cr+6 Total Chromium 18 mg/L 3120.B 2.0 2.0 -- BDL BDL BDL as Cr 19 Copper as Cu mg/L 3120.B 3.0 3.0 -- 0.05 0.04 BDL 20 Zinc as Zn mg/L 3120.B 5.0 15 -- 0.11 0.09 0.13 21 Selenium as Se mg/L 3120.B 0.05 0.05 -- BDL BDL BDL 22 Nickel as Ni mg/L 3120.B 3.0 3.0 -- BDL BDL BDL

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 18

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

Standards Result Part –A: Effluents (GSR 801) (E) Test Test RG OCP RG OCP III S.No Unit RG OCP-III Parameter (s) Method Inland surface Public Land for III CHP Base Mine water sewers irrigation ETP workshop Discharge outlet ETP outlet (a) (b) (c) EW-1 EW-2 EW-3 23 Fluoride as F- mg/L 4500-F.C 2.0 15 -- 0.590 0.635 0.610 Dissolved 24 mg/L 4500-P.D 5.0 -- -- BDL BDL BDL Phosphates 4500-S2- 25 Sulphide mg/L 2.0 -- -- BDL BDL BDL .G Phenolic 26 Compounds as mg/L 5530-D 1.0 5.0 -- BDL BDL BDL C6H5OH 90% 90% 90 % 100 % 90% survival of survival of survival of survival of 100 % survival survival of 8010 F,G fish after 96 fish after fish after fish after of fish after 96 27 Bio-assay test %Survival fish after 96 & H hours in 100% 96 hours 96 hours in 96 hours hours in 100 % hours in 100 effluent in 100% 100% in 100 % effluent % effluent effluent effluent effluent Manganese as 28 mg/L 3120.B 2 2 -- BDL BDL BDL Mn 29 Iron as Fe mg/L 3120.B 3 3 -- 0.21 0.18 0.34 30 Vanadium as V mg/L 3120.B 0.2 0.2 -- BDL BDL BDL 31 Nitrate Nitrogen mg/L PDA 10 -- -- BDL BDL BDL Total residual 4500-Cl - 32 mg/L 1.0 -- -- BDL BDL BDL chlorine B

BDL: Below Detection Limit. Minimum detection limit : Ammonical Nitrogen – 5 mg/L;Free Ammonia – 0.03mg/L; BOD – 2 mg/L; Arsenic – 0.02 mg /L ; Mercury –20 µg/L;Lead –0.04 mg/L; Cadmium – 0.01 mg/L; Hex.Chromium – 0.05 mg/L; Total Chromium – 0.02 mg/L; Copper – 0.02 mg/L;

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 19

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

Selenium – 0.04mg /L; Nickel – 0.03 mg/L; Cyanide – 0.05 mg/L; Sulphide – 1 mg/L; Phenols 0.1 mg/L; Manganese – 0.01 mg/L; Vanadium 0.01mg/L, TKN-5 mg/L, Residual free chlorine-1mg/L. Table No. 2. Surface water quality of Jallaram Nallah and River Godavari RESULT CPCB Water Quality Criteria SW-2 (Jallaram Test SW-1 SW-3 SW-4 S.No. Parameters Unit Nallah D/S Method (Jallaram (Godavari (Godavari near Class A Class B Class C Nallah U/S) River U/S) River D/S) Siripuram village) 1. pH - 4500-H+B 6.5 -8.5 6.5 -8.5 6 – 9 7.7 7.8 7.6 7.9 2. Temperature ºC 2550. B - - - 25.0 25.3 25.6 25.3 3. Turbidity NTU 2130. B - - - 5.0 6.8 3.1 1.8 µmhos/ 4. Electrical Conductivity 2510-B - - - 1300 686 cm 1520 1640 o 5. Total Dissolved Solids at 180 C mg/L 2540.C - - - 915 993 710 390

o 12 6. Total Suspended Solids at 105 C mg/L 2540. D - - - 12 17 14 6 mg/l or 5 mg/l 4 mg/l or 7. Dissolved Oxygen mg/L 4500-O.C 5.7 5.3 more or more more 6.2 5.9 Bio chemical Oxygen Demand for 3 days 2 mg/l or 3 mg/l 3mg/l or 8. mg/L IS: 3025 5 4 at 27o C less or less Less 3 5 50 or 500 or 5000 or 9. Total Coliforms MPN/100mL 9221A & B 280 240 less less less 170 280 10. Fecal Coliforms MPN/100mL 9221 E - - - 23 70 33 17 Presence Absent Absent 11. E. coli or Absence/ 9221 F - - - Absent Present MPN/100 mL 12. Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/L 5220. D - - - 26 30 30 16 13. Chlorides as Cl- mg/L 4500-Cl-.B - - - 182 193 245 53 - 14. Nitrites as NO2 mg/L 4500-NO2 .B - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL - 15. Nitrates as NO3 mg/L 4500-NO3 .B - - - 15 22 3.5 2.6 2- 2 16. Sulphates as SO4 mg/L 4500-SO4 .E - - - 105 157 72 49 17. Arsenic as As mg/L 3120. B - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL 18. Lead as Pb mg/L 3120. B - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL 19. Zinc as Zn mg/L 3120. B - - - 0.06 0.17 0.16 0.17

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 20

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

20. Cadmium as Cd mg/L 3120. B - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL 21. Total Chromium as Cr mg/L 3120. B - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL 22. Nickel as Ni mg/L 3120. B - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL 23. Iron as Fe mg/L 3120. B - - - 0.17 1.04 0.94 0.08 24. Copper as Cu mg/L 3120-B - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL

25. Boron as B mg/L 3120-B 0.09 0.56 0.23 0.08 - - - 26. Colour Pt-co-scale 2120. B - - - 20 25 15 20 No odour No odour No odour No odour 27. Odour TON 2150. B - - - observed observed observed observed

28. Ammonical Nitrogen as NH3-N mg/L 4500-NH3 –C - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL 29. Total Phosphates mg/L 4500-P-D - - - BDL BDL BDL BDL 30. Oil & Grease mg/L 5520. B - - - <1 <1 <1 <1

NTU – Nephelometric Turbidity Unit; TON – Threshold Odour Number; BDL – Below Detection Limit, Detection Limit – Boron – 0.05 mg/L; Nitrites – 0.02 mg/L; Ammonical Nitrogen – 5 mg/L; Phosphates – 0.02 mg/L; Bio chemical Oxygen Demand as BOD – 3 mg/L; Arsenic –0.02 mg/L; Lead – 0.04 mg/L; Cadmium – 0.01 mg/L; Chromium – 0.02 mg/L; Nickel – 0.02 mg/L; Zinc as Zn – 0.01 mg/L;; Mercury as Hg-0.02 mg/L , ND-Not Detected; Pesticides Detection Limit – 0.1 ppm.

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 21

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

ii. Monitoring of quality of Effluents as well as surface water bodies

Effluents Quality: The effluent analysis results are compared with the tolerance limits for general standards for discharge of environmental pollutants, Part–A: Effluents (GSR 801 (E), presented in the Table 1. The results are compared with Inland Surface Waters Category. From the results it can be seen that pH values ranged between 7.0 to 7.5 and the Fluoride values ranged between 0.590 to 0.635 mg/L, were within the stipulated limits. The Total Suspended solids, Oil & Grease, Ammonical Nitrogen, Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen, COD, BOD and Sulphide for all the collected samples well within the standard limits.

The concentration of metals like Cadmium (as Cd), Arsenic (as As), Copper (as Cu), Selenium (as Se), Zinc (as Zn), Nickel (as Ni), Iron (as Fe), Mercury (as Hg), Lead (as Pb) and Vanadium (as V) were either below the stipulated limits or below their detection limits at all the locations.

In order to assess the potential effects of pollutants in aquatic biota, bioassay test is considered to be the best. Fish bioassay test enables us to detect the tolerance and toxicity levels of the effluents or toxic chemical substances. The samples analyzed for the fish bioassay test has shown no toxic effect on the test organism (Gambusia affinis, procured from Department of Fisheries, Government of TS) for 96 hrs and found to be within the prescribed limits (GSR 801 (E) 1986) at all the locations.

The parameters which are identified as critical parameters for effluents from coal mines are well within the limits stipulated in standards for coal mines by MoEF&CC. The complete analysis of effluents indicates that the quality conforms to standards stipulated for discharge in to inland surface waters.

Surface Water Quality Comparison with CPCB water quality criteria The major findings are as follows: pH values were found to be 7.6 to 7.9 in the samples. Total coliforms and fecal coliforms were present in all the surface water samples collected in the study area. E. coli is absent all the samples collected within the study area. Presence of Total coliforms, fecal coliforms

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 22

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village shows contamination from fecal matter or sewage entry and not suitable for direct drinking purpose and needs chlorination before treatment.

It may be observed that the surface water samples have DO values 5.7 to 6.2 mg/L. BOD is found to 3 mg/L & above 3 mg/L in the samples collected.

iii. Measures to prevent soil erosion from dumps and inadvertent entry of nallah overflow water into quarry.  Pollution of surface water is mainly due to soil erosion and wash-off from overburden dumps and associated material in monsoon season. The following measures are being taken in the project for prevention of soil erosion and siltation into the Jallaram Nallah:

 The garland drains, deck drains, sedimentation tanks and check dams were provided for the OB dump and around the project area to reduce soil erosion. So far Garland drains of 11.26 Km length,10 nos.of Rock Fill dams, 2 nos.of Gabions and 5 nos. of sedimentation tanks were constructed for OB dumps to prevent soil erosion and to arrest suspended solid.

 Rock toe walls are being constructed around the dump. So far 1.00 km length of Rock toe wall was constructed along the external dump.

 The surface runoff rain water from dump area is being collected through deck drains, garland drains, rock toe wall into settling pond provided for dumps and water is being allowed into nearby tank through check dam after settling of suspended solids. The OB dump surface runoff settling pond outlet is being monitored as per CPCB guidelines and meeting the stipulated norms.

 Stage wise biological reclamation is being taken up on stabilized dumps. As on 31.03.2020, plantation was done in an area of 411.74 ha under progressive reclamation.

 The excess mine discharge water will be discharged into nearby irrigation tanks after treatment for the use of nearby villages for irrigation.

 Regular de-silting of drains, settling ponds, check dams, etc., is being taken up before monsoon season.

 The quality of mine discharge water, Base workshop ETP out let, CHP ETP out let, upstream & downstream of Jallaram nallah and River Godavari are

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 23

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village being monitored for meeting the stipulated norms. The monitoring will be continued till the mine closure as per the CPCB / MoEF&CC guidelines.

 A safety zone distance of 50 m from quarry limit line will be left against the diverted nallah and 3-tier plantation will be taken up in safety zone.

 A flood protection bund of 6.0 m to 3.0 m height and 6m to 15m width at the top has been already constructed against the diverted portion of Jallaram nallah to avoid inadvertent entry of water into the quarry area during earlier diversion. photo graphs of the present protection bund is shown in Figure No.7.

 Stone pitching was carried out venerable points in the diverted portion of the nallah to strength the bund.

 A flood protection bund of 6.0 m to 3.0 m height and 30 m width at the top will be constructed for the proposed portion of diversion to avoid inadvertent entry of water into the quarry area. Plan showing the existing and proposed protection bund is shown in Figure No.8

 All measures advised by I&CAD department of Government of Telangana will be implemented in the project in order to ensure that there will be no reduction in the total quantity of flow in Jallaram nallah on the downstream due to the proposed diversion. As the diversion will not affect the gradient or velocity of the flow in the downstream side, there will be no impact on hydrology of the area and to the existing beneficiaries in surrounding villages.

 3-tier plantation will be taken up in safety zone area of nallah with following species.

 Species: Terminalia bellarica, Mitragyna parvifolia, Dlbergia latifollia, Hardwickia binata, Azardirachta indica, Ficus racemosa, Madhuca longifolia, Pongamia pinnata, Bombax ceiba, Annona squamosa, Ficus bengalensis, Emblica officinalis, Bauhinia purpurea, Dendrocalamus strictus, Adina cordifolia, Pterocarpus marsupium, Syzygium cumini, Tamarindus indica, Aegle marmelos, Ficus religiosa, Ficus mollis, Dalbergia sissoo, Albizia lebbek, Albizia procera, Sterculia urens, Terminalia tomentosa, Pithecellobium dulce.  Planting with soil binders like Saccharum munja (tufts) etc. will be taken up.

 Preference will be given for dibbling of legume seeds like Stylosanthus hamata, Babul, Glyrecidia, Sesbania, Sun hemp, Crotalaria, etc., which have the advantage of not only good regeneration capacity but also enriching the soil through rhizobial activity. The plantation will be taken up duly supported with gabions, gully plugs and cribs. Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 24

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village

Fig-7: Pictures of the existing protection bund along the earlier diverted Jallaram nallah in the project area.

Pitching at venerable point along the earlier diverted course of the nallah

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 25

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village Fig. No.8:The plan showing the Existing and proposed protection bund along the Jallaram nallah within the project area.

Summer storage tank in an area of 14.07 ha. adjacent to the stabilized external OB dump

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 26

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village Conclusion: Measures like Garland drain, deck drain, check dams, settling ponds, rock toe walls, etc., are being taken up at RG OC III Projects for prevention of soil erosion from the project area into the Jallaram nallah and mine discharge and other effluents are being treated to the desired standards before letting out into the nallah. A flood protection bund of 6.0 m to 3.0 m height is provided for present course of the Jallaram nallah and same will be done for the proposed diversion also. It is proposed to take up 3-tier plantation with native species in safety zone between the quarry and the nallah and also on the flood protection bund. As there will be no reduction in the total quantity of flow in the downstream due to the diversion, there will be no impact on hydrology of the area and to the existing beneficiaries in surrounding villages. Also, the excess treated mine water is also let out in to nearby agriculture tanks, it helps in more water availability for the downstream users for raising two crops in a year. SCCL also developed a summer storage tank in an area of 14.07 ha. adjacent to the stabilized external OB dump area, which helps in augmentation of ground water recharge in the area and also is a constant source of water for nearby agriculture fields. The quality of Jallaram nallah, Godavari River and mine discharge water will be periodically monitored in order to assess the quality and to take necessary pollution prevention measures in the project. Hence, it is concluded that there will be no impact of the diversion of Jallaram nallah within the project area of RG OC-III expansion Phase-II mine on River Godavari at Sirpiuram village, Even though with the implementation of above mentioned mitigative measures it is ensured that both Jallaram nallah and River Godavari are protected. ***

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 27

E P T R I

Annexure‐1 Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village NOC FROM I&CAD

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 28

E P T R I

Impact of Jallaram nallah diversion on River Godavari at Siripuram Village Annexure‐2

NOC FROM I&CAD for earlier diversion

Prepared by EPTRI, Hyderabad 29

E P T R I

Annexure-3

A REPORT ON

SCIENTIFIC STUDY FOR THE STABILITY OF SLOPES, IDGHW ALLS AND OB DUMPS OF RAMAGUNDAM OPENCAST-lll EXPANSION PROJECT, RAMAGUNDAM-11 AREA OF SCCL (Consultancy Project Code: TC/MN/56)

SUB.MITTED TO:

THE GENERAL MANAGER (R&D) THE SINGARENI COLLIERIES COMPANY LIMITED P.O. KOTHAGUDEM- 507 101 DIST: BHADRADRI KOTHAGUDEM TELANGANA STATE

DR. KARRA. RAM CHANDAR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR & BEAD DEPARTMENT OF MINING ENGINEERING NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KARNATAKA, SURATHKAL (GOVERNMENT OF INDIA) MANGALORE - 575 025 (OCT, 2020)

Dr. Karra Ram Chandar, NITK-Surathkal, Govt. of India

4. CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS

Based on preliminary investigations and modeling studies under different conditions, the following conclusions are made for safe working benches in Ramagundam OC-III

Expansion Project of Ramagundam –II area of The Singareni Collieries Company

Limited.

CONCLUSIONS

1. Initially a field visit was made and a reconnaissance survey was done to

understand the working conditions, bench configuration etc.

2. Different bench configuration and dump configuration details /sections were

collected from the Project site.

3. Geotechnical parameters were collected from borehole data and from which

required input rock properties were predicted using RocData software.

4. Samples were collected from different benches and were brought to the laboratory

of NITK-Surathkal. Different physico- mechanical properties were determined

and found to be reasonably in correlation with the borehole data.

5. Models were developed with different bench configuration and in each model,

the coal seams were incorporated at their respective locations.

6. Limit equilibrium based Slide software is used to assess the slopes, highwall and

dumps under different conditions.

7. FOS values of slopes and Highwall are given in Table 4.1 and that of dumps are

given in Table 4.2.

8. All the cases have resulted a good FOS values of more than 1.5, under both dry

and wet conditions, which indicates safe condition.

Dr. Karra Ram Chandar, NITK-Surathkal, Govt. of India

TABLE 4.1. SUMMARY OF FOS VALUES OF SLOPES AND HIGHWALL Bench Dip/Rise Dry/wet Condition Method FOS Remarks Condition Bishop 2.221 Safe Dry Janbu 2.150 Safe Case-1.1 Rise side Bishop 1.864 Safe Wet Janbu 1.815 Safe Bishop 3.983 Safe Dry Janbu 3.867 Safe Case-1.2 Dip side Bishop 3.380 Safe Wet Janbu 3.280 Safe Bishop 1.736 Safe Dry Janbu 1.695 Safe Case-2.1 Rise side Bishop 1.517 Safe Wet Janbu 1.515 Safe Bishop 3.284 Safe Dry Janbu 3.176 Safe Case-2.2 Dip side Bishop 2.804 Safe Wet Janbu 2.706 Safe Bishop 1.715 Safe Dry Janbu 1.709 Safe Case-3.1 Rise side Bishop 1.569 Safe Wet Janbu 1.543 Safe Bishop 2.771 Safe Dry Janbu 2.702 Safe Case-3.2 Dip side Bishop 2.374 Safe Wet Janbu 2.310 Safe Bishop 1.601 Safe Dry Janbu 1.537 Safe Case-4.1 Dip side Bishop 1.572 Safe Wet Janbu 1.511 Safe Bishop 1.634 Safe Dry Janbu 1.594 Safe Case-4.2 Rise side Bishop 1.551 Safe Wet Janbu 1.508 Safe

Dr. Karra Ram Chandar, NITK-Surathkal, Govt. of India

TABLE-4.2. SUMMARY OF DUMP STABILITY ANALYSIS RESULTS Deck Conditions Dry/wet Type of Method FOS Remarks Condition failure Bishop 1.707 Safe Dry Circular Janbu 1.562 Safe Case-5.1 Bishop 1.672 Safe Wet Circular Janbu 1.533 Safe Bishop 1.692 Safe Dry Circular Janbu 1.545 Safe Case-5.2 Bishop 1.663 Safe Wet Circular Janbu 1.521 Safe Bishop 1.615 Safe Dry Circular Janbu 1.535 Safe Case-5.3 Bishop 1.589 Safe Wet Circular Janbu 1.518 Safe Bishop 1.898 Safe Dry Circular Janbu 1.817 Safe Case-5.4 Bishop 1.857 Safe Wet Circular Janbu 1.782 Safe

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. The mine management may adopt the bench configuration as per approved mine

plans for different stages as each case gave satisfactory FOS values in modeling

studies.

2. As far as possible the working bench should be wider to the possible extent.

3. As proposed, the final highwall consists of 22 benches up to a mine depth of

215m on dip side may be adopted. The section is shown in the following Figure

4.1 and bench configuration is shown in Table 4.3. Rise side bench configuration

is shown in Table 4.4. Rise side slope angle will be 410 and dip side is around 38o

Dr. Karra Ram Chandar, NITK-Surathkal, Govt. of India

TABLE 4.3 FINAL HIGHWALL BENCH CONFIGURATION – DIP SIDE Bench Number Height (m) Width (m) Slope angle 0 1. 5 6.36 70 0 2. 10 6.36 70 0 3. 10 6.36 70 0 4. 10 6.36 70 0 5. 10 6.36 70 0 6. 10 6.36 70 0 7. 10 6.36 70 0 8. 10 6.36 70 0 9. 10 6.36 70 0 10. 10 30.00 70 0 11. 10 6.36 70 0 12. 10 6.36 70 0 13. 10 6.36 70 0 14. 10 6.36 70 0 15. 10 6.36 70 0 16. 10 6.36 70 0 17. 10 6.36 70 0 18. 10 6.36 70 0 19. 10 6.36 70 0 20. 10 30.00 70 0 21. 10 6.36 70 0 22. 10 15.00 70

Dr. Karra Ram Chandar, NITK-Surathkal, Govt. of India

FIG. 4.1 SECTION SHOWING THE FINAL STAGE OF THE PROJECT

TABLE 4.4 FINAL HIGHWALL BENCH CONFIGURATION – RISE SIDE Bench Number Height (m) Width (m) Slope angle 1. 3 10 700 2. 10 6.36 700 3. 10 6.36 700 4. 10 6.36 700 5. 10 6.36 700 6. 10 6.36 700 7. 10 6.36 700 8. 10 6.36 700 9. 10 6.36 700 10. 10 6.36 700 11. 10 6.36 700 12. 10 30.00 700 13. 10 6.36 700 14. 10 6.36 700 15. 10 6.36 700 16. 10 6.36 700 17. 10 6.36 700 18. 10 FLOOR 700

Dr. Karra Ram Chandar, NITK-Surathkal, Govt. of India

4. The mine management should inspect the benches periodically to see if any minor

or local discontinues/disturbances, which may cause slope failures, as such cases

are not modeled. A competent officer may be given this responsibility.

5. As far as possible benches should not be parallel to fault planes to avoid failures.

6. It is always better to inspect the benches after the blasting operations, as blasting

being a dynamic activity may influence bench stability. If any loose /hanging rock

found, it’s better to clear before taking the next cyclic operations.

7. Infact, the influence of blasting is incorporated while estimating the cohesive

strength and angle of internal friction in the form of disturbance factor (D).

8. It is also always advisable to clear the fragmented material before the next blast,

as the fragmented material acts as external load on the bench.

9. After every blast, a competent officer should inspect the blasted bench and

adjacent benches for any slope failure/possible failure.

10. The mine management should maintain an effective drainage system in order to

avoid inrush of water during rainy season on to the benches. An effective drain

management system should be in place even in peak rainy day, the water should

move away from the benches/workings.

11. Effective channels should be maintained to channelize the rain water which is

falling within mine premises/on the benches. Every step to be taken to avoid the

rock mass to move from dry condition to fully saturated condition. As saturation

level increases the stability of rock decreases.

Dr. Karra Ram Chandar, NITK-Surathkal, Govt. of India

Dump Stability

12. In case of external dumps, 4 decks with each deck of 30m height and 30m wide

and with 35 degrees of slope angle may be maintained.

13. In case of internal dumps also, after reaching ground level, 4 decks of each 30m

height (total 120m height) and 30m wide and with 35 degrees of slope angle may

be maintained above ground level.

14. Existing internal dump along with external dump above it (Fig. 4.2.) also was

analyzed found to be under safe condition.

15. After reaching the internal dump to ground level, 4 more decks of each 30m

height (total height 120m) with 30m width with a slope angle of 35o can be

maintained.

FIG. 4.2 SECTION SHOWING INTERNAL DUMP

16. As compacting of dumping is very important, compacting to be done once in

every 10 to 15m dumping.

Dr. Karra Ram Chandar, NITK-Surathkal, Govt. of India

17. Before starting external dump, the top soft soil to be removed. While forming the

dump, the dump slope angle should be less than the angle of repose of the

dumping material.

18. Along with geometrical aspects, presence of water is the main reason for dump

instability. So in order to avoid locking /percolation of rain water into the dump,

the dump should be stabilized frequently and a gentle slope to be maintained to

move the water away from the top.

19. All around the dump, an effective channel/collector should be made and

maintained with free of any debris and other silt etc.

20. All necessary precautions to be taken to arrest the rolling boulders by making a

bund around the dump.

21. The distance between the base of the dump and active workings or any important

structure should be equivalent of minimum of dump height or 120m, whichever

is more.

Slope and Dump Monitoring

22. A detailed different methods of slope monitoring are given in Section- 3 of this

report. Mine management can adopt surveying method using Total Station &

Prisms to monitor deformation in slopes and dumps in addition to visual

inspection under the supervision of a competent officer. As the mining activities

are to be taken up with in a limited bench width, as far as possible in every

alternative bench (or with 20 to 25m apart incase of small height benches), there

must be a monitoring point along the vertical section.

Dr. Karra Ram Chandar, NITK-Surathkal, Govt. of India

23. Horizontally, the monitoring distance between two consecutive points should not

exceed by more than 150m.

24. The dump monitoring also to be carried out using total station and prism by

establishing permanent stations, and as far as possible above mentioned grid may

be maintained.

25. It is recommended to monitor the slopes, highwalls and OB dumps atleast on

weekly basis by adopting conventional method of slope monitoring with a

combination of Total station and monitoring prisms/ pillars. The periodicity of

monitoring can be changed based on the site requirements and also based on the

data generated time to time.

26. Slope monitoring trigger points of observed values like warning level, withdrawal

level etc., shall be decided based on the field data generated.

27. All the data generated along with field observations to be maintained in a separate

28. Extensive research studies carried out by Kumar & Ram Chandar (2017) and

Kumar (2019) revealed that the influence of old galleries will be only in the

immediate above bench, Infact the influence of old galleries will be more on

partition than on bench slope. So, while working in the vicinity of the old

underground workings, extra care to be taken to monitor the partition, as partition

has more influence compared to slope.

29. In suspicious areas for spontaneous heating/mine fires, the work area to be

inspected on daily basis by a competent officer before commencing the

operations.

Annexure-3A Email Letter

Letter No 010063|SCZ|Hyderabad Region No.I|Perm|2020|7145|PLCommon_CMR2017|2

NO: 010063|SCZ|Hyderabad Region No.I|Perm|2020|7145 ेषक, The Director of Mines Safety, Hyderabad Region No.1 #701, CGO Towers, Kavadiguda, Secunderabad-500080.

सेवा म, The Agent, Ramagundam Opencast-III Mine, M/s. SCCL, Ramagundam Area -II, PO: New Maredupaka -505209, Godavarikhani, Peddapalli District, TS.

Subject: Permission under Regulation 108(2) of the Coal Mines Regulations, 2017 for formation and maintainance of overburden dumps/spoil heaps with a maximum dump height of 120m in four decks of each 30m in height in internal and external dump yard at an overall slope angle of 350 at Ramagundam Opencast- III mine of M/s. The Singareni Collieries Company Limited-Reg. Reference: Your letter No. RG-2/OC3PO/D.02/2020/120 dated 21.10.2020 and online application vide reference No.140452 dated 12.11.2020.

Sir, Please refer to your offline application No.RG-2/OC3PO/D.02/2020/120 dated 21.10.2020 and online application reference No.140452 dated 12.11.2020, plans/sections and documents enclosed therewith requesting to grant permission to form and maintain the internal and external overburden dump yards at Ramagundam Opencast –III mine up to a total height of 120m above ground level in 4 decks of each 30m height with an overall slope angle of 350.

In support of the application, Agent, Ramagundam Opencast –III mine has also submitted the scientific study report on “SCIENTIFIC STUDY FOR THE STABILITY OF SLOPES, HIGHWALLS AND OB DUMPS OF RAMAGUNDAM OPENCAST –III Expansion Project, Ramagundam-II area of M/s. The Singareni Coliieries Company Limited, submitted vide consultancy project code No. TC/MN/56 dated October 2020, by NIT SURATHKAL.

In view of the above, it is to clarify that, the spoil banks shall be formed and maintained as per Provisions laid down in the Reg. No.108 of Coal Mines Regulation 2017 and in this regard no specific permission is required to be obtained from this Directorate, if mine management strictly follows the guidelines stipulated in Regulation 108 of CMR, 2017 along with all the recommendations of the scientific study conducted for the purpose for formation and maintenance of 120 m dump height at internal and external OB dump yards above ground level, at Ramagundam Opencast-III Mine of M/s.SCCL. Your Sincerely,

SHYAM MISHRA (DIRECTOR - HYDERABAD REGION NO.I) THIS IS A SYSTEM GENERATED DOCUMENT, DOES NOT REQUIRE ANY SIGNATURE. Reg. No.108 of The Coal Mines Regulations, 2 017 Annexure-4 Approval letter from PCCF for wild life conservation plan for Schedule –I species WILDLIFE CONSERVATION PLAN & MITIGATION MEASURES FOR SIWARAM WILDLIFE SANCTUARY & SCHEDULE-I SPECIES Under Cluster of Ramagundam Region Coal Mines (Gdk No.1&3 incline, 2&2A and 5 incline, Gdk Coal Mine (2&2A and 5), Gdk No.11 incline, Gdk No.7 LEP, Vakilpalli mine, Adriyala longwall project, Gdk 10&10A Inclines, MOCP, RG OC-III Exp. Ph-II, RG OC-I Exp. ph-II and RG OC –II Ext.)

Introduction:

About the Industry

Need for the project and its importance to the country and region:

Coal is the most important and abundant fossil fuel in India. It accounts for about 55% of the country's energy need. Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL), being major coal producing company in Southern India, it has the onerous responsibility of meeting large portion of coal demand in this part of the country. It has formulated a comprehensive production plan to meet the ever-increasing demand for coal and achieved a production of 64.40 Mt during 2018-19 and set the target of 70 Mt for the year 2019-20. There is huge demand for enhancement in coal production to meet the requirement of Telangana State. In order to fulfil coal requirement of future thermal power projects of Telangana State in particular, SCCL is taking steps to enhance the production capacity by planning and implementation of new coal mining projects.

The SCCL is a Government coal mining company jointly owned by the Government of Telangana and Government of India on a 51:49 equity basis. SCCL is the largest public sector undertaking in the state with manpower of 47,178 as on 31.12.2019. It is the only coal mining company in the state, catering to the needs of coal based industries mainly thermal power plants.

Demand-Supply gap for Coal:

SCCL is the only coal mining company existing in Southern India and supplying coal to the major power utilities like NTPC, TSGENCO, APGENCO, KPCL and MAHAGENCO. Total coal supplied to customers by SCCL during FY 2018-19 was 67.70 MT. SCCL also has constructed a power plant of 1200 MW capacity in Srirampur area and another 800 MW power plant is envisaged. The table given hereunder reveals that total production of coal from the existing projects, projects under implementation and approved projects of SCCL is inadequate to meet the total demand and a substantial gap remains unfulfilled.

(Units in Million Tonnes) Sl. Year 2019-20 2020-21 2021-22 1 Demand 76.83 83.05 84.67 2 Production 67.00 72.00 75.00 3 Gap -9.83 -11.05 -9.67

About the Projects & Area: The Singareni Collieries Company (SCCL) is Mining coal in Ramagundam area since February 1959, presently producing about 21.53 million tons of coal through 11 Mines out of which 7 are underground mines namely Godavarikhani No.1&3 incline, Godavarikhani No.2&2A incline and Godavarikhani No.5 incline, Godavrikhani No.11 incline, Godavarikhani No.7 LEP, Vakilpalli mine and Adriyala longwall project

and 4 are opencast mines namely Medapalli Opencast, Ramagundam OC-III expansion Phase-II, Ramagundam OC-I Expansion phase-II and Ramagundam Opencast –II Extension. Now, in this region SCCL has proposed a cluster project which is conversion of the existing Godavarikhani No.5 incline underground mine into opencast mine, utilizing the surface area of the Godavarikhani No.2&2A Incline for dumping of OB and continuing production of coal from the underground Godavarikhani No.2&2A and Godavarikhani No.1&3 incline mines simultaneously. The mines in the Ramagundam region fall in the limits of Janagaon, Jallaram, Nagepalli, Vakilpalli, Medapalli and Ladhnapur villages of Peddapalli district and about 448.970 Million Tonnes of extractable coal reserve is available in this region in an area of 9972.94 ha with life of the mines ranging from 2 years to 56 years. Topography: Core Zone of Project: This area has flat terrain underlain by sandy soil and weathered sand stone. The topographic elevation varies from 156 m to 131 m above MSL with general ground slope towards north and northeast. The ground slope is about 8m/km. The area is generally an open scrub land with sparse vegetation. Buffer Zone of Project: The buffer zone area is of flat to gently undulating terrain, dotted with hillocks and intervening sand patches. The area is well drained by Godavari river and its tributaries such as Bokkala vagu, Jallaram vagu, Ralla vagu, Tollavagu and Tekumatla Vagu. The drainage is of dendritic type, flowing almost perpendicular to the main course of River Godavari. Within 10 km distance from the boundary of the projects of the Ramagundam Region, about 20824.48 ha is covered by Putnur, Raidindi, Ramgir, Khammampalli, Manthani, Kundaram Reserved Forests.

About Siwaram Wildlife Sanctuary and the necessity for the wild life management plan:

Siwaram Crocodile Wildlife Sanctuary was notified vide G.O.Ms.No, 83, Environment, Science & Technology (For.III) Dated 27th June, 1998. Area of the Sanctuary notified is 29.81 Sq.KM (2981.68 Ha), comprising of areas in present Peddapally and Mancherial Districts.

The Siwaram (Crocodile) wild life sanctuary falls within a distance ranging from 6.00 Km to 19.6 Km from the projects of the Ramagundam region.

Hence the necessity for a separate wild life conservation plan arose to study the current status of the area with anticipated impacts on wildlife and the mitigation measures to be taken up.

Location: The Siwaram Crocodile Sanctuary is situated along the common boundaries of Mancherial and Peddapally Districts on the bank of river Godavari along Manthani to Mahadevapur route. It is located at about 260 Kilometers distance from Hyderabad (capital of Telangana) along the banks of river Godavari. The sanctuary spreads between 180 35’- 180 45’ North longitude and 790 40’ - 790 50’ East latitude.

Constitution: The Kundaram Reserve Forest and Kundaram Extension Reserve forest of Siwaram Wildlife Sanctuary (erstwhile Mancherial Division) and Manthani Reserve Forest along with riverbed of Godavari has been constituted as Siwaram Crocodile Sanctuary vide G.O.Ms.No.364, Forests and R&D (For-III) dated: 20.05.1978 and was published in Adilabad District Gazette No.9-A Dated: 22.09.1998 and Karimnagar District Gazetee No. 24 dt. 28.11.1998 under section 26-A of wildlife (Protection) Act 1972.

Area and Extent: The total area of Siwaram Crocodile Sanctuary is 29.81 Square kilometers or 2981.68 Hectares. It includes Kundaram Reserve Forest Block and Kundaram Extension Reserve Forest Block of Chennur Division and Manthani RF Block including Godavari river bed in Peddapally District. The River Godavari bifurcates the Siwaram (Crocodile) Wildlife Sanctuary into two halves. The Northern bank is under the Territorial control of Forest Divisional Officer, Chennur and the Southern bank is under the Territorial jurisdiction of District Forest Officer, Peddapally.

The total population of the (20) villages in and around the Siwaram (Crocodile) Wildlife Sanctuary as per 2011 census is (46920). The total population of scheduled castes is (15332) and scheduled tribe is (8103). The sex ratio is almost equal. The percentage of literacy is 33.5%. List of villages along with population is given in Annexure-I.

The Sanctuary is famous for Crocodile conservation in its natural habitat/eco-system in the madugu by name Lanja Madugu (Pond like Water body) in the river Godavari. The Sanctuary also supports vegetation, which exhibits a classical example of southern tropical dry deciduous forest.

Sanctuary also harbours other important fauna including scheduled-I animals like Sloth Bear, Chowsingha, Indian wolf, wild boar, Jungle cat, Common Indian monitor lizard Nilgai, Cheetal, Blackbuck, Indian peafowl, smooth Indian Otter, Langur, rhesus monkey, panther, Cinkara, Spotted owlet and russels viper is also reported in the Sanctuary and in the buffer zone of the Ramagundam region projects.

Terrain: The Terrain in major portion of the Siwaram Crocodile Sanctuary is slightly undulating. The southern portion of the Sanctuary, especially the Eklaspur beat is hilly with long chain of hills. The highest point is in Kundaram Reserve Forest at a height of 253 mtrs above MSL and lowest point is in Manthani Reserve Forest at a height of 150.9 mtrs above MSL.

Area Statement:

Name of the Name of Name of the No. of R.F. Area Ha Division the Range beat Compartments 1 2 3 4 5 Chennur Wildlife Siwaram Somanpalli 2 Kundaram 382.35 (Mancherial) -do- Pownoor 2 Kundaram 242.85 Peddapally Manthani Khansahebpet 6 Manthani 1468.51 Total Area : 2093.71 Godavari River bed 886.76 Peddapally Bancharai 1.21 Total Area : 2981.68 Ha. or 29. 81 Sq.Km.

Core zone Area of Peddapally District:

Sl. Compt Area in Range Section Beat RF Block No No. Ha 1 Manthani Eklaspur Khanapur 268 321.32 Manthani 2 Manthani Eklaspur Khanapur 269 175.63 Manthani 3 Manthani Eklaspur Khanapur 270 390.12 Manthani 4 Manthani Eklaspur Khansaipet 271 345.00 Manthani 5 Manthani Eklaspur Khansaipet 272 105.32 Manthani 6 Manthani Eklaspur Khansaipet 273 131.12 Manthani Total 1468.5

Buffer zone Area of Peddapally District

Sl. Compt Area in Range Section Beat RF Block No. No. Ha 1 Manthani Eklaspur Eklaspur 277 317.35 Manthani

2 Manthani Eklaspur Eklaspur 278 447.93 Manthani

3 Manthani Bhatpally Arinda 274 258.26 Manthani

4 Manthani Bhatpally Arinda 275 381.46 Manthani

5 Manthani Bhatpally Arinda 276 349.39 Manthani

Total 1754.39

Rainfall pattern and distribution: The average annual rainy days and rainfall for the Sanctuary is (43) days and (756) mm. respectively. About (75%) of the annual rainfall is received during the South-West monsoon season. Two-thirds of annual rainfall is received July to September. Now because of construction of barrage at Annaram, there will be availability of water for most of the time in the year. Wildlife, status, distribution & habitat: Vegetation & The Forest Types: The forests type that exist in this sanctuary falls under group ‘Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forest, group-5 (5AC1) as follows: 5-A Southern Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests: The upper canopy of these forests is uneven, composed of a mixture of a few species, deciduous during the dry season, some for several months, though some for a short period only. The height of crop is generally up to 20 m and some species tend to predominate over selected areas but most are non- gregarious, so that more or less pure associations can usually be traced to soil peculiarities or human interference. The lower canopy is almost entirely deciduous. An under growth of shrubs is usually present but enough light gets in to promote more of grass growth. Top Canopy : Teak, Bijasal, Nallamaddi, Battaganam, Tirman, Bildu, jitregi, Haldu, Anduk, Mokab, Chenangi, Namlinara, Tapsi, Burugu, Tani, Siris, Chinduk, Thati, Soppera, Tunki, Amla, Marri, Babda juvvi, Peepal, Ippa, Mamidi, Gumpena, Yerumaddi and Karaka.

Second Canopy: Sundra, Nallakodsha, Dargu, Chilkadudi, Safed babul, Belphal, Chironji, Pedda morri, Rela, Bhutankush, Kaweet, Karanj, Babul, Sundra, Palas, Budhadharmi, Kondagogu, Togermogli, Goudineem, Istaripala, Jeedi, Somi, Palakodsha, Bahar, danti, Pusku, Kappagargu, Chilla, Regu, and Gotti.

Shrubs: Seetaphal, Panchotkam, Jilledu, Tarwar, Illinta, Jungli anar, Dikemali, Danti, Mororphal, Korvi, Jungli mogoora, Harsinghar, Manga, Shimbaloo and Regu.

(Godavari- habitat for Crocodiles as seen from Manthani side)

Herbs : Sarsaparilla, Lajwanti and Vempalli. Grass: Yeddagaddi, Cheepirigaddi, Rusa, Kundaragaddi, Baru, Thunga, Garka. Climbers: Largumchi, korinta, Shatavari, Belphalas, Bontateega, Pariki.

Cover: The entire Protected Area is having different degrees of forest cover such as dense, open, scrub, blanks and water bodies. Mostly growth is degraded and coppice in nature. The core zone constituting 7 Sq.Km. of the Protected Area is mainly of Godavari riverbed and contains water all the year round. The banks and adjoining forest forms a congenial cover for the marsh crocodiles of the Siwaram Sanctuary. The Northern and Southern portions of the sanctuary consist of good vegetation, which provides cover for both herbivores and carnivores living in the sanctuary. The area surrounding the riverbed and RF boundary is mainly agricultural fields, particularly Paddy during rainy season. Towards Manthani side, the potential breeding ground is abutting Prosopis growth and agricultural fields. However, towards Sivaram side the RF area is abutting the river bank.

Distribution of Vegetation:

Sl. No. Class Area in Ha % 1 Water body 700 23.48 2 Open moist dry deciduous 1261 42.29 3 Scrub forest 1020.68 34.23 Total: 2981.68 100

No scheduled or endemic tree species are available in this area. List of plants (Tree, Shrubs, Climbers, Herbs, Grasses, Aquatic plants and Epiphytes are enclosed in Annexure-II)

Food for wild animal: There is abundant fish availability in the river Godavari which forms the major food source to the marsh crocodiles of the Sanctuary.

Land use pattern in the surroundings: Most of the surrounding private lands are under agriculture. Major crops grown in the area are paddy, cotton, maize and vegetables in smaller extents.

Species and communities of conservation importance and key areas: In Siwaram Sanctuary, marsh crocodile is a key species. It is the apex carnivore of the aquatic Eco- system of river Godavari. No periodical status surveys of the crocodiles are conducted. However, as per recent enumeration conducted, number of crocodiles is ranging between 52 to 60.

The sanctuary and the ‘Lanja Madugu’ area has been the oldest, natural breeding colony for the Mugger Crocodiles. During 1977-78, the first nest of crocodile eggs was detected and the eggs were taken to Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad for incubation and relocation purpose.

There is need to identify the other associated floral and faunal species in the aquatic and terrestrial eco-systems of the protected area. The Mugger (or marsh) crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) is found in lakes and rivers throughout the country. Both young and adult mugger crocodiles dig burrows where they retreat when temperature drops below 5 °C (41 °F) or exceeds 38 °C (100 °F). Females dig holes in the sand as nesting sites and lay up to 46 eggs during the dry season. Sex of hatchlings depends on temperature during incubation. It preys on fish, reptiles, birds and mammals. Young feed on insects. Territorial behavior increases during the mating season.

The mugger crocodile is a thermo- conformer and has an optimal body temperature of 30 to 35 °C (86 to 95 °F). It digs burrows to retreat from extreme temperatures and other harsh climatic conditions. Burrows are between 0.6 and 6 m (2.0 and 19.7 ft) deep, with entrances above the water level and a chamber at the end that is big enough to allow the mugger to turn around. Temperatures inside remains constant at 19.2 to 29 °C (66.6 to 84.2 °F).

Muggers have also been observed while preying and feeding on a python. Black buck & Chousingha are two other schedule I species of wild animals which are found in Sivaram Wildlife sanctuary in addition to the Mugger Crocodile.

Blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra): The Blackbuck (Antelope cervicapra) is a medium-sized ungulate species of antelope native and endemic to the Indian subcontinent. The general name “blackbuck” refers the dark brown to black colour of the dorsal (upper) part of the coat of the male. Blackbucks are mainly grazer and prefer open areas such as grassland, wasteland and marginal agricultural fields. In summer blackbucks may migrate to long distance for the search of water and food. Major cause of blackbuck conservation in the Mancherial forest division is degradation of forest cover, fragmentation of its habitat and migratory corridors and increasing urbanization, Human & Black buck conflict, predation, accidents, diseases & inbreeding etc. From the local information source, it came to know that, to survive in the dry season, the antelope does not limit itself to the sanctuary boundaries and very often they are found outside, moving around in the fields and near the water sources (i.e., Godavari River) for forage and other basic needs. Four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis): The four-horned antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis), or chousingha, is a small antelope found in India and Nepal. This antelope has four horns, which distinguish it from most other bovids, which have two horns. The four-horned antelope is diurnal (active mainly during the day). Though solitary by nature, four- horned antelopes may form loose groups of three to five – with one or more adults, sometimes accompanied by juveniles. This elusive antelope feeds on grasses, herbs, shrubs, foliage, flowers and fruits. It needs to drink water frequently; as such it stays in places near water sources. Four-horned antelopes tend to inhabit areas with significant grass cover or heavy undergrowth, and avoid human settlements. The four-horned antelope is threatened by the loss of its natural habitat due to agricultural expansion. In addition to aforesaid 3 schedule-1 animals, the sanctuary forms suitable habitat for Indian smooth Otter which was sighted in the past.

The Smooth Indiann Otter: Lutra perspicillata I. Geoffroy Local Name : Neeru Kukka (Telugu) Size : 65-75 cm Tail : 40-45 cm Weight : 7-11 kg.

A heavily built animal about the size and proportions of the Common Otter. Distinctive Characters. Distinguished from the Common Otter by its smooth sleek coat. Colour, blackish to rufous chocolate-brown, sometimes sandy or tawny brown; dorsal fur not grizzled. The hairs of the muzzle terminate in a straight line above the naked part of the nose. In the Common Otter the line is angular. Distribution. India, from the Himalayas and Sind to the extreme south. Habits. It lives, like the Common Otter, by the margins of lakes and streams and in large tanks and canals. It hunts in flooded fields, creeks, and estuaries and, on the coast, goes out after fish into the open sea. In the dry lands of central India, when pools and streams dry up, these otters show a ready adaptability to changed conditions. They take to jungle hunting like other land carnivores, and lie up in burrows in the hill-sides. Fish is their main food, but when fish is wanting they eat whatever they can capture and kill. Nothing much is known about the breeding habits of this otter. Most cubs appear to be born early in the year. Predicted Impacts: Prediction of impacts is based on the direct and indirect; short-term as well as long-term; reversible and irreversible impacts which are likely to occur due to the proposed industrial activity during establishment and operation. The ecological factors considered significant on flora and fauna are: 1. Reduction in species diversity 2. Habitat loss or degradation 3. Risk factors or threat to the endangered or threatened species and in the schedules of W.L(P) Act, 1972. 4. Any effects on the ecological functions such as i. Disturbance to the food chain, ii. Population of species and predator prey relationships. As part of environmental concern, all environmental protection measures including monitoring and control as per central / state pollution control norms shall be planned and implemented. Ecological survey covering an area of 10 km radius from the proposed project boundary was done for generation of primary data to understand baseline ecological status, important floristic elements, fauna structure in addition to the data from forest department records and gazetteers.

Study Conducted: Faunal enumeration & Methodology: Survey techniques such as standard walk transect and opportunistic visual encounter surveys were used to enumerate mammals, reptiles, and amphibians covering all habitats of the study area. Where ever possible, photographs were taken. Species were identified using standard field guides. All the direct evidences (live sightings, vocalizations etc.,) and indirect evidences (scat/dung, pugmarks/footprints, quills, feathers etc.,) were recorded to ascertain species diversity of mammals, reptiles, amphibians and avifauna of the study site. Faunal records in the buffer zone, i.e., 10 kms around the projects of Ramagundam region and of the proposed cluster mines, during the last three years, obtained from rescue records of Friends of Snakes Society, an NGO working for wildlife conservation in this region, have been included in the study. Results and Discussion: The Siwaram (Crocodile) wild life sanctuary falls within a distance ranging from 6.00 Km to 19.6 Km from the projects of the Ramagundam region and the proposed cluster Mine is located between the Godavari river on the north and Sivaram Wildlife Sanctuary on the east, at a geodetic distance of 7.72 km. The site consists of tropical scrub type vegetation and agricultural lands. The Ramagundam region and proposed cluster mines site was found to have diverse species of wild animal. At the study site, 15 species of mammals and 39 species of herpetofauna were documented. Of these, eleven species are protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972. Further, the forests in and around the Ramagundam region mining site harbor five near threatened and three vulnerable species. The complete list of fauna documented in the study site and the buffer, along with their protection status, is enlisted as Annexure-III. Appropriate mitigation measures as prescribed here under are to be carried out to conserve wildlife in and around the proposed mining site.

Study of Avian fauna conducted by Deccan Birders, an NGO:

I. Objectives: 1. To enumerate the list of avian fauna present in the region, 2. Find the possible impacts for the operation of mining activities shows impact on bird species and 3. To propose mitigation measures for achieving sustainable development.

II. Methods i. Study area Siwaram crocodile sanctuary; was declared in the year 1995 for safeguarding of breeding locations of freshwater Mugger crocodile (Crocodylus palustris) (referred as Vulnerableby IUCN)on the banks of River Godavari at Mancherial and Peddapalli districts, Telangana. The sanctuary was denoted on either side of the River Godavari, extending from Gopalpur village to Beeravelli village on the North, and on the South from Vilochavaram to Arenda where, River Maneru (tributary) joins River Godavari from the South and flow from West to Southeast East

The surrounding habitat also has vegetation of native as well exotic origin among the villages residing in the surroundings and in the scrub lands and plantations. The shortest distance of the proposed cluster coal mine falls within 7.72km from the Siwaram Crocodile sanctuary.

Figure.1: Map depicting the proposed coal mine and the location of Siwaram Wildlife sanctuary ii. Data collection: Field studies were conducted during the month of December 2019. Random sampling method was implemented with point count method for data collection. Different habitats of the study area are agricultural habitats, Scrub forest, Dry deciduous forest and riverine banks were visited to collect data regarding avian fauna along with other species which we came across. Secondary information about other wild animals existing in the area were also collected from the residents of the villages and forest officials during the visit.

Pelecaniformes, A 6, 7% Piciformes, 4, 5% Psittaciformes, 3, 3%

Suliformes, 3, 3% Accipitriformes, 6, 7% Anseriformes, 1, 1% Passeriformes, Apodiformes, 1, 38, 44% 1% Bucerotiformes, Charadriiformes,2, 2% 8, 9% Ciconiformes, 2, 2% Gruiformes, 1, Columbiformes, 1% 3, 3% Coraciiformes, 5, Cuculiformes, 3, Galliformes, 1, 6% 3% 1%

Nectrivorous, 2, 2% Omnivorous, 4, 3% Picivorous, 10, 9% Insectivorous, 74, 64% Carnivorous, 7, 6%

Frugivorous, 10, 9%

Granivorous, 8, 7%

Figure2. Consolidated percentage species richness of birds in the study area according to (A) the order they belong to and (B) their feeding guilds. iii. Results and Discussion: The total length of the banks on either side of sanctuary were studied on foot, passing through all the habitats present in the study area and enlisted the species found in and around the sanctuary area over the course of the survey (Fig.2).

Figure 2. Sampling locations and areas surveyed during the study period

Species richness: The presence of at least 89 avian species was confirmed (Annexure-IV) belongs to 16 orders. The Passeriformes were recorded predominantly at 44% with 38 species. Among the feeding guilds, insectivorous birds stood predominant (46 species, 51%).

Of the total 89 species, four species were recorded as Near threatened (Alexandrine Parakeet, Oriental darter, Painted Stork, River lapwing) and one Vulnerable species (Indian spotted eagle) and remaining are least concerned. Environmental impacts on the flora and fauna of the study area are expected to be negligible and easily reversible by implementing suitable mitigation measures.

Wildlife management consists of habitat evaluation and assessment, periodic vegetation and animal status monitoring, identification of habitat factors favorable to growth and which act against the population. Welfare factors are promoted, decimating factors are arrested and limiting factors mitigated so that habitat carrying capacity is optimized and populations attain the saturation point intrinsic to the species. Participation and support of local public is enlisted to make the conservation plan work and outcome becomes sustainable, development of economy and environment should proceed hand in hand so that natural ecosystems are maintained or better, restored for uninterrupted flow of goods and services, on which human survival is dependent. Every entrepreneur need to be sensitive of the ecological impact of setting an industry and forge a connection with natural objects and dependent societies. SCCL is expected to usher in green development initiatives in this locality as an agent of change to fulfill their corporate responsibility. Conscious of the above and in consonance with the statutory requirement, this conservation plan is made to mitigate the impact on flora & fauna. The task is uphill, as the wild animals are available in the Siwaram WLS which is 6.00 km to 19.6 km away from the Ramagundam region mines and the proposed cluster of mines is

7.72 km away. The sanctuary area is surrounded by Kundaram Reserved forest on North, Eklaspur village on west, Manair River & Manthani R.F. on south & east side. The River Godavari is passing through the WLS from west to east side throughout the year. Naturally it helps in conservation of crocodiles along with major schedule I species like Black Buck (Antelope cervicapra) & Four- horned Antelope (Tetracerus quadricornis), Lepard ( Panther pardus), Sloth Bear (Melursus ursinus), Chinkara(Gazella bennettii) and Indian Wolf (Canis lupus pallipes) . The distance indicates that there is meager change of straying of schedule I species near the project areas of Ramagundam region and the proposed cluster mine. Moreover due to the construction of Sundilla & Annaram barrages across Godavari availability of sufficient water in the river Godavari throughout the year is ensured. Hence the chances of Schedule I species to migrate are very minimal for the sake of water & forage needs outside the sanctuary. Though no reported direct impact of the coal mining activities on wildlife is there, yet at times, wild animals come to agricultural crops for grazing / browsing and thus in conflict with human interest and earns a nuisance or pest value. It is important to create activities near the mine areas which help in mitigating men-animal conflict and help in conserving the wildlife and wildlife landscape. Research and educational values: There is wide scope for a detailed study and research regarding the Crocodile habit,

habitat and its conservation. Adjoining to the Sanctuary in Chennur side, one migrant Tiger was found dead during January 2019. This indicates the landscape value of the area. (Dense weed growth is serving the purpose of nests & hiding places for crocodile) Man-Animal conflicts: In Siwaram (Crocodile) Wildlife Sanctuary no incidents of cattle lifting by the carnivores is reported officially. There are also no such reports of cattle poisoning to poach the carnivores.

Wild fires: Fire is common and annual. Only ground fires occur and the intensity varies from place to place depending on the time and season of the fire occurrence and the presence of inflammable material on the ground or forest floor. The rainfall received in this area is only for 4 months and remaining months are dry. The fires damage the nest/egg laying places of the Crocodiles and also the vegetation on the river bank which acts as the cover to the Crocodiles. Besides this the fire also affects the ground of the 16

forests cleanly sweeping the forest floor of all leaf litter and peat, often charring the trees up to a meter from the ground. Thus, grasses, shrubs and climbers and herbs which constitute a major component of the forage and cover to wild animals is lost and they will not rejuvenate till first showers. The fire occurrence is sometimes repeated in an area more than once. The fires also deprive the fawning cover for ungulates, nesting sites for Crocodiles and ground birds, loss of fallen and dead trees. Bushes are burnt which in turn result in loss of cover for ground dwelling birds, animals and reptiles. Summary of threats to Crocodile conservation & other wildlife: The main threats to the Crocodile conservation as well as the flora and fauna in Siwaram (Crocodile) Wildlife Sanctuary are mainly due to the following factors: i) Habitat degradation ii) Local cattle risk of damage of crocodile nesting sites. iii) Protection of Nesting & Basking sites iv) Forest fires v) Lack of awareness among the people in and around the areas regarding importance of conservation of wildlife. vi) Lack of research & monitoring of population of key species

The SCCL is doing mining in this area since more than 70 years. Various pollution parameters like noise, air & water quality and water flow is being monitored periodically. No such evidence is made available to prove that air quality, noise or water flow from the mine areas are causing any adverse impact on the wildlife habitat directly in the Wildlife Sanctuary. Mitigation Measures suggested: The schemes being implemented as part of the regular plan of the Forest Department have been also taken into accounts and only supplemental works have been proposed in this plan besides overall improvement in landscape value and habitat. The following strategies are contemplated and proposed under the plan. The other important activities are being taken up under the wildlife management plan by the Forest Department.

A) Tree Planting outside Forest Areas: In order to mitigate the adverse impacts on the air quality, noise and dust problem in the area development of greenery in the project area and surrounding villages by SCCL must be taken up. Development of green belt and plantation within the project site would help in reducing the impact and improving the environmental quality of the surrounding area. Since most of the tree species occurring in the area are of dry deciduous type, they have high Air Pollution Tolerance Index, thus the, adverse impact will be minimized. The green belt surrounding the project area with 2-3 tier plantation can improve the environment from various emissions and from noise. Massive tree planting in all the villages within 10 kms radius of the sanctuary with indigenous and local species suitable to the site preferably with NTFP value has to be taken up in all institutional premises in the villages, along the road margins, canal banks, tank bunds and vacant areas and also have to be maintained at least for a period of 3 years. This task has to be undertaken by the SCCL who have already taken up these works in their areas. Systematic planning with result oriented approach, site specific species selection, nursery raising / procurement of saplings in consultation with P.A. Managers

concerned are necessary for proper implementation. Periodical monitoring & evaluation mechanism and proper documentation of the same are essential.

B) Habitat improvement in forest areas (for 3 years): Degradation in the quality of habitat is the major cause in the P.A. areas in general and in Siwaram WLS in particular for the depletion of food & cover resources to the wild animals & birds. In case of crocodiles adequate shrub cover along the river banks to facilitate the nesting is essential. For herbivores, the limiting factor is reduced availability of forage in the sanctuary besides the cover. Invasion of weeds reduces the forage in the habitat qualitatively & quantitatively. Lack of fruit bearing trees is the limiting factor in the sanctuary to support the food and nesting requirements for the Acrifauna in general and frugivores in particular. Hence the following measures suggested. • Removal of exotic invasive species & weeds. • Enrichment planting with NTFP fruit bearing species. • Protection & improvement of bushes density along river banks and nesting sites.

C) Providing basking platforms along the banks in RF area Providing adequate basking platform nearer to Lanjamadugu on both sides of the river Godavari preferably within the R.F. area reduces the chances of straying of crocodiles outside the sanctuary limits besides the improving of chances of their sighting to the visitors. Hence creation of basking platforms suggested.

D) Engaging Watchman on either sides. In order to provide adequate protection facilities along the river banks against the biotic interferences and also to provide guiding facilities to the visitors engaging a watchman on either sides of the river initially for a period of 3 years is suggested.

E) Providing chain link fence to the basking areas & nesting sites. To control the biotic interference causing disturbance to the basking and nesting sides of the crocodiles providing chain link fence around such areas is suggested.

F) Construction of Watch Tower on either side of Madugu areas for monitoring and fire watching etc. In order to detect the fires immediately on the occurrence, to alert the P.A. staff and to monitor the same provision of a watch tower fixed with a rotating telescope at an elevated point nearer to the Madugu area within the R.F. limits is felt necessary. This will also facilitate the visitor and enhance viewing of large area of the sanctuary on either sides of the river. Hence suggested.

G) Protection Railing near Kakatiya caves on Siwaram side. There are small cave like hollows with ruined temple like structures called Kakatiya caves and Lanja goollu locally. The trail leading to the site requires railing to facilitate eco tourism. Therefore providing railing at the site is suggested.

H) Environment Complex. The sanctuary is under control & management by F.D.O. Chennur & D.F.O. Peddapalle in Manthani range. In order to create awareness among the people regarding the important of the sanctuary it is felt necessary to have environment education facility with A.V. equipment at Peddapalli, Manthani and Chennur office premises.

I) Purchase of Binoculars, Telescopes, Camera traps, A.V. equipment and library books. In order to equip the above complexes for interpretation and also for the P.A. Management it is necessary to provide Audio Visual equipment, Binoculars, Telescopes and camera traps in the field, Library books etc. Therefore the provision is suggested for the same.

J) Setting up of crocodile rescue & rehabilitation centre. In cases of the need for the rescue of the animals including crocodiles, providing veterinary care and rehabilitation purposes it is felt necessary to provide support to Nehru Zoological Park, Hyderabad for the said purpose. Hence the provision made.

K) Sign boards, caution boards and publicity material for all the villages along the river banks and inside the sanctuary. It is necessary to provide adequate signages and caution boards at suitable locations in and around the sanctuary beside the publicity material for Eco tourism coupled with Wildlife conservation education. Hence the support is suggested.

L) Research & study of Biodiversity in the sanctuary involving competent institutions. In Siwaram (Crocodile) Wildlife Sanctuary no research and monitoring activities have been carried out. There is a need for research on breeding, nesting and habits of crocodiles in the sanctuary. There is also necessity for monitoring the population, sex ratio, migration along Godavari, prey species, water levels during different periods and pollution studies. Therefore the provision is suggested.

M) Training & Exposure visit to P.A. Managers and Staff. Training: The concerned field staff have undergone various formal training courses on wildlife management time-to-time at TSFA, Dulapally, Hyderabad. There is a need for continued training and exposure visits to the P.A. Managers and Staff in future also. Hence the provision is made.

N) Administrative Cost: To support the P.A. Management in conducting various conservation & education programmes and to meet the expenses for computer peripherals etc., the provision is made towards Administrative cost to both the P.A. Managers. Abstract showing the suggested mitigation measures and the financial support required are shown in the statement.

ANNEXURE - I

List of villages outside the PA boundary within the buffer zone with village wise population (2011):

Sl. Name of No.of Population SC ST Others. No. Village families 1 Swarnapalli 198 728 287 106 337 2 Siripuram 699 3235 1062 986 1187 3 Batpalli 250 990 332 191 467 4 Gunjupadigi 943 4456 1262 1256 1937 5 Uppatla 369 1583 442 406 737 6 Pundlapalli 288 1180 512 181 487 7 Vilochavaram 344 1461 442 306 712 8 Nagoram 447 1977 762 426 787 9 Mallapalli 249 985 332 191 462 10 Manthani 3143 15456 4162 1506 9787 11 Khanapur 283 1153 512 156 487 12 Eklaspuram 663 3056 737 656 1657 13 Khansahibpet 249 983 512 86 387 14 Arinda 428 1879 762 356 762 15 Mallaram 306 1268 562 206 502 16 Venkatapur 363 1555 562 256 737 17 Nagapalli 303 1255 562 206 487 18 Sivaram 268 1080 412 156 512 19 Somanpalli 327 1375 562 257 557 20 Pownur 307 1275 562 208 507 Total: 10427 46930 15340 8098 23495

Details of cattle killing by wild carnivores, village wise cases per year and ex- gratia payment for the period of last five years: Nil

ANNEXURE - II

List of plants: trees, shrubs, climbers, herbs, grasses, aquatic plants, epiphytes:

Trees

Sl. Botanical Name Local Name Family No. I. Dicotyledons (A) Polypetalae 1 Anona squamosa Seetaphal Anonaceae 2 Polyalthia cerasoides Chilkaduddi Anoaceae 3 Salamalia malabaricum Burugu Malvaceae 4 Sterculia urens Tapsi Strerculiaceae 5 Grewia latifolia Tada Tiliaceae 6 Feronea elephantum Kaweet Rutaceae 7 Boswellia serrata Anduk Bursaraceae 8 Garuga pinnata Garugu Bursaraceae 9 Azadiracta indica Neem (Vepa) Meliaceae 10 Melia azadirachta Godneem Meliaceae 11 Soymida febrifuga Somi Meliaceae 12 Schrebera swietenoides Mokab Oleaceae 13 Elaeodendrone roxburghi Bhuthankush celastraceae 14 Zizyphus mauratiana Regu Rhamnaceae 15 Zizyphus xylopyra Gotti Rhamnaceae 16 Schleichera trijuga Pusku Sapindaceae 17 Buchanania angustifolia Chironji Anacardiaceae 18 Bucharania latifolia Chironji Anacardiaceae 19 Lannea coromandalica (L.Grandis) Gumpena Anacardiaceae 20 Magnifera indica Mango (Aam) Anacardiaceae 21 Semicarpus anacardium Bhilawa (Jeedi) Anacardiaceae 22 Spondias magnifera Jungli anar Anacardiaceae 23 Acacia ferruginea Vel sundra Leguminosae 24 Acacia leucophloea Tellatumma Leguminosae 25 Acacia sundra Khair (Sundra) Leguminosae 26 Albezzia lebbek Durshanam Leguminosae 27 Albezzia odorotissima Siris Leguminosae 28 Albezzia procera Safed siris Leguminosae 29 Bauhinia racemosa Are Leguminocae 30 Butea monosoperma Palas Leguminosae 31 Cassia fistula Rela Leguminosae 32 Cassia siamea Nalla thangedu Leguminosae 33 Dalbergia paniculata Sopera Leguminosae 34 Dalbergia sissoo Sisu (Shisham) Leguminosae

Sl. Botanical Name Local Name Family No. 35 Erythrina suberosa Mullu Modugu Leoguminosae 36 Ougenia oojeinensis Dargu Leguminosae 37 Pongamia pinnata Karanj (Kanuga) Leguminoseae 38 Prosopis spicigera Jammi Leguminoseae 39 Pterocarpus marsupium Bijasal Leguminoseae 40 Tamarindus indica Chinta Leguminosae 41 Xylia xylocarpes Boja Leguminosae 42 Acacia arabica Babul Leguminosae 43 Anogeissus latifolia Tirman Combretaceae 44 Gyrocarpus jacquini Kumarpunki Combretaceae 45 Terminalia arjuna Yermaddi (Tellamaddi) Combretaceae 46 Terminalia belerica Tado Combretaceae 47 Terminalia tomentosa Nalla Maddi Combretaceae 48 Careya arborea Budhadharmi Lecythidaceae 49 Lagerstroemia parviflora Channangi Lythraceae (B) Gamopetalae 1 Adina cordifolia Bandaru Rubiceae 2 Aegle marmelos Maredu Rubiceae 3 Chloroxylon swietenia Satin Rubiaceae 4 Gardenia Gumifera Chitmit Rubiaceae 5 Gardenia latifolia Peddakaringa Rubiaceae 6 Ixora arborea (Ixora parviflora) Korvi Rubiaceae 7 Mitragyna parvifolia Battaganam Rubiaceae 8 Morinda tinctoria Togarmogli Rubiaceae 9 Himospops hexandra Khirni Sapotaceae 10 Madhuca indica (Bassia latifolia) Mohwa Sapotaceae 11 Diospyros chloroxylon Illintha Ebenaceae 12 Diospyros melanoxylon Abnus (Tuniki) Ebenaceae 13 Holarrhaena antidysenterica Istaripala Apocynaceae 14 Wrightia tinetoria Palakodsha Apocynaceae 15 Strychnus nuxvomica Kuchala (Musti) Loganiaceae 16 Strychnus potatorum Chilla Loganiaceae 17 Doliohandrone fealeata Waddi Bignoniaceae 18 Millingtonia hortensis Akasnim Bignoniaceae 19 Stereospermum chelonoides Kappa gargu Bignoniaceae 20 Gmelina arborea Gumartek Verbenaceae 21 Tectona grandis Teku (Saganan) Verbenaceae 22 Eucalyptus hybrid Nilgiritel Myrtaceae 23 Syzygium cumini Jamun (Neredu) Myrtaceae 24 Bridelia retusa Mulamaddi Euphorbiaceae

Sl. Botanical Name Local Name Family No. 25 Cleistanthus collinus Nalla Kodsha Euphorbiaceae 26 Emblica officinalis (Ghyllanthus Amla Euphorbiaceae emblica) 27 Givotia rottleriformis Punki Euphorbiaceae 28 Mallotus philippensis Kum kum Euphorbiaceae 29 Holoptelia integrifolia Namalinara Ulniaceae 30 Ficus benglensis Marri Moraceae 31 Ficus glomerata Medi (Gular) Moraceae 32 Ficus religiosa Pipal (Ragi) Moraceae II. Monocotyledons 1 Borassus flabellifer Tadi Palmae 2 Phonix sylveatris Eetha Palmae

II. Shrubs Sl. Botanical Name Local Name Family No. I. Dicotyledons- (A) Polypetalae 1 Abutilon indicum Adavi Benda, Thuthi Malvaceae Adavi Kapos, Ran- 2 Urena lobata Malvaceae Kapos 3 Helecteris isora Morophal Sterculiaceae 4 Grewia Aspera Peddatariki Tiliaceae 5 Jasminam arborescence Jungli Mogra Oleaceae 6 Nyctanthes arbortristis Harsinghar Oleaceae 7 Gymnosporia spinosa (G. Montana) Danti Celastraceae 8 Dodonea viscosa Dicamali Sapindaceae 9 Cassia auriculuta Tarota Leguminosae 10 Cassia tora Jungli anar Leguminosae 11 Mimosa Amara Narlingi Leguminosae 12 Moghany species (Flemingia) Dandola Leguminosae 13 Tephrosia purpurea Vempali Leguminosae (B) Gamopetalae 1 Gardenia gummifera Bikki, Chitmit Rubiaceae 2 Plectronia parviflorum Chinna Dalusu Rubiaceae 3 Randia dumetorum Manga Rubiaceae 4 Calotropis gigantea Tadwad Asclepediaceae 5 Lantana camera Puli Kampa, Verbenaceae 6 Vitex negundo Shimbaloo Verbenaceae 7 Acalypha wilkensiana Panchotkam Euphorbiaceae 8 Bridelia hamil-toniana Jiledu Euphorbiaceae 9 Euphorbia pulcherrima Poinsetlia Euphorbiaceae

ANNEXURE - III List of Wild Animal in Siwaram Wildlife Sanctuary

S. Sign/Record Common Name Binomial Name WPA IUCN No. type Mammals 1. Blackbuck Antelope Cervicapra Droppings Schedule I Vulnerable Four-horned Tetracerus quadricornis Locals Schedule I Vulnerable 2. Antelope Paradoxurus Schedule Least Asian Palm Civet Droppings 3. hermaphroditus II Concern Common Palm Least Funambulus palmarum Direct sighting Not Listed 4. Squirrel Concern Indian Grey Secondary Schedule Least Herpestes edwardsii 5. Mongoose data* II Concern Schedule Least Jungle Cat Felis chaus Pugmarks 6. II Concern Secondary Near Leopard Panthera pardus Schedule I 7. data* Threatened Secondary Schedule Least Rhesus Macaque Macaca mulata 8. data* II Concern Secondary Schedule Sambar Rusa unicolor Vulnerable 9. data* III Secondary Sloth Bear Melursus ursinus Schedule I Vulnerable 10. data* Schedule Least Spotted Deer Axis axis Pellets 11. III Concern Hoof marks Schedule Least Wild Boar Sus scrofa 12. and droppings III Concern Schedule Least Black-naped Hare Lepus nigricollis Droppings 13. IV Concern Secondary Least Chinkara Gazella bennettii) Schedule I 14. data* Concern Secondary Near Indian Wolf Canis lupus pallipes Schedule I 15. data* Threatened Reptiles Least Roadkill 1 Banded Racer Argyrogena fasciolata Schedule IV Concern Least Secondary data* 2 Barred Wolf Snake Lycodon striatus Schedule IV Concern Beaked Worm Least Secondary data*

3 Snake Grypotyphlops acutus Schedule IV Concern Brahminy Worm Least Secondary data*

4 Snake Indotyphlops braminus Schedule IV Concern Bronzeback Tree Least Secondary data* 5 Snake Dendrelaphis tristis Schedule IV Concern Checkered Least Roadkill 6 Keelback Fowlea piscator Schedule II Concern Common Cat Least Secondary data* 7 Snake Boiga trigonata Schedule IV Concern

S. Sign/Record Common Name Binomial Name WPA IUCN No. type Schedule Least Roadkill 8 Common Krait Bungarus caeruleus IV Concern Secondary Schedule Least 9 Common Trinket Coelognathus helena data* IV Concern Common Sand Secondary Schedule Near 10 Boa Eryx conicus data* IV Threatened Common Wolf Schedule Least Direct sighting 11 Snake Lycodon aulicus IV Concern Green Vine Schedule Least Roadkill 12 Snake Ahaetulla nasuta IV Concern Indian Rock Secondary Least 13 Python Python molurus data* Schedule I Concern Schedule Least Direct sighting 14 Rat Snake Ptyas mucosa II Concern Secondary Schedule Near 15 Red Sand Boa Eryx johnii data* IV Threatened Schedule Least Roadkill 16 Russell's Viper Daboia russelii II Concern Secondary Schedule Least 17 Saw-scaled Viper Echis carinatus data* IV Concern Schedule Least Direct sighting 18 Spectacled Cobra Naja naja II Concern Mugger Least Direct sighting 19 Crocodile Crocodylus palustris Schedule I Concern Brooke's House Hemidactylus cf. Direct sighting 20 Gecko brookii Not Listed Not Listed Common House Hemidactylus Least Direct sighting 21 Gecko flaviviridis Not Listed Concern Least Direct sighting 22 Giant Gecko Hemidactylus giganteus Not Listed Concern Termite Hill Direct sighting 23 Gecko Hemidactylus triedrus Not Listed Not Listed Fan Throated Least Direct sighting 24 Lizard Sitana ponticeriana Not Listed Concern Oriental Garden Direct sighting 25 Lizard Calotes versicolor Not Listed Not Listed Least Direct sighting 26 Rock Agama Psammophilus dorsalis Not Listed Concern Least Direct sighting 27 Forest Calotes Calotes rouxii Not Listed Concern Indian Secondary Least 28 Chameleon Chamaeleo zeylanicus data* Schedule I Concern Bengal Monitor Secondary Least 29 Lizard Varanus bengalensis data* Schedule I Concern Bronze Grass Direct sighting 30 Skink Eutropis macularia Not Listed Not Listed

S. Sign/Record Common Name Binomial Name WPA IUCN No. type Common Snake Direct sighting 31 Skink Lygosoma punctata Not Listed Not Listed Keeled Indian Least Direct sighting 32 Mabuya Eutropis carinata Not Listed Concern Leschenault's Least Direct sighting 33 lacerta Ophisops leschenaultii Not Listed Concern

Indian Pond Secondary Near 34 Terrapin Melanochelys trijuga data* Not Listed Threatened Indian Flapshell Secondary Least 35 Turtle Lissemys punctata data* Schedule I Concern Amphibians Asian Common Duttaphrynus Least Direct sighting 36 Toad melanostictus Not Listed Concern Least Direct sighting 37 Cricket Frog Fejervarya limnocharis Not Listed Concern Euphlyctus Least Direct sighting 38 Skittering Frog cyanophlyctus Not Listed Concern Hoplobatrachus Schedule Least Direct sighting 39 Indian Bull-frog tigerinus IV Concern Fishes S.No. Vernacular name Scientific Name Family Status 40 Bocha Labeo catla Cyprinidae Not assessed 41 Buradamatta Channa punctata Channidae Least concern 42 Korrameenu Channa striata Channidae Least concern 43 Chittrai Labeo rohita Cyprinidae Least concern 44 Rohu Labeo rohita Cyprinidae Least concern Giant River Lacrobrachium Caridae Least concern 45 Prawn rosenbergii 46 Bommidai Mastacembelus armatus Mastacembelus Least concern 47 Perka Puntius gelius Cyprinidae Least concern

ANNEXURE – IV

List of Birds Table 1: Species recorded during the survey, their taxonomic classification, individual count and feeding guild.

IUCN IWPA Feeding Scientific name Name Count Occurrence Abundance Status Status guild Sch- Common Accipiter badius Shikra 2 LC IV Res Carnivorous Indian Spoted Sch- Rare Aquila hastata eagle 1 Vu IV Res, WM Carnivorous Eurasian marsh Sch- Rare Circus aeruginosus harrier 3 LC IV WM Carnivorous Black shouldered Sch- Common Elanus caeruleus kite 1 LC IV Res Carnivorous Sch- Common Milvus migrans Black kite 15 LC IV Res Carnivorous Crested Serpent Sch- Common Spilornis cheela Eagle 1 LC IV Res Carnivorous Sch- Rare Tadorna ferruginea Ruddy shelduck 4 LC IV WM omnivorous Hemiprocne Sch- Common coronata Crested treeswift 2 LC IV Res Insectivorous 28indian Grey Sch- Common Ocyceros birostris hornbill 10 LC IV Res Frugivorous Sch- Common Upupa epops Hoopoe 1 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Burhinus indicus Indian thick-knee 1 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Charadrius dubius Little ringed plover 1 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Rare Vanellus duvaucelii River lapwing 4 NT IV Res Insectivorous Red-wattled Sch- Common Vanellus indicus lapwing 14 LC IV Res Insectivorous himantopus Sch- Common himantopus Black winged stilt 5 LC IV Res Insectivorous Common Sch- Common Actitis hypoleucos sandpiper 3 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Gallinago gallinago Common snipe 3 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Tringa glareola Wood Sandpiper 2 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Abundant Anastomus oscitans Asian openbill 2 LC IV Res Carnivorous Mycteria Sch- Common leucocephala Painted stork 2 NT IV Res Piscivorous Stigmatopelia Sch- Abundant senegalensis Laughing dove 14 LC IV Res Granivorous Stigmatopellia Sch- Abundant chinensis Spotted dove 10 LC IV Res Granivorous Athene blewitti Spotted owlet 12 LC Sch-I Res Common Carnivorous Treron Yellow-footed Sch- Rare phoenicopterus green pigeon 12 LC IV Res Frugivorous Common Sch- Common Alcedo atthis kingfisher 2 LC IV Res Piscivorous Sch- Piscivorous Common Ceryle rudis Pied kingfisher 6 LC IV Res

IUCN IWPA Feeding Scientific name Name Count Occurrence Abundance Status Status guild White-throated Sch- Common Halcyon smyrnensis kingfisher 8 LC IV Res Piscivorous Coracias Sch- Common benghalensis Indian roller 5 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Merops orientalis Green bee-eater 31 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Centropus sinensis Greater coucal 5 LC IV Res omnivorous Sch- Common Clamator jacobinus Jacobin cuckoo 2 LC IV WM Insectivorous Eudynamys Sch- Common scolopaceus Asian koel 3 LC IV Res Frugivorous Pavo cristatus Indian Peafowl 13 LC Sch-I Res Common omnivorous Francolinus Sch- Common pondicerianus Grey francolin 6 LC IV Res Insectivorous Amaurornis White-breasted Sch- Common phoenicurus waterhen 2 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Iduna caligata Booted Warbler 3 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Iduna rama Sykes's Warbler 1 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Aegithina tiphia Common iora 4 LC IV Res Insectivorous Ashy-crowned Sch- Common Eremopterix griseus sparrow lark 11 LC IV Res Granivorous Pericrocotus Sch- Common cinnamomeus Small Minivet 2 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Cisticola juncidis Zitting cisticola 4 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Orthotomus sutorius Common tailorbird 4 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Prinia inornata Plain prinia 4 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Prinia socialis Ashy prinia 6 LC IV Res Insectivorous Dendrocitta Sch- Common vagabunda Rufous treepie 2 LC IV Res Insectivorous Dicaeum Pale-billed Sch- Common erythrorhynchos flowerpecker 1 LC IV Res Frugivorous Dicrurus Sch- Common macrocercus Black drongo 9 LC IV Res Insectivorous Amandava Sch- Common amandava Red avadavat 6 LC IV Res Granivorous Sch- Common Euodice malabarica Indian silverbill 8 LC IV Res Granivorous Lonchura Scaly-breasted Sch- Abundant punctulata munia 21 LC IV Res Granivorous Carpodacus Sch- Rare erythrinus Common rosefinch 1 LC IV WM Granivorous Red-rumped Sch- Abundant Cecropis daurica swallow 33 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Lanius schach Long-tailed shrike 12 LC IV Res Insectivorous Yellow-billed Sch- Abundant Turdoides affinis babbler 23 LC IV Res Insectivorous

IUCN IWPA Feeding Scientific name Name Count Occurrence Abundance Status Status guild Black-naped Sch- Rare Hypothymis azurea monarch 2 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Anthus rufulus Paddyfield pipit 4 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Rare Motacilla alba White wagtail 2 LC IV WM Insectivorous Motacilla White-browed Sch- Common maderaspatensis wagtail 4 LC IV Res Insectivorous Oriental magpie Sch- Common Copsychus saularis robin 4 LC IV Res Insectivorous Tickell's blue Sch- Common Cyornis tickelliae flycatcher 6 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Saxiccola caprata Pied bush chat 4 LC IV Res Insectivorous Saxicoloides Sch- Common fulicatus Indian robin 11 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Cinnyris asiaticus Purple sunbird 4 LC IV Res nectarinidae Leptocoma Purple-rumped Sch- Common zeylonica sunbird 8 LC IV Res nectarinidae Indian golden Sch- Common Oriolus kundoo oriole 2 LC IV Res omnivorous Sch- Rare Parus major Great tit 3 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Passer domesticus House sparrow 26 LC IV Res Granivorous Sch- Common Pucnonotus cafer Red-vented bulbul 20 LC IV Res Frugivorous White-browed Sch- Common Pycnonotus luteolus bulbul 2 LC IV Res Frugivorous Sch- Abundant Acridotheres tristis Common myna 18 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Abundant Gracupica contra Asian Pied starling 2 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Sturnia pagodarum Brahminy starling 8 LC IV WM Insectivorous Yellow-eyed Sch- Common Chrysomma sinense babbler 2 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Abundant Ardeola grayii Indian pond heron 28 LC IV Res Piscivorous Sch- Abundant Bubulcus ibis Cattle egret 13 LC IV Res Insectivorous Sch- Common Casmerodius albus Great egret 3 LC IV Res Piscivorous Sch- Common Egretta garzetta Little egret 8 LC IV Res Piscivorous Sch- Rare Platalea leucorodia Eurasian spoonbill 1 LC IV WM Insectivorous Sch- Common Pseudibis papillosa Red-naped Ibis 2 LC IV Res omnivorous Megalamia Coppersmith Sch- Common haemacephala barbet 2 LC IV Res Frugivorous Chrysocolaptes White-naped Sch- Common festivus woodpecker 1 LC IV Res Insectivorous Dendrocopos Yellow-crowned Sch- Common mahrattensis woodpecker 2 LC IV Res Insectivorous

IUCN IWPA Feeding Scientific name Name Count Occurrence Abundance Status Status guild Dinopium Sch- Common benghalense Lesser goldenback 3 LC IV Res Insectivorous Psittacula Plum-headed Sch- Abundant cyanocephala parakeet 23 LC IV Res Frugivorous Alexandrine Sch- Rare Psittacula eupatria parakeet 9 NT IV WM Frugivorous Rose-ringed Sch- Abundant Psittacula krameri parakeet 56 LC IV Res Frugivorous Anhinga Sch- Common melanogaster Oriental darter 2 NT IV Res Piscivorous Sch- Common Phalacrocorax carbo Great cormorant 2 LC IV Res Piscivorous Sch- Abundant Phalacrocorax niger Little cormorant 22 LC IV Res Piscivorous

Feeding IUCN Status Occurrence Occurrence guild

Carni-8, Frugi -10, Res-80, Abund -13, LC-84, Grani-8, Res,WM- 1 & Common-65 & NT-4 & Vu-1 Insect-46, WM-8 Rare-11 Nect-2, Omni-5 & Pici-10

ANNEXURE - V

PLACES OF ECO-TOURISM VALUE

RUDRA PADALU (Manthani side)

KAKATIYA CAVES (Siwaram side)

ANNEXURE - VI

Photographic plates of the avian fauna of Siwaram Wildlife Sanctuary

ANNEXURE - VII Habitat Photo Plate