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Identités, Ressources Naturelles Et Conflits En RDC

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Identités, Ressources Naturelles Et Conflits En RDC Identités, ressources naturelles et conflits en RDC Collection « Géopolitique mondiale » Dirigée par Mwayila TSHIYEMBE L’objet de la collection « Géopolitique mondiale » est de susciter les publications dont la vocation est double : d’une part, donner un sens aux mutations provoquées par la mondialisation, étant donné la perte des repères du monde ancien et la nécessité d’inventer des repères du monde nouveau ; d’autre part, analyser la complexité des enjeux territoriaux, des rivalités d’intérêt et de stratégies qui pousse les acteurs à user de la force ou de la diplomatie, pour modifier ou tenter de modifier le rapport de force (ressources naturelles, humaines, culturelles), selon des idéologies qui les animent. A cette fin, la prospective et la pluridisciplinarité sont des approches privilégiées. Déjà parus Evelyne GARNIER-ZARLI (dir.), La licence scientifique dans l’espace francophone, Essai de référentiel de connaissances et de compétences, 2014. Mwayila TSHIYEMBE, Quel système politique pour la République démocratique du Congo : fédéralisme, régionalisme, décentralisation ?, 2012. Mathieu BOMETA KIRONGOZI, De Gaulle et Mobutu. Deux figures paradoxales en quête de stabilité politique, 2012. Ambroise BUKASSA, Le blocage des télécommunications au Congo-Zaïre, 2012. Edmond MOKUINEMA BOMFIE, Géopolitique de l’eau et gouvernance en province orientale/RDC, 2012. Pétillon MUYAMBI DHENA, Normes internationales impératives et droit d’ingérence humanitaire, 2012. Jean-Pierre LOTOY ILANGO-BANGA, Partenariats entre les multinationales et l’Etat, 2012. Mwayila TSHIYEMBE, Organisations internationales, Théorie générale et études de cas, 2012. Mwayila TSHIYEMBE, Régionalisme et problèmes d’intégration économique. Aléna, Mercosur, Union européenne, Union africaine, 2012. Évelyne GARNIER-ZARLI, Les risques de la fragmentation de la recherche scientifique sur les enjeux sociétaux, 2011. Théophile YUMA KALULU, Géopolitique de la violence des jeunes dans la ville de Kinsagani, 2011. Philémon MUAMBA MUMBUNDA, Géopolitique identitaire en RDC. Cas de l’identité kasaïenne, 2011. Mwayila TSHIEMBE, Stephan TUBENE, Migration, mondialisation, développement. L’exemple de la RDC, 2011. Sous la direction de Germain Ngoie Tshibambe Identités, ressources naturelles et conflits en RDC Défis méthodologiques et voies de sortie ? Préface de Mbuyi Kabunda Actes du colloque organisé par la faculté des sciences sociales, politiques et administratives de l’université de Lubumbashi du 15 au 16 avril 2013 © L’Harmattan, 2013 5-7, rue de l’Ecole-Polytechnique, 75005 Paris http://www.harmattan.fr [email protected] [email protected] ISBN : 978-2-343-01815-7 EAN : 9782343018157 SOMMAIRE PRESENTATION DES AUTEURS .............................................................................. 9 PREFACE MBUYI KABUNDA ..................................................................................................... 13 INTRODUCTION GERMAIN NGOIE TSHIBAMBE ................................................................................ 21 THEORIZING THE CONFLICTS IN EASTERN CONGO KENNETH OMEJE ....................................................................................................... 27 CONFLITS ARMES, IDENTITES ETHNIQUES, RESSOURCES NATURELLES EN RDC : APPROCHE STRATEGICO-POLEMOLOGIQUE ET VOIE DE SORTIE DE LA GUERRE MWAYILA TSHIYEMBE ............................................................................................ 45 NATIONALISME CONGOLAIS OU NATIONALISMES AU CONGO ? UNE REFLEXION AUTOUR DE L’UNITE DE LA RDC DONATIEN DIBWE DIA MWEMBU ......................................................................... 59 LES MECANISMES INTERNATIONAUX DU MAINTIEN DE LA PAIX ET DE LA SECURITE EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO DE 1960 À 2013. ANALYSE CRITIQUE DES ECHECS EXPONENTIELS KADONY NGUWAY KPALAINGU ........................................................................... 75 LA GEOPOLITIQUE DE L’EAU ET LA CONFLICTUALITE DANS LE BASSIN HYDROGRAPHIQUE DU CONGO GERMAIN NGOIE TSHIBAMBE ................................................................................ 89 LE CONFLIT EN RAPPORT AVEC L’EXPLOITATION DU CAOUTCHOUC DE L’EIC : ESSAI D’INTERPRETATION DES OPINIONS CESAR NKUKU NKONDE ........................................................................................ 105 LES DEFIS DE L’INTEGRATION REGIONALE DANS LES PAYS DES GRANDS LACS EN PERIODE POSTCONFLIT PAULIN NDABEREYE NZITA M’MUGAMBI ........................................................ 117 QUESTIONS MIGRATOIRES, INADEQUATION DES REPONSES PUBLIQUES ET CRISE DE NATIONALITE EN REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO : LE CAS DES BANYARWANDA KOKO SADIKI ............................................................................................................ 131 LE CHOIX D’APPARTENANCE AU CLAN OU A LA NATION ET LES RAPPORTS DE POUVOIR GILBERT MALEMBA N’SAKILA ............................................................................ 159 CONFLITS IDENTITAIRES ? CONFLITS AUTOUR DE RESSOURCES NATURELLES ? UNE INTERPRETATION SOCIOLOGIQUE DE L’ACCORD DE SUN CITY GABRIEL KALABA MUTABUSHA ......................................................................... 167 7 CONDITIONS DE GESTION DE L’ORDRE PUBLIC ET DE LA PAIX DANS LES KIVU : RELIER LA FORCE, LA JUSTICE ET LA POLITIQUE DE LA RESPONSABILITE ? EMMANUEL M. BANYWESIZE .............................................................................. 181 LES CONFLITS IDENTITAIRES AU KATANGA « CAS DES CONFLITS KATANGAIS-KATANGAIS ET KASAÏENS-KATANGAIS » DE 1960 A 1992 » JEAN-RAYMOND MUYUMBA MAILA .................................................................. 201 ANNEXES ............................................................................................................... 22917 Mot de circonstance prononcé par le Secrétaire Général Académique de l’Université de Lubumbashi, le Professeur NKIKO Munya Rugero, à l’occasion de l’ouverture du colloque .............................................................................................. 219 Mots d’ouverture de la Conférence internationale par le Doyen de la Faculté des Sciences sociales, politiques et administratives, le Professeur NGOIE Tshibambe Germain ...................................................................................................................... 221 Discours de clôture prononcé par le Doyen de la Faculté des Sciences sociales, politiques et administratives, le Professeur NGOIE Tshibambe Germain ........... 224 TABLE DES MATIERES ......................................................................................... 229 8 PRESENTATION DES AUTEURS César NKUKU KHONDE, Docteur en histoire, de l’Université de Lubumbashi, est professeur ordinaire à cette même université. Il est actuellement conseiller du Recteur chargé de la coopération internationale. Il s’intéresse à l’histoire de la population et gère plusieurs programmes de renforcement des capacités institutionnelles dans le secteur de l’enseignement universitaire entre l’Université de Lubumbashi et les universités belges francophones. Il dirige un programme de recherche sur les migrations dans les Grands Lacs Africains. Il est l’auteur de plusieurs articles et de livres scientifiques portant sur différentes questions liées à l’histoire de la population, de la vie urbaine, de la réforme de l’enseignement supérieur et universitaire en RDC et aux conflits dans l’histoire coloniale au Congo. Donatien DIBWE DIA MWEMBO, Docteur en Histoire, de l’Université Laval (Canada), spécialiste de l’histoire des populations, est professeur ordinaire à l’Université de Lubumbashi. Il enseigne l’histoire à l’École supérieure de la gouvernance économique et politique de Lubumbashi. Actuellement directeur du cabinet du Recteur de l’Université de Lubumbashi, il est membre correspondant de l’Académie Royale des Sciences d'outre-mer (en Belgique). Il est l’auteur de plusieurs articles et livres sur l’histoire sociale et culturelle, la vie des ouvriers dans l’espace minier du Katanga, les problèmes de mémoire et la réconciliation entre les communautés vivant au Katanga. Emmanuel M. BANYWESIZE, a étudié la philosophie à l’Université de Lubumbashi, avant de préparer et de soutenir une thèse de doctorat en Sciences sociales, sur l’œuvre majeure d’Edgar Morin, à l’Université Paris 5 Descartes (Sorbonne). Professeur d’épistémologie à l’Université de Lubumbashi et Directeur Général de l’École supérieure de la gouvernance économique et politique, il y enseigne la sociologie. Chercheur associé au Centre Edgar Morin (en France), il a publié des livres et des articles en Europe, en Afrique et en Amérique. Auteur de Le Complexe, contribution à l’avènement de l’organisation chez Edgar Morin (L’Harmattan, 2007), il a codirigé le livre intitulé Frontières et gouvernance sécuritaire pour le développement de la République démocratique du Congo (L’Harmattan, 2013). Il a participé au collectif édité par Sergiu Gherghina, Sergiu Mişcoiu et Sorina Soare, Contemporary Populism: A Controversial Concept and Its Diverse Forms (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013). Gabriel KALABA MUTABUSHA, Docteur en sociologie, professeur ordinaire à l’Université de Lubumbashi, enseigne au Département de Sociologie 9 et Anthropologie. Il est Directeur de l’Observatoire du changement urbain de l’Université de Lubumbashi. Il fait des recherches en sociologie politique, sociologie urbaine, dynamique sociale et culturelle. Il est auteur de plusieurs publications. Germain NGOIE TSHIBAMBE, Docteur en Relations internationales, professeur à l’Université de
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