Consistent and Inconsistent Contraception Among Women 20-29: Insights from Qualitative Interviews Joanna Reed, University of California-Berkeley Paula England, New York University1 Krystale Littlejohn, Stanford University Brooke Conroy, Stanford University Working Paper 11-1 http://inequality.com May, 2011 The Center for the Study of Poverty and Inequality is a program of the Institute for Research in the Social Sciences (IRiSS). Support from the Elfenworks Foundation gratefully acknowledged. 1 Address communication to
[email protected] INTRODUCTION When surveys ask unmarried American women recently experiencing a pregnancy or birth whether, at the time of conception, they had wanted to get pregnant, only about a quarter indicate that they were (Finer and Henshaw 2006, p. 93, Table 1, data for 1994 and 2001). Some women may mislead interviewers into thinking their pregnancy was unintended when in fact it was at least ambivalently wanted, but even with an allowance for this, the high rate of unintended pregnancies is striking. Unintended pregnancies and births occur at all SES levels, but are especially common among those with low income and education (Musick et al. 2007; Finer and Henshaw 2006; Boonstra et al. 2006). Past research makes it clear that most American women having early, unintended, and/or nonmarital pregnancies generally know a fair amount about contraception, and have contracepted, but are inconsistent (Finer and Henshaw 2006; Edin et al. 2007). Thus, the main proximate cause of such pregnancies is having intercourse but not using contraception consistently. But why do sexually active men and women who aren’t desiring a pregnancy so often fail to contracept consistently? To answer this question, we analyze rich qualitative data from interviews with 51 unmarried women, age 20-29, including complete sexual histories with detailed narratives on each partner regarding contraceptive use and discontinuation.