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Comprehensive Evaluation Report

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Comprehensive Evaluation Report United States Department of Agriculture Draft Evaluation of the Forest Service Need for Change March 2010 Revision to the George Washington Revised Land Management Plan George Washington and Jefferson National Forests Roanoke, Virginia Tiger Salamander: Photo: USFS The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact USDA‘s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TDD). To file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 14th and Independence Avenue, SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call (202) 720-5964 (voice and TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction ............................................................................................. 1 Background and Purpose of Report .............................................................................. 1 Analysis Area ................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2. Major Changes Since the 1993 Revised forest Plan ..................................... 2 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 2 Forest Service Strategic Plan ......................................................................................... 2 Region 8 Strategic Framework ...................................................................................... 3 Forests Consolidation ..................................................................................................... 4 Southern Appalachians Assessment .............................................................................. 4 Chapter 3. Ecological Conditions and Trends .............................................................. 5 Introduction ................................................................................................................... 5 Issue Biodiversity ........................................................................................................... 5 A. Fragmentation (Successional Habitat) ............................................................. 5 B. Old Growth ..................................................................................................... 13 C. Conversion ..................................................................................................... 26 D. Riparian Areas................................................................................................ 27 E. Management Indicator Species ....................................................................... 47 F. Threatened, Endangered, and Sensitive (TES) Species .................................. 49 G. Unique Natural Communities (Special Biological Areas) ............................. 54 H. Fisheries ......................................................................................................... 60 I. Wildlife ............................................................................................................ 60 Issue Resource Sustainability ...................................................................................... 69 A. Ecosystem Management/Ecological Restoration ........................................... 69 B. Extirpated Animal Species ............................................................................. 71 C. Soil Productivity ............................................................................................. 71 D. Water Quality ................................................................................................. 79 G. Fire ................................................................................................................. 90 H. Air .................................................................................................................. 97 I. Groundwater, Caves and Karst ........................................................................ 99 J. Geologic Hazards ......................................................................................... 102 Issue Forest Pests and Invasive Species ..................................................................... 105 A. Population Control ...................................................................................... 105 B. Intervention Treatments .............................................................................. 106 C. Silvicultural Practices .................................................................................. 108 D. Non-Native Invasive Plants ........................................................................ 109 Chapter 4. Social and Economic Conditions and Trends .......................................... 111 Introduction ............................................................................................................... 111 Issue Timber Program ............................................................................................... 111 A. Efficiency of Timber Sale Program ............................................................ 111 B. Rural Development ..................................................................................... 113 C. Suitability (Review) .................................................................................... 114 D. Allowable Sale Quantity ............................................................................. 116 E. Salvage ........................................................................................................ 118 Issue Forest Access ..................................................................................................... 121 A1. System Roads in Wildlife Management Areas ......................................... 121 A2. System Roads across the Forest ................................................................ 124 B. Licensed OHV Use...................................................................................... 127 C. Non-Motorized Trails .................................................................................. 128 D. Access for Persons with Disabilities ........................................................... 130 Issue All-Terrain Vehicle (ATV) Use ......................................................................... 132 Issue Roadless Area Management ............................................................................. 133 A. Existing Inventoried Roadless Areas .......................................................... 133 B. New Potential Wilderness Area Inventory .................................................. 139 Issue Special Management Areas ............................................................................... 141 A. Wilderness ................................................................................................... 141 B. Wild and Scenic Rivers ............................................................................... 142 C. Important Scenic and Recreational Areas ................................................... 144 Issue Aesthetics ........................................................................................................... 145 Issue Vegetation Manipulation .................................................................................. 147 A. Herbicides ................................................................................................... 147 Issue Minerals and Energy......................................................................................... 148 A. Federal Minerals ......................................................................................... 148 B. Private Mineral Rights on Federal Lands .................................................... 151 C. Wind Energy Development ......................................................................... 155 Issue Mix of Goods and Services ................................................................................ 158 A. Developed Recreation ................................................................................. 158 B. Dispersed Recreation................................................................................... 161 C. Land Ownership .......................................................................................... 165 D. Special Uses ................................................................................................ 167 E. Grazing ........................................................................................................ 167 Chapter 5. Additional Issues .................................................................................. 169 A. Drinking Water ........................................................................................... 169 B. Environmental Education ............................................................................ 173 C. Climate Change ........................................................................................... 173 References ............................................................................................................. 174 APPENDIX A – Supply and
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