Gregorian Chant Employs Additional Modes, but They Do Not Appear in This Collection
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TIME SIGNATURES, TEMPO, BEAT and GORDONIAN SYLLABLES EXPLAINED
TIME SIGNATURES, TEMPO, BEAT and GORDONIAN SYLLABLES EXPLAINED TIME SIGNATURES Time Signatures are represented by a fraction. The top number tells the performer how many beats in each measure. This number can be any number from 1 to infinity. However, time signatures, for us, will rarely have a top number larger than 7. The bottom number can only be the numbers 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64, 128, 256, 512, et c. These numbers represent the note values of a whole note, half note, quarter note, eighth note, sixteenth note, thirty- second note, sixty-fourth note, one hundred twenty-eighth note, two hundred fifty-sixth note, five hundred twelfth note, et c. However, time signatures, for us, will only have a bottom numbers 2, 4, 8, 16, and possibly 32. Examples of Time Signatures: TEMPO Tempo is the speed at which the beats happen. The tempo can remain steady from the first beat to the last beat of a piece of music or it can speed up or slow down within a section, a phrase, or a measure of music. Performers need to watch the conductor for any changes in the tempo. Tempo is the Italian word for “time.” Below are terms that refer to the tempo and metronome settings for each term. BPM is short for Beats Per Minute. This number is what one would set the metronome. Please note that these numbers are generalities and should never be considered as strict ranges. Time Signatures, music genres, instrumentations, and a host of other considerations may make a tempo of Grave a little faster or slower than as listed below. -
Theory of Music
MUSIC THEORY 1. Staffs, Clefs & Pitch notation Naming the Notes Musical notation describes the pitch (how high or low), temporal position (when to start) and duration (how long) of discrete elements, or sounds, we call notes . The notes are represented by graphical symbols, also called notes or note signs . In English-speaking countries, the pitch names given to a row of notes steadily rising in pitch are drawn from the the first seven letters of the Roman alphabet: A B C D E F G In the Netherlands, the letters A to G are also used, but otherwise the 'Dutch' system follows the 'German' system, so-called because it originated in Germany, which also uses H. Staff or Stave The note signs are placed on a grid formed of horizontal lines and spaces. This grid is called the staff or stave . The plural of either word is staves . Although, in the past, staves could have many different numbers of lines, today the most common staff format has five lines separated by four spaces and is know as the pentagram . When numbering the lines, it is a widely used convention to number them from the bottom ( 1) to the top ( 5) of each staff. The spaces between the lines are numbered too, again from the bottom ( 1) to the top ( 4). Redaction and Publishing Marzenna Donajski © Dolmetsch Music Theory and History Online by Dr. Brian Blood 1 Music is read from 'left' to 'right', in the same direction as you are reading this text. The higher the pitch of the note , the higher vertically the note will be placed on the staff . -
An Overview of Russia's Late Mediaeval Musical
Journal of the International Society for Orthodox Church Music Vol. 4 (1), Section II: Conference papers, pp. 183–197 ISSN 2342-1258 https://journal.fi/jisocm An Overview of Russia’s Late Mediaeval Musical Culture, and the “New Repertoires”: Demestvenny, Put and Strochnóe Singing and Notations Nikita Simmons [email protected] Part I. Znamenny Chant and Stolp Notation1 In the primary tradition of Znamenny singing, almost all chant books of the Russian liturgical tradition used Stolp (Znamenny) notation. The Slavonic word stolp (pillar) describes the eight-week cycle of the Octoechos, while the Slavonic term znamya means “mark”, “note”, or “neume”. Slavic Stolp notation (along with early chant repertoire) has been in use since the tenth century (having been derived from Coislin B Palaeobyzantine notation), and in its latest stage of development it is still used by Russian Old Ritualists up to the present time. Beyond the basic level of neume-by-neume notation, Stolp chanting includes three methods of presenting complex melodic features: popévki, litsá and fíty, each of which were traditionally memorized by singers. (Popévki, also called kokízy2, are established sequences of neumes which are the essential “building blocks” of Znamenny chants, while litsa and fity are more lengthy and complex melodic patterns.) These contextual groups of symbols are usually referred to as “múdrye stróki” (“wise lines” or short- hand), indicating the use of “tainozamknénnost” (“secret-closure” or encryption). Stolp chanting, like its Byzantine parent, is organized according to the system of eight Tones, and each Tone (Slavonic: glas) contains a repertoire of popevki, fity and 1 Among the ranks of musicologists who have contributed significantly to the recovery of Russia’s late medieval musical traditions, we are most indebted to М.В. -
SACRED MUSIC Volume 99, Number 1, Spring 1972 Cistercian Gradual (12Th Century, Paris, Bibl
SACRED MUSIC Volume 99, Number 1, Spring 1972 Cistercian Gradual (12th century, Paris, Bibl. Nat., ms . lat. 17,328) SACRED MUSIC Volume 99, Number 1 , Spring 1972 BERNSTEIN'S MASS 3 Herman Berlinski TU FELIX AUSTRIA 9 Reverend Robert Skeris MUSICAL SUPPLEMENT 13 REVIEWS 20 FROM THE EDITOR 25 NEWS 26 SACRED MUSIC Continuation of Caeci/ia, published by the Society of St. Caecilia since 1874, and The Catholic Choirmaster, published by the Society of St. Gregory of America since 1915. Published quarterly by the Church Music Association of America. Office of publication: 548 Lafond Avenue, Saint Paul, Minne sota 55103. Editorial office: Route 2, Box I, Irving, Texas 75062. Editorial Board Rev. Ralph S. March, S.O.Cist., Editor Mother C. A. Carroll, R.S.C.J. Rev. Lawrence Heiman, C.PP.S. J. Vincent Higginson Rev. Peter D. Nugent Rev. Elmer F. Pfeil Rev. Msgr. Richard J. Schuler Frank D. Szynskie Editorial correspondence: Rev. Ralph S. March, S.O.Cist., Route 2, Box I, Irving, Texas 75062 News: Rev. Msgr. Richard J. Schuler, 548 Lafond Avenue, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55103 Music for Review: Mother C. A. Carroll, R.S.C.J., Manhattanville College of the Sacred Heart, Purchase, New York 10577 Rev. Elmer F. Pfeil 3257 South Lake Drive Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53207 Membership and Circulation: Frank D. Szynskie, Boys Town, Nebraska 68010 AdvertisinR: Rev. Ralph S. March, S.O.Cist. CHURCH MUSIC ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA Officers and Board of Directors President Dr. Roger Wagner Vice-president Noel Goemanne General Secretary Rev. Robert A. Skeris Treasurer Frank D. Szynskie Directors Robert I. -
Development and Trial of Techniques for Teaching Contemporary Music To
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 053 154 24 TE 499 821 AUTHOR Farish, Margaret K. TITLE Development and Trial of Techniques for Teaching Contemporary Music to. Young String Students. Final Report. INSTITUTION Illinois Univ., Urbana., SPONS AGENCY Office of Education (DREW), Washington, D.C. Bureau of Research. BUREAU NO BR-9-E-082 PUB DATE Sep 70 GRANT OEG-5-9-235082-0057 NOTE 98p. EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29 DESCRIPTORS *Musical Composition, *Music Education, Teacher Attitudes, *Teaching Techniques, *Youth ABSTRACT This is the second of two related studies designed to encourage the composition and use of contemporary music for young string players. Expanded techniques to intensify rhythmic training and introduce ensemble skills were effective. Second and third year students learned to play the pieces well and profited from the experience. Although 20th century composers and children are highly compatible, teachers often resist their responsibility to act as the essential intermediary link. The most serious obstacle appears to be reluctance to spend sufficient time on preparation to meet new musical demands. For related document see ED 025 850. (Author/CK) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECES SARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU CATION POSITION OR POLICY FINAL REPORT Project No. 9-E-082 Grant No. OEG 5-9-235082-0057 r-4 fir\ LCN c 1.1.1 DEVELOPMENT AND TRIAL OF TECHNIQUES FOR TEACHING CONTEMPORARY MUSIC TO YOUNG STRING STUDENTS Margaret K. -
From Neumes to Notation: a Thousand Years of Passing on the Music by Charric Van Der Vliet
From Neumes to Notation: A Thousand Years of Passing On the Music by Charric Van der Vliet Classical musicians, in the terminology of the 17th and 18th century musical historians, like to sneer at earlier music as "primitive", "rough", or "uncouth". The fact of the matter is that during the thousand years from 450 AD to about 1450 AD, Western Civilization went from no recording of music at all to a fully formed method of passing on the most intricate polyphony. That is no small achievement. It's attractive, I suppose, to assume the unthinking and barbaric nature of our ancestors, since it implies a certain smugness about "how far we've come." I've always thought that painting your ancestors as stupid was insulting both to them and to yourself. The barest outline of a thousand year journey only hints at the difficulties our medieval ancestors had to face to be musical. This is an attempt at sketching that outline. Each of the sub-headings of this lecture contains material for lifetimes of musical study. It is hoped that outlining this territory may help shape where your own interests will ultimately lie. Neumes: In the beginning, choristers needed reminders as to which way notes went. "That fifth note goes DOWN, George!" This situation was remedied by noting when the movement happened and what direction, above the text, with wavy lines. "Neume" was the adopted term for this. It's a Middle English corruption of the Greek word for breath, "pneuma." Then, to specify note's exact pitch was the next innovation. -
Four Twentieth-Century Mass Ordinary Settings Surveyed Using the Dictates of the Motu Proprio of 1903 As a Stylistic Guide
The University of Southern Mississippi The Aquila Digital Community Dissertations Summer 8-2008 Four Twentieth-Century Mass Ordinary Settings Surveyed Using the Dictates of the Motu Proprio of 1903 as a Stylistic Guide Jonathan Candler Kilgore University of Southern Mississippi Follow this and additional works at: https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations Part of the Catholic Studies Commons, Composition Commons, Liturgy and Worship Commons, and the Other Music Commons Recommended Citation Kilgore, Jonathan Candler, "Four Twentieth-Century Mass Ordinary Settings Surveyed Using the Dictates of the Motu Proprio of 1903 as a Stylistic Guide" (2008). Dissertations. 1129. https://aquila.usm.edu/dissertations/1129 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by The Aquila Digital Community. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations by an authorized administrator of The Aquila Digital Community. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The University of Southern Mississippi FOUR TWENTIETH-CENTURY MASS ORDINARY SETTINGS SURVEYED USING THE DICTATES OF THE MOTU PROPRIO OF 1903 AS A STYLISTIC GUIDE by Jonathan Candler Kilgore A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Studies Office of The University of Southern Mississippi in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Musical Arts August 2008 COPYRIGHT BY JONATHAN CANDLER KILGORE 2008 The University of Southern Mississippi FOUR TWENTIETH-CENTURY MASS ORDINARY SETTINGS SURVEYED USING THE DICTATES OF THE MOTU PROPRIO OF 1903 AS A STYLISTIC -
Plainchant Tradition*
Some Observations on the "Germanic" Plainchant Tradition* By Alexander Blachly Anyone examining the various notational systems according to which medieval scribes committed the plainchant repertory to written form must be impressed both by the obvious relatedness of the systems and by their differences. There are three main categories: the neumatic notations from the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries (written without a staff and incapable, therefore, of indicating precise pitches);1 the quadratic nota tion in use in Italy, Spain, France, and England-the "Romanic" lands from the twelfth century on (this is the "traditional" plainchant notation, written usually on a four-line staff and found also in most twentieth century printed books, e.g., Liber usualis, Antiphonale monasticum, Graduale Romanum); and the several types of Germanic notation that use a staff but retain many of the features of their neumatic ancestors. The second and third categories descended from the first. The staffless neumatic notations that transmit the Gregorian repertory in ninth-, tenth-, and eleventh-century sources, though unlike one another in some important respects, have long been recognized as transmitting the same corpus of melodies. Indeed, the high degree of concordance between manuscripts that are widely separated by time and place is one of the most remarkable aspects the plainchant tradition. As the oldest method of notating chant we know,2 neumatic notation compels detailed study; and the degree to which the neumatic manuscripts agree not only • I would like to thank Kenneth Levy, Alejandro Plan chart, and Norman Smith for reading this article prior to publication and for making useful suggestions for its improve ment. -
Maurice Duruflé Requiem Joseph Jongen Mass
Joseph Jongen Mass Maurice Duruflé Requiem San Francisco Lyric Chorus Robert Gurney, Music Director Jonathan Dimmock, Organ Saturday, August 23 & Sunday, August 24, 2014 Mission Dolores Basilica San Francisco, California San Francisco Lyric Chorus Robert Gurney, Music Director Board of Directors Helene Whitson, President Julia Bergman, Director Karen Stella, Secretary Jim Bishop, Director Bill Whitson, Treasurer Nora Klebow, Director Welcome to the Summer 2014 Concert of the San Francisco Lyric Chorus. Since its formation in 1995, the Chorus has offered diverse and innovative music to the community through a gathering of singers who believe in a commonality of spirit and sharing. The début concert featured music by Gabriel Fauré and Louis Vierne. The Chorus has been involved in several premieres, including Bay Area composer Brad Osness’ Lamentations, Ohio composer Robert Witt’s Four Motets to the Blessed Virgin Mary (West Coast premiere), New York composer William Hawley’s The Snow That Never Drifts (San Francisco premiere), San Francisco composer Kirke Mechem’s Christmas the Morn, Blessed Are They, To Music (San Francisco premieres), and selections from his operas, John Brown and The Newport Rivals, our 10th Anniversary Commission work, the World Premiere of Illinois composer Lee R. Kesselman’s This Grand Show Is Eternal, Robert Train Adams’ It Will Be Summer—Eventually and Music Expresses (West Coast premieres), as well as the Fall 2009 World Premiere of Dr. Adams’ Christmas Fantasy. Please sign our mailing list, located in the foyer. The San Francisco Lyric Chorus is a member of Chorus America. We are recording this concert for archival purposes Please turn off all cell phones, pagers, and other electronic devices before the concert Please, no photography or audio/video taping during the performance Please, no children under 5 Please help us to maintain a distraction-free environment. -
Relative Tempo MUSIC KEY Click-Shifting Exercises To
JAZZ DRUMMER’S WORKSHOP Relative Tempo MUSIC KEY Click-Shifting Exercises to Improve Your Sense of Time MAGAZINES • MULTI-MEDIA • ONLINE • EVENTS by Steve Fidyk ind instrumentalists work on relative pitch by listening Wto intervals (the distance between two notes) over and over again, in an effort to develop the ability to play with good intonation. In my college wind ensemble, when the When you insert this 11/8 measure, the click track position intonation within the group was not very good, the conduc- shifts to the second 8th note within the triplet grouping. tor would say, “Pitch is a place, not an area.” This adage holds true when discussing the tempo for a piece of music. In order for the music to groove, the rhythms need to be consis- tent and flowing, and the more you practice with a metronome, the easier it will be for you to identify the ideal tempo for the ensemble. Take, for example, a big band chart. If the tempo of the drum part is marked at 138 bpm and you count in the band at 80 bpm, it will be very difficult for the lead trumpet player to sustain the notes and perform the phrases correctly. A drummer with a good sense of tempo can count in an When you insert the 11/8 measure a second time, the click ensemble and be within four beats per minute of the sug- shifts to the third part of the triplet. gested speed. In addition to practicing with a metronome to develop tempo, you can also relate tempo markings to the pace of a song you’re very familiar with. -
Guitar Pro 7 User Guide 1/ Introduction 2/ Getting Started
Guitar Pro 7 User Guide 1/ Introduction 2/ Getting started 2/1/ Installation 2/2/ Overview 2/3/ New features 2/4/ Understanding notation 2/5/ Technical support 3/ Use Guitar Pro 7 3/A/1/ Writing a score 3/A/2/ Tracks in Guitar Pro 7 3/A/3/ Bars in Guitar Pro 7 3/A/4/ Adding notes to your score. 3/A/5/ Insert invents 3/A/6/ Adding symbols 3/A/7/ Add lyrics 3/A/8/ Adding sections 3/A/9/ Cut, copy and paste options 3/A/10/ Using wizards 3/A/11/ Guitar Pro 7 Stylesheet 3/A/12/ Drums and percussions 3/B/ Work with a score 3/B/1/ Finding Guitar Pro files 3/B/2/ Navigating around the score 3/B/3/ Display settings. 3/B/4/ Audio settings 3/B/5/ Playback options 3/B/6/ Printing 3/B/7/ Files and tabs import 4/ Tools 4/1/ Chord diagrams 4/2/ Scales 4/3/ Virtual instruments 4/4/ Polyphonic tuner 4/5/ Metronome 4/6/ MIDI capture 4/7/ Line In 4/8 File protection 5/ mySongBook 1/ Introduction Welcome! You just purchased Guitar Pro 7, congratulations and welcome to the Guitar Pro family! Guitar Pro is back with its best version yet. Faster, stronger and modernised, Guitar Pro 7 offers you many new features. Whether you are a longtime Guitar Pro user or a new user you will find all the necessary information in this user guide to make the best out of Guitar Pro 7. 2/ Getting started 2/1/ Installation 2/1/1 MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS macOS X 10.10 / Windows 7 (32 or 64-Bit) Dual-core CPU with 4 GB RAM 2 GB of free HD space 960x720 display OS-compatible audio hardware DVD-ROM drive or internet connection required to download the software 2/1/2/ Installation on Windows Installation from the Guitar Pro website: You can easily download Guitar Pro 7 from our website via this link: https://www.guitar-pro.com/en/index.php?pg=download Once the trial version downloaded, upgrade it to the full version by entering your licence number into your activation window. -
T>HE JOURNAL MUSIC ACADEMY
T>HE JOURNAL OF Y < r f . MUSIC ACADEMY MADRAS A QUARTERLY IrGHTED TO THE ADVANCEMENT OF THE SCIENCE ' AND ART OF MUSIC XXXVIII 1967 Part.' I-IV ir w > \ dwell not in Vaikuntha, nor in the hearts of Yogins, ^n- the Sun; (but) where my Bhaktas sing, there L ^ Narada ! ” ) EDITED BY v. RAGHAVAN, M.A., p h .d . 1967 PUBLISHED BY 1US1C ACADEMY, MADRAS a to to 115-E, MOWBRAY’S ROAD, MADRAS-14 bscription—Inland Rs. 4. Foreign 8 sh. X \ \ !• ADVERTISEMENT CHARGES \ COVER PAGES: Full Page Half Page i BaCk (outside) Rs. 25 Rs. 13 Front (inside) 99 20 .. 11. BaCk (Do.) 30 *# ” J6 INSIDE PAGES: i 1st page (after Cover) 99 18 io Other pages (eaCh) 99 15 .. 9 PreferenCe will be given (o advertisers of musiCal ® instruments and books and other artistic wares. V Special positions and speCial rates on appliCation. t NOTICE All correspondence should be addressed to Dr. V. Ragb Editor, Journal of the MusiC ACademy, Madras-14. Articles on subjects of musiC and dance are accepte publication on the understanding that they are Contributed to the Journal of the MusiC ACademy. f. AIT manuscripts should be legibly written or preferabl; written (double spaced—on one side of the paper only) and be sigoed by the writer (giving his address in full). I The Editor of the Journal is not responsible for tb expressed by individual contributors. AH books, advertisement moneys and cheques du> intended for the Journal should be sent to Dr. V, B Editor. CONTENTS Page T XLth Madras MusiC Conference, 1966 OffiCial Report ..