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CROSS-BORDER DIARIES BULLETIN on WEST AFRICAN LOCAL-REGIONAL REALITIES with the Support of the Sahel and West Africa Club

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CROSS-BORDER DIARIES BULLETIN on WEST AFRICAN LOCAL-REGIONAL REALITIES with the Support of the Sahel and West Africa Club FRONTIÈRES ET INTÉGRATIONS EN AFRIQUE DE L’OUEST WEST AFRICAN BORDERS AND INTEGRATION Issue 06, June 2007 CROSS-BORDER DIARIES BULLETIN ON WEST AFRICAN LOCAL-REGIONAL REALITIES With the support of the Sahel and West Africa Club www.afriquefrontieres.org CROSS BORDER NET WORKS SUMMARY N° 06, June 2007 Editorial •FROM ONE BORDER TO ANOTHER,p.3 Niger - Mali TRANSHUMANCE AND CROSS-BORDER SECURITY •LIVESTOCK BREEDERS FROM NIGER {AND MALI EVALUATE THE SITUATION IN { TILLABÉRI, P. 48 •CREATION OF A CROSS-BORDER RADIO STATIONS NETWORK, P.6 Sénégambie Méridionale •ASSESSMENT OF THE CIP SENEGAMBIA PILOT OPERATION , P.8 { •THE ROAD TO A MINI CULTURAL FESTIVAL, P.12 { Report : Niger, Amenagement transfrontalier • DOSSO OR GAYA? THE DRY PORT ACQUIRES WATER., P.18 • DRY PORT,CONTROVERSIAL PORT, P.22 The Cross-border Diaries are published both in French and English. available on www.oecd.org/sah www.afriquefrontieres.org …WHICH PARTNERSHIPS AND RESOURCES CAN ENCOURAGE CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION?,P.26 ,QHGLWRULDODQG¿QDQFLDOSDUWQHUVKLSZLWK the Sahel and West Africa Club-OECD Europe - Africa Responsible : Marie Trémolières …«BORDERS ARE “HISTORICAL SCARS.” WE CANNOT FORGET SWAC-OECD {THEM, BUT WE ALSO CANNOT NURTURE THEM», P.30 { 2 rue A. Pascal 75116 Paris-France T: +33 1 45 24 89 68 F: +33 1 45 24 90 31 [email protected] Editor : Guy-Michel Bolouvi Nigeria - Niger Sud Communication (Sud-Com Niger) BP 12952 Niamey-Niger JOINT COMMISSION FOR COOPÉRATION T: +227 96 98 20 50 F: +227 20 75 50 92 •APRECURSOR TO CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION, P. 34 [email protected] With contributions by Florent Arragain, Guy-Michel Bolouvi, Mohamadou Abdoul, Emmanuel Salliot, Marie Trémolières, Lotje de Vries. Burkina - Côte d’Ivoire - Mali Translation Leslie Diamond CROSS-BORDER RADIO STA- Printing OECD TIONS NETWORK This publication’s content • KURUMBA, 1 YEAR ALREADY: { { only represents its authors’views. ALMOST FULLY OPERATIONAL, P.40 © Copyright : All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrivial system or transmitted in any form or by means, electronic, photocopying, recording or other- wise without the prior permission of the SWAC-OECD. EDITORIAL FROM ONE BORDER TO ANOTHER his edition of the Border Diaries is a composite, travelling all along the already-explored borders … TIt explores the progress accomplished in the ECOWAS pilot operations in the zones of Niger-Nigeria, Mali- Burkina Faso, and focuses more on Senegambie Meridionale. It reports on other areas: Dosso and Gaya embroiled in a passionate debate on the future of a dry port; a meeting in Tillabéri with the aim of curbing the violence linked to border transhumance. 2XWRIWKH¿HOGWKH'LDULHVFORVHO\IROORZWKHGHYHORSPHQWRIWKHQHZ$IULFDQ8QLRQ%RUGHU3URJUDPPHZKLFKLVJHD- red towards West African experiences. Finally, this edition is dedicated to Lotje de Vries who has returned to Holland DIWHUDORQJFDUHHUDW(QGD'LDSRODQGZRUNLQJLQWKH¿HOGLQERUGHUDUHDV The Editors CROSS-BORDER DIARIES JUNE 2007 3 CROSS-BORDER NETWORKS POLICY DIALOGUE’S ROLE IN CROSS-BORDER COOPERATION MOHAMADOU ABDOUL,ENDA PROSPECTIVES DIALOGUES POLITIQUES (DIAPOL) :KDWDFKLHYHPHQWVDQGFKDOOHQJHVUHSUHVHQW SROLF\GLD- ORJXHIRUERUGHUFRRSHUDWLRQ" With a view to cross-border cooperation, policy dialogue reveals tremendous potential for a new and innovative approach to local development and regional integration. But it is operationally very complex and there are various challenges to face. First, the implementation of cross-border cooperation is confronted, through various stages of its operationalisation and depending on the activity sectors concerned, with the over cautiousness of jealous States of their national sove- reignty. This obstacle is avoidable when actors act within the fra- mework of bilateral agreements between neighbouring Mohamadou Abdoul countries and that of regulatory and legislative intergo- YHUQPHQWDO RUJDQLVDWLRQV¶ PHFKDQLVPV $8 (&2:$6 )LUVWO\SOHDVHGH¿QHZKDW\RXPHDQE\SROLF\GLDORJXH 8(02$HWF 3ROLF\GLDORJXHDVDSHUSHWXDOFRQFHUWHGDSSURDFKDPRQJ State and non-State actors, is a collective regulatory exer- 3URPRWLQJSROLF\GLDORJXHWKURXJKFURVVERUGHUFRRSHUD- cise of social, political and economic relations. tion, envisaged as a lever of local development of a new It is an age-old dynamic. type and driver of regional integration, raises the issue of The parties created it together for a common goal and equal legitimacy between all involved actors. general interest. During this process, various categories Not all of these actors are integrated into the legitimisation of actors engage in dialogue, and cooperate while highli- process nor are the organisational structures and institu- ghting their complementarity. tions predisposed to this equality. They negotiate also through competition, alliances and 3ROLF\ GLDORJXH ZKLFK LQIXVHV GHPRFUDF\ DQG SDUWLFLSD- FRQÀLFWWKHPRGL¿DEOHPRGDOLWLHVDQGSRVLWLRQVRIWKHLU tive governance can clash with the exercising modalities interactions. of representative democracy. This maintains the intermediation function, that is to say It involves an eminently political situation where power the fact that elected and/or nominated individuals or groups stakes reposition as a result of tension between individual speak and react on behalf of others. As a result, the roles, interests and collective and general interests. SROLWLFDO WHFKQLFDO DQG ¿QDQFLDO IXQFWLRQV WKH YDULRXV 4 CROSS-BORDER DIARIES JUNE 2007 levels of intervention and their interweaving are major This experience is shared with the wider circles where factors in policy dialogue and cross-border cooperation. issues linked to these dynamics are discussed. In these The outline facilitates the interaction of several categories spheres, the WABI initiators are defending their positions RIDFWRUVDQGLVWKHFRQGLWLRQIRUVXI¿FLHQWUHJXODWLRQ and arguments with State representatives, the academic The mechanisms of all involved parties are this policy dia- environment, the private sector, strategic partners and other logue’s coherence tools. PHPEHUV RI FLYLO VRFLHW\ $(%5 &5($) (&$81'3 81(6&2 :KHUHDUH:$%,DQG(QGD'LDSROLQWKHVWUHQJWKHQLQJ It also involves periods where potential collaboration is RIWKLVSROLWLFDOPHFKDQLVP" explored and publications are disseminated, where policy The WABI Initiative is one of the places for building and dialogue is strengthened. strengthening advocacy in favor of cross-border coopera- tion. Basically, this objective of bringing together diversities 7KDQNVWRWKLVLQLWLDWLYHWKH$IULFDQ8QLRQDQG(&2:$6 in order to co-build joint futures is following its course. strongly support the idea and are starting to be more invol- The pieces of the puzzle fall progressively into place and YHGLQWKHSURFHVVZKLFKHQWDLOVVLJQL¿FDQWSROLWLFDOVXSSRUW the interlacing of initiatives and territories over the course The network is expanding and its partners are diversifying of progress on areas of strategic thinking, decisions and &,/66*7=*5'581'3 7KHGH¿QHGFURVVERUGHU concrete actions. • Interview carried out by Florent Arragain action plans for pilot operations in the SKBo (Sikasso ±%RER'LRXODVVR DQG³6HQHJDPELD0HULGLRQDO´]RQHV are beginning to be carried out. New experiences are being launched: Karakoro Basin between Mali - Mauritania and Maradi-Katsina-Kano between Niger - Nigeria. Enda Diapol, the DNF and the SWAC are asked to sup- port the development of cross-border cooperation in new areas. Their support foreshadows the strongest and most sustainable partnerships. However, for these initiatives to be wholly independent constitutes an important challenge. Efforts must in effect now be devoted to the systemiza- WLRQRI¿QDQFLDOPHFKDQLVPVLQRUGHUWRSXUVXHWKHHIIRUWV undertaken. :KDWDUHWKHSURVSHFWV" After several years of strategic thinking, research and action, the achievements of cross-border cooperation and regional integration are encouraging. CROSS-BORDER DIARIES JUNE 2007 5 SÉNÉGAMBIE MERIDIONALE SENEGAL-THE GAMBIA-GUINEA BISSAU By Florent ARRAGAIN - Enda Diapol &RQWDFWÀRUHQWDUUDJDLQ#HQGDGLDSRORUJ « RETRARC – GUISEGAMB » CREATION OF A CROSS-BORDER RADIO STATIONS NETWORK 2QH \HDU DIWHU WKH ODXQFKLQJ ZRUNVKRS RI WKH (&2:$6 &,3 principle coordinator. Their missions &URVVERUGHU,QLWLDWLYHV3URJUDPPH SLORWRSHUDWLRQLQVXSSRUW DUHGH¿QHGDVIROORZV RIFURVVERUGHUFRRSHUDWLRQLQ6pQpJDPELHPpULGLRQDOH JXLQHD %LVVDX6HQHJDOWKH*DPELD DFURVVERUGHUQHWZRUNRIDJURXS RIFRPPXQLW\UDGLRVWDWLRQVRIWKHWKUHHHFRXQWULHVZDVVHWXS • Work towards strengthening the cultural and economic integration of - (OHYHQ UDGLRVWDWLRQVLQWRWDOVXFFHHGLQEUHDNLQJWKHEDU the population, while respecting the ULHUV ZLWK WKH VXSSRUW RI (1'$'DLSRO WKH 6:$& DQG *7= 3URFDV :DYHV IURP WKH QHWZRUN RI &URVVERUGHU &RPPXQLW\ fundamental values of each of them; 5DGLR6WDWLRQVIURP*XLQHD%LVVDX6HQHJDODQGWKH*DPELD FDOOHG³5(75$5&±*8,6(*$0%´KDYHEHHQVHQWDFURVVWKH • Support the cross-border commu- 6HQHJDPELDQFURVVERUGHUDUHD nity radio station sector in its role of promoting exchanges and solidarity RETRARC is governed by an radio stations and a bureau comprised among populations; Executive Committee consisting of of three national coordinators and one the directors of the different member 6 CROSS-BORDER DIARIES JUNE 2007 • Contribute to synergising all of the They would like to: be instructed After several months in existence, actors and structures participating in on the legislation and regulations in RETRARC’s development seems pro- the promotion of cross-border coo- force; organise radio broadcast round- mising although it remains tenuous. peration initiatives, peace and West tables bringing together
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