Meteor Shower Date Peak Dates

Abstract ID - Th1-P009 ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS AND DIFFERENT TYPES OF METEOR SHOWERS Ajinkya Kakade, Sumedh Mane, Pratibha Mane. Department of Physics, Fergusson College, Pune-411 004, Maharashtra state, India Introduction Medium Level Meteor Shower Low Level Meteor Shower

Atmospheric aerosols are minute particles (10-9 to 10-4 m) suspended Zenith Hour Rate - Between 2 to 10 Meteors. Zenith Hour Rate - Less Than And Equal To 2 Meteors. in various layers of earth’s atmosphere. During meteor showers, huge Meteor Shower Date Peak Dates amount of cosmic debris called meteoroids enters into the Earth’s Alpha Centaurids (7th Feb 2009) Alpha Centaurids (8th Feb 2011) atmosphere. These particles contributes to aerosols in the Delta Velids Jan 22 –Feb 21(2009) 5 February 2009 mesosphere. An attempt is made to study correlation between the Beta Herculids Feb 10 -Feb 14(2011) 13 February 2011 mesospheric Aerosol Number Density in per dm3 (AND) and Meteor Gamma Normids Feb 25 -March 13(2011) 13 March 2011 Showers of medium-level (ZHR in between 2-10) and meteor Beta Herculids Delta Velids E04/02/09 M05/02/09 160 160 100 M05/02/09 100 M06/02/09 E13/02/11 M14/02/11 showers of low-level (ZHR˂2) also. The observations were carried M14/02/11 M15/02/11 out at tropical station Kolhapur (16°42′N, 74°14′E) during the period 140 140 1 January 2009 to 31 December 2011. 80 80 120 120

100 100 M14/02/11

160 M15/02/11 Altitude (Km) Altitude

th (Km) Altitude 140

th (Km) Altitude

CBE: Coma Berenicids (20 Dec 2010) (Km) Altitude CBE: Coma Berenicids (20 Dec 2009) 60 60 80 80 120

100

60 60 Altitude (Km) Altitude 80

60 40 40 40 40 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 40 AND 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 ANDAND AND AND E04/02/09 M05/02/09 100 M05/02/09 M06/02/09 M06/02/09E04/02/09 160 M05/02/09 M15/02/11 100 160 E13/02/11 160160 E06/02/09 M14/02/11E13/02/11 160 M14/02/11 100 M05/02/09 100 M06/02/09 M 15/02/11 E06/02/09 M14/02/11 E15/02/11M14/02/11 160 E15/02/11 100 100 E07/02/09 M15/02/11 M15/02/11

140 140 140140140 140

120

100 80 80 120120 120 80 120 120 Altitude(Km) 80 80 80 80 60 100100 100 100 100 M14/02/11 M14/02/11 40 160 M15/02/11

160 M15/02/11 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8

Altitude (Km) Altitude Altitude (Km) Altitude

AND Altitude (Km) Altitude Altitude (Km) Altitude 140

Altitude (Km) Altitude 140

Altitude (Km) Altitude Altitude (Km) Altitude

80 (Km) Altitude 60 6060 80 (Km) Altitude 60 8080 80

Altitude (Km) Altitude 120 Altitude (Km) Altitude 120 60 60 100 100

th 60 606060 60 Altitude (Km) Altitude Alpha Crucids (15 Jan 2009) (Km) Altitude Delta Cancrids (17 Jan 2009) 80 80

60 40 40 60 40 40 40 404040 40 0.1 0.10.1 0.20.20.2 0.30.30.3 0.40.40.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.60.7 0.70.80.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 E04/02/09 0.1 0.10.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 AND0.4 0.4 0.50.5 M05/02/090.6 0.70.7 0.8 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 40 AND 40 40 40 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 M05/02/09 AND 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 100 100 M06/02/09 AND AND AND 0.1 0.2 0.3 AND0.4 AND0.5 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4AND 0.5 0.6 0.7 AND AND M06/02/09 AND Methodology 160 E06/02/09 M06/02/09 160 M15/02/11 M15/02/11 E06/02/09E06/02/09 M 15/02/11 100 E07/02/09 M 15/02/11 E06/02/09 100 E15/02/11 160 E15/02/11 100 100 E07/02/09E15/02/11 160 E15/02/11 140 140 140 140 80 80 Basic Principle 120 120

100 120 100

80 120 Altitude(Km) 80 Altitude(Km) 80 • Sun is within 0-18º below the horizon. 80 80 80 60 60 Altitude (Km) Altitude 100 Altitude (Km) Altitude 100 60 60 40 • 40 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 The solar radiation scans the Earth’s atmosphere during the 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 AND

AND

Altitude (Km) Altitude Altitude (Km) Altitude Altitude (Km) Altitude 80

60 (Km) Altitude 80 60 Altitude (Km) Altitude enhancement of the twilight. (Km) Altitude 60 60 60 60 • Light received from any part of the sky is primarily due to the light 40 40 AND 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 40 40 40 AND 40 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.20.2 0.30.3 0.40.4 0.5 0.5 0.6 0.60.7 0.80.7 scattered by the illuminated molecules and the particles of interest. th th 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 PUP : Puppid /Velids (7 Dec 2011) COM: Coma40 Berenicids (29 Dec 2010) 40 M06/02/09 AND ANDAND 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 AND0.5 E06/02/090.6 0.7 E06/02/09 • The height of this lowest layer called twilight layer, increases with 100 AND 100 AND E07/02/09 increasing earth's shadow height. Gamma Normids

• Scattered light comes more and more from the higher altitudes 80

Altitude (Km) Altitude Altitude (Km) Altitude 60 60

40 40 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 AND AND Observations and Results Observations and Results Meteors Observations • In title of graphs we see the peak dates of respective meteor showers. On the Delta • Increased in AND observed in the morning of peak date • Measured time ‘t’ in terms of ‘seconds’ and intensity ‘I’ in terms of peak dates or just after the peak dates we get to see the increment in AND Velids from height of 70-90 km and slightly increased till the ‘volts’. starting with higher altitudes and then later in lower altitudes. morning of next day. • Observation time converted to solar zenith angle Z. • There are specific number of AND at respective altitudes which are not altered • AND decreased on next day of peak dates. Aerosols • unless such events occur. So before and after meteor showers we can see the The vertical height ‘h’ from the surface of the earth, of a point where settled at height of 40-50 km. normal distribution of AND w.r.t. altitudes. the solar ray grazing the surface of the earth meets the line of slight. • Overall increased in AND observed in the range of 50-100 • Frist two figures indicates the graphical interpretation of AND distribution just • ‘R’ is radius of earth and ‘δ’ is sun's depression 푝푎푟푡푖푐푙푒/푑푚3. before, after and on the day of Alpha Centaurids of year 2009 and 2011. In Earth’s Shadow Height both the graphs we see red curve is shifted slightly whereas blue and green Beta • Increased in AND observed after the peak date from curves coincides. Which indicates the AND increases just after the Meteor Herculids height of 50-160 km and remained almost same for a day. • The sun sinks below the horizon, the Shower and regains the original value. • Some aerosols came down by height of 6km in 24 • CBE ‘s data of 2009 is limited up to 80 km altitude due to lack of data. In hr.(108km to 102km) and also increased by almost 55 h= R sec( ) − 1 effective height of the Earth’s shadow 3 3 푝푎푟푡푖푐푙푒/푑푚 on 15/02/11. rises and scattering takes place to higher 2009 at 78 km altitude AND increases from 350 to 500 particles per dm (ppd) • Above 60km aerosols came to normal as they were before levels. and at same altitude for 2010 AND increases from 380 to 480 ppd. • Alpha Crucids and Delta Cancrids occur just one after another. At altitude of peak. Some aerosol settled on 91 km and 81 km (observed 1 dI d In I • Light received at the ground will be the by peaks). − = − primary scattered light by the particles of 80 km due to Alpha Crucids 2009 AND increased from 250 to 325 ppd and I dh dh due to Delta Cancrids 2009 AND increased from 275 to 350 ppd. Here we see • Overall increased in AND observed in the range of 50- interest 3 collective effect of both the Meteor Showers. 100 푝푎푟푡푖푐푙푒/푑푚 . • Variations in the vertical profiles 1 dI dIn (aerosol number density) • The intersection of blue and red curve in PUP indicates aerosols were just − = − of the molecular density were Gamma • Increased in AND observed by 3 times. I dH dh introduced in atmosphere at higher altitude. Below the crossing red curve very small and their effect on the shows normal AND while blue curve shows AND travelled down as the time Normids • 70-150 km on M 12/03/11 and 60-150 km on observed is constant. passes. M 13/03/11 and 50-150 km on M 16/03/11. • COM shows the distribution of AND before and after the event. Where we • Overall increased in AND observed in the range of 50- Aerosol Number Density/ cm3 = Antilog10 {10[1/I (dI/dh)]-1} get to see red curve is distinctly shifted to right. 150 푝푎푟푡푖푐푙푒/푑푚3. Instrument Conclusions

Block Diagram Semiautomatic Twilight ➢Aerosol particles are evenly distributed along the altitude of range 50 km to ➢Most of these suspended particles starts moving downwards which Of Instrument Photometer 150 km (Mesosphere and Thermosphere). causes increase in AND at lower altitudes. Few particles gathers at ➢There are 72 meteor showers per year out of which 54 are Medium and Low particular altitudes and then descents together. Level . Hence these meteor showers affects AND crucially which in turn ➢Within few days the original average value of AND in Mesosphere and affects other climatic parameters. Thermosphere is obtained again. ➢Meteor debris i.e. aerosol particles gets significantly introduced to Earth’s ➢Aerosols are nuclei of the clouds. Hence at lower altitudes these affects atmosphere at higher altitudes causing boost in AND at higher altitudes first. the cloud formation. References Acknowledgments

• G. M. Shah, Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad, India Manuscript received August 16,1968, We show our sincere gratitude to IMD as IMSP and IITM for conducting the symposium and so study of aerosols in the atmosphere by twilight scattering giving us the opportunity to present our poster. We would like to extend our sincere thanks to Dr. • Pratibha B. Mane, A. Venkateswara Rao, Semiautomatic Twilight Photometer, Design and Working, Pratibha Mane and Dr. Raka V. Dabhade for their guidance throughout the project. We also thank The research paper published by IJSER journal is about Semiautomatic Twilight Photometer, Design them for providing data of Semiautomatic Photometer taken at Kolhapur from 2009 to 2011, which and Working 1 ISSN 2229-5518. has been main aspect of the project. We also thank principal, all teaching and nonteaching staff of • Adam Voiland, NASA Earth Observatory, 2 Nov 2010, Aerosols: Tiny Particles Big Impact Fergusson College especially of department of Physics.