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Universidade Estácio De Sá Carla Goes Lopes Anjo UNIVERSIDADE ESTÁCIO DE SÁ CARLA GOES LOPES ANJO ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA E JURÍDICO-SOCIAL DA REFORMA TRABALHISTA RIO DE JANEIRO 2019 UNIVERSIDADE ESTÁCIO DE SÁ CARLA GOES LOPES ANJO ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA E JURÍDICO-SOCIAL DA REFORMA TRABALHISTA Dissertação apresentada com requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Direito, pela Universidade Estácio de Sá. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Vinicius Figueiredo Chaves RIO DE JANEIRO 2019 AGRADECIMENTOS Ao meu orientador, Professor Doutor Vinicius Figueiredo Chaves pelo grande e incessante apoio, incentivo e confiança. Embora eu tenha iniciado meus passos na vida acadêmica em sala de aula, no exercício da docência, somente no Mestrado encontrei o amadurecimento necessário para entender a árdua missão da academia, portanto, me considero apenas no início da trajetória acadêmica, e meu orientador demonstrou grande respeito às minhas opções de pesquisa, auxiliando na escolha do tema, sem deixar de formular críticas construtivas sempre que necessário. Espero sinceramente, ter sido merecedora desta especial atenção, honrando- a e que possa sentir parte do orgulho que hoje tenho como sua orientanda e amiga. Amizade esta que se tornou mais sólida no curso da orientação, e, que acabou por reforçar meu desejo para que se mantenha para toda vida. Muito obrigada por tudo mestre, exemplo e amigo. Ao Professor Doutor Nilton Cesar da Silva Flores, que no início de tudo foi o meu maior incentivador e exemplo, a semente da amizade, também plantada no exercício da docência, tem sido uma constante força propulsora de meu aprimoramento, não tenho palavras para descrever toda minha admiração pelo ser humano que é, e toda a sabedoria que me soube transmitir com maestria. Muito obrigada por tudo mestre, exemplo e amigo. Ao Professor Doutor Leonardo da Silva Sant’Anna, que convidado para a minha banca de qualificação, apesar da exiguidade do tempo que lhe foi ofertado, aceitou prontamente e transformou aquele momento em uma oportunidade única de aprendizado. As considerações, todas relevantes para a melhora do trabalho, foram devidamente acatadas e incluídas ao texto. Muito obrigada. Aos Professores Doutores que no decorrer das disciplinas as quais tive o privilégio de cursar, ensinaram incontáveis lições, todas impactantes e reflexivas. Prometo não medir esforços para transmitir o principal aprendizado obtido no mestrado: a necessidade de busca permanente do conhecimento e do saber de transformação. Muito obrigada. Aos meus amigos Marcelo dos Santos Garcia Santana e Eraldo José Brandão, que muito me ajudaram na conclusão do trabalho, me acolheram e, incansáveis esclareceram todas as minhas dúvidas, compartilhando a imensa sabedoria que possuem sobre o desenvolvimento da árdua tarefa que é a pesquisa no direito. Meu Muito Obrigada. Aos colegas de turma do mestrado, com quem pude aprender e, sobretudo, compartilhar. Muito obrigado pelas muitas lições que me ensinaram. Ao incansável colaborador do PPGD, Willian da Silva Souza, por sua dedicação ao programa e disposição em auxiliar a todos nós, alunos, sempre que necessário. Muito obrigada por todos os e-mails trocados e por suportar todas as minhas inquietações. À Universidade Cândido Mendes, que muito contribuiu para a minha formação. À UNESA, à qual tenho o privilégio a honra e o prazer de ter integrado por longos 19 anos, período no qual pude promover e compartilhar, a formação e a ascensão de muitos alunos, forjando a profissional que hoje sou. Aos meus pais, a quem devo tudo, Alírio e Rosa, meu esposo Walter, minha tia Emília, meu irmão João Carlos, minha cunhada Karina e meus sobrinhos Mateus e Sofia, que suportaram minhas inúmeras ausências para a elaboração deste trabalho, a paciência e companheirismo foram inesgotáveis. Aos meus amigos do escritório, Cristina Pereira da Cunha, Guilherme Coutinho Ribeiro e Michele de Mesquita Campos, companheiros de luta, incansáveis e dotados de invejável compreensão, souberam contornar minhas aflições, inquietações e ausências. Muito Obrigada. LISTA DE SIGLAS E ABREVIATURAS CAGED - Cadastro Geral de Empregados e Desempregados CC – Código Civil CCP – Comissão de Conciliação Prévia CLT - Consolidação das Leis do Trabalho CPC – Código de Processo Civil GNV – Gás natural veicular IBGE - Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística IDH - Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano IMI - Imposto Municipal sobre Imóveis (Portugal) IPEA - Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada IPVA – Imposto sobre a propriedade de veículos automotores (Brasil) IRC - Imposto sobre o Rendimento de Pessoas Coletivas (Portugal) IRS - Imposto sobre o Rendimento de pessoas Singulares (Portugal) PEA - População Economicamente Ativa PIA - População em Idade Ativa PNAD - Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios PO - População Ocupada RICD - Regimento Interno da Câmara dos Deputados TRT – Tribunal Regional do Trabalho TST – Tribunal Superior do Trabalho LISTA DE FIGURAS FIGURA 1 - DIFERENÇA ENTRE ANÁLISE POSITIVA E ANÁLISE NORMATIVA. 51 FIGURA 2 - DIFERENÇA ENTRE MACROECONOMIA E MICROECONOMIA ....... 54 FIGURA 3 - REPRESENTAÇÃO GRÁFICA DO DILEMA DO PRISIONEIRO. ......... 68 FIGURA 4 - TABELA ELABORADA PELA PRÓPRIA PARA MELHOR VISUALIZAÇÃO E COMPARAÇÃO DOS ARTIGOS 611-A E 611-B, DA CLT, EM RELAÇÃO AO ARTIGO 7º DA CRFB/88. ........................................................ 100 FIGURA 5 - COMPARAÇÃO ENTRE TELETRABALHO E TRABALHO PRESENCIAL ......................................................................................................................... 114 FIGURA 6 - IPEA - CARTA DE CONJUNTURA Nº 43 - 2º TRIMESTRE DE 2019 - SEÇÃO I - ECONOMIA MUNDIAL ................................................................... 117 FIGURA 7 - IPEA - CARTA DE CONJUNTURA Nº 43 - 2º TRIMESTRE DE 2019 - SEÇÃO VIII - MERCADO DE TRABALHO ....................................................... 119 FIGURA 8 - IPEA - CARTA DE CONJUNTURA Nº 43 - 2º TRIMESTRE DE 2019 - SEÇÃO VIII - MERCADO DE TRABALHO ....................................................... 120 FIGURA 9 - IPEA - CARTA DE CONJUNTURA Nº 43 - 2º TRIMESTRE DE 2019 - SEÇÃO VIII - MERCADO DE TRABALHO ....................................................... 120 FIGURA 10 - IPEA - CARTA DE CONJUNTURA Nº 43 - 2º TRIMESTRE DE 2019 - SEÇÃO VIII - MERCADO DE TRABALHO ....................................................... 121 FIGURA 11 - IPEA - CARTA DE CONJUNTURA Nº 43 - 2º TRIMESTRE DE 2019 - SEÇÃO VIII - MERCADO DE TRABALHO ....................................................... 122 FIGURA 12 - IPEA - CARTA DE CONJUNTURA Nº 43 - 2º TRIMESTRE DE 2019 - SEÇÃO VIII - MERCADO DE TRABALHO ....................................................... 122 FIGURA 13 - IPEA - CARTA DE CONJUNTURA Nº 43 - 2º TRIMESTRE DE 2019 - SEÇÃO VIII - MERCADO DE TRABALHO ....................................................... 123 FIGURA 14 - IPEA - CARTA DE CONJUNTURA Nº 43 - 2º TRIMESTRE DE 2019 - SEÇÃO VIII - MERCADO DE TRABALHO ....................................................... 124 FIGURA 15 - IPEA - CARTA DE CONJUNTURA Nº 43 - 2º TRIMESTRE DE 2019 - SEÇÃO VIII - MERCADO DE TRABALHO ....................................................... 125 FIGURA 16 - IPEA - CARTA DE CONJUNTURA Nº 43 - 2º TRIMESTRE DE 2019 - SEÇÃO VIII - MERCADO DE TRABALHO ....................................................... 126 Figura 17 - Gráfico que retrata os Índices de Liberdade Econômica e o IDH 127 Sumário INTRODUÇÃO ..........................................................................................................12 CAPÍTULO 1 ............................................................................................................. 16 ENTENDENDO AS PRESSUPOSIÇÕES TEÓRICAS DE ALGUMAS ESCOLAS DO PENSAMENTO ECONÔMICO .................................................................................. 16 1.1 Economia Clássica ........................................................................................... 17 1.2 Economia Neoclássica ..................................................................................... 22 1.3 Economia Institucional ..................................................................................... 29 1.4 Economia Neoinstitucional ............................................................................... 34 CAPÍTULO 2 ............................................................................................................. 44 DIREITO E ECONOMIA ............................................................................................ 44 2.1 Princípios Econômicos Aplicáveis ao Direito.................................................... 55 2.1.1 Escassez ....................................................................................................... 57 2.1.2 Escolhas Racionais Limitadas ....................................................................... 59 2.1.3 Tradeoff ......................................................................................................... 61 2.1.4 Custo de Oportunidade ................................................................................. 62 2.1.5 Incentivos ...................................................................................................... 63 2.1.6 Eficiência ....................................................................................................... 65 2.1.7 Custos Sociais e Custos de Transação......................................................... 69 CAPÍTULO 3 ............................................................................................................. 74 ANÁLISE ECONÔMICA, JURÍDICA E SOCIAL
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