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Recent Publications on Asian Elephants News and Briefs Gajah 52 (2020) 64-80 Recent Publications on Asian Elephants Compiled by Jennifer Pastorini Centre for Conservation and Research, Tissamaharama, Sri Lanka Anthropologisches Institut, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] If you need additional information on any of the region for elephants, the forest is ‘degrading’ articles, please feel free to contact me. You can drastically that will have a far-reaching impact also let me know about new (2020) publications on the long-term conservation of elephants in on Asian elephants. the NEG. Similarly, human-elephant confict is on the rise and it is one of the biggest threats to T.D. Allendorf, B. Gurung, S. Poudel, S. Dahal the conservation of elephants and the well-being & S. Thapa of rural communities in Wayanad. In this article Using community knowledge to identify we identify the current conservation issues potential hotspots of mammal diversity in and recommend future management of Asian southeastern Nepal elephants and their habitat in Wayanad. Biodiversity and Conservation 29 (2020) 933- 946 L. Baker & R. Winkler Abstract. No permission to print the abstract. Asian elephant rescue, rehabilitation and rewilding N.R. Anoop & T. Ganesh Animal Sentience 5 (28) (2020) e296 The forests and elephants of Wayanad: Abstract. Thailand has fewer than 10,000 Challenges for future conservation elephants left. More of them are living in captivity Current Science 118 (2020) 362-367 to serve the tourist industry under grim conditions Abstract. The Wayanad district of Kerala, than are living free in what is left of their wild India, is an important conservation and cultural habitat. Conservation efforts need to be focused landscape located in the Western Ghats on all surviving members of the species, captive biodiversity hotspot. It is a slightly east-sloping and free, but they need to take into account plateau with a unique geographical feature of the inextricable entanglement of human and small rolling hills interspersed with low-lying nonhuman animal lives in Thailand today. There swamps and meandering streams. Extensive is an opportunity for rescuing, rehabilitating and deforestation that occurred in the last century reintroducing captive elephants to the wild with has severely fragmented and degraded the forest the help of the traditional expertise of a mahout of Wayanad, leaving it as a mosaic of forests, culture that has been elephant-keeping for wetlands, croplands and towns. The remaining centuries. We advocate a state of wildness that is forests in Wayanad are part of the Brahmagiri- meaningful to the elephants and can be attained Nilgiri-Eastern Ghats Elephant Landscape in a way in which both elephant and human (NEG), which holds the single largest contiguous cultures are valued. This would be far better than population of Asian elephants globally. The the status quo for the elephants, restoring to them NEG is prone to seasonal fuctuation in resource a life worth living. availability, where a large tract of dry forest reduces its carrying capacity for elephants during P. Bansiddhi, J.L. Brown, C. Thitaram, V. Punya- summer. The Wayanad forests are a critical pornwithaya & K. Nganvongpanit microhabitat for elephants in the NEG due to Elephant tourism in Thailand: A review of availability of fodder and perennial water sources animal welfare practices and needs during summer. Despite the importance of this Journal of Applied Animal Welfare Science 23 64 (2020) 164-177 elephants (Elephas maximus) to determine if Abstract. Elephant tourism in Thailand has they demonstrate innovative problem solving or developed into an important socio-economic social learning. One elephant solved the task on factor after a logging ban initiated in 1989 her own. Additionally, elephants at one zoo that resulted in thousands of out-of-work elephants. observed a conspecifc solve the task exhibited However, the welfare of captive elephants has increased interest in the task compared to been a topic of intense debate among tourists, baseline elephants, demonstrating social learning scientists and stakeholders because of the range via stimulus enhancement. Asian elephants are of working conditions and management practices capable of learning to use water as a tool, but the to which they are exposed. The aim of this paper cognitive abilities underpinning their ability to is to summarize the current state of knowledge solve the foating object task remain unclear. Our on captive elephant welfare, with an emphasis fndings may bolster support for the convergent on tourist elephants in Thailand, and highlight cognitive evolution of problem solving in information gaps and recommendations for future elephants and apes, but further research using directions. Tourist-oriented elephant camps additional paradigms is needed. could improve the welfare of elephants through better management practices that take into S. Biswas, S. Bhatt, S. Paul, S. Modi, T. Ghosh, account physiological and psychological needs B. Habib, P. Nigam, G. Talukdar, B. Pandav & S. of individual animals, including meeting social Mondol and nutritional requirements, providing good A practive faeces collection protocol for health care, and maintaining adequate facilities. multidisciplinary research in wildlife science Our goal is to develop science-based guidelines Current Science 116 (2019) 1878-1885 that government agencies can use to develop Abstract. Faecal samples have become an an enforceable set of practical regulations to important non- invasive source of information in ensure good management of tourist elephants in wildlife biology and ecological research. Despite Thailand. © 2019 Informa UK Limited. regular use of faeces, there is no universal protocol available for faeces collection and storage to L.P. Barrett & S. Benson-Amram answer various questions in wildlife biology. Can Asian elephants use water as a tool in the In this study we collected 1408 faeces from ten foating object task? different species using a dry sampling approach, Animal Behavior and Cognition 7 (2020) 310- and achieved 77.49% and 75.25% success rate in 326 mitochondrial and nuclear marker amplifcations Abstract. One of the greatest challenges in respectively. We suggest a universal framework comparative cognition is to design tasks that to use the same samples to answer different accurately assess cognitive abilities across a questions. This protocol provides an easy, quick diverse set of taxa with differing morphologies and cheap option to collect non-invasive samples and behaviors. The foating object task was from species living in different environmental designed to test insightful problem solving via conditions to answer multidisciplinary questions water tool use in animals but so far has been in wildlife biology. tested only in primates. In the foating object task, animals add water to a tube in order to H.M. Chel, R. Nakao, N. Ohsawa, Z.M. Oo, N. reach a foating food reward. A similar task, the Nonaka & K. Katakura Aesop’s fable task, which is solved by adding First record and analysis of the COI gene of stones to the tube, has been used with corvids Cobboldia elephantis obtained from a captive and raccoons in addition to human children. Asian elephant from Myanmar Elephants are considered to exhibit complex Parasitology International 75 (2020) e102035 cognitive abilities on par with primates, and they Abstract. The stomach bot fy species in Asian possess a prehensile trunk appendage well-suited elephants has long been known as Cobboldia for tests of water tool use. Here, we presented elephantis. However, there is no genetic the foating object task to 12 zoo-housed Asian information available for this species to date. 65 Here, we report that a third-instar fy larva was main part of the Chandaka Sanctuary and its near- excreted from a captive Asian elephant four detached reserved forests in Jagannathprasad- months after export from an elephant camp Bharatpur, the study recommends removal of feral in Myanmar to a zoological garden in Japan. cattle, extensive plantations, and construction Morphological characteristics of the larva were of a fy-over for vehicular traffc. © 2020 The coincident with published descriptions of C. Authors. elephantis. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene was amplifed from N. Ertl, P. Wendler, E. Sós, M. Flügger, F. the larva by PCR using primers modifed from Schneeweis, C. Schiffmann, J.-M. Hatt & M. those designed for DNA barcoding of insects Clauss and amphibians. The COI gene of C. elephantis Theory of medical scoring systems and a showed 76.6 % and 83.6 % identity at the practical method to evaluate Asian elephant nucleotide and amino acid levels, respectively, to (Elephas maximus) foot health in European that of C. loxodontis, the stomach bot fy species zoos in African elephants. Phylogenetic analysis of Animal Welfare 29 (2020) 163-176 the COI genes of several stomach bot fy species Abstract. Several established models in human revealed that the two Cobboldia species formed and veterinary medicine exist to evaluate an a clade separate from the stomach bot fy species individual health or disease status. Many of these found in rhinoceros and equids. © 2019 Reprinted seem unsuitable for further epidemiological with permission from Elsevier. research aimed at discovering underlying infuential factors. As a case example for score S. Debata & K.K. Swain development and choice, the present study analyses Mammalian fauna in an urban in uenced zone different approaches to
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