Meteor Showers
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Assessing Risk from Dangerous Meteoroids in Main Meteor Showers Andrey Murtazov
Proceedings of the IMC, Mistelbach, 2015 155 Assessing risk from dangerous meteoroids in main meteor showers Andrey Murtazov Astronomical observatory, Ryazan State University, Ryazan, Russia [email protected] The risk from dangerous meteoroids in main meteor showers is calculated. The showers were: Quadrantids–2014; Eta Aquariids–2013, Perseids–2014 and Geminids–2014. The computed results for the risks during the shower periods of activity and near the maximum are provided. 1 Introduction The activity periods of these showers (IMO) are: Quadrantids–2014; 1d; Eta Aquariids–2013; 10d, Bright meteors are of serious hazard for space vehicles. Perseids–2014; 14d and Geminids–2014; 4d. A lot of attention has been recently paid to meteor Our calculations have shown that the average collisions N investigations in the context of the different types of of dangerous meteoroids for these showers in their hazards caused by comparatively small meteoroids. activity periods are: Furthermore, the investigation of risk distribution related Quadrantids–2014: N = (2.6 ± 0.5)10-2 km-2; to collisions of meteoroids over 1 mm in diameter with Eta Aquariids–2013: N = (2.8)10-1 km-2; space vehicles is quite important for the long-term Perseids–2014: N = (8.4 ± 0.8)10-2 km-2; forecast regarding the development of space research and Geminids–2014: N = (4.8 ± 0.8)10-2 km-2. circumterrestrial ecology problems (Beech, et al., 1997; Wiegert, Vaubaillon, 2009). Consequently, the average value of collision risk was: Considered hazardous are the meteoroids that create -2 -1 Quadrantids–2014: R = 0.03 km day ; meteors brighter than magnitude 0. -
Meteor Shower Detection with Density-Based Clustering
Meteor Shower Detection with Density-Based Clustering Glenn Sugar1*, Althea Moorhead2, Peter Brown3, and William Cooke2 1Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 2NASA Meteoroid Environment Office, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, 35812 3Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London N6A3K7, Canada *Corresponding author, E-mail: [email protected] Abstract We present a new method to detect meteor showers using the Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise algorithm (DBSCAN; Ester et al. 1996). DBSCAN is a modern cluster detection algorithm that is well suited to the problem of extracting meteor showers from all-sky camera data because of its ability to efficiently extract clusters of different shapes and sizes from large datasets. We apply this shower detection algorithm on a dataset that contains 25,885 meteor trajectories and orbits obtained from the NASA All-Sky Fireball Network and the Southern Ontario Meteor Network (SOMN). Using a distance metric based on solar longitude, geocentric velocity, and Sun-centered ecliptic radiant, we find 25 strong cluster detections and 6 weak detections in the data, all of which are good matches to known showers. We include measurement errors in our analysis to quantify the reliability of cluster occurrence and the probability that each meteor belongs to a given cluster. We validate our method through false positive/negative analysis and with a comparison to an established shower detection algorithm. 1. Introduction A meteor shower and its stream is implicitly defined to be a group of meteoroids moving in similar orbits sharing a common parentage. -
Meteor Showers # 11.Pptx
20-05-31 Meteor Showers Adolf Vollmy Sources of Meteors • Comets • Asteroids • Reentering debris C/2019 Y4 Atlas Brett Hardy 1 20-05-31 Terminology • Meteoroid • Meteor • Meteorite • Fireball • Bolide • Sporadic • Meteor Shower • Meteor Storm Meteors in Our Atmosphere • Mesosphere • Atmospheric heating • Radiant • Zenithal Hourly Rate (ZHR) 2 20-05-31 Equipment Lounge chair Blanket or sleeping bag Hot beverage Bug repellant - ThermaCELL Camera & tripod Tracking Viewing Considerations • Preparation ! Locate constellation ! Take a nap and set alarm ! Practice photography • Location: dark & unobstructed • Time: midnight to dawn https://earthsky.org/astronomy- essentials/earthskys-meteor-shower- guide https://www.amsmeteors.org/meteor- showers/meteor-shower-calendar/ • Where to look: 50° up & 45-60° from radiant • Challenges: fatigue, cold, insects, Moon • Recording observations ! Sky map, pen, red light & clipboard ! Time, position & location ! Recording device & time piece • Binoculars Getty 3 20-05-31 Meteor Showers • 112 confirmed meteor showers • 695 awaiting confirmation • Naming Convention ! C/2019 Y4 (Atlas) ! (3200) Phaethon June Tau Herculids (m) Parent body: 73P/Schwassmann-Wachmann Peak: June 2 – ZHR = 3 Slow moving – 15 km/s Moon: Waning Gibbous June Bootids (m) Parent body: 7p/Pons-Winnecke Peak: June 27– ZHR = variable Slow moving – 14 km/s Moon: Waxing Crescent Perseid by Brian Colville 4 20-05-31 July Delta Aquarids Parent body: 96P/Machholz Peak: July 28 – ZHR = 20 Intermediate moving – 41 km/s Moon: Waxing Gibbous Alpha -
The 2019 Meteor Shower Activity Forecast for Low Earth Orbit 1 Overview
NASA METEOROID ENVIRONMENT OFFICE The 2019 meteor shower activity forecast for low Earth orbit Issued 15 October 2018 The purpose of this document is to provide a forecast of major meteor shower activity in low Earth orbit. Several meteor showers – the Draconids, Perseids, eta Aquariids, Orionids, and potentially the Androme- dids – are predicted to exhibit increased rates in 2019. However, no storms (meteor showers with visual rates exceeding 1000 [1, 2]) are predicted. 1 Overview Both the MSFC stream model [3] and the Egal et al. Draconid model [4] predict a second Draconid outburst in 2019. The 2019 Draconids are expected to have nearly the same level of activity as the 2018 Draconids, which reached a zenithal hourly rate (or ZHR) of about 100. Twin outbursts also occurred in 2011 and 2012 [5, 6]. The Perseids, eta Aquariids, and Orionids are expected to show mild enhancements over their baseline activity level in 2019. The Perseids are expected to be slightly more active in 2019 than in 2018, with a peak ZHR around 112. The eta Aquariids and Orionids, which belong to a single meteoroid stream generated by comet 1P/Halley, are thought to have a 12-year activity cycle and are currently increasing in activity from year to year. A review of eta Aquariid literature [7, 8, 9, 10] also indicates that the overall activity level is higher than previously believed, and this is reflected in higher forecasted rates (a ZHR of 75) and fluxes for this shower. We may see enhanced beta Taurid activity in 2019. The beta Taurids are part of the same stream as the Northern and Southern Taurids but produce daytime meteors. -
„Ordinary“ Showers
„Ordinary“ Showers # MDC Show Shower Name MDC Number Solar Longitude Right Declination Vgeo Comment Num Code Status of Ascension ber Meteors Mean/ Max Interval Mean Drift Mean Drift Mean Drift [°] [°] [°] [°] [°] [°] [km/s] [km/s] 1 40 ZCY zeta Cygnids W 500 16 13-20 302 +0.3 +40 +0.2 40 - NM; SS: α,δ,v geo ; DM: δ 2 131 DAL delta Aquilids W 200 20 17-23 308 +1.0 +12 +0.3 63 - DM: δ 3 136 SLE sigma Leonids W 1,000 26 18-35 201 +0.6 +3 +0.0 19 -0.16 NM; DM: α,v geo 348 ARC April rho Cygnids E 4 1,700 33 13-44 314 +0.8 +44.5 +0.3 42 +0.00 ARC and NCY are identical 409 NCY nu Cygnids W 5 346 XHE x Herculids W 300 352 350-355 256 +0.8 +48.5 -0.0 35 - NM 6 6 LYR April Lyrids E 4,000 32.5 28-35 272.6 +0.65 +33.2 -0.3 45.5 +0.25 7 343 HVI H Virginids W 200 41 39-43 205 +0.7 -11 -0.5 17 - NM; SD; NAD 8 31 ETA eta Aquariids E 3,800 47 38-59 339.1 +0.64 -0.5 +0.33 66.5 +0.1 9 531 GAQ gamma Aquilids W 320 48 45-52 307 -0.1 +14.5 -0.1 66 - NM; SS: α; Part of N Apex? 10 145 ELY eta Lyrids E 800 50 45-52 291.3 +0.15 +43.4 +0.0 42.6 - Maybe active longer; DM: δ 11 520 MBC May beta Capricornids W 150 59 56-61 305 +0.7 -15 +0.3 68 - NM; WS; similar to 7CCA 12 362 JMC June mu Cassiopeiids W 150 71 69-74 11 +2.8 +53 +0.5 42 - WS; SS: α,δ,v geo 13 171 ARI Daytime Arietids E 70 77 74-79 44 +1.0 +23.5 +0.1 42 NM; Daytime shower; DM: v geo 14 164 NZC Northern June Aquilids E 200 82 79-84 293 +1.0 -12 -0.4 42 - DM: v geo 510 JRC NM; SD; NAD; short & strong; 15 June rho Cygnids W 190 84 83-85 320.4 +0.8 44.7 -0.8 48 - 521 JRP JRP is identical to JRC 16 410 DPI -
Meteor Activity Outlook for January 2-8, 2021
Meteor Activity Outlook for January 2-8, 2021 Daniel Bush captured this impressive fireball at 04:11 UT (23:11 CDT on Sept. 5) on 6 Septmeber 2020, from Albany, Missouri, USA. For more details on this particular event visit: https://fireball.amsmeteors.org/members/imo_view/event/2020/5020. Credit Daniel Bush January is best known for the Quadrantids, which have the potential of being the best shower of the year. Unfortunately, this shower is short lived and occurs during some of the worst weather in the northern hemisphere. Due to the high northern declination (celestial latitude) and short summer nights, little of this activity can be seen south of the equator. There are many very minor showers active throughout the month. Unfortunately, most of these produce less than 1 shower member per hour and do not add much to the overall activity total. Activity gets interesting as seen from the southern hemisphere as ill-defined radiants in Vela, Carina, and Crux become active this month. This activity occurs during the entire first quarter of the year and moves eastward into Centaurus in February and ends in March with activity in Norma and Lupus. Sporadic rates are generally similar in both hemispheres this month. Sporadic rates are falling though for observers in the northern hemisphere and rising as seen from the southern hemisphere. During this period, the moon reaches its last quarter phase on Wednesday January 6th. At this time, the moon is located 90 degrees west of the sun in the sky and will rise near midnight standard time. -
N Why to Start with Emeteornews? N Bright Fireball Reports N Visual
e-Zine for meteor observers meteornews.org Vol. 1 / May 2016 Map of the radiants of the multi-station orbits belonging to the meteor showers from IUA MDC working list. Map is in the ecliptical coordinate system, the center is located at position LON=270°/LAT=0°. Ecliptical longitude of the Sun is subtracted from the ecliptical longitude of the orbits radiant. n Why to start with n Results of the EDMOND eMeteorNews? and SonotaCo databases n Bright fireball reports n Using R to analyze Your n Visual observing meteor data reports n AMOS in Chile 2016 – 1 eMeteorNews Contents Editorial Paul Roggemans .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Why to start with eMeteorNews ? Paul Roggemans .......................................................................................................................................... 2 Obituary: Teodor Pintér (1947-2016) Paul Roggemans .......................................................................................................................................... 4 Visual observing reports Paul Jones, Koen Miskotte .......................................................................................................................... 5 Fireball events March – April 2016 Compiled by Paul Roggemans .................................................................................................................. 13 St. Patrick’s Day fireball over United Kingdom Richard Kacerek ....................................................................................................................................... -
Activity of the Eta-Aquariid and Orionid Meteor Showers A
Astronomy & Astrophysics manuscript no. Egal2020b ©ESO 2020 June 16, 2020 Activity of the Eta-Aquariid and Orionid meteor showers A. Egal1; 2; 3,?, P. G. Brown1; 2, J. Rendtel4, M. Campbell-Brown1; 2, and P. Wiegert1; 2 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada 2 Institute for Earth and Space Exploration (IESX), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada 3 IMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Lille, France 4 Leibniz-Institut f. Astrophysik Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany, and International Meteor Organization, Eschenweg 16, 14476 Potsdam, Germany Received XYZ; accepted XYZ ABSTRACT Aims. We present a multi-instrumental, multidecadal analysis of the activity of the Eta-Aquariid and Orionid meteor showers for the purpose of constraining models of 1P/Halley’s meteoroid streams. Methods. The interannual variability of the showers’ peak activity and period of duration is investigated through the compilation of published visual and radar observations prior to 1985 and more recent measurements reported in the International Meteor Organization (IMO) Visual Meteor DataBase, by the IMO Video Meteor Network and by the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR). These techniques probe the range of meteoroid masses from submilligrams to grams. The η-Aquariids and Orionids activity duration, shape, maximum zenithal hourly rates (ZHR) values, and the solar longitude of annual peaks since 1985 are analyzed. When available, annual activity profiles recorded by each detection network were measured and are compared. Results. Observations from the three detection methods show generally good agreement in the showers’ shape, activity levels, and annual intensity variations. -
Activity of the Eta-Aquariid and Orionid Meteor Showers A
A&A 640, A58 (2020) Astronomy https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202038115 & © A. Egal et al. 2020 Astrophysics Activity of the Eta-Aquariid and Orionid meteor showers A. Egal1,2,3, P. G. Brown2,3, J. Rendtel4, M. Campbell-Brown2,3, and P. Wiegert2,3 1 IMCCE, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University, CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06, Univ. Lille, France 2 Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada e-mail: [email protected] 3 Institute for Earth and Space Exploration (IESX), The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada 4 Leibniz-Institut f. Astrophysik Potsdam, An der Sternwarte 16, 14482 Potsdam, Germany, and International Meteor Organization, Eschenweg 16, 14476 Potsdam, Germany Received 7 April 2020 / Accepted 10 June 2020 ABSTRACT Aims. We present a multi-instrumental, multidecadal analysis of the activity of the Eta-Aquariid and Orionid meteor showers for the purpose of constraining models of 1P/Halley’s meteoroid streams. Methods. The interannual variability of the showers’ peak activity and period of duration is investigated through the compilation of published visual and radar observations prior to 1985 and more recent measurements reported in the International Meteor Organiza- tion (IMO) Visual Meteor DataBase, by the IMO Video Meteor Network and by the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar (CMOR). These techniques probe the range of meteoroid masses from submilligrams to grams. The η-Aquariids and Orionids activity duration, shape, maximum zenithal hourly rates values, and the solar longitude of annual peaks since 1985 are analyzed. When available, annual activity profiles recorded by each detection network were measured and are compared. -
Meteor Activity Outlook for April 17-23, 2021
Meteor Activity Outlook for April 17-23, 2021 Greg Johnson captured this fireball in the constellation of Cassiopeia on 12 March 2021 from Hansville, Washington, USA. During this period the moon reaches its first quarter phase on Tuesday April 20th. On this date the moon is located 90 degrees east of the sun and sets near 03:00 local daylight saving time (LDST). As the week progresses the waxing gibbous moon will encroach into the late morning sky, limiting the opportunity to view under dark skies. The estimated total hourly meteor rates for evening observers this week is near 2 as seen from mid-northern latitudes (45N) and 3 as seen from tropical southern locations (25S). For morning observers, the estimated total hourly rates should be near 7 as seen from mid-northern latitudes (45N) and 11 as seen from tropical southern locations (25S). The actual rates will also depend on factors such as personal light and motion perception, local weather conditions, alertness, and experience in watching meteor activity. Evening rates are reduced during this period due to moonlight. Note that the hourly rates listed below are estimates as viewed from dark sky sites away from urban light sources. Observers viewing from urban areas will see less activity as only the brighter meteors will be visible from such locations. The radiant (the area of the sky where meteors appear to shoot from) positions and rates listed below are exact for Saturday night/Sunday morning April 17/18. These positions do not change greatly day to day so the listed coordinates may be used during this entire period. -
Investigating the Radiant Sources of Meteors Anamol Mittal, Dr
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 8, Issue 10, October-2017 1369 ISSN 2229-5518 Investigating the radiant sources of meteors Anamol Mittal, Dr. K. Kishore Kumar Abstract— The results obtained in the present study, which are related to basic meteor phenomenon such as meteor velocity distribution, height distribution and annual variability of meteors are discussed. An attempt is also made to identify the peak radiant sources of the observed meteors. The results are found to be consistent with the present understanding of the meteor phenomenon. Further studies are required to estimate the orbits of the meteors using single station observations. The important outcome of the present study is the algorithm for estimating the radiant sources using azimuth, zenith angle observations of meteor radar. Index Terms— Astronomy, earth sciences, entrance velocity distribution, meteor wind radar, meteors, radiant sources, Thumba —————————— —————————— 1 INTRODUCTION eople have always wondered about the worlds that lie 3. Epoch: In astronomy, an epoch is a moment in time P beyond the boundaries of sky, the purpose of our exis- used as a reference point for some time-varying as- tence, whether the existence of earth is a result of some tronomical quantity, such as the celestial coordinates higher purpose or just a lucky coincidence? Well, answers to or elliptical orbital elements of a celestial body, be- these questions are not known and beyond the reach of present technology. One such question asks: Where do the cause these are subject to perturbations and vary with meteoroids (most commonly known as falling stars) come time.[2] from and how is their distribution in solar system related to the formation of planets and other solar system bodies? You may find answers to these questions as you proceed through the report. -
ISSN 2570-4745 VOL 4 / ISSUE 2 / MARCH 2019 All
e-Zine for meteor observers meteornews.net ISSN 2570-4745 VOL 4 / ISSUE 2 / MARCH 2019 All sky camera image between 20h08m40s – 20h09m40s UT at Wilderen, Belgium by Jean-Marie Biets October Ursae Majorids October Camelopardalids Draconid outburst analyses CAMS reports Radio observations Fireballs 2019 – 2 eMeteorNews Contents October Ursae Majorids (OCU#333) Paul Roggemans, Carl Johannink and Peter Cambell-Burns ................................................................... 55 October Camelopardalids (OCT#281) Paul Roggemans, Carl Johannink and Peter Cambell-Burns ................................................................... 65 The outburst of the Draconid meteor shower in 2018: an analysis Koen Miskotte ............................................................................................................................................ 74 The η-Aquariids (ETA#031) Paul Roggemans and Carl Johannink ....................................................................................................... 79 Overview of meteor observations in 2018 Koen Miskotte ............................................................................................................................................ 82 Perseid campaign at Aubenas Les Alpes, Haute Provence Michel Vandeputte ..................................................................................................................................... 83 Draconid observations 8–9 October 2018 Koen Miskotte ...........................................................................................................................................