Annual Review 07•08

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ANNUAL REVIEW 07•08

ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY ACADAMH RÍOGA NA H ÉIREANN ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY ACADAMH RÍOGA NA HÉIREANN

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T: +353 1 676 2570 F: +353 1 676 2346 www.ria.ie

A GRAND TOUR by Paul Muldoon

for Seamus Heaney, on his receiving the Cunningham Medal of the Royal Irish Academy, 28 January 2008

The first Earl of Charlemont would have taken in, or been taken in by, an Egypt that promised nothing of Canaan, a Turkey where they’d chipped and chopped

gold from the roofs of Constantinople, his gentlemanly giro about Turin. For though he viewed Ireland’s claim as undeniable he could hardly have foreseen such a turn

of events as your instructing us not to privilege the School of Athens over the Academies of whin-fen and bog-furze

or Ovid’s Medusa over a flax-dam’s floatage but to entertain Rathsharkin as Rome, Toome as Tomis, the Bann itself as the Bosphorus.

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CONTENTS

Key Achievements 2007–08 2 President’s Report 4 Strategic Directions 2007–2012 6 New Members—Sciences 7 New Members—Humanities & Social Sciences 10 New Honorary Members 13 Distinctions Conferred on Members 14 Bereavements 15 Northern Approaches by Seamus Heaney 16 A Transforming Presidency (2005–08) 22 Medals and Awards 24 Academy Committees 25 Policy 28 A Year in View 30

Research Projects

Art and Architecture of Ireland (AAI) 34 Dictionary of Irish Biography (DIB) 36 Dictionary of Medieval Latin from Celtic Sources (DMLCS) 37 Digital Humanities Observatory (DHO) 38 Documents on Irish Foreign Policy (DIFP) 40 Foclóir na Nua-Ghaeilge (FNG) 42 Irish Historic Towns Atlas (IHTA) 43 New Survey of Clare Island (NSCI) 45 Origins of the Irish Constitution (OIC) 46

Library Report 47 Publications 49

Appendices

I Members 51 II Council & Executive Committee 53 III Academy Committees 53 IV Academy Staff 59 V Summary of Accounts 60

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KEY ACHIEVEMENTS 2007–08

Policy International peer-review process for the 2008 Irish Research Council for Science, Engineering and Tech- A Discussion Forum on Irish nology (IRCSET) postdoctoral fellowship scheme Science Origins of the Irish Constitution (OIC) Sixth Scientific Statement: Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity Public Outreach

‘Conflict Resolution: The Case of Kosovo’, Martti Strategic Directions 2007–2012 Ahtisaari (public lecture sponsored by DEPFA BANK)

Submission on Bonus Points for ‘Cultural Diversity and Human Solidarity’, Professor Maths Patrick Masterson, MRIA, former president of the European University (Academy Discourse) New Projects/Initiatives Culture Night, Dublin (2007) Academy Digital Resources (ADR) ‘From the Holy Mountain: The Demise of Eastern Chris- Art and Architecture of Ireland (AAI) tianity’, Dr William Dalrymple (Academy Discourse)

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‘Half Gone: Peak Oil Meets Climate Change’, Publications Dr Jeremy Leggett (Academy Times public lecture sponsored by DEPFA BANK and the and Broadcasting Irish Times) 1916 in 1966: Commemorating the Easter Rising edited by Mary E. Daly and Margaret ‘Irish Landscape and Locality and their Con- O’Callaghan nections to Literature and Lyrics’, Professor Rolf Loeber, Hon MRIA, University of Pitts- Archive of Celtic Latin Literature on CD and burgh (Academy Discourse) online

‘Languages in the Global Age: Opportunities Articulations: Poetry, Philosophy and the and Threats’, Professor Richard Johnstone, Shaping of Culture by Seamus Heaney, Emeritus Professor of Education, University MRIA, with contributions from Patrick of Stirling (Academy Discourse) Masterson, MRIA, and Paul Muldoon

Open House, Dublin (2007), with the Irish Irish Agriculture: A Price History by Liam Architecture Foundation Kennedy and Peter M. Solar

‘Russia’s Global Perspective—Defining a New Irish Historic Towns Atlas no. 18, Armagh; Relationship with Europe and America’ New Ross c.1200 to c.1900 pocket map (International Affairs conference sponsored by DEPFA BANK and Wermuth Asset Man- Judging Dev by Diarmaid Ferriter won three agement) Irish Book Awards (2008)

‘The Discovery of the Gospel of Judas: Secret New Survey of Clare Island Volume 6: The Wisdom, Gnosticism and Early Christianity’, Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae edited by Professor Stephen Emmel (Academy M.D. Guiry, D.M. John, F. Rindi and T.K. Discourse) McCarthy

‘The Universe is a Strange Place’, Hamilton The Extraordinary Adventures of Foundling Lecture 2007, delivered by Nobel laureate Mick by Jules Verne Professor Frank Wilczek, sponsored by DEPFA BANK The Irish Mind (aka The Importance of Being Irish)—four-part television series in associa- ‘Where will Ireland get its Energy?’ (Geo - tion with the IDA sciences conference)

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PRESIDENT’S REPORT

A University for the Universities

ll seemed right with the world on 15 March to encourage and support fundamental research in the 2008 when I was elected in succession to Jim sciences and humanities. Then, as I met successively with Slevin as President of the Royal Irish the leaders of the Academy’s current research projects and AAcademy. It was then apparent that the with members of the Science and the Polite Literature and Academy was sustaining a vigorous and wide-ranging set Antiquities Committees, I found that they too shared the of activities and moving in new directions. It was already belief that the Academy had a special role to play in recruiting staff for the Digital Humanities Observatory advancing knowledge at home and internationally. Sub- (funded by the Programme for Research in Third-Level sequently, during my early weeks in office, I became Institutions), which will provide vital infrastructural better acquainted with the dedicated and skilful Academy support for the all-island research collaboration Human- staff, who are anxious to assist Members and researchers ities Serving Irish Society. The Academy was in commu- in achieving their goals. At the Academy’s annual June nication with the Naughton Foundation; the Department meeting with the senior management of the Higher of Arts, Sport and Tourism; and Yale University Press, Education Authority, I was gratified that they too were who since then, and in association with a fourth party, convinced that the Academy’s performance justified the have collectively agreed to fund Art and Architecture of support it was receiving from the national exchequer. Ireland as a new Academy research project. And, as his parting gift, Jim Slevin bequeathed to me the Academy’s More recently, all apparent certainties have been cast in second strategic plan, Strategic Directions 2007–2012, doubt by what may prove to be the world’s most calami- which had been prepared during his presidency. As a tous economic downturn since the 1920s. This means that member of the outgoing Council, I was also aware of the now, more than ever, it is necessary, in the context of our readiness with which elected Officers, members of second strategic plan, to redefine a niche role for the Council and national committees, and many other Academy within the Irish educational system so that it will Academy Members contributed generously of their time continue to attract state funding in an atmosphere of

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necessarily closer scrutiny and tighter budgetary controls. transform Irish universities from being primarily under- If the Academy is to continue to be taken seriously, our graduate teaching institutions, where some excellent first priority must be to ensure that each of our existing research has always been done, to becoming (collectively research projects not only identifies realistic milestones or individually) research universities on a par with the but achieves them. We best in the world. And, as must be aware that the if this were not sufficient, failure by any one project aca demics are to have to meet its targets may a con tinued responsibility threaten the credibility of for undergraduate teach - the entire Academy. Our ing that is, henceforth, to second priority will be to be measured by a quality demonstrate, more vigor- inspectorate, as well as by ously than heretofore, how traditional peer review by the Academy is uniquely external examiners. placed for fostering discussion on research and edu - This agenda, to which all cational issues of concern university heads subscribe, in both Northern Ireland is clearly enervating, but I and the Republic and for do not think that sufficient proposing sol utions to consideration has been those concerns that might given to the feasibility of win favour from the two this great leap forward, governments. And, as I see either in its totality or in its it, our third priority should detail. Furthermore, I be- be to become, as it were, a lieve that discussion is even university for the universi- more urgently required be- ties, whereby the Academy cause the resources targ - would invite debate of the NICHOLAS CANNY eted to effect the reform fundamental ethical and and transformation of our practical issues, and especially those relating to research universities are certain to be challenged in an uncertain and scholarship, that academics no longer have the oppor- economic environment. The Academy seems to be partic- tunity to resolve in the routine of their working lives. ularly suited as a venue for such a debate, both because of its international contacts and associations and because it is I am emboldened to suggest this role for the Academy free of the inter-institutional rivalries that have become because, having (through accident rather than design) exacerbated as the transformation drive has proceeded, served recently as Vice-President for Research at one of particularly in the research realm. Thus, in seeking to our universities, I am keenly aware of the maelstrom of redefine the role of the Academy in this period of economic business that confronts academics to the point where they uncertainty, I would suggest it should become the forum no longer have time to consider where they are being led. for a continuing debate on the place of the university in All academics in Ireland, from the highest to lowest, are society and on the responsibility of the university towards being challenged by dramatic management and structural the society that is its ultimate paymaster. reorganisations, proposed in the interest of greater efficiency and more-equitable resource distribution; they are being measured by stricter, and more-quantifiable, criteria before they can achieve career advancement; and they are Professor Nicholas Canny engaged with the effort, required by the government’s President Strategy for Science, Technology and Innovation, to September 2008

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STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS 2007–2012

n 2007 the Academy published its second strategic provide a unifying vision and agenda to inform the plan, Strategic Directions 2007–2012. The plan aims Academy’s engagement with academia, government and to ensure that the Academy continues to play a wider society and to guide the development of its central role in promoting, supporting and cele- activities and services; I support the Academy’s continued pursuit of the brating excellence in scholarship and research in the sciences, humanities and social sciences. It identifies four strategic agenda expressed in the 2002 strategy; build upon the achievements of the 2002 strategy. key strategic directions that will guide the development of the Academy’s services and activities in the next five years: Looking to the future, the Academy will continue to (i) building public engagement engage and work with its Members, the academic and (ii) broadening participation and representation research community, governmental and public policy- (iii) serving society makers, the media, business and the wider public on an (iv) enhancing Academy governance structures all-island basis. The Academy will ensure that it continues to have a unifying vision of itself; of how it can support In the period to 2012 the Academy’s primary focus will and promote excellence in scholarship and research; of be the continued development of its core mission, namely, what distinguishes it from other organisations; and of how promoting and supporting excellence in scholarship and its activities and objectives support the public good. research. The Academy will enhance the services and activities it offers and continue to develop its institutional Strategic Directions 2007–2012 is available online at capacity. The four strategic directions are designed to http://www.ria.ie/about/reports.html

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NEW MEMBERS

Sciences

CHRISTOPHER DAINTY is Professor of Applied ROBERT ELWOOD grew up in London before com- Physics at NUI, Galway. He held academic posts at pleting a first-class BSc in Zoology and a PhD at Reading Queen Elizabeth College, London; The University of University. In 1975 he joined the Department of Zoology Rochester, New York; and Im- at Queen’s University Belfast. perial College, London, before His research concerns animal moving to Galway in 2002. His behaviour and evolutionary biol- research has involved optical ogy, on which he has published propagation, scattering and im - over 130 refereed journal papers. ag ing, and he currently focuses Professor Elwood’s clear-sighted on applications of adaptive and balanced approach has been optics, particularly in vision invaluable in many fields of science. Professor Dainty has research. His principal interest is been internationally recognised parental behaviour, and he is with several awards and prizes, including the CEK Mees making important advances in the control of paternal Medal of the Optical Society of America (OSA) in 2003. care in animals. He has also delivered key insights into He is acknowledged as a leader in the field of optics by information gathering during social interactions of his election to fellowship of both of the major US optical certain species, and his recent work includes high-profile societies, by his Council membership of the UK Institute issues in conservation biology and animal welfare. of Physics and by his elections as Vice-President of the Professor Elwood is a very well-known and internation- OSA and as President of the International Commission ally respected scientist who has made major contributions for Optics and of the European Optical Society. Professor to our current knowledge of animal behaviour. Dainty is a world leader in imaging science, with an excellent record of innovative research.

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FRANK GANNON is Director General of materials, forming the first research group in Science Foundation Ireland. Professor Gannon Ireland to use pulsed-laser deposition to make is a graduate of NUI, Galway, and he obtained thin films. His current research interests are his PhD in 1973 at the University of Leicester. high-power laser–matter interactions and He was a postdoctoral fellow at the University plasma physics, with particular emphasis on of Wisconsin, Madison, from 1973 to 1975 pulsed-laser evaporation and deposition of and Head of Research at the French National solid materials for research. He is also ex - Institute for Health and Medical Research, ploring new applications for conical refraction, based at the University of Strasbourg, from a curious optical effect first discovered in 1975 to 1981. He then moved to NUI, Dublin in 1832 by Sir William Rowan Galway, and became Associate Professor in the Hamilton, MRIA. Professor Lunney has de- Department of Microbiology and Director of veloped a national and international reputation the National Diagnostics Centre. Prior to as an innovative and original physicist. taking up his current appointment, he held positions as Executive Director of the MICHAEL MCGLINCHEY was born and European Molecular Biology Organisation, as educated in Manchester. He spent most of his Secretary General of the European Molecular professional life at McMaster University in Biology Council and as Senior Scientist at the Canada, where he was Chairman of the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Department of Chemistry. His distinguished Heidelberg, Germany. Professor Gannon has contributions to inorganic chemistry were authored, co-authored and edited more than recognised in 2000 with the Canadian Society 100 papers in international refereed journals, of Chemistry Alcan Award, the top award for including several in Nature and Cell, two of his field in Canada. In 2002 he was appointed the most prestigious journals in the biological to the Chair of Inorganic Chemistry at Univer- sciences. sity College Dublin. He has found imaginative ways of exploiting metal-evaporation tech- MARY KELLY is Director General of the niques in novel syntheses of mixed-metal Environmental Protection Agency, an inde- clusters and has pioneered the incorporation of pendent public body established under the organometallic residues into biologically active Environmental Protection Agency Act, 1992. molecules. Professor McGlinchey has pub - Dr Kelly holds a PhD in organic chemistry lished over 230 papers on organometallic from Trinity College Dublin, as well as an chemistry and has supervised more than 30 MBA from Dublin City University. She spent PhD students. a total of ten years conducting research at Trinity and then worked in the private sector. HELENE MCNULTY completed her BSc In 1995 she moved to IBEC, the business and and PhD in Human Nutrition in Trinity employers’ group, where she spent seven years College Dublin. After a year and a half in the and established the IBEC environment unit. food industry, she returned to academia in She started her current position in May 2002. 1992 as a lecturer at the University of Ulster, Coleraine, and she was awarded a personal JAMES LUNNEY is Associate Professor of chair there in 2001. As Principal Investigator Physics, Head of School of Physics and Fellow of a large graduate and postgraduate group, of Trinity College Dublin. Born in Co. she has investigated the effects of suboptimal Fermanagh, he obtained his university nutrition on a wide range of subjects, from education at Queen’s University Belfast. In birth defects to cardiovascular disease and 1986 he established a new programme of cancer. Recently, her group’s work has research in Trinity on the laser-processing of embraced the new challenges of how

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common genetic variations in the apparently DENIS O’SULLIVAN is Emeritus Professor normal population influence disease risk. at the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies Professor McNulty has made a huge impact and a pioneer of space science. Since 1969 he in the field of human nutrition through her has had sixteen experiments completed on ability to conceive, conduct and complete US, Russian and European spacecraft, well-designed investigations with nutritional including three Apollo missions to the moon, intervention in human subjects. where some of the first investigations of galactic cosmic radiation outside of the KINGSTON MILLS is Professor of Experi- Earth’s magnetosphere were carried out mental Immunology in the School of under his direction. This work was followed Bio chemistry and Immunology at Trinity by experiments in the orbits of Earth and College Dublin. He obtained his BA in Bio- Mars; in cometary environments, including chemistry and PhD in Immunology at Halley’s Comet; on several space shuttles; and Trinity. Professor Mills is an outstanding on the International Space Station. Professor immunologist with an international reputa- O’Sullivan is the only Irish scientist with tion in the area of T-lymphocyte biology and regular access to these advanced facilities. immunomodulation. He joined the Trinity staff in 2000 and has played a pivotal role in PATRICK PRENDERGAST is currently the development of immunology studies at Professor of Bioengineering and Director of the college. He has won numerous awards the Centre for Bioengineering in Trinity for his research, notably the Royal Irish College Dublin. A past president of the Academy Medal for Biochemistry, the Irish European Society for Biomechanics, he is Society of Immunology Medal and the known worldwide for his research in bio- Graves Medal. Professor Mills is recognised mechanics. His research is focused on the as a thoughtful and innovative scientist who design and testing of medical devices, partic- continues to make major contributions to the ularly on the simulation of the performance study of infectious diseases and vaccines. of orthopaedic and cardiovascular implants. His development of innovative analysis tech- MARK O’MALLEY is Professor of Electrical niques in mechano-biology, implant design Engineering at University College Dublin. He and medical-device testing has placed his is also a founder and director of the Electricity research group at the forefront of an Research Centre, a collaborative, industry- extremely dynamic and competitive field, supported, interdisciplinary research centre. where the behaviour of biological tissues in Professor O’Malley has established an inter- response to their mechanical environment is national reputation in two fields: biomedical investigated. engineering and electrical-power systems. He has made outstanding contributions in bio- WILLIAM SPILLANE is a graduate of Uni- medical engineering and particularly to our versity College Cork and NUI, Galway. Orig- knowledge of how the human neuromuscular inally from Cork City, he has been a Professor system works. This has had a significant of Chemistry in Galway since 1988. His impact on the rehabilitation of children with research interests are quite diverse, and he has cerebral palsy. He has also made seminal con- published more than 100 papers and reviews tributions to the study of the dynamic, opera- on mechanistic organic chemistry, non- tional and economic impacts of high nutritive sweeteners and both synthetic pene trations of renewable energy on electricity organic chemistry and photochemistry. He grids, and he is recognised as a leader in has made an outstanding contribution to research on the integration of wind power. physical organic chemistry, in particular to the

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understanding of quantitative structure–activity relation- member of the editorial board for the Academy’s New ships among sweeteners, which has helped in the establish- History of Ireland, she edited the final, seventh volume in ment of sodium and calcium cyclamates as safe, the series, covering the period 1921–84, which is good-quality sweetening agents by the European Union. described by many as an exemplary act of Professor Spillane is recognised as a world scholarship. She is currently working on the authority in his field and has made a number history of early Orangeism, particularly the of ground-breaking discoveries. fascinating figure of John Giffard, and she is also Principal Investigator for Irish History Online, an invaluable resource for scholars.

Humanities & ATTRACTA INGRAM is Associate Professor of Political Theory and Head of the Social Sciences School of Politics and International Relations at University College Dublin. A leading DAVID HAYTON has been Head of the authority on the philosophy of human rights, School of History and Anthropology at justice and pluralism, and the conflicts of Queen’s University Belfast since 2005. He cosmopolitanism and nationality, she is the obtained his primary degree from the Uni- author of A Political Theory of Rights versity of Manchester and his PhD (1975) (Oxford: Clarendon Press), which broke new from Oxford University, and he worked for ground in the conception of rights and the History of Parliament Trust from 1975 remains a standard point of reference. Her to 1994. At Queen’s since 1994, he has been influence in these areas extends beyond the Professor of Early Modern Irish and British English-speaking world to China and con - History since 2002. He is the author of tinental Europe. Professor Ingram com bines numerous articles, essays, introductions and political theory and analysis with a deep monographs, some of which were brought knowledge of what is feasible and desirable together under the title Ruling Ireland, in constitutional politics. 1685–1742: Politics, Politicians and Parties. This is the period and subject area in which CHRISTOPHER LYNN was educated at his expertise is universally acknowledged Queen’s University Belfast and University and widely drawn upon. His extensive College Dublin, where he received his PhD knowledge and the many original insights for his study of houses from early-medieval arising from it are displayed most remark- Ireland. He has combined archaeological ably in his long introduction to The History research with a career in public archaeology of Parliament series, which has been very within the Environment and Heritage Ser - widely praised. vice, where he has conducted over 30 ex cavations and been responsible for the con - JACQUELINE HILL, Associate Professor serv ation and presentation of many of our of History at NUI Maynooth, is a graduate historic monu ments in state care. He has of the University of Leeds and has published published a series of highly regarded ac - extensively on eighteenth- and nineteenth- ademic studies on topics as wide-ranging as century Ireland. Her magnum opus, From the excavation of Iron Age ceremonial Patriots to Unionists: Dublin Civic Politics and Irish centres, the settlement architecture of early-medieval Protestant Patriotism 1660–1840 (Oxford University Ireland and the relationship between archaeology and Press 1997), redefined at a stroke the world of eighteenth- Indo-European mythology. His book on the Navan Fort century Unionism and was recognised as a major is a fine piece of scholarship, appealing to a broad contribution to the study of Irish and British history. A European and American readership.

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CARMEL MCCARTHY is Associate Professor of President of the Irish Historical Society. James has Hebrew and Syriac at University College Dublin. She published extensively in his own right on the history of was educated at University College Dublin and the Uni- seventeenth-century Ireland, and he is recognised university of Fribourg in Switzerland. In 1981 she versally as a scholar of the highest order. published her doctoral dissertation on the tiqqune sopherim, ‘corrections of the BRIAN NOLAN is currently Research Scribes’, which critically examined the Professor and Head of the Social Policy complex origins of the tradition of the Research Division in the Economic and scribal emendations to the Hebrew text of Social Research Institute in Dublin, having the Bible listed in rabbinic works and obtained his primary degree in University medieval commentaries. In 1993 she pub - College Dublin, an MA in Economics at lished an annotated translation of a unique McMaster University in Canada and a PhD Syriac manuscript from the Chester Beatty from the London School of Economics. His Library collection, containing Ephrem the contributions to the study of income distri- Syrian’s commentary on Tatian’s gospel bution, deprivation and social policy have harmony. And in 2007 she published a had a great impact on academia and social critical edition of the Hebrew text of policy, not just in Ireland but in the UK and Deuteronomy as part of the Biblia Hebraica the European Union as well. He is the sole Quinta. Professor McCarthy has established author of ten books and has published exten- an international reputation in the textual sively in international scientific journals. criticism of the Hebrew Bible. Professor Nolan is one of the world’s leading scholars on issues of income distribution, JAMES MCGUIRE is Senior Lecturer in the and his work has had a major influence on School of History and Archives, University how social scientists conceptualise and College Dublin, and, since 1992, Managing measure poverty. Editor of the Academy’s Dictionary of Irish Biography project. Publication of the dic- WILLIAM O’BRIEN graduated in archae- tionary by Cambridge University Press is ology at University College Cork and expected to take place in late 2009. The lectured there and at NUI, Galway, before dictionary will be the first authoritative returning to Cork in 2006 as Professor of reference to the lives and careers of almost Archaeology. His research interests lie in 10,000 noteworthy Irish persons. The three principal areas: early mining and me- chronological scope of the dictionary tallurgy in Atlantic Europe, the Chalco- extends from the earliest times to the lithic and Bronze Age in Ireland and the beginning of the twenty-first century. The later prehistory of south-west Ireland. He dictionary will be published in seven has excavated a number of key sites in printed volumes, and online, and is south-western Ireland, and he has pub- expected to become a major educational lished comprehensive monographs on the resource for historians and the general copper mines at Mount Gabriel, Co. Cork; public. As Managing Editor, James has led on the mines at Ross Island, Co. Kerry; and the project’s in-house research staff and on wedge tombs. Professor O’Brien has more than 400 external contributors in revolutionised our understanding of the preparing the entries for the dictionary over the past origins of metallurgy in Ireland. He has brought a sixteen years. He also serves as President of the Irish greater awareness of scientific applications to archaeo- Legal History Society and as Chairman of the Irish logical problems, and his influence on new generations Manuscripts Commission, and in the past he was Joint of archaeology students has been considerable. Editor of the journal Irish Historical Studies and

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GEORGE QUIGLEY graduated with a island studies, as exemplified by his books A first-class honours BA in History from Geography of Islands: Small Island Insu- Queen’s University Belfast in 1951 and was larity (2001) and The Company’s Island: St awarded a PhD in Medieval Ecclesiastical Helena, Company Colonies and the Colonial History by Queen’s in 1955. Entering the Endeavour (2007). Northern Ireland Civil Service, he rose to become Permanent Secretary, successively, of KATHARINE SIMMS, who was educated the Departments of Manpower Services, at Trinity College Dublin, is the leading Commerce, Finance, and Finance and Per - scholar on late-medieval Gaelic Ireland. Her son nel. In 1989 he became Chairman of book From Kings to Warlords: The Ulster Bank, and he is currently Chairman of Changing Political Structure of Gaelic Short Brothers plc, which is part of the Bom- Ireland in the Later Middle Ages, first bardier Aerospace group. Short Brothers is printed in 1987 and reprinted in 2000, the largest private-sector company in remains the outstanding study in this field. Northern Ireland, employing about 7,000 She has made substantial contributions to the persons and specialising in the design and understanding of the forms and functions of manufacture of major aircraft structures. bardic praise poetry, including the compila- During his long and distinguished career, Sir tion of a database, accessible via the website George has served in advisory capacities on of the School of Celtic Studies, Dublin many important groups, including the Institute for Advanced Studies. Dr Simms has Dearing Committee on Higher Education, also opened up another area of scholarship the Qualifications and Curriculum Author- in examining the hereditary control of eccle- ity, the Scottish Fee Support Review and the siastical offices by secularised clerical Review of the Northern Ireland Parades families in later-medieval Ireland. She Commission. He has the distinction of presently holds a Senior Research Fellowship having been both President of the Northern of the Irish Research Council for the Human- Ireland Economic Council and President of ities and Social Sciences and is Principal the Economic and Social Research Institute Investigator of the Chancery Rolls Project, in Dublin, and he is an Honorary Fellow of which aims to retrieve as far as possible the the Irish Management Institute. original texts of the Patent and Close Rolls destroyed in the Public Record Office of STEPHEN ROYLE is Reader in Geography Ireland in 1922. Through the wide-ranging at Queen’s University Belfast. Educated at yet in-depth mastery of her subject, Dr the Universities of Cambridge and Leicester, Simms has proven to be an outstanding he took up a position at Queen’s in 1974. He scholar of the medieval Gaelic world. has an impressive breadth of publications, reflecting the two key passions of his career: ROBERT WELCH is Professor of English the first is the world of islands, including the and Dean of the Faculty of Arts at the Uni- Irish islands and the remote St Helena, on whose history versity of Ulster. He studied Irish and English at Univer- and geography Dr Royle is the leading contemporary sity College Cork and took his doctorate at Leeds on the authority; the second, an island of sorts, is the city of importance of translation in the Irish poetic tradition in Belfast, where he lives. Within Ireland, he is best known English. He has made a significant contribution to an for his work on urban historical geography, including his understanding of the interplay between literature in Irish leading contribution to the two Belfast fascicles in the and English, in works such as the influential A History Academy’s Irish Historic Towns Atlas series. Beyond of Verse Translation from the Irish 1789–1898, Changing Ireland, but inspired by it, he has played an innovative States: Transformations in Modern Irish Writing and the role in the rapidly expanding multidisciplinary field of Oxford Companion to Irish Literature—a standard

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reference work, many of whose 2,000 entries he wrote Development at the Free University, Amsterdam. Born in himself. His book The Abbey Theatre 1899–1999: Form the Netherlands, he was trained as a clinical psychologist and Pressure is the first full history of the theatre from at the University of Amsterdam and at Queen’s Univer- its founding stages. His most recent undertaking is the sity, Kingston, Ontario. He is Co-Director, with his wife, landmark, five-volume Oxford History of the Irish Book. Dr Magda Stouthamer-Loeber, of the Life History Professor Welch is one of the leading critics of Irish liter- Program and Principal Investigator of two longitudinal ature in the English language on the island of Ireland, and studies—the Pittsburgh Youth Study and the Pittsburgh he has earned an international reputation as a literary Girls Study. He has published widely in the fields of historian of Ireland. juvenile antisocial behavior and delinquency, substance use and mental-health problems. He is an elected member of the Koninklijke Nederlandse Academie van Wetenschappen (Royal Academy of Sciences) in the New Honorary Members Netherlands. In addition, he is Senior Fellow of the Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement and Life Fellow of Clare Hall, University of JOHN DEWEY began his geological career and, at the Cambridge. In Ireland he is Editor of the Architects and same time, his association with Ireland through his PhD Architecture volume in the new Academy project Art and research on the Lower Palaeozoic rocks of Murrisk in Architecture of Ireland; an Honorary Member of the 1958. He rapidly became a leader in interpreting ancient Royal Institute of Architects of Ireland; and a Fellow of fold belts, particularly the Cale- the Royal Society of Antiquaries donian–Appalachian belt of of Ireland. His distinguished Scotland, Ireland and eastern publications in Irish studies are North America, by application many and varied, from seven- of the then emerging theory of teenth-century Irish colonial plate tectonics. He is a world history, architecture and fortifi- authority on global tectonics, cations to Irish literature be- bringing an infectious enthu- tween 1650 and 1900. siasm to the subject. An influential teacher, he has always been greatly in demand as an invited speaker. He has held prestigious Chairs of Geology on both sides of the Atlantic. His numerous former graduate students include many who are now also leaders in the field. The quality and quantity of his research, with 150 publications, most of them in leading journals, have been recognised through the award of research prizes and medals of several learned societies and have led to his election to the Royal Society, to Academia Europaea and to the US National Academy of Sciences. Although now formally retired, he continues to undertake research: one of his major topics, which he has studied throughout his career, is the geology of the west of Ireland.

ROLF LOEBER, PhD, is Distinguished University Professor of Psychiatry and Professor of Psychology and Epidemiology at the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsyl- vania, and Professor of Juvenile Delinquency and Social

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DISTINCTIONS CONFERRED ON MEMBERS

The following distinctions were conferred on Members during the year 2007–08:

John D. Brewer was elected as a William J. Smyth won the 2007 Fellow of the Royal Society of Irish Historical Research Prize for Edinburgh in 2008. his book Map-making, Land - The Festschrift Reverberations: scapes and Memory: A Geography Staging Relations in French since of Colonial and Early Modern 1500 (a collection of 34 contri- Ireland c.1530–1750 (2006). butions from colleagues in Ireland, Edward M. Walsh was awarded the UK, the US and France) was the Lifetime Achievement Award published for Clive Edric J. Caldicott. at the Limerick Person of the Year President Nicholas P. Canny was Awards on 6 February 2008. elected to the American Philosoph- The UCD School of Irish, ical Society as an International Celtic Studies, Irish Folklore and Member in 2007. Linguistics has named a library— Michael A. Hayes was presented The Huxley–Whitaker Library with a collection of scientific papers for students of Early Irish—in published in his honour in a special, honour of the donations made by extended issue of Mathematics and Thomas K. Whitaker and George Mechanics of Solids (2005, vol. 10, pp L. Huxley. 129–718) to mark his 65th birthday. David Whitehead was elected Mark J. O’Malley was elected as For all Member enquiries, please contact as a Fellow of the Royal His- a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical Sara Whelan, Head of Administration. torical Society in 2007. and Electronic Engineers in 2007.

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BEREAVEMENTS

The deaths of the following Members in the period September 2007 to August 2008 are recorded with regret:

Chadwick, Henry. FBA, KBE, DD (Oxon), MusB, DD Former President of the Royal Dublin Society. Former (Oxon), DD (hc: Glasgow, Uppsala, President of the Institute of Bankers. One of the founders Yale, Leeds, Manchester, Surrey, of the Irish Times Trust. Elected 1985. Died 28 July 2008. Chicago, Harvard, Jena, Augustinian University of Rome). Regius Professor McCracken, John Leslie. MA, PhD of Divinity at both Oxford (1959) and (QUB 1941, 1947). Emeritus Pro - Cambridge (1979). Dean of Christ fessor of History, University of Ulster. Church, Oxford. Retired Master of Elected 1978. Died 10 March 2008. Peterhouse College, University of Cambridge. Elected 1983 as an Honorary Member. Died 17 June 2008. O’Higgins, Paul. MA (Dubl 1960), MA (Cantab 1961), PhD (Cantab 1962), LLD (Dubl Conalty, Michael Laurence. MB, BCh, BAO, DPH, MD 1987), LLD (Cantab 1989). Vice-President of the (NUI), MIMA, MIACR, FRAMI. WHO Fellowship 1956. Haldane Society. FTCD (Hon, 1996). Joseph L. Andrews RIA Senior Visiting Fellowship 1969. UNESCO Science Bibliographical Award (1987). Retired Professor of Law, Prize 1980. Former Chairman of the Irish Cancer Society. Christ’s College, Cambridge. Elected 1986. Died 13 Elected 1969. Died 17 July 2008. March 2008.

Hillery, Patrick John. BSc (1943), MB, BCh (Dubl 1947), Scott, Francis Leslie. BSc, PhD, DSc (NUI). Former BAO (1947), LLD (hc: Limerick, NUI, Melbourne), PhD Professor of Chemistry, University College Cork, 1960– (hc: Pontifical University, Maynooth). Honorary Fellow 73. Taught for many years in Denver and Texas. of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland. Member of Elected 1965. Died 14 January 2008. the Irish Medical Association, Royal College of Physi- cians of Ireland, Royal College of General Practitioners, Winder, Francis Gerard Augustine. MA (Dubl), MSc Pharmaceutical Society of Ireland and All India Institute (NUI), ScD (Dubl), FTCD. Emeritus of Medical Sciences. Former President of Ireland. Elected Professor of Biochemistry, Trinity 1963. Died 12 April 2008. College Dublin. Elected 1961. Vice- President 1982–3, 1991–2, 1993–4; Lewis-Crosby, Robert Cornwall (Robin). MA (Oxon), Council 1967–71, 1983–5, 1990–1, FCA. Former Deputy Governor of the Bank of Ireland. 1992–3. Died 30 December 2007.

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NORTHERN APPROACHES An address to the Stated General Meeting of the Academy, 16 March 2008

by Seamus Heaney

n this occasion, as before it can be formulated or our fondly re - accepted in political fact. And garded President it is in poetry that we can put Orelinquishes his our hope … since poetry is the post, the Secretary invited me, a voice of spirit and imagin - fellow northerner, to say a few ation and all that is potential, words. as well as of the healing benevolence that used to be So let me begin with a the privilege of the gods. declaration of faith in the art by the former Poet Laureate, also a At eleven o’clock on a Saturday northerner, a Yorkshire man morning, this may sound a bit with a Yorkshire accent, but a high flown, a bit too ready to man at home in world poetry attribute transformative powers and in no doubt about its to poetry and to believe that it can potential agency in world affairs. make something happen, but its In a note to a programme for an confidence is nonetheless tonic

international poetry festival in SEAMUS HEANEY and its rhetoric commanding. the 1960s Hughes wrote: A more downbeat statement of If the various nations are ever to make a working the belief, a more expected northern approach to the synthesis of their ferocious contradictions the plan matter comes in Derek Mahon’s statement that a good of it and the temper of it will be created in spirit poem is a paradigm of good politics. By which I take him

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as Ballymena and the Bogside, and their final performance took place in the city one half of their audience would have called Derry and the other half Londonderry. The account concludes with a cameo appearance of Brian Friel who ventures, as Montague phrases it, ‘a note of caution or criticism’:

‘Why did you have to tour wearing labels like that, the Planter and the Gael?’ he demanded with a snort. ‘Why didn’t you just go round as yourselves, John Hewitt and John Montague? Not wearing placards like sandwich men!’

(courtesy John Minihan and The Gallery Press) I, therefore, want to begin with a word about those two northern poets and their relationship to the place John Hewitt would name ‘the colony’, a place that John Montague has named ‘a primal Gaeltacht’.

Hewitt’s poem, ‘The Colony’, first published in 1953, was

DEREK MAHON a truly significant intervention by a poet in the cultural imagination of his community, one that transposed the to mean that in a good poem a momentary balance gets self-understanding of the Stormont Unionist collective struck between desire and necessity, between a freedom to from the plane of political defiance to the plane of imagine extravagantly and an obligation to confront the historical comprehension and imagined possibility. Post- evidence honestly, to be true both to the promise of plantation Ulster figures in the poem as a Roman colony liberation and to the experience of being lumbered. in some unspecified part of northern Europe after the Empire has fallen. The legions have withdrawn, but the What I will suggest in this brief talk is that over the past 50 years northern poets and poetry gradually shifted from the condition of being lumbered towards the condition of being liberated, and that the imagining of the poetry did prefigure what Hughes called the plan and temper of the politics. And in order to sketch out my argument— sketch out rather than fill out, since we have little time—I’ll talk about how different poets from different generations related to what we might call ‘the matter of Ulster’, whether that Ulster is the post-plantation, six- county entity dear to the political imagination of the Unionist or the primeval Irish province that still functions as a viable nine-county unit in the sporting imagination (courtesy The Gallery Press) of the GAA.

In his recent memoir, The Pear is Ripe, John Montague tells of a week spent on the road with John Hewitt, presenting a programme called The Planter and the Gael. The two poets toured the north, reading their poems to audiences in places as far apart, culturally and politically, JOHN MONTAGUE JOHN MONTAGUE

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colonists who were planted generations earlier on the uncontested, husbanded, settled locus which is at once confiscated ground are left in possession and left to make origin and destination: the poem ends with his persona the best of it. They cannot go back, but they are still not acknowledging the fact that he is not so much welcome where they are, among the demeaned and deracinated or displaced as existentially desolate, an dispossessed natives. Their representative is the tolerant, unaccommodated man, as bare to the world as Lear was meditative speaker of the poem, a man who envisages a on the heath, somebody whose outcastness is not so much future when both groups will arrive at a workable modus colonial as cosmic. The last stanza reads: vivendi. He says that he The authorities declare that in former days would make amends the western island was uninhabited, by fraternising, by small friendly gestures, just as where you reside now was once tundra, hoping by patient words I may convince and what you seek may be no more than my people and this people we are changed a broken circle of stones on a rough hillside, from the raw levies who usurped the land somewhere. if not to kin, to co-inhabitants, A planter Hewitt may be, even to the point of being what and the poem ends with the famous claim that he and his John Montague once called ‘the first (and probably the last) fellow colonists have rights ‘drawn from the soil and deliberately Ulster, Protestant poet’, yet his planter’s search sky; / the use, the pace, the patient years of labour’, and ends in a place or state that very much resembles the place by reason of these habituations have the right to say or state where John Montague, the poet who is professedly Catholic and Gael, ends his ancestral search and posits his this is our country also, nowhere else; site of origin. Montague’s early poem ‘Like Dolmens Round and we shall not be outcast on the world. my Childhood the Old People’ is set in a realistic, mid- twentieth-century rural Ulster; instead of colonists and If there is an allegorical, historical dimension to this natives or western and eastern islanders, it names work, there is also a back echo of the ‘no surrender’ Protestants and Catholics, local idiots and lonely spinsters, mentality, but when Hewitt returns to the theme a few all living together in a landscape of standing stones and years later, in a poem called ‘The Search’, the defiance is chamber tombs, a landscape of origin not unlike the muted, an inner uncertainty is admitted and a more ultimate destination that Hewitt imagines for himself—‘a exiled, existentially solitary note is sounded. This time broken circle of stones on a rough hillside, somewhere’. Hewitt is writing more autobiographically, although there This otherwhere fostered the child-poet in Montague: his is still an element of parable and distance in the way he vocation is sealed when he has a vision of himself entering represents his situation. ‘The Search’ was composed in and entered by the circle of the mythic ancestors. ‘Ancient 1967, when Hewitt, denied promotion in his post at the Ireland indeed’, the final stanza begins, ‘I was reared by her Ulster Museum, had been forced to leave what the poem bedside’, with the result that in his imagination ‘the old called ‘the western island’, and was displaced to the east, people’ become transformed into figures as immemorial to Coventry, where he acted as director of the Herbert and indelible as the dolmens themselves, and he ends up Art Gallery. But as a man whose ancestry was among the being their bardic representative: planters who had come over from England, he was also, in imagination, the Roman citizen back in the Capitol For years they trespassed on my dreams, because sometimes the thought occurs Until once, in a standing circle of stones I felt their shadows pass that you have not come away from, but returned, to this older place whose landmarks are yours also. Into that dark permanence of ancient forms.

Now, however, Hewitt was less imaginatively convinced What is evident, I hope, in these brief citations is the way by the idea of an historically secure home place, some both poets feel a responsibility to the collective, the

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heritage which furnished them with their first sense of identity, whether it be ‘ancient Ireland’ or ‘the colony’; neither is complaining of having to carry the burden of the past, but their vocation involves a confrontation with it and a certain custodianship of it.

This point was made as long ago as 1975, when Terence Brown published Northern Voices, his groundbreaking critical study of Ulster poets from the late-eighteenth century to the decade of the 1970s. Brown concluded his (courtesy Pieter M. van Hattem and The Gallery Press) book by pointing out that the province’s cultural complexity, revealed time after time in the work of the poets under discussion, derived from what he called ‘the simple fact of the colonial predicament’: ‘How much’, he observed, PAUL MULDOON PAUL How much of the poets’ work has related to attempts to solve problems that derive from that basic reality of the last three hundred years! … Much of the poetry of Ulstermen and women has seemed not the flowering of fertile self-confident imagining, but the effortful reaction to a situation which is extraordinarily difficult to transcend but which demands response. (courtesy Elzbieta Lempp and The Gallery Press)

In that last sentence Terence Brown was not only discerning the obligation to be representative, which pervades the work of Hewitt and Montague; he could have been writing the job description for the northern poets of my own generation. Different as we might have

been in background and temperament, Derek Mahon, CIARAN CARSON Michael Longley, James Simmons and myself were all landed with the same artistic predicament. Just after we started to publish, the bombs started to go off; just after we experienced the first joy of writing as its own reward, we landed in a situation where we were being expected to produce writing which was a decided reaction to the distressful life we had entered. Corpses in the foreground, atavisms in the background, sectarian blood in the sunset: ( courtesy Suella Holland and The Gallery Press) how with this rage could beauty hold a plea? Where, I asked at the time, could we find images and symbols adequate to our predicament? What good, Mahon asked,

was the poet’s rage for order in the terrible GUCKIAN circumstances? These were questions we all faced and in C our different ways tried to solve. But what was not different was that sense, which Terence Brown diagnosed

so accurately, of being in thrall to the old demons, of MEDBH M

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having a part to play, a situation to answer for and a into our own music. From the start, however, and in spite predicament to address. As I wrote in the prefatory verses of the prevailing troubles, the poetry of this new to my collection Wintering Out, published in 1972, the generation seemed to have had access to that freer form year of Bloody Sunday and Bloody Friday, of life and independent pattern of living which others only allowed themselves to imagine once the para - This morning from a dewy motorway militaries stopped killing and the politicians started I saw the new camp for the internees. negotiating—grudging, distrustful and petty-minded as A bomb had left a crater of fresh clay those negotiations have been, and will continue to be. In the roadside, and over in the trees The third wave of northern poets, in other words, was Machine gun posts defined a real stockade. the first to get to a stage where no placards were being There was that white mist you get on a low worn, where the sandwich boards had been parked and ground the individual person entered what Muldoon’s first book And it was deja-vu, some film made called New Weather, a title chosen with inspired con - Of Stalag 17, a bad dream with no sound. trariness and meaning aforethought.

Is there a life before death? That’s chalked up It’s not that these younger poets didn’t take cognisance On a wall in town. Confidence with pain, of the demeaning conditions they were born into, it’s just Coherent miseries, a bite and sup: that they treated the conditions as material to be played We hug our little destiny again. with and be liberated from, rather than a plight to be dwelt upon and lumbered with. Which is why I’ll That same year, 1972, was my last year teaching in Queen’s conclude by reading a Muldoon poem called ‘Sym - University. I resigned from the job in the summer, not posium’. This poem, I once suggested, probably mocks because of the troubles in the town but because of a the earnest business of seminars on the past and future of determination in my heart to live and work more devotedly Northern Ireland’s history and problems, while at the as a poet, but when I left the English Depart ment, I also left same time remembering that the original Greek a group of honours students that contained poets who symposium was a gathering where men met in order to were children of the sixties, prodigiously gifted already in drink and talk, and where they then proceeded in all their undergraduate years, a group who were much more probability to get well and truly drunk and to talk confident about poetry’s right to take pleasure in itself, a nonsense. ‘Symposium’, at any rate, constitutes a dif - group in a much less earnest relationship to the historical ferent sort of answer to the throughotherness of the Ulster afflictions of their community. These younger poets were situation, to all the typical obstinacies and absurdities every bit as clued in to the political realities as we had been that sectarian and ideological intransigence can induce. in our own time, but they were less reactive—indeed they The poem is thoroughly familiar with all this and is thor- were artistically proactive, even before the drear term oughly fed up with it. It does not abscond from what’s ‘proactive’ had become current—and in that way they happening, instead it sends it up. It may have its origins were already typically ahead of things. I’m speaking now in gloom, but it ends up being gleeful. In its merriment, it of the three stars of the next generation of northern poets, both embodies and announces the possibility of ‘a free Paul Muldoon, Ciaran Carson and Medbh McGuckian, form of life, an independent pattern of living’. At the artists who reveal to us an artistic disposition that Terence same time, it is a response to the unfree, inherited condi- Brown envisaged as the ideal, ‘the flowering of a self- tions, so much so that it might just as easily have been confident imagining’. called ‘The Stormont Assembly’:

Even in the early work of these writers (now in their You can lead a horse to water but you can’t make fifties) there was an unanxious creative freedom, which it hold my generation attained only gradually by facing the music its nose to the grindstone and hunt with the of what was happening and aborbing it as best we could hounds.

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Every dog has a stitch in time. Two heads? You’ve The northern approach of this poem is admittedly one been sold that we might traditionally expect—wry, oblique, irrev- One good turn. One good turn deserves a bird in erent, contrary—but it is also jubilant, inventive, an out- the hand. stripping of the conditions, an attempt at the verbal level ‘to make a working synthesis of …ferocious contradic- A bird in the hand is better than no bread. tions’. If ever there was a poem that was the flowering of To have your cake is to pay Paul. a self-confident imagining, the promise of an independent Make hay while you can still hit the nail on the pattern of living, of a situation responded to and head. transcended, this is surely it. The feigning and feinting of For want of a nail the sky might fall. the words, the dodging and double-taking and subversion of received wisdom could be read as a playful represen- People in glass houses can’t see the wood tation of the challenges of power sharing, the challenges For the new broom. Rome wasn’t built between of a future in which entrenched attitudes will have to be two stools. abandoned and a new idiom discovered for new condi- Empty vessels wait for no man. tions. For all its confusion, line by line, the poem’s hardbitten verve and composure matches the new mood A hair of the dog is a friend indeed. of possibility now animating the politics of Northern There’s no fool like the fool who’s shot his bolt. Ireland, and I would suggest that the approach of poets There’s no smoke after the horse is gone. to the matter of Ulster has contributed to the creation of that mood, and will continue to do so.

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A TRANSFORMING PRESIDENCY (2005–08)

I think that, as life is action and passion, it is required of a man that he should share the passion and action of his time at peril of being judged not to have lived. Oliver Wendell Holmes

his Oliver Wendell Holmes quote is a favourite of Jim Slevin’s, and it is not hard to see why. Jim was a proactive President, as well Tas being a de facto full-time one. As President, he did not like the word ‘can’t’, would admit to being woefully impatient and loved good ideas, no matter whose they were.

Jim was elected to Council in 1999 and subsequently became Science Secretary (2000–04) and Academy Secretary (2004–05). In these roles he played a significant part in the process of modernisation and reform of the Academy, under the presidencies of David Spearman and Michael Ryan.

As Science Secretary, he focused his energy in two areas: research funding and public awareness. His early successes included a campaign to establish a Task Force on the Physical Sciences (2000) and the RIA/SFI Contem- porary Issues Discussion Programme. Of particular importance was the symposium ‘Science and Tech-

JIM SLEVIN nology—Looking to the Long Term’ (2002), which provided an opportunity for members of the research

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community to engage in dialogue Jim oversaw the restructuring of the with representatives of the funding editorial and publications functions bodies in order to make the financing of the Academy, bringing together all of scientific research in Ireland more sales, marketing, design, editorial and transparent and accountable. distribution activities into a single department under a Managing Editor. If there was one initiative that trans- Greater efficiency has allowed a wider formed the Academy’s public profile range of publications and has dramat- in these years, it was the DEPFA ically increased the speed of produc- BANK–sponsored Academy/Times tion. In 2007 the Academy published public lecture series, which began in Judging Dev by Diarmaid Ferriter. 2002. Without Jim, this very suc- The book was both a commercial and cessful series would never have hap- a critical success, winning an unprece- pened, and its early success can be dented three Irish Book Awards in directly attributed to his ability to March 2008. The Academy has also cajole such luminaries as Murray expanded into television and radio Gell-Mann, Andrew Wiles and John and now works closely with RTÉ. Nash to cross the Atlantic. Although Jim is a physicist by background, his presidency Incidentally, on Mary Harney’s third visit to the Academy had, if anything, a humanities and social sciences focus. in a six-month period as Minister for Enterprise, Trade He commenced two new Academy research/publication and Employment, she wryly commented that as a young projects—The Origins of the Irish Constitution and Art backbencher she had passed by No. 19 Dawson Street and Architecture of Ireland. He was also centrally every day on her way to the Dáil and had wondered what involved in the establishment of the Humanities Serving went on behind the front door. After three visits, she Irish Society consortium, which has led to the creation of reassured us that she now knew very clearly. the Digital Humanities Observatory.

After Jim’s election as President in March 2005, he and Although 2005 to 2008 was a significant period of his team of Officers prioritised two main areas: develop- change, the Academy has also remained focused on its ment of the Academy’s policy function and the regenera- core mission, that is, the recognition and promotion of tion of the Academy’s publishing role. Those goals were excellence in scholarship and research. A new initiative met and surpassed. The modernisation of the Academy’s during this period was the establishment of the Academy structures, which started during David Spearman’s pres- Gold Medals. In all, there are six medals, of which two idency, made it a more effective and flexible institution, are presented each year. The inaugural medals were better equipped to respond to developing situations of awarded in 2005 by President Mary McAleese. importance in policy making. A Senior Research Policy Officer was appointed to work with the Academy Professor James Slevin was a visionary President, guiding Officers and Committees and to harness the expertise the Academy through a period of extensive and, at times, available. Ideally placed to comment authoritatively on complicated organisational change. Unfailing in his many matters of public concern, the Academy is steadily support, he inspired people who worked with him to bring building a reputation and position for itself as a key the Academy into the modern age, while at the same time advisor in policy formation. Reports to date include building on and strengthening its original mission. Advancing Humanities and Social Sciences Research in Ireland (2007), The Relevance of Science Education in Professor Howard Clarke, Secretary Ireland (ROSE report 2007), Putting our Knowledge of Professor David Fegan, Senior Vice-President the Earth to Work for Ireland (2007) and Archaeology Professor Jane Conroy, PL&A Secretary in Ireland: A Vision for the Future (2008).

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MEDALS AND AWARDS

Hamilton 2008 prizewinners. Back row, l-r: Glen Burella, NUIM; Charis Dalzell, QUB; James Leahy, UL; Kevin Gough, DCU; David Sheehan, UCC. Middle row, l-r: Stephen Britton, TCD; Damien McParland, UCD; Darren Smyth, NUIG. Front row, l-r: Mr Michael Deeny, DEPFA Bank; Prof. Nicholas Canny, PRIA; Prof. Lisa Randall, Harvard University.

Professor George Eogan and Dr John Fuller Atkins, Dr Emilie Banide being presented with the 2007 RIA Prize the 2007 recipients of Academy Gold Medals in for Young Chemists by Professor Peter Mitchell, Archaeology and Biochemistry, respectively. Science Secretary.

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ACADEMY COMMITTEES

he Academy committees had a successful year, continuing to meet and work on policy-related issues and to focus on outreach activities. The Tnorth–south element of committee work was bolstered by various initiatives. Some of the highlights of the year were as follows:

The GEOSCIENCES COMMITTEE organised a series of events to promote cross-border initiatives in the geosciences, including a day-long conference in June, held in Government Buildings at Stormont and hosted by Mark Durkan, MLA; Jim Wells, MLA; and Brian Wilson, MLA. A similar event will be held in Dublin in late 2008.

The committee organised a major conference, entitled Geological Geosciences; and Director, L-R: Garth Earls (Chair, NI Minister for Enter- Survey of Northern Ireland); Arlene Foster, Geo- and Investment; Peadar McArdle (Director, prise, Trade logical Survey of Ireland) at the June conference in Stormont. ‘Where will Ireland get its Energy?’, which was held in The Geosciences Committee was also well represented on November 2007 in Dublin Castle. Launched by the the Irish National Committee for the International Year Minister for Communications, Energy and Natural of Planet Earth. Resources, Mr Eamon Ryan, TD, and attended by 200 delegates from academia, industry and government, the The COMMITTEE FOR MODERN LANGUAGE, conference proved to be a useful forum for discussions LITERARY AND CULTURAL STUDIES ran a one- on renewable energy, nuclear energy and solutions to the day workshop in Belfast on language strategy and policy, looming energy crisis.

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focusing on common themes, north and south. The Queen’s University Belfast, the annual scheme for radio- committee continues to advocate for the adoption of carbon dating. The committee has continued to build on language policies to maintain a well-skilled workforce links from last year’s Foresight Exercise, and the and a culturally rounded population. committee was asked to nominate a representative to the newly formed Irish National Strategic Archaeological The COMMITTEE FOR GREEK AND LATIN Research Programme, run by the Heritage Council. STUDIES ran a successful colloquium in November entitled ‘Greco-Roman Ghosts: Receptions of the The IRISH COMMITTEE ON CLIMATE CHANGE Classical World in the 19th and 20th Centuries’. (ICCC) released a scientific statement on the effects of climate change on biodiversity. The Chair of the The CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES COM- Committee attended the International Geosphere- MITTEE, under the new Chair, Professor John Kelly, Biosphere Programme’s meeting in South Africa on behalf MRIA, has invited key stakeholders in the strategic areas of the Committee. The ICCC was also represented on the of education and research to meet with the committee Irish National Committee celebrating the International during committee meetings. Ms Anna Walsh of the Year of Planet Earth. National Council for Curriculum Assessment addressed

the December meeting and outlined the plans for the 6th Scientific Statement revision of senior physics and chemistry curricula. In April Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity the committee met with Professor Fionn Murtagh, Director of Information, Communication and Emergent Technolo- gies, Science Foundation Ireland, and a wide-ranging discussion on research and research funding in Ireland for the chemical and physical sciences community was held. In RIA ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY June the committee held a meeting in Queen’s University Belfast and met with Damien McDonnell, Chair of the Northern Ireland Industry Panel.

The COMMITTEE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES, in association with the Irish Universities Association, the Irish Research Council for Humanities and Social Sciences and the Academy of Social Sciences, organised a half-day conference in May 2007 to stimulate discussion and provide a critical overview on the sensitive topic of research evaluation as it pertains to the social sciences in Ireland. The conference, with contributions on the Irish and UK experience as well as an overview of European practice, provided a unique opportunity for an exchange of knowledge about differing systems for evaluating research. Published in November 2007, the summary proceedings of this conference are available to download on the RIA website.

The ARCHAEOLOGY COMMITTEE, in conjunction with the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government, awarded the grants for Irish research excavations in 2008. The committee also ran a non-excavation research-grants scheme and, in partnership with

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In November 2007 the INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS The RIA Management of the COMMITTEE held its annual conference, entitled IRCSET Embark Scheme ‘Russia’s Global Perspective: Defining a New Relation- ship with Europe and America’, attracting a large Following a successful pilot scheme in 2007, the RIA suc- audience from academics, Irish and foreign diplomats, cessfully tendered to manage the international peer-review journalists, NGO representatives and civil servants. The process for the 2008 Irish Research Council for Science, committee also organised a timely public lecture in April Engineering and Technology (IRCSET) Postdoctoral Fellow- 2008 by Martti Ahtisaari, UN Special Envoy to Kosovo ship Scheme. This scheme, which is now in its sixth year, is and former President of Finland, on the theme ‘Conflict aimed at supporting the career development of talented post- Resolution: The Case of Kosovo’. Preparations were doctoral researchers in Ireland. This year IRCSET allocated made for the next annual conference, to be held on €4.8 million to offer individual funding over two years to 55 Friday, 21 November 2008, entitled ‘A Responsibility to postdoctoral researchers, who plan to complete research Protect?—Sovereignty vs Intervention’. The Department across the following disciplines: physics, chemistry, earth/ of Foreign Affairs also contacted the committee to request environ mental science, molecular biology, computer science, a nomination for the consultative process for the mathematics, macro/microbiology and engineering. The call proposed Irish Academic Centre for Conflict Resolution. for this scheme closed on 31 January 2008.

The COMMITTEE FOR COMMUNICATIONS The RIA’s role in this process was to ensure that each of AND RADIO SCIENCE held a successful colloquium the 371 applications received was assessed and reviewed entitled ‘The Emerging Trends in Wireless Communica- by a panel of international experts appropriate to each tions’ in April 2008. discipline. This was a two-step process, whereby each panel member was allocated a number of applications The ENGINEERING SCIENCES COMMITTEE has within his/her speciality in advance of a formal meeting of met with various key stakeholders regarding the develop- each disciplinary panel. Attended by senior academics ment of fourth-level education in the engineering sciences. from Europe, these assessment meetings were held in Academy House during April, and they proved to be a The ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE resounding success. Throughout, individual assessors— COMMITTEE organised the McCrea Biennial Lecture who worked and liaised closely with the Academy’s in November 2007. Joanna Haigh, Professor of Atmos- Programme Managers—praised the scheme and spoke pheric Physics, Imperial College London, gave two very highly of their experience in participating in the lectures entitled ‘Solar Variability and Climate: Conjec- assessment process. IRCSET formally announced the ture, Politics and Science’. The lectures took place in results of the scheme at the end of May 2008. Academy House, Dublin, and NUI, Galway. Rebecca Gageby, Senior Programme Manager

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POLICY

he Academy actively responded to public consulta- works to engage with tions, including the Department and inform public- of Education and Science’s Tpolicy debates on Statement of Strategy and the higher-education teaching and European Commission’s Green learning, R&D and broader Paper on the European Research national innovation initiatives. Area. All reports, documents and Recent policy issues in which the responses to consultations are Academy has engaged include available on the policy web developing the higher-education pages of the RIA website research system for the humani- (www.ria.ie/ policy/index.html). ties and social sciences, research A Discussion Forum infrastructure deficits, academia– on Irish Science industry research collaborations and the development of a nat - In July 2007 the RIA published ional geosciences-research pro - A Discussion Forum on Irish gramme. The Academy is ideally Science, which arose from a forum convened by the then

placed to act as a conduit to SINÉAD RIORDAN academic expertise for govern- Science Secretary, Professor ment and draws upon the ex - David Fegan, to identify current pertise of its network of scholars, researchers and issues in science education and research in Ireland. The practitioners within its membership and committees to forum took place in Academy House and was attended inform its contributions on policy issues. In 2007 the RIA by sixteen participants, primarily senior academics and

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researchers from higher-education institutions and public Submission on Bonus Points for Maths research agencies in Ireland. Participation was by invita- In January 2008 the Minister for Education and Science, tion only. The forum was structured around five topics: Ms Mary Hanafin, TD, reopened the long-running (a) science education at primary and secondary level; (b) debate on the possibility of more higher-education insti- third- and fourth-level teaching, learning and research; tutions awarding bonus CAO points to students of (c) research-funding policy and practice; (d) researcher higher-level Leaving Certificate mathematics who apply careers; and (e) science communication, dissemination to enter a third-level science, engineering or technology and outreach. The report of the forum summarises the course. The Academy Science Secretary and the Chairs of discussion that occurred in respect of each of these topics the Committees of Mathematical Sciences, Engineering and outlines the main points of the discussion on a non- Sciences and Chemical and Physical Sciences prepared a attributable basis. The report was presented to the gov- joint response on this issue for circulation to interested ernment’s Chief Scientific Adviser and the Director of parties. The report, Submission on Bonus Points for Science Foundation Ireland. The report is available to Maths, can be downloaded at http://www.ria.ie/policy/ download from the RIA website (http://www.ria.ie/ working-groups.html. policy/ pdfs/ discussion-forum.pdf).

Sinéad Riordan, Senior Research and Policy Officer

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A YEAR IN VIEW

Clockwise: President Mary McAleese, MRIA, speaking at the launch of The Importance of Being Irish; Eamon de Valera’s daughter, Eimear O’Cuiv, with then Taoiseach Bertie Ahern at the launch of Judging Dev; former Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave with Elaine Byrne at the launch of the Digital Humanities Observatory.

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Professor Howard Clarke with Professor Frank Gannon, signing the roll book at the admittance ceremony for new Members. Professor Lisa Randall, Harvard University, before delivering the 2008 Hamilton lecture. In 2007 TIME magazine listed her amongst the 100 most influential people in the world.

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New Members at Admittance Day 2008. Front Row, l-r: Professor Robert Elwood, QUB; Dr Mary Kelly, Director General, EPA; Professor Nicholas Canny, PRIA; Professor Patrick Prendergast, TCD; Professor James Lunney, TCD. Second Row, l-r: Dr Stephen Royle, QUB; Professor Helene McNulty, UU; Professor Denis O’Sullivan, DIAS; Professor Brian Nolan, UCD; Professor Katharine Simms, TCD; Professor Kingston Mills, TCD; Professor Christopher Dainty, NUIG; Professor Frank Gannon, Director General, SFI. Third Row, l-r: Professor David Hayton, QUB; Professor Michael McGlinchey, UCD; Professor Jacqueline Hill, NUIM; Professor Attracta Ingram, UCD; Mr James McGuire, UCD. Back row, l-r: Professor Robert Welch, UU; Professor Mark O’Malley, UCD; Dr Christopher Lynn; Professor William Spillane, NUIG; Professor William O’Brien, UCC; Sir George Quigley. Not in photo: Professor Carmel McCarthy, UCD.

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RESEARCH PROJECTS

Art and Architecture of Ireland (AAI)

rt and Architecture Art and Architecture of Ireland of Ireland is the will be a significant addition to Academy’s newest the writings on Irish art already Aresearch pro ject, available, an essential tool for approved in early 2008. anyone working in the area of Involving collaboration with all Irish art or Irish studies and an the main academic and art insti- important addition to the library tutions in Ireland, Art and of anyone interested in Irish art or Architecture of Ireland will be comparative studies, both within published in five volumes by and outside of the country. Yale University Press in 2014. The institutions involved in the The project is necessarily inter- project include University College disciplinary and so will have Dublin (UCD); Trinity College relevance for anybody who Dublin (TCD); the National has an interest in and passion College of Art and Design; the for the broad area of Irish Crawford College of Art; the ANDREW CARPENTER studies. AAI will be a national National Gallery of Ireland; the project by way of its reach, its range and its relevance Irish Museum of Modern Art; Dublin City Gallery, The to our national heritage and culture. The five volumes Hugh Lane; and the Limerick City Gallery of Art. The will cover medieval art and architecture, painters, project will include many northern artists and will require sculptors, architects and contemporary art, including significant contributions from academic colleagues in printmaking, photography and video art. Northern Irish institutions. It is hoped that the cross-

34 to print text:Layout 1 27/11/2008 15:13 Page 35 Round tower at the Ulster History Park in Omagh, Northern Ireland.

L-R: Dr Rachel Moss, Professor Hugh Campbell, Dr Nicola Figgis, Dr Paula Murphy.

border nature of the project will ensure the participation of the Ulster Museum, as well as academic input from Queen’s University Belfast and the University of Ulster.

Research for the project will consist of examinations of archival sources, contemporary newspapers and other relevant documents in Ireland, Britain and the US. The editors are drawn from experts at TCD, UCD, the Univer- sity of Pittsburgh and the Crawford Art Gallery.

The editors of the five volumes are as follows:

I Medieval Art and Architecture, c.400–1600—Dr Rachel Moss, TCD II Painters and Painting, 1600–1900—Dr Nicola Figgis, UCD III Sculptors and Sculpture, 1600–2000—Dr Paula Murphy, UCD IV Architects and Architecture, 1600–2000—Professor Rolf Loeber, University of Pittsburgh, and Professor Hugh Campbell, UCD V Painting, Printmaking, Photography and Video Art, 1900–2000—Peter Murray, Crawford Art Gallery

Professor Andrew Carpenter is the General Editor of AAI.

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Dictionary of Irish Biography (DIB)

composers, bankers, sports men and women, religious figures, writers in Irish and English, engineers, criminals, public servants, politicians and philanthropists. For some time now extracts from the RIA–DIB entries have been published on a regular basis in the bimonthly magazine History Ireland (‘From the files of the DIB’), and these have aroused considerable interest and whetted the appetite of future readers.

For further information see http://www.ria.ie/projects/ dib/index.htm

Mr James McGuire is the Managing Editor of DIB. James Gandon W. B. Yeats W.

he first edition of the RIA Dictionary of Irish Biography (RIA–DIB) moved closer to com- pletion in 2007–08. The dictionary is now Tvirtually a reality, and all project activity is concerned with bringing that reality to publication and to an expectant and inquisitive public. It has been a mon- umental task, covering 9,800 lives in over 9,000 entries, each entry constituting a separate file.

Activity in the project in 2007–08 revolved feverishly around checking and revising entries, and by March the great bulk of the RIA–DIB was with Cambridge Univer- sity Press. From March onwards the central focus of the project’s activity was reading and checking galley proofs. Ahead lies page proofing, a particularly crucial activity, as it will be the last chance to sign off on the alphabetical sequence in which all 9,000 entries appear in the print edition. When that is done, the electronic version will be tested to make sure that it delivers efficiently the func- tionality designed by the editorial team back in 2005, when the decision was made to have an electronic version published simultaneously with the print edition.

The range of subjects in the RIA–DIB includes artists, architects, scientists, journalists, actors, musicians and

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Dictionary of Medieval Latin from Celtic Sources (DMLCS)

ictionary of Medieval Latin from Celtic Sources is one of the established scholarly research projects of the Academy, but from Dthe perspective of the discipline of Medieval Latin studies it is one of sixteen or so territorial dictionary schemes being conducted across Europe. Under the overall auspices of the Union Académique Internationale, each of these enterprises deals with the vocabulary of the Latin literature that was written in its designated geographical area in the Middle Ages. Thus, DMLCS is working to provide a dictionary of Celtic Latinity, but there is also a dictionary of Anglo-Latin, a dictionary of Polish Latin, a dictionary of the Latin written in the German-speaking lands, a dictionary of Catalan Latin, and so on. The result provides, in a mosaic-like way, an appropriately rigorous research infrastructure for the Mrs Angela Malthouse and Dr Anthony Harvey, compilers interpretation of Western European thought as this was of the Archive of Celtic-Latin Literature online. recorded in writing across a thousand years of history.

In at least one respect, DMLCS plays a leading role Now that the project’s twin-track methodology has among the schemes, due to the fact that it has always had shown itself to be successful, a number of vernacular- two principal objectives. One is the compilation of an language dictionary projects at home and abroad are authoritative, documented dictionary of the Medieval beginning to adopt it. Latin written in the Celtic geographical area (of which the first volume in a series of four was launched by Meanwhile, DMLCS itself has been granted funding, Brepols Publishers in 2006). But what makes DMLCS under Cycle 4 of the Higher Education Authority’s unique is its twinning of the compilation of the dictionary Programme for Research in Third-Level Institutions, to with a second principal objective, namely the construc- supplement digitised textual material, as captured in tion and maintenance of a marked-up (that is, intelli- ACLL, with several layers of significant contextual infor- gently searchable), electronic library of the original mation. The Latin Confessio written by St Patrick is of Medieval Latin works in their entirety. That library is crucial importance for Irish history and ecclesiastical called the Archive of Celtic-Latin Literature (ACLL), and culture, so the plan is to construct online a hypertext 2008 has seen the Academy celebrate a very significant stack that will present different aspects of that work at breakthrough, with the publication (again by Brepols) of various levels, closely interlinked passage by passage. (A a developed and expanded version of ACLL, compiled in facsimile of the principal manuscript witness will be fully searchable form by Anthony Harvey and Angela linked to the corresponding passages as they appear in Malthouse and posted on the Internet. As a searchable diplomatic transcription, in critical editions, in various repository, this is the database from which examples are translations, and so on.) With the appointment of Franz drawn for the dictionary; as an online, full-text publica- Fischer as Postdoctoral Researcher in September 2008, tion, it constitutes an accessible, unique and valuable construction of the stack is scheduled to take three years. resource for scholars working in many branches of the For further information see humanities, such as historians, archaeologists, theolo- http://journals.eecs.qub.ac.uk/dmlcs/frameset_home.html gians, philosophers, linguists, Latinists and Celticists, as well as for those working in lexicography. Dr Anthony Harvey is the Editor of DMLCS.

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Digital Humanities Observatory (DHO)

ne of the Academy’s newest projects, the establishing a trusted digital repository for the long- DHO is a national digital humanities centre term preservation of digital assets. established to serve institutions of higher Oeducation, both north and south. The In March 2008 Dr Susan Schreibman joined the Academy DHO was funded by the Higher Education Authority, staff as Director of the DHO. Dr Schreibman joins the under Cycle 4 of the Programme for Research in Third Academy from the University of Maryland, where she Level Institutions, as a component of Humanities Serving served as Assistant Dean and Head of Digital Collections Irish Society (HSIS). The HSIS initiative is a partnership and Research (2005–08) and as Assistant Director of the committed to developing an inter-institutional research Maryland Institute for Technology in the Humanities infrastructure for the humanities. In recognition of its (2001–04). unique multi-institutional membership and all-island remit and experience, it was agreed that the Academy In May Róisín Clarke joined the Academy as DHO would act as the central coordinator of this new research Programme Administrator. In July Shawn Day, who is infrastructure. completing a PhD in history from McMaster University, Canada, joined the DHO as a Digital Humanities Spe- The DHO is a central pillar of that infrastructure, estab- cialist. In August Don Gourley took up the position of lished to manage and coordinate the increasingly complex Information Technology Manager. Don joins the Academy e-resources created in the arts and humanities. Digital from the Washington Research Library Consortium. On 1 humanities is a nascent interdisciplinary area of research October Dot Porter joined the DHO as Metadata that draws in equal measure from the various disciplines Manager from the University of Kentucky, where she of the humanities, computer science and library and served as Program Coordinator for the Collaboratory for information studies. It ranges from applying advanced Research in Computing for Humanities at the Center for computational techniques to traditional fields, such as Visualization and Virtual Environments. literary studies, history, art history and archaeology, to the theory and practice of gaming and virtual worlds, to In 2008 the DHO hosted a variety of educational activi- the creation and preservation of e-literature and e-art. ties, including the first Irish Digital Humanities Summer School, which featured hands-on workshops in project A central mission of the DHO is to serve as a knowledge management, the creation of electronic scholarly editions, resource to enable research into these areas, as well as to and digital imaging projects, as well as master classes by provide the means for researchers in Ireland to keep international digital-humanities experts Willard McCarty abreast of international developments in the creation, use and John Unsworth. In the autumn the DHO mounted a and preservation of digital resources. It will fulfil these series of workshops, seminars and tutorials, several in objectives by conjunction with its sister Academy project, Academy Digital Resources. serving as a knowledge base in Ireland via consultations with project partners; For further information and to subscribe to the DHO setting national standards to ensure the interoper - newsletter visit www.dho.ie ability, preservation and long-term accessibility of digital resources; Dr Susan Schreibman is the Director of the DHO. establishing a central repository that will provide access to a wide variety of interdisciplinary, multilingual and multimodal digital resources created on the island of Ireland;

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Documents on Irish Foreign Policy (DIFP)

he DIFP project with the accomplishment of this long-term project goal. marked its tenth Since its launch in April 2007, over 3,000 people have anniversary with the looked at the online version of DIFP I (1919–22). DIFP Thosting of the Ninth II and III are currently being placed online, and further International Conference of volumes will follow. Editors of Diplomatic Docu- ments in April 2007. The pro- While the preparation and hosting of the editors’ confer- ceedings, held in Academy ence took up a considerable amount of project time and House, Dublin Castle and the resources in the spring of 2007, the summer and autumn National Archives, with a gala saw the project return to the research for DIFP VI dinner in Farmleigh House, brought together the repre- (1939–41). DIFP VI is one of the most eagerly awaited sentatives of 24 countries and of the United Nations. The vol umes in the series, as it will be the first detailed conference focused on the application of new technolo- account from original records of Ireland’s response to gies to foreign-policy document editing and publication the outbreak of the Second World War and the and included many lively papers and practical demonstra- diplomacy that created and defended Ireland’s wartime tions of equipment and software. neutrality. It is now well known that Irish neutrality was strongly pro-Allied. DIFP VI shows the difficult Appropriate to the conference theme, the online version manoeuvres that Irish diplomats undertook to protect of DIFP was launched on the final night of the confer- Ireland’s national interests in wartime whilst exploring ence. The editors of DIFP envisaged placing it online Eamon de Valera’s ‘certain consideration’ for Britain’s from the outset of the project in 1997 and are delighted wartime interests.

L-R: Dr Marc Susser (United States), Ms Yemima Rosenthal (Israel), Ms Louise Fischer (Israel) and Dr Michael Kennedy (DIFP) at the opening reception to the International Editors' Conference, Academy House, 25 April 2007.

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Attendees at the Ninth International Conference of Editors of Diplomatic Documents, Dublin Castle, April 2007.

The volume includes many previously unknown For further information see www.difp.ie documents from 1939 and 1940 explaining the legal and geopolitical basis to Irish neutrality and showing how the Dr Michael Kennedy is the Executive Editor of DIFP. Department of External Affairs prepared the diplomatic response to an invasion of Ireland.

The research for this volume unearthed many other hidden treasures. The Paris Embassy series was found to contain previously unknown correspondence between both James Joyce and Samuel Beckett to the Irish Minister in France, Seán Murphy. In one letter from June 1943 Beckett warned Murphy that he was under increasing suspicion from the Vaucluse Prefecture, in particular ‘constant prying into my identity, my past movements, my present movements, my means of existence, my mode of existence, why I am called Samuel’. Beckett joined the Resistance in 1940 and fled to Roussillon in the Vaucluse département in 1942, so the interest in Beckett’s movements is perhaps not surprising, but the ‘interest’ in Beckett’s forename is revealing of anti- Semitism and racial policies in Vichy France. DOCUMENTS ON The letter from Beckett to Murphy will hopefully be IRISH FOREIGN POLICY published in DIFP VII in 2010. In the meantime DIFP volume vi continues to complete the publication of DIFP VI, which

will be available in November 2008. HB 566 pp • ISBN 978-1-904890-51-5 • €45/$80 www.ria.ie RIA

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Foclóir na Nua-Ghaeilge (FNG)

aineadh clochmhíle sun - A significant milestone was tasach amach i mbliana reached this year with the com- nuair a tugadh chun pletion of a bibliographical Bcríche bunachar biblea- database that will form the grafaíochta a bheas mar bhonn do basis of the twentieth-century chorpas an fichiú haois. Cuimsítear corpus. The database includes ann 1,819 téacs agus clúdaítear 1,819 texts and covers the ann an réimse is forleithne ábhair a widest range of subject material cheaptar a bheith ionadaíoch do considered to be representative theanga na Gaeilge ó 1882 go of the language of the period 2000, ón fhilíocht go dtí an fhisic, 1882 to 2000, from poetry to ón stair go dtí an tseandálaíocht, physics, from history to archae- ón adhmadóireacht go dtí an zó- ology, from woodwork to eolaíocht. Rinneadh iarracht aith - zoology. An effort has been eantas a thabhairt do mhionúdair made to represent minor auth- chomh maith le mórúdair, agus do ors as well as major authors, ÚNA UÍ BHEIRN mhionchanúintí chomh maith le and subdialects in addition to mórchanúintí. Tá fáil air ag an major dialects. It can be seoladh: http://www.ria.ie/ projects/ accessed at http://www.ria.ie / fng/bibleag. Tá tuairimí agus moltaí ina thaobh á projects/fng/bibleag. Feedback from the public on its n-éileamh ón phobal. contents is currently being sought.

Leanadh go seasmhach le hiomlánú chorpas an fichiú Progress is continuing steadily on the expansion of the haois in aonad an tionscnaimh i nDún na nGall agus in twentieth-century corpus, both in Donegal and in the oifig FNG abhus i dTeach Bective, Sráid Dásain. FNG office in Bective House, Dawson Street.

De bhrí go bhfuil riaráiste ollmhór téacsanna, a bhfuar- In view of the huge backlog of texts, electronic versions thas leagan leictreonach díobh ó fhoilsitheoirí éagsúla, le of which were donated to the project by various pub- hathchóiriú, fostaíodh ceathrar mac léinn as Institiúid lishers and all of which require reformatting, four Teicneolaíochta Bhaile Átha Cliath ar bhonn seachtrach, students from DIT have been recruited to work in the leis an riaráiste a ghlanadh. field to clear the backlog.

Tá an tionscnamh faoi chomaoin leanúnach ag an Roinn The project remains indebted to the Department of Gnóthaí Pobail, Tuaithe agus Gaeltachta, mar aon leis an Community, Rural and Gaeltacht Affairs, in addition to Údarás um Ard-Oideachas, as aonad na Carraige i nDún the Higher Education Authority, for funding the unit in na nGall a mhaoiniú. Tá buíochas faoi leith ag dul do An Charraig, Donegal. In addition, particular thanks are Sheán Ó Raghallaigh chomh maith as téacsanna a due to Seán Ó Raghallaigh for correcting texts for FNG cheartú do FNG go deonach. on a voluntary basis.

Dr Úna Uí Bheirn is the Editor of FNG.

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Irish Historic Towns Atlas (IHTA)

he IHTA project had a busy publishing year in With New Ross celebrating 800 years of its charter, the 2007. In association with Belfast City Council, IHTA was awarded a Heritage Council grant to publish IHTA, no. 17, Belfast, Part II, 1840 to 1900, a pocket map of New Ross, entitled New Ross c. 1200 to Tby Stephen A. Royle, was completed and c. 1900: Seven Hundred Years in the Making, by Linda launched in Belfast City Hall in September. This was Doran. Professor Howard Clarke spoke at the launch, closely followed by the publication and launch of no. 18, held in the Tholsel, New Ross. The publication includes Armagh, by Catherine McCullough and W.H. Crawford. a large map and an introductory essay, all folded to a Fittingly, this fascicle was launched by Cardinal Seán handy pocket-size format. Over 116 historical sites have Brady and Archbishop Alan Harper in December in the been mapped and indexed. Colour and symbols are Armagh County Museum. imposed on a modern base, so the reader can walk the by Charles Goad (British Library); original size 45 × 33.5cm. Map 12, Irish Historic Towns Atlas, no. 17, Belfast, part II, 1840 to 1900 (Dublin, 2007). Insurance map of Belfast 1887,

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streets of the town with a view to the past. A fascicle of Academy House, signalled another important and active New Ross is also planned. The success of the pocket map year for the project. of Belfast, entitled Belfast c. 1600 to c. 1900: The Making of the Modern City (2007), by Raymond Gillespie and Professor Anngret Simms attended a board meeting of the Stephen A. Royle, led to a reprint earlier this year. International Commission for the History of Towns in Another valuable addition to the project’s publications is Zürich (8–10 February), and her proposal that all editors a CD-ROM of the first sixteen atlases, which enables of town atlases should be invited to be members of the users to undertake general or advanced searches in all the Commission’s working group on historic town atlases towns whilst looking at digitised maps and illustrations. was accepted. Congratulations go to both Professor A users’ guide to the atlas, aimed primarily at teachers, is Howard Clarke on his election as a member of the Com- under active preparation. mission and Professor Mary Daly on becoming an honorary member of the Commission. The IHTA editorial board of Professors Anngret Simms, Howard Clarke and Raymond Gillespie welcomed Dr For further information see Jacinta Prunty (Department of History, NUI Maynooth) http://www.ria.ie/projects/ihta/index.html to the board in April 2008. Dublin, Part II, 1610 to 1756, by Colm Lennon, and Tuam, by Tony Claffey, are Ms Sarah Gearty is the Cartographic Editor and Project next in line for publication. Researching and editing of Administrator of the IHTA. the Carlingford, Cork, Dublin (part III), Galway, Limerick and Longford publications are advancing well. Launch of IHTA publications 2007 in Academy House. Work was also initiated on Ennis, Loughrea and Newry. L-R: Dr Steve Royle; Mr John Bradley; Professor Howard Clarke; In May the IHTA conference entitled New Thinking in Professor J.A. Slevin, PRIA; Mr Sandor Biszak; Dr Linda Doran; Researching the Urban Past: Setting the Scene, held in Professor Anngret Simms; Ms Catherine McCullough.

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New Survey of Clare Island (NSCI)

LIDAR image of Clare Island, showing cultivation ridges. The data set arising from the LIDAR survey will form the basis of a digital repository for the research carried out as part of the NSCI, as well as for other studies relating to the island. The resulting website will make a wide range of data available to the general user, as well as to the academic specialist, allowing unprecedented scope for cross-comparison of data sets across and within a wide range of disciplines.

Work based on this LIDAR survey will remain an invaluable resource for years to come, building on over 100 years of academic research on this island, facilitating n airborne study of Clare Island, conducted future study and enabling the dissemination of findings to in May 2007 as part of the New Survey, is a wider audience in an accessible way. Significantly, in already providing exciting results. This addition to enhancing the work that has already been LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) study completed by the NSCI, the LIDAR survey has produced A an important record of the island at a point in time, was funded by the Heritage Council and Mayo County Council. providing a vital baseline for future research and assessment of landscape change. LIDAR surveys involve the emission of a narrow, high- frequency laser beam towards the earth from an L-R: Professor Paul Gosling, GMIT, editor of vol. 5; Mr John Gormley, TD, Minister for the Environment, Heritage & Local Government; and aeroplane. A sensor then records the time difference Professor J.A. Slevin, PRIA, at the launch of the fifth volume in the New between the emission of the beam and the return of the Survey of Clare Island series at Academy House on 3 October 2007. reflected signal, giving the distance between the earth and the sensor. Specially designed computer software is then used to process the data into an accurate three-dimen- sional model of the ground surface.

Conducted by the Environment Agency Science Group, led by Bob Davidson, the Clare Island LIDAR survey has generated up-to-date and detailed vertical overviews of the existing stock of 250 or so archaeologically and archi- tecturally significant locations on the island, providing an important tool for the future management of these sites. The survey has also facilitated the identification of more than a dozen new locations of archaeological interest, illustrating the huge potential that LIDAR offers for archaeological field reconnaissance from the desk. In The next volumes of the NSCI will cover the zoology, addition, the island’s monuments and archaeological sites bird life, vegetation and soils of the island. can now be placed in a wider landscape context. Informa- tion regarding the boundary-plot pattern and ridge-tillage For further information see matrix on the island will be particularly important in http://www.ria.ie/projects/clare_island/index.html enriching the understanding of the island’s social history in the post-medieval period. Professor Martin Steer is the Managing Editor of the NSCI.

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Origins of the Irish Constitution (OIC)

he OIC is a project of the Academy in asso- John Hearne: principal draftsman of the 1937 Constitution. ciation with the Office of the Attorney General and the National Archives of TIreland. First introduced to the public in May 1937 and accepted in a national plebiscite on 1 July, the 1937 Constitution represented the culmination of the ‘constitutional revo- lution’ initiated by Eamon de Valera in 1933. De Valera had long been a vocal critic of the Constitution of Saorstát Éireann, established in 1922, which had been drafted in consultation with the British government. This Constitution contained several ‘forms and symbols’ that de Valera believed were inconsistent with Irish sovereignty. Following Fianna Fáil’s election to Dáil Éireann with a majority in 1933, de Valera initiated the process of removing all ‘Crown’-related symbols in the Irish Con- stitution with the abolition of the oath in May 1933. Similar amendments to the Constitution, designed to reduce the British government’s role in Ireland’s internal affairs, included the removal of the right of appeal to the King in the Privy Council and the removal of the King’s right to delay legislation passed by the Oireachtas. archival holdings, covering the period 1927 to 1941. The De Valera’s original intention was not to introduce a relatively wide time frame has been chosen in order to wholly new Constitution; however, at some point between allow readers to follow some of the most important devel- July 1934 and May 1935 this decision was taken. On 18 opments of the 1930s that created the circumstances that May 1935 John Hearne, legal adviser to the Department of allowed a new Constitution to be introduced. June 1941 External Affairs, produced a draft Constitution following represented the deadline for amendments to the Constitu- discussions with de Valera. This document was merely the tion to be passed before they had to be submitted to a ref- first in a long series of drafts that were generated over the erendum. The Constitution was amended twice in this following two years before the introduction of the new period, with no further amendment made until June 1972. Constitution in the Dáil in May 1937. In addition to document transcriptions, extensive com- Though much of the drafting was undertaken by a select mentary and annotation will be provided in order to committee, de Valera also submitted several draft versions guide readers through the complex legal and philosoph- to an intense consultative process involving all govern- ical problems that arose during the drafting process, ment departments, as well as several influential figures undertaken during a testing and uncertain international beyond the civil service. political climate.

The OIC project was established with the intention of For further information see publishing a comprehensive selection of key documents http://www.ria.ie/projects/oic/index.html relating to the development drafting of the 1937 Consti- tution. The documents will be collected from a variety of Dr Gerard Hogan is the Director of the OIC.

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LIBRARY REPORT

his year saw the continued progress of the cataloguing project, International Access to Academy Library Holdings, with 5,166 new Trecords added to the catalogues for the Haliday Pamphlets and Tracts. With funding from the Heritage Council, the Dublin Unitarian Church collection, donated to the Library in 2006, was sorted, listed and catalogued, and the collection is now available for consultation. Generous funding from an Academy Member enabled the Library to employ an archivist to sort and begin the cataloguing of the Charles Graves Papers. This collection contains correspondence from a wide range of nineteenth-century antiquarians and scholars, including John O’Donovan, James Graves, James Henthorn Todd and Whitley Stokes. To date, 609 records have been created. Visitors on a guided tour of the Library, Culture Night 2007. on a guided tour of the Library, Visitors

The Ordnance Survey Memoirs, covering the Ulster counties and published in a series by the Institute for Irish implements; and objects connected with folklore. The Studies, Queen’s University Belfast, in association with majority of these drawings were not reproduced in the the Academy between 1990 and 1998, contain 1,644 published Memoirs. The Library intends to publish a drawings of ecclesiastical, military and vernacular catalogue of the drawings, together with a representative buildings; archaeological finds; domestic and agricultural selection. A cataloguer was engaged to create catalogue

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records for the drawings, and an editor numerous lectures on the Annals during has been commissioned to oversee the the year, throughout the country and publication of the catalogue, which will abroad. be augmented by biographical data on the military artists and contextual infor- The Library participated for the first time mation relating to the military topo- in two major outreach activities, Culture graphical tradition. Night Dublin 2007 (September) and Open House Dublin 2007 (October), The Library’s map collections have been which were hugely successful in brought together in a new map case, and attracting audiences and engaging them work continues on cataloguing the maps with the collections and the mission of to current standards. the Academy. We welcomed over 500 people through the doors, gave guided Preservation continues to be a prioritised tours and interpreted the collections on activity. Irish manuscripts were digitised display for these occasions. The emphasis by Irish Script on Screen (ISOS) during the year, bringing of the Open House Dublin event is on the architectural the total number of Academy manuscripts on the website resources of the city. The organisers, the Irish Architec- to 47. Work on the conservation and rebinding of the ture Foundation, described the Academy’s participation Annals of Connacht (MS C iii 1), compiled AD 1468– as a ‘wonderful addition to our programme’. 1562, began in March 2008. These annals contain a history of the province from 1224 to 1562. The ISOS Finally, the Library was delighted to obtain funding, project can be viewed at www.isos.dias.ie. under Cycle 4 of the Higher Education Authority’s Pro- gramme for Research in Third-Level Institutions, for the The highlight of the Library year was the exhibition digitisation and transfer to the web of 216 linguistic ‘Writing Irish History: The Four Masters and their recordings of Irish speakers in the Gaeltacht areas from World’, held in Trinity College Dublin, October– the period 1928 to 1931. In partnership with NUI December 2007, as part of the Louvain 400 celebrations. Maynooth and University College Cork Irish depart- The Library loaned six manuscripts to this exhibition, ments, the Doegen Records Web project will enable the including the three volumes of the Annals of the Four Library to work with postgraduate students in creating a Masters held by the Academy. These were displayed for new learning tool and taking a valuable Irish-language the first time with Trinity’s resource to the public at large. Raghaidh mé síos i measc na ndaoine volume of the Annals and the Uni- THE DOEGEN RECORDS versity College Dublin/Franciscan WEB PROJECT: The Library acknowledges with Library volume. The exhibition A HEA PRTLIFUNDED HSIS PROJECT gratitude all those who donated his project will publish the Doegen sound archive of native Irish speakers from the early 20th century on catalogue was co-edited by the web. The archive consists of over 200 records made during the period 1928-1931 and includes speakers books and papers during the year Tfrom each of the four provinces. Items recorded include stories, songs, numbers and prayers. Deputy Librarian Dr Bernadette Initiated by the Department of Education and organised by the Royal Irish and those who contributed to - OBJECTIVES Academy, the recordings were made by Dr Wilhelm Doegen, Director of the Lautabteilung, Preussische Staatsbibliothek, Berlin. Cunningham, who also organised In the 1990s, with funding from the wards the funding of our activities Heritage Council, the recordings were remastered onto compact disc. We will now deliver the following via the web: two successful lecture series at the WHO WILL and collections. • audio ﬁles • transcriptions BENEFIT? • English-language translations • linguists 11 85 Academy: ‘Ireland and Europe in • contextualisation • historians 6 • musicologists 24 • the general public the Seventeenth Century: Poets, 4 7 For further information see 8 11 16 34 Priests and Patrons’ and ‘Irish 2 http://www.ria.ie/library+catalogue Scholarship at St Anthony’s Col- 68 /index.html

7 lege Louvain’, which had a sup- 2

18 48 porting exhibition entitled ‘Irish 45 Siobhán Fitzpatrick, Librarian

Map shows number of audio tracks recorded per county by Dr Wilhelm Doegen. Far left: Speaker Form relating to Seán Mhag Uidhir of Glangevlin, Co. Cavan (born 1849). Forms were completed for all Saints and Early Modern Europe’. speakers at the time of recording. CONTACT Left: Brian Mac Amhlaoibh. Born June 1850, at Cushendall, Co. Antrim. Siobhán Fitzpatrick, Librarian Photograph taken in October 1925. s.ﬁ[email protected] / 00-353-1-6380910 Eoghan Ó Raghallaigh, Post-Doctoral Researcher Dr Cunningham led several tours [email protected] / 00-353-1-6090606 PARTNERS Professor Ruairí Ó hUiginn, Roinn na Nua-Ghaeilge, NUI Maynooth of both exhibitions and gave I Dr Seán Ua Súilleabháin, RA Roinn na Nua-Ghaeilge, UCC

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PUBLICATIONS

1916 in 1966: Irish Agriculture: A Price History Commemorating the Easter Rising from the Mid-Eighteenth Century to the Eve of the First World War This book explores the official fiftieth-

1916 IN 1966 anniversary commemorations of the Easter COMMEMORATING THE The first in a new monograph series from EASTER Rising in the Republic and considers how RISING the Academy, Irish Agriculture focuses on the Irish government reinvented the message the prices of tillage products and livestock of 1916 through the jubilee celebrations in from 1755 to 1914. Involving more than 10 1966. It also examines the organisation of Edited by Mary E. Daly and Margaret O’Callaghan years of archival research, this work sheds various unofficial commemorations of the light on some major controversies in Irish Rising in Northern Ireland and the signifi- history: the impact of the French wars, the cance of these for nationalist and unionist significance of the Great Famine and the politics in the mid-1960s. origins of the Land War.

LIAM KENNEDY PETER M. SOLAR In addition to analysing the political nature IRISH AGRICULTURE: A PRICE HISTORY The prices and price indices presented in this of the golden jubilee, it also explores the 1966 from the mid-eighteenth century to the eve of the First World War book furnish building blocks for historians anniversary from the perspectives of drama, and historically minded social scientists performance, youth culture and history. RIA engaged in writing Ireland’s history. This This book is co-edited by Mary E. Daly, work also opens the way to more systematic MRIA, of University College Dublin and Margaret comparisons of Irish and European economic experience, O’Callaghan of Queen’s University Belfast and contains be it in terms of price inflation, living costs, market inte- contributions from Diarmaid Ferriter, Rebecca Graff- gration or market disintegration. McRae, Roisín Higgins, Carole Holohan, Michael Laffan, Catherine O’Donnell and Anthony Roche. The authors are Liam Kennedy and Peter M. Solar.

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The Extraordinary Adventures THE IRISH NOVEL survey by a team of specialists, the island is of Foundling Mick now one of the most intensively worked sites in Ireland and Britain, and it has an Jules Verne’s rediscovered Irish novel, from amazingly rich algal flora, encompassing the collections of the National Library of well over 700 species. Ireland, is a heart-warming story of a young J UL ESVERNE orphan’s trials and tribulations in the late the This new volume reports on this work, extraordinary nineteenth century. Published in full by the adventures of providing the most comprehensive description foundling Academy for the first time since its 1895 mick of Irish freshwater and terrestrial algae debut in English, it is a fascinating descrip- published in modern times. The volume’s tion of and commentary on contemporary beautiful illustrations and images will intrigue Ireland. The Extraordinary Adventures of amateur natural historians and provide an Foundling Mick takes readers on a tour of important reference work for academics and Ireland and her social classes. Mick’s travels those involved in water quality professionally. include visits to Westport, Galway, Limerick, Tralee, Cork and Belfast, all of which are The volume was edited by Michael D. Guiry, beautifully described. On his journey he MRIA; David M. John; Fabio Rindi and meets beggars, thieves, farmers, landlords’ T. Kieran McCarthy, and the contributors agents and landlords themselves. Finally, our and researchers include specialists from the hero reaches Dublin, where his fortunes Martin Ryan Marine Science Institute, The thankfully change for the better. Natural History Museum in London and the University of Durham. Often described as Verne’s tribute to Charles

Dickens, this book also shows the French - AWARDS man’s affection and respect for Ireland and We are delighted that Judging Dev: A her people. Reassessment of the Life and Legacy of Eamon de Valera by Diarmaid Ferriter was Articulations: Poetry, Philosophy named the winner in three of the nine cate- and the Shaping of Culture gories at the Irish Book Awards on Thursday, A limited, numbered publication, Articula- 24 April 2008: tions was produced to mark the awarding of the 2008 Cunningham Medal to Dr Seamus The Argosy Irish Non-Fiction Book of the Heaney, MRIA. The book includes Dr Year Heaney’s Cunningham Medal discourse, a The Eason Irish-Published Book of the poem by Paul Muldoon commissioned in Year honour of Dr Heaney and a discourse by The Tubridy Show Listeners’ Choice Book Patrick Masterson, MRIA. of the Year

The Cunningham Medal, the Academy’s Scheduled for publication in late 2008 are highest award, was presented to Dr Heaney Our War: Ireland and the Great War; at a ceremony in the Academy on 28 Treasures of the Royal Irish Academy January 2008. Proceeds of this publication Library; Historical Knowth and its Hinter- go to the Cunningham Medal fund. land; Documents in Irish Foreign Policy VI; and IHTA, no. 19, Dublin, Part II, 1610 to 1756. New Survey of Clare Island Volume 6: For further information see The Freshwater and Terrestrial Algae http://www.ria.ie/publications/index.html Clare Island is one of the few known ‘hotspots’ of algal diversity in the world. As a result of a comprehensive Ruth Hegarty, Publications Managing Editor

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APPENDIX I—MEMBERS

(Corrected to August 2008)

Aalen, Frederick Herman Andreasen Corish, Patrick Joseph Gardiner, Stephen James Kelly, John Moffat Allen, Ingrid Victoria Cosgrove, Arthur Joseph Gargett, Graham Kelly, Mary Almqvist, Bo Gunnar Cotter, Thomas Gerard Garvin, Thomas Christopher Kennedy, Dennis Andrews, John Harwood Coxon, Peter Gibson, Norman James Kennedy, Eugene Thomas Arbuthnott, John Peebles Craig, Maurice James Gilbody, Henry Brian Kennedy, Kieran Anthony Atkins, John Fuller Cromien, Seán Patrick Gillespie, Raymond Kennedy, Michael Peter Cronin, Michael Anthony Gilliland, Raymond Brian Keogh, Dermot Francis Baillie, Michael George Lockhart Crookshank, Anne Olivia Gleeson, Dermot Kernan, Roderick Patrick Bartlett, John Raymond Crossland, Bernard Gooding, David Willoughby Kiberd, Declan Bartlett, Thomas Crothers, Derrick Samuel Frederick Gorman, Jonathan Lamb Kingston, Arthur Edward Bates, Brian Cruickshank, Don William Gow, Roderick Ian S. Kinsella, Bridget Therese Bates, John Raphael Cullen, Louis Michael Graham, William George Bell, Kenneth Lloyd Cunningham, Edward Patrick Gregson, Peter John Laffan, Brigid Bew, Paul Anthony Elliott Grene, Nicholas Laffey, Thomas Joseph Black, Robert Denis Collison Dainty, John Christopher Guiry, Michael Dominic Richard Lane, Philip Richard Blau, Werner Daly, Mary Elizabeth Laver, Michael John Borooah, Vani Kant Davenport, John Halton, David William Lee, John Joseph Bourke, Angela Dawson, Kenneth Adrian Hand, Geoffrey Joseph Philip Lennon, Colm Bowler, Peter John de Brún, Pádraig Hannan, Damian Francis Leonard, Brian Edmund Boyd, Derek Raymond de Paor, Annraoi Máire Harbison, Peter Desmond Lewis, Ciaran Liam S. Bradley, Daniel Joseph de Silva, Amilra Prasanna Hardiman, Adrian Patrick Little, John Roger Graham Brazil, Thomas Joseph Deane, Seamus Francis Hardiman, Thomas P. Livingstone, David N. Breatnach, Liam Delaney, Cyril Francis George Harmon, Maurice Lloyd, David Robert Breatnach, Pádraig A. Dickson, David Jocelyn Harris, William C. Longley, Edna Mary Breen, Richard Dillon, John Myles Harvey, Brian Joseph Luce, John Victor Brennan Glucksman, Loretta Dineen, Seán Haughton, Joseph Pedlow Lunney, James Gerard Brewer, John David Dixon, Victor Frederick Hayes, Maurice N. Lydon, James Francis Michael Bric, Maurice J. Dolly, James Oliver Hayes, Michael Alphonsus Lynn, Christopher J. Brown, David Arthur Donlon, Patricia Hayes, Michael Hilary B. Lyons, William Edward Brown, Terence Peter McCord Donnan, Samuel Hastings Charles Hayton, David William Lysaght, Patricia Browne, James Joseph Donnelly, Dervilla M.X. Heaney, Seamus Justin Buchanan, Ronald Hull Dooge, James C.I. Hederman O’Brien, Miriam MacCraith, Brian Dominic Burch, Robert Dorman, Charles James Heffernan, Peter MacEoin, Gearóid S. Burke, Laurence Declan Downer, Roger George Hamill Heffron, James Joseph Alexander Macfadyen, Amyan Burke, Philip George Doyle, John Gerard Hegarty, Anthony Francis MacLachlan, Malcolm Burns, Duncan Thorburn Drury, Luke O’Connor Hegarty, John MacMathúna, Séamus Butler, Richard Noel Duggan, Patrick Finbarr Henry, Patrick Leo Magennis, Hugh Buttimer, Anne Herbert, Máire R.M. Malcomson, Anthony Peter William Byrne, Francis John Elwood, Robert William Herity, Michael Mallory, James P. Byrne, Ruth Mary Josephine Engel, Paul Cowper Herries Davies, Gordon Leslie Malthouse, Jonathan Paul Gascoigne Eogan, George Francis Hibbert, Alan Martin, Seamus Joseph Caldicott, Clive Edric John Evans, Gwilym Owen Higgins, Desmond Gerard Masterson, Patrick Campbell, Bruce Mortimer Stanley Evans, John David Gemmill Hill, Jacqueline Rhoda Mayes, Andrew David Hastings Cannon, Paul John Hogan, Peter Augustine Mayhew, Stephen George Canny, Nicholas Patrick Fairley, James Stewart Holland, Celia Victoria Mays, James Carthew Carden Carpenter, Andrew Fanning, J. Ronan Holland, Charles Hepworth McAleese, Mary Carroll, Peter Kevin Feakins, David Holland, Finbarr McArdle, Patrick Casey, James Patrick Fegan, David John Honohan, Patrick McBreen, Brian Philip Cathcart, Kevin James Finlay, William D. Horne, John Nicholas McBrierty, Vincent Joseph Chisholm, John Stephen Roy FitzGerald, Garret Michael Desmond Hughes, Thomas Jones McCabe, Alfred Marshall Clarke, Aidan FitzGerald, Maurice John Turlough Humphries, Peter McCanny, John Vincent Clarke, Desmond Matthew Fitzmaurice, Donald Huxley, George Leonard McCarthy, Carmel Clarke, Howard Brian Fitzpatrick, David Patrick Brian McCarthy, Matthew F. Clarkson, Leslie Albert Fitzpatrick, John Aidan Imbusch, George Francis McConnell, David John Clayton, Geoffrey Flanagan, Marie Therese Ingram, Attracta McCutcheon, William Alan Clayton, Mary Flatt, Peter Raymond Irwin, George William McDonald, Marianne Cleary, John Joseph Flavin, James Noel Iwaniec, Dorota Stanislawa McDowell, Robert Brendan Coey, John Michael David Fletcher, Alan John McEvoy, James Joseph Coffey, William Thomas Fottrell, Patrick F. Jones, Michael Bevan McGilp, John Finlay Colleran, Emer Fraher, John Patrick Judge, David J. McGing, Brian C. Conniffe, Denis Freuder, Eugene C. McGlinchey, Michael James Connolly, Seán Joseph Freyne, Seán V. Kane, Michael Thomas McGuire, James Ivan Conroy, Jane Froggatt, Peter Kearney, Richard Marius McKenna, Patrick Gerald Cooke, Maeve Keatinge, Neil Patrick McKervey, Michael Anthony Cooney, Brendan Gabriel Gallagher, Mary Kelly, Fergus Samuel McLoughlin, John Vincent Corish, John (Seán) Gannon, Frank Kelly, James J. McMurry, Thomas Brian Hamilton

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McNamara, Martin Joseph Prendergast, Patrick John Tipton, Francis Keith Frey, Otto-Hermann McNulty, Helene M. Pulé, Joseph Todd, Jennifer Gelfand, Israel M. McParland, Edward Joseph Gell-Mann, Murray Meehan, Elizabeth Marian Quigley, George Vij, Jagdish Kumar Gray, George William Metnieks, Arvids Leons Quinn, Charles Martin von Prondzynski, Ferdinand Grubbs, Robert H. Mills, Kingston Henry Gordon Vos, Johannes Gerardus Gunning, Brian Edgar Scourse Mitchell, Peter Ian Raftery, Barry Hamp, Eric Pratt Mitchell, Thomas Noel Regan, Ciaran Martin Waddell, John Hayes, William Moiseiwitsch, Benjamin Lawrence Richardson, David Horsfall Stuart Waddington, John Lionel Herren, Michael W. Montgomery, William Ian Ridley, Hugh Malcolm Wallace, Patrick Francis Hirzebruch, Friedrich Ernst Peter Montwill, Alexander Rima, Bert Walmsley, David George Huxley, Andrew Fielding Moore, John J. Robertson, Ian Hamilton Walsh, Brendan M. Jäger, Helmut Moran, Anthony P. Robinson, Mary Walsh, Edward Jeauneau, Edward Moran, Dermot Brendan Roche, James F. Walters, Harry Robert James Lehn, Jean-Marie Pierre Morash, Christopher Roddie, Ian Campbell Warner, Richard Boyden Lippard, Stephen J. More O’Ferrall, Rory Anthony Rooney, John Joseph Watts, William Arthur Loeber, Rolf Murphy, Brian Ross, Julian Richard Huxham Watts, William Edward MacIntyre, Alasdair Murtagh, Fionn D. Royle, Stephen Arthur Weaire, Denis Lawrence Malone, Thomas Francis Ruane, Frances Philomena Welch, Robert Anthony Morawetz, Cathleen Synge Nahm, Werner Ryan, Michael Edward Fitzgerald West, Timothy Trevor O’Neill, Onora Naughton, Carmel Patricia Ryan, Pierce Whelan, Christopher Thomas Penrose, Roger Neary, James Peter Ryan, William James Louden Whelan, Ruth E. Pepin, Jean Nelson, Margaret Jane Rynne, Etienne Whitaker, Thomas Kenneth Rice, Stuart Alan Newell, Martin Leonard White, Harry Rice, T. Maurice Nolan, Brian Sagarra, Eda Whitehead, David Roques, René Francois Lucien Nowlan, Kevin Barry Scaife, Brendan Kevin Patrick Williams, Cyril Edward Schmidt, Karl Horst Scanlan, John Oliver (Séan) Williams, David Clive Skinner, Quentin R.D. O’Brien, Conor Cruise Scattergood, Vincent John Wolfe, Kenneth H. Solow, Robert M. O’Brien, William Francis Schabas, William Anthony Woodman, Peter Thomas, Charles Ó Buachalla, Breandán Scott, Alexander Brian Wright, Barbara Watkins, Calvert Ó Carragáin, Éamonn Scott, John Martin Wrixon, Gerard T. Watson, James Dewey Ó Coileáin, Seán Sen, Siddhartha Weekes, Trevor C. Ó Con Cheanainn, Tomás Sevastopulo, George Demetrius TOTAL: 402 Weinberg, Steven O’Connell, Michael Sexton, Michael Cornelius West, Richard G. O’Connor, James Patrick Shanks, Robert Gray Wilson, David Ó Corráin, Donnchadh Shannon, Patrick Mary Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí Iarla Sharp, Paul Martin TOTAL: 57 O Donoghue, Brendan Shatashvili, Samson O’Farrell, Anthony Gilbert Shee Twohig, Elizabeth HONORARY MEMBERS Ó Fiannachta, Pádraig Simms, Anngret Ó Floinn, Raghnall Simms, David John (Corrected to August 2008) O’Gara, Fergal Simms, Mary Katharine Ó Gráda, Cormac Slevin, James A. Atiyah, Michael Francis O’Halpin, Eunan Slote, Michael Anthony Barnard, Toby Christopher O’Hare, Daniel Smith, Andrew Beierwaltes, Werner Ó hUiginn, Ruairí Smith, Francis Jack Boardman, John Ó Madagáin, Breandán Smyth, Malcolm Roland Bodmer, Walter Frederick O’Malley, Mark J. Smyth, William John Briggs, Derek E.G. Ó Murchú, Máirtín Spearman, Thomas David Carey, Martin C. O’Neill, Luke A.J. Spencer, Brian Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca O’Regan, Ronan Gerard Spillane, William James Charles-Edwards, Thomas O’Reilly, Francis J. Stalley, Roger Andrew Coles, John Morton O’Reilly, Jennifer Steer, Martin William Cunliffe, Barry Ó Riain, Pádraig Seosamh Stewart, J.A. Carson Dahrendorf, Lord Ralf Ó Riordáin, Antoine Breandán Strain, John Joseph (Séan) Dalgarno, Alexander O’Rourke, Fergus J. Sutherland, Peter Denis Devine, Thomas M. O’Sullivan, Denis Francis Sweetman, Patrick David Dewey, John Frederick O’Sullivan, Gerard D. Dowling, Patrick J. O’Sullivan, William Ivo Takahashi, Yasushi Ericksen, Jerald L. Osborough, William Nial Taylor, Kenneth Thomas Andrew Evans, D. Ellis Ottewill, Adrian Christopher Tchrakian, Tigran Hakop Flannery, Martin Raymond Teegan, John Pentony Flowers, Brian Hilton Parnas, David Lorge Thornhill, Don Frame, Robert (Robin) Ferris Phillips, John Roland Seymour Tinney, Sheila C. Franke, Herbert

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APPENDIX II—COUNCIL & EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

(Corrected to August 2008)

PRESIDENT: Nicholas P. Canny Mary E. Daly, Vice-President Marie Therese Flanagan, International Relations Secretary COMMITTEE OF SCIENCE: Peter D. Harbison, Honorary Academic Editor Séamus MacMathúna Thomas J. Brazil Andrew D.H. Mayes John Corish, Treasurer Brendan O Donoghue, Vice-President Dervilla M.X. Donnelly Anngret Simms David J. Fegan, Senior Vice-President Barbara Wright Anthony F. Hegarty Michael B. Jones Executive Committee 2008–09: T. Brian H. McMurry Peter I. Mitchell, Science Secretary The President: Professor Nicholas P. Canny Anthony G. O’Farrell The Senior Vice-President: Professor David J. Fegan Fergal O’Gara, Vice-President The Treasurer: Professor John Corish Jagdish Vij The Secretary: Professor Howard B. Clarke The PL&A Secretary: Professor Jane Conroy COMMITTEE OF POLITE LITERATURE AND ANTIQUITIES: The Science Secretary: Professor Peter I. Mitchell The International Relations Secretary: Professor Marie Therese Flanagan Howard B. Clarke, Secretary The Executive Secretary: Mr Patrick Buckley Jane Conroy, PL&A Secretary The Staff Representative: Ms Siobhán Fitzpatrick

APPENDIX III—ACADEMY COMMITTEES

(Corrected to August 2008)

Dr C. O’Sullivan Dr H. Lewis SCIENCE COMMITTEES Dr P. Papakonstantinou Professor P. McHugh (2007–08) Dr A. Prina-Mello Dr S. McLoone (Secretary) Professor T. Ray Dr N. Murphy ASTRONOMY AND SPACE RESEARCH Dr B. Smyth Professor B. Norton Programme Manager: Ms G. Clarke Mr F. Turpin Professor P. O’Donoghue Professor M. Bailey Ms A. Walsh Professor D. O’Mahony Dr P. Callanan Mr J. Power L. Drury CLIMATE CHANGE Dr D. Gabuzda Programme Manager: Ms R. Gageby GEOGRAPHY Dr L. Hanlon Mr M. Adamson Programme Manager: Ms G. Clarke B. McBreen (Chair) R. Bates Dr J. Brady Dr F. McGroarty Ms V. Cummins A. Buttimer Professor E. Meurs Mr R. Fealy Dr C. Dalton Mr T. Moseley Professor M. Jones Professor B. Graham Professor A. Murphy Dr F. McGovern Mr J. Hourihane Dr C. O’Sullivan Mr R. McGrath Mr M. Kavanagh M. Redfern (Secretary) Dr G. Mills Dr M. Keane Dr M. Redman Mr D. Moore Ms F. Lawler Dr B. Rodgers Mr G. Nolan Mr P. Lydon Dr A. Shearer Dr F. O’Mara Dr S. McDowell Dr A. Ó Rodaighe (Secretary) Ms S. McLoughlin CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES Professor J. Patching Dr G. Mills Programme Manager: Ms S. Breathnach Ms S. Scott Dr N. Moore Ms M. Aylward Mr T. Sheridan (Chair) Professor P. O’Flanagan Dr S. Bell Dr J. Sweeney Dr D. Pringle (Chair) Dr E. Cashell Professor D. Taylor Dr M. Punch Dr P. Childs S. Royle (Secretary) C. Dainty ENGINEERING SCIENCES A. Simms Dr P. Ennis Programme Manager: Ms G. Clarke Professor U. Strohmayer A.F. Hegarty Professor C. Armstrong Professor D. Taylor Professor M. Henry (Secretary) T.J. Brazil Dr W.P. Warren Dr M. Hopkins Professor R. Clarke J. Kelly (Chair) W.T. Coffey GEOSCIENCES Dr D. Leech J. Fitzpatrick (Chair) Programme Manager: Ms V. Carswell Professor A. Maguire Dr R. Kavanagh Professor M. Bailey Mr M. Moran Dr P. Kieran Mr D. Ball

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Dr C. Bean Dr J.J. Grannell COISTE LÉANN NA GAEILGE Dr M. Cowan Professor J. Haslett Programme Manager: Ms S. Breathnach Dr C. Coxon Professor K. Houston P. Breatnach Dr C. Dalton Professor T. Hurley An tOllamh M. Mac Craith Dr E. Daly T.J. Laffey An Dr L. Mac Mathúna Mr G. Earls (Chair) W. Nahm An tOllamh S. Mac Mathúna Professor J. Gamble Professor S. O’Brien An Dr S. Mac Muirí Dr D. Lewis Professor J. O’Donoghue An Dr L. Mac Peaircín Dr P. McArdle Professor P. O’Donoghue An Dr M. McKenna Dr J. Menuge (Secretary) A.G. O’Farrell An tOllamh D.P.B. McManus Mr E. Moran Dr F. O’Rourke An A. Nic Dhonnchadha Dr A. Ó Rodaighe Dr A. O’Shea (Secretary) An tOllamh P. Ó Baoill Dr M. Parkes Dr S. Ryan An Dr B. Ó Catháin Dr I.S. Sanders Mr L. Sayers An Dr C. Ó Coigligh P.M. Shannon Dr R. Watson (Chair) An Dr P. Ó Flatharta An Dr É. Ó hÓgáin HISTORY OF IRISH SCIENCE RADIO SCIENCE (URSI) An tOllamh M. Ó Murchú Programme Manager: Ms V. Carswell Programme Manager: Ms G. Clarke An Dr E. Ó Súilleabháin Ms J. Adelman Dr M. Ammann An Dr P. Riggs (Secretary) P.J. Bowler T.J. Brazil (Chair) An Dr A. Titley (Chair) Dr W.J. Davis Dr C. Brennan An tOllamh S. Watson Dr I. Elliott Dr C. Downing (Secretary) Dr A. Fyfe Dr L. Doyle GREEK AND LATIN Dr M.J. Gorman Professor V. Fusco Programme Manager: Ms V. Carswell J.N. Horne Dr K. McCarthy Dr J. Curran Dr E. Leaney Dr P. Murphy Mr K. Currie Dr P. Lynch Mr R. O’Connor Dr A. Harvey Dr C. Mollan Dr M. O’Droma Dr E. Herring (Secretary) Dr C. Moriarty Mr A.D. Patterson Dr M. Lloyd (Chair) Ms M. Mulvihill Lt Col. T. Roche Dr C. Morris Professor P. O’Gorman M. Sexton Professor M. Mullett Dr J.J. Perez-Camacho (Secretary) J.A.C. Stewart Professor D. Scourfield D. Thorburn Burns Dr S. Swords Ms G. Skelly Dr P.N. Wyse-Jackson (Chair) Dr D. Woods

LIFE SCIENCES HUMANITIES COMMITTEES HISTORICAL SCIENCES Programme Manager: Ms V. Carswell Programme Manager: Ms V. Carswell Professor R.A. Anderson (2007–08) Dr D. Bracken (Secretary) Professor T. Bolger Mr M. Brown Professor M. Comer ARCHAEOLOGY Dr M. Coleman J. Davenport Programme Manager: Ms S. Breathnach M.E. Daly P. Engel (Chair) Professor T.B. Barry Professor P. Gray (Chair) Dr J. Farrar Mr E. Bourke (Secretary) J. Hill B. Harvey G. Cooney Professor K. Jeffery J.J.A. Heffron Dr C. Donnelly Dr M.A. Lyons Professor C. Lee Ms C. Foley Dr E. Magennis Dr J. O’Connor Dr E. Kelly Dr C.I. McGrath Professor K. Ohlendieck (Vice-Chair) Dr A. Lynch (Chair) Dr D. McMahon L. O’Neill Ms S. McCartan Dr H. Morgan Dr F. Regan Dr C. Newman Dr N. Ó Ciosáin B. Rima Dr W. O’Brien Professor S. O’Connell J.F. Roche Ms N. O’Connor E. O’Halpin Professor T. Smith Dr A. O’Sullivan Professor J. Ohlmeyer Dr C. Spillane B. Raftery Dr J. Wilson (Secretary) E. Shee Twohig HISTORY OF IRISH SCIENCE Programme Manager: Ms V. Carswell MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES BIBLICAL AND NEAR EASTERN RELIGIONS Ms J. Adelman Programme Manager: Ms G. Clarke Programme Manager: Ms V. Carswell P.J. Bowler Professor J. Berndt Dr M. El Kaisy-Friemuth Dr W.J. Davis Professor J. Carroll Dr A. Fitzpatrick (Secretary) Dr I. Elliott Dr T. Collins Dr E. Herring Dr A. Fyfe Professor A. Constantin Mr C. Horton (Chair) Dr M.J. Gorman Mr H. Dorgan Dr J. Kearney J.N. Horne Dr P. Eaton Rev. Dr S. O’Connell Dr E. Leaney J.N. Flavin Dr Z. Rodgers Dr P. Lynch Dr D. Gilbert Dr D. Shepherd Dr C. Mollan Dr M. Gilchrist (Vice-Chair) Dr C. Moriarty

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Ms M. Mulvihill Dr L. Rascaroli AUDIT COMMITTEE Professor P. O’Gorman Professor D. Singleton The Secretary (Secretary) Dr J.J. Perez-Camacho (Secretary) Ms M. Thornton Mr R. Long (Chair) D. Thorburn Burns R. Whelan B. O Donoghue Dr P.N. Wyse Jackson (Chair) Professor J. Williams F.J. Smith Mr A. Wilson Mr P. Talbot INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS Programme Manager: Ms S. Breathnach PHILOSOPHY (The Treasurer, Executive Secretary and Head of Professor P.J. Arthur Programme Manager: Ms S. Breathnach Accounts in attendance) Dr E. Connolly Dr H. Bunting Ms J. Donoghue Dr G. Campbell FINANCE & INVESTMENT COMMITTEE Mr N. Dorr Dr G. Casey The President (Chair) Dr J. Doyle (Chair) Dr D. Denby The Treasurer (Secretary) R. Fanning Dr J. Dunne M. Hederman O’Brien G. FitzGerald J.D.G. Evans A.F. Hegarty Col. J. Goulding Dr J. Jansen Professor A. Guelke Dr C. Kavanagh (The Executive Secretary and Head of Accounts in Dr M. Kennedy (Secretary) Dr I. Leask attendance) D.F. Keogh Dr F. Meredith B. Laffan Dr F. Ó Murchadha (Chair) INVESTMENT SUBCOMMITTEE Mr R. Montgomery Dr V. Politis (Secretary) The Treasurer (Chair) E. O’Halpin T.D. Spearman Dr W. Phelan SOCIAL SCIENCES Mr P. Strong Professor G. Quinn Programme Manager: Dr J. Maguire Professor N. Rees V. Borooah (Chair) (The Executive Secretary and Head of Accounts in Dr F. Ribiero de Meneses Professor M. Corcoran attendance) Dr O. Worth D. Dickson T. Garvin POLICY COMMITTEE IRISH LITERATURES IN ENGLISH Dr D. Getty The President (Chair) Programme Manager: Ms V. Carswell A. Hardiman The Secretary T. Brown Ms K. Keaveney The PL&A Secretary Professor B. Caraher Dr K. Lalor (Secretary) The Science Secretary M. Cronin Dr F. Magowan A.F. Hegarty Dr C. Graham Dr O. Quinn I.H. Robertson Dr M. Griffin Dr T. Reidy F.P. Ruane Ms S. Guinness W. Schabas Dr D. Hand (Secretary) Dr K. Sweeney (The Executive Secretary and the Senior Research and D. Kiberd Dr J. Thijssen Policy Officer in attendance) Ms P. Meehan Professor B. Whelan Professor E. Ní Chuilleanáin NORTH–SOUTH TASK FORCE Ms E. Ní Dhuibhne The Senior Vice-President Dr E. O’Brien STANDING COMMITTEES The International Relations Secretary Dr R. O’Dwyer K. Bell Mr G. Patterson As Appointed by Council 19 May 2008 V.K. Borooah Dr A. Roche B. Crossland Dr E. Walshe (Chair) N.J. Gibson Professor R. Welch Committees stood down: M.N. Hayes D.N. Livingstone MODERN LANGUAGE, LITERARY AND CULTURE STUDIES STRATEGIC PLAN 2007 COMMITTEE S. Mac Mathúna (Chair) Programme Manager: Ms V. Carswell A.D.H. Mayes Professor R. Bales HUNT MUSEUM EVALUATION GROUP G. Quigley Ms M. Broderick J. Conroy DIB CONSULTATIVE COMMITTEE (The Head of Communications and Public Affairs in Ms I. Etienne attendance) Ms B. Geraghty (Secretary) New Committees: Professor J. Gillespie ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON THE ASSESSMENT OF CANDI- Dr G. Herlt ACADEMY DIGITAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE DATES FOR MEMBERSHIP Dr M. Krajenbrink The President (Chair) Dr C. Leahy DIGITAL HUMANITIES OBSERVATORY MANAGEMENT BOARD The Senior Vice-President Professor M. McGowan V.K. Borooah Dr E. McKendry DIGITAL HUMANITIES OBSERVATORY CONSULTATIVE T.P.M. Brown Mr M. Ángel Miguel COMMITTEE R.M. Byrne Professor C. O’Brien S.J. Connolly Dr P. Ó Dochartaigh (Chair) ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF IRELAND EXECUTIVE BOARD J. Corish Professor P. O’Donovan M.A. Cronin Dr M. Ó Laoire ORIGINS OF THE IRISH CONSTITUTION EDITORIAL M.D. Guiry Dr C. O’Leary COMMITTEE M.H.B. Hayes

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F.S. Kelly EOIN O’MAHONY BURSARY COMMITTEE E. Colleran M.P. Kennedy The President Professor R.M.M. Crawford B.T. Kinsella The Secretary (Chair) Dr T. Curtis R.E. Whelan Mr C. Lysaght Professor C. Gibson K.H. Wolfe J. McGuire C.V. Holland P.C. Woodman K.B. Nowlan Dr M. Johnson M.B. Jones (The Head of Administration in attendance) (The Head of Research Programmes and International Dr Mary Kelly-Quinn Relations in attendance) Dr F. Mitchell REVIEW COMMITTEE ON HONORARY MEMBERSHIP W.I. Montgomery The President (Chair) MARY ALICE MCNEILL BEQUEST COMMITTEE Dr D. Murray The Treasurer Royal Irish Academy The President Professor J. O’Halloran The Secretary The Secretary Dr M. Sheehy Skeffington The PL&A Secretary The University of Dublin J. Horne Dr S. Waldren The Science Secretary National University of Ireland M.E. Daly M.E.F. Ryan Queen’s University of Belfast F.J. Smith (The Managing Editor of Publications in attendance) J.A. Slevin Linen Hall Library no nomination T.D. Spearman PRIA SECTION C (The Executive Secretary in attendance) Editors: Dr E. Fitzpatrick, J.J. Kelly (The Head of Administration in attendance) Advisory Editor: H.B. Clarke PRAEGER COMMITTEE FOR FIELD NATURAL HISTORY CUNNINGHAM MEDAL COMMITTEE The Treasurer Editorial Board: The President (Chair) Dr M. Brown The President The Senior Vice-President Dr D. Cotton P. Bowler The Secretary Dr D. Doogue P.D. Harbison (Hon. Academic Editor) The Treasurer Professor J. Fives K. Simms The PL&A Secretary Dr T. Harrington R. Stalley The Science Secretary C.V. Holland P.D. Sweetman T.P.M. Brown Mr M. Holmes J. Waddell R.A. More-O’Ferrall Dr K. Irvine Dr B. Whelan Dr M. Jebb (Chair) (The Head of Research Programmes and International Dr M. Kelly Quinn (The Managing Editor of Publications in attendance) Relations in attendance) Professor B.A. Osborne G.S. Sevastopulo IRISH JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES LIBRARY COMMITTEE Dr M. Simms Editors: Professor M.J. Kennedy, Dr M.A. Parkes, Dr The President (Chair) I.S. Sanders The Treasurer (The Programme Manager in attendance) The Secretary Editorial Board: J.R. Bartlett Dr M. Feely M. Clayton EDITORIAL BOARDS Professor K. Higgs M. Cronin C.H. Holland A. Fletcher Honorary Academic Editor Professor B.E. Leake J.J. Kelly P.D. Harbison Dr J.H. Morris E.M. Longley Dr D. Naylor B. O Donoghue PRIA SECTION A: MATHEMATICAL PROCEEDINGS Dr B.M. O’Reilly Editors: T.J. Laffey, Dr M. Mathieu Dr A. Ruffell (The Librarian and Executive Secretary in attendance) Editorial Board: (The Managing Editor of Publications in attendance) PUBLICATION COMMITTEE Professor D.H. Armitage The President Professor R.M. Aron DUBLIN EXCAVATIONS PUBLICATION PROJECT The Treasurer S. Dineen Editorial Board: The Secretary M.A. Hayes The Secretary The Honorary Academic Editor M.L. Newell Mr A. Halpin (Secretary) The Executive Secretary A.G. O’Farrell P.D. Harbison J.J. Kelly Professor I. Raeburn M. Herity M.W. Steer Professor J. Dias Da Silva R. Ó Floinn D.J. Simms B. Raftery (Chair) (The Managing Editor of Publications in attendance) Professor J. Zemánek P.F. Wallace

IT ADVISORY COMMITTEE (The Managing Editor of Publications in attendance) (The Managing Editor of Publications and the The Senior Vice-President (Chair) Executive Secretary in attendance) The Executive Secretary PRIA SECTION B: BIOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENT The Head of Administration Editor: Professor B. Osborne ERIU Head of IT (Secretary) Editors: Dr R. Baumgarten, L. Breatnach, Professor The Librarian Editorial Advisory Board: D. McManus Professor T. Bolger Dr J. Breen (The Managing Editor of Publications in attendance)

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HSIS Institutions: FOCLÓIR NA NUA-GHAEILGE RESEARCH PROJECTS Dr J. Edmond (TCD) Eagarthóir: Dr Ú. Uí Bheirn Dr P. Ell (QUB) Honorary Research Officer: Mr P. Flynn (UCC) Coiste Eagarthóireachta: vacant Dr J. Keating (NUIM) An tUachtarán Dr M.A. Lyons (DCU) G.F. Imbusch ACADEMY DIGITAL RESOURCES (ADR) REVIEW GROUP Mr E. Murphy (NCAD) L. Mac Mathúna The PRTLI Principal Investigator (Chair) Dr R. Sands (UCD) S. Mac Mathúna The President or nominee Ms M. Shaughnessy (NUIG) S. Ó Coileáin (Cathaoirleach) The Director of the DHO or nominee to be appointed (ICHEC) R. Ó hUiginn The ADR Project Leaders to be appointed (UU) B. Ó Madagáin Dr N. Ó Muraíle (The ADR Postdoctoral Fellows in attendance) DICTIONARY OF IRISH BIOGRAPHY Dr Ú. Uí Bheirn (Rúnaí) Editors: A. Clarke, J.R. Fanning, Professor K.T. An tOllamh S. Watson NEW SURVEY OF CLARE ISLAND Hoppen, J. McGuire (Managing Editor), Professor M. The President Murphy, Dr J. Quinn (Executive Editor) Coiste Bainistíochta: The Honorary Research Officer The President Dr J. Breen Editorial Committee: The Honorary Research Officer P. Coxon The Secretary G.F. Imbusch (Chair) Professor G. Doyle The Honorary Research Officer S. Mac Mathúna Dr J. Feehan A. Cosgrove Ms M. Nic Mhaoláin Dr J.R. Graham R. Gillespie S. Ó Coileáin M. Guiry B. O Donoghue (Chair) Dr C. Ó Duibhín Dr M. Jebb P. Ó Riain F.J. Smith Dr T. Kelly R.P. Kernan (The Executive Secretary in attendance) (The Executive Secretary and FNG Managing Editor Mr C. MacCarthaigh in attendance) Mr C. Manning (Secretary) DOCUMENTS ON IRISH FOREIGN POLICY Dr T.K. McCarthy Editors: Ms C. Crowe, J.R. Fanning, Dr M. Kennedy ART AND ARCHITECTURE OF IRELAND Professor A. Myers (Executive Editor), D.F. Keogh, E. O’Halpin M. Steer (Chair & Managing Editor) Executive Board: Mr D. Synnott Editorial Advisory Board (in addition to the Editors): A. Carpenter (General Editor) Royal Irish Academy The Executive Secretary H.B. Clarke (The NSCI Programme Manager in attendance) Department of Foreign Affairs Ms J. Connell B. O Donoghue Mr C. Madden J.A. Slevin (Chair) DIGITAL HUMANITIES OBSERVATORY Ms J. McManus Ms M. Sweeney National Institutions: DHO Management Board Arts Council Royal Irish Academy: (The DIFP Editorial Assistant in attendance) Crawford Art Gallery The President (Chair) Department of Arts, Sports & Tourism The Principal Investigator DICTIONARY OF MEDIEVAL LATIN FROM CELTIC Dublin City Gallery the Hugh Lane The Senior Vice-President SOURCES 400–1200 Hunt Museum Dr J.-C. Desplat (ICHEC) Editor: Dr A. Harvey Irish Architectural Archive Ms L. Mahoney (Dr J. Maguire in her absence) Irish Museum of Modern Art Editorial Board: National Gallery of Ireland HSIS Institutions: The President National Library M. Cronin (DCU) The Honorary Research Officer National Museum of Ireland Professor P. Gray (QUB) Dr D. Howlett (Consultant Editor) Northern Ireland Arts Council Professor M. Kelleher (NUIM) Dr B. Janssens RHA Dr J. McCafferty (UCD) A.D.H. Mayes TCD/Douglas Hyde Gallery Dr H. Morgan (UCC) D. Ó Corráin Ulster Museum Dr A. Ó Corráin (UU) D. Ó Croinín (Chair) D. Ó Cróinín (NUIG) Professor J.-M. Picard Advisory Members: Professor J. Ohlmeyer (TCD) A.B. Scott Professor B. Allen, Paul Mellon Centre for Studies in Professor N. O’Sullivan (NCAD) F.J. Smith British Art Dr P. Curtis, Henry Moore Institute International: RIA/Irish Biblical Association/Brepols Editorial Professor E. Fernie, Director Emeritus, Courtauld Dr P. Doorn (DANS) Advisory Committee: Institute of Art, London Professor W. McCarty (Kings) Dr D. Howlett Dr L. Romary (Max Planck) M. McNamara In attendance: Professor S. Ross (Glasgow) D. Ó Cróinín (Chair) The Executive Secretary Dr T. O’Loughlin Project Administrator (RIA) DHO Consultative Committee A.B. Scott Dr H. Campbell (UCD) Royal Irish Academy: Dr N. Figgis (UCD) The Director of the DHO (Chair) Observers: R. Loeber The Principal Investigator Professor L. De Coninck Dr R. Moss (TCD) A representative of ADR Dr B. Janssens

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Dr P. Murphy (UCD) Editorial Committee: IRISH NATURALISTS’ JOURNAL, BOARD OF DIRECTORS Mr P. Murray (Crawford Gallery) The Honorary Research Officer G.D. Sevastopulo Ms S. Salvesen (YUP) Professor T.B. Barry Mr J. Bradley LISTER INSTITUTE OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE, COUNCIL ORIGINS OF THE IRISH CONSTITUTION Mr M. Brand R.G. O’Regan Editorial Committee: Ms M. Clark The President Mr M. Cory MEDICAL COUNCIL OF IRELAND The Secretary M.E. Daly J.A. Slevin Ms C. Crowe Mr Iain Greenway M.E. Daly Mr R. Haworth NATIONAL GALLERY OF IRELAND, BOARD OF GOVERNORS J.R. Fanning Dr A.A. Horner The President Ms F. Flanagan Mr R. Kirwan D. Gleeson Dr P. Robinson QUEEN’S UNIVERSITY BELFAST, BOARD OF THE A. Hardiman K. Simms INSTITUTE OF IRISH STUDIES Dr G. Hogan (Director) Dr M. Stout J.R. Fanning Mr Justice R. Keane (Chair) Mr M.C. Walsh Dr M. Kennedy Professor K. Whelan UNIVERSITY OF ULSTER, COURT OF THE UNIVERSITY D.F. Keogh N.J. Gibson Mr D. O’Donnell (The IHTA Project Administrator in attendance) E. O’Halpin Professor G. Whyte ACADEMY REPRESENTATIVES TO (The Executive Secretary and the OIC Project Research Assistant in attendance) EXTERNAL BODIES 2008–09

IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS DUBLIN INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED STUDIES, COUNCIL Cartographic Editor: Ms Sarah Gearty The President

Editors: J.H. Andrews (Consultant Editor), INSTITUTE OF EUROPEAN AFFAIRS, BOARD H.B. Clarke, R. Gillespie, Dr J. Prunty, E.M. Meehan A. Simms (Chair)

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APPENDIX IV—ACADEMY STAFF (Corrected to August 2008)

ACADEMY DIGITAL RESOURCES FOCLÓIR NA NUA-GHAEILGE St Patrick’s Confessio Hypertext Stack Project Dr Úna Uí Bheirn Eagarthóir Dr Franz Fischer Postdoctoral Researcher Déirdre D’Auria Eagarthóir Cúnta Eilís Ní Mhearraí Oifigeach Riaracháin/Cóipeagarthóir Doegen Records Web Project Mr Eoghan Ó Raghallaigh Postdoctoral Researcher FOCLÓIR NA NUA-GHAEILGE—AN CHARRAIG Dr Eithne Ní Ghallchobhair Eagarthóir Cúnta ACCOUNTS Cáit Mhac Fhionnlaoich Bainisteoir Ms Lesley Goulding Head of Accounts Gréagóir Mac Giolla Easbuig Ionchuradóir/Cóipcheartaitheoir Mrs Iyabode Adeyeni Assistant Accounts Officer Máire Mhic Fhionnlaoich Próiseálaí Téacsanna Ms Lisa Doyle Assistant Accounts Officer Bernadette Ní Cheallaigh Próiseálaí Téacsanna Niall Ó Ceallaigh Próiseálaí Téacsanna ADMINISTRATION Nóra Uí Ghallchóir Próiseálaí Téacsanna Mr Patrick Buckley Executive Secretary Caroline Uí Ludhóg Próiseálaí Téacsanna Ms Sara Whelan Head of Administration Ms Rebecca Gageby Senior Programme Manager HUMAN RESOURCES Ms Vanessa Carswell Programme Manager Mrs Róisín Quigley Human Resources Officer Ms Gillian Clarke Programme Manager Mrs Caroline Haughey Human Resources Assistant Ms Karen Ayton Senior Executive Assistant Ms Marion Deegan Senior Executive Assistant IRISH HISTORIC TOWNS ATLAS Ms Aideen Hogan Senior Executive Assistant (On career break) Ms Sarah Gearty Cartographic Editor & Project Administrator Ms Caroline McCormack Senior Executive Assistant Ms Angela Murphy Editorial Assistant Mrs Gerardine McLean Senior Executive Assistant (On career break) Ms Angela Byrne Research Assistant Ms Anisa Brennan Executive Assistant Ms Jennifer Moore Research Assistant Ms Orfhlaith Flynn Executive Assistant IT COMMUNICATIONS AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS Mr Wayne Aherne Head of IT Mr Pauric Dempsey Head of Communications and Public Affairs Mr Alan Jacob Senior IT Support Specialist Ms Aoife McMonagle Media & Marketing Assistant Mr David Martin IT Support Specialist Mrs Maura Matthews Webmaster DICTIONARY OF IRISH BIOGRAPHY Ms Denise Kiame IT Assistant (Fas) Mr James McGuire Managing Editor Dr James Quinn Executive Editor LIBRARY Dr Linde Lunney Editorial Secretary Ms Siobhán Fitzpatrick Librarian Dr Patrick Maume Editorial Assistant Dr Bernadette Cunningham Deputy Librarian Dr Turlough O’Riordan Research & Editorial Assistant Ms Petra Schnabel Deputy Librarian Mr Lawrence White Research & Editorial Assistant Ms Amy Hughes Assistant Librarian Mr Terry Clavin Editorial Assistant & Administrator Ms Sophie Evans Cataloguer Mr Richard Hawkins Research Assistant & Copy Editor Mr Mark Sayers Cataloguer Mr Antoine Mac Gaoithín Library Assistant DICTIONARY OF MEDIEVAL LATIN FROM CELTIC SOURCES Mr Dave McKeon Library Assistant Dr Anthony Harvey Editor Mr Karl Vogelsang Library Assistant Mrs Angela Malthouse Project Assistant Ms Dymphna Moore Senior Executive Assistant Ms Jane Power Project Assistant ORIGINS OF THE IRISH CONSTITUTION DIGITAL HUMANITIES OBSERVATORY Mr Eoin Kinsella Research Assistant Dr Susan Schreibman Director Mr Don Gourley IT Manager POLICY RESEARCH Mr Shawn Day Humanities Specialist Ms Sinéad Riordan Senior Research Policy Officer Ms Róisín Clarke Project Administrator Dr Nessa O’Mahoney Project Manager Communications PUBLICATIONS OFFICE Ms Ruth Hegarty Managing Editor of Publications DOCUMENTS ON IRISH FOREIGN POLICY Ms Roisín Jones Assistant Editor Dr Michael Kennedy Executive Editor Ms Helena King Assistant Editor Dr Kate O’Malley Assistant Editor Ms Léan Ní Chuilleanáin Assistant Editor Mr John Paul Owens Assistant Editor FACILITIES Ms Lucy Hogan Production Editor Mr Hugh Shiels Facilities Manager Ms Fidelma Slattery Graphic Designer Mr Paul Brady Ms Jennifer Berg Publications Assistant (Intern) Mrs Teresa Brady Mr Trevor Mullins Publications Assistant Ms Annette Manning Mr Paul Mitchell RESEARCH PROGRAMMES AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Mr Gearóid Mac Duinnshléibhe Caretaker Ms Laura Mahoney Head of Research and International Relations Dr John Maguire Programme Manager

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APPENDIX V—SUMMARY OF ACCOUNTS FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31 DECEMBER 2007

General Purposes Current Account*

Income €

Grant-in-aid 3,672,000 Entrance fees & Members’ subscriptions 28,155 Sale of publications 161,624 Sale of proceedings 26,215 Miscellaneous 170,354 Brought forward from previous year 185,775 Room rental 25,817 Department of the Gaeltacht 138,944

Total Income 4,408,884

Direct Expenditure

Audit, law, bank, professional charges 45,782 Fuel & light 29,274 Furniture, equipment & household 38,425 Discourses 16,822 Miscellaneous 57,611 General insurances 10,648 Information technology 79,230 Supplementary pensions 140,619 Postage and telephone 57,903 Printing administrative 16,405 Salaries & wages 1,323,769 Stationery & office equipment 54,879 Training & consultancy 82,656

Total 1,954,023

Allocations to Special Accounts

International Unions & General Assemblies account 41,209 Library account 549,002 Print Proceedings account 354,335 General Publications account 150,674 Foclóir na Nua-Gaeilge account 522,141 Celtic Latin Dictionary account 104,324 International Exchanges & Fellowships account 26,152 Historic Towns Atlas account 158,484 Dictionary of Irish Biography account 428,618 Documents in Irish Foreign Policy account 8,275

Total of Allocations 2,343,214

Total of Expenditure 4,297,237

Income 4,408,884 Expenditure 4,297,237

Surplus/Deficit EOY 111,647

*The above accounts are shown on a cash receipts basis. Under the provisions of the Comptroller and Auditor-General (Amendment) Act 1993, the Academy’s accounts are subject to audit on an accruals basis by the Comptroller and Auditor-General.

The Academy’s audited accounts for 2007 had not been received by the Academy from the Comptroller and Auditor-General’s Office up to the date of the Annual Report going to print.