Ecodefense: a Field Guide to Monkeywrenching

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Ecodefense: a Field Guide to Monkeywrenching Ecodefense: A Field Guide to Monkeywrenching Various Authors 1993 Contents Introduction to the Third Edition 14 Forward! 17 Chapter 1: Strategic Monkeywrenching 20 Postscript (1993) 26 Chapter 2: The Future of Monkeywrenching 27 Chapter 3: Developments 31 Tree Spiking 33 When to Spike Trees ........................................ 35 Basic Spiking Techniques ..................................... 37 Field Notes .......................................... 38 Advanced Tree Spiking Techniques ............................... 41 Field Notes .......................................... 42 Spiking Security .......................................... 43 Federal Anti-Spiking Legislation ................................. 43 Field Note .......................................... 46 Tree Pinning: The Art of Silent Spiking 47 Equipment ............................................. 47 Pinning ............................................... 48 Targets ............................................... 48 Field Notes .......................................... 48 Other Pinning Techniques ..................................... 49 Super Pins .......................................... 49 An Advanced Tree Pinning Technique ........................... 51 The Increment Borer ........................................ 52 Field Note .......................................... 52 2 Ceramic Spikes 53 Foiling the Detectors: Non-Metallic Tree Spikes ........................ 53 Inserting Ceramic Tree Spikes .................................. 56 Field Notes .......................................... 57 Rock Spikes 59 Hard Rock vs. Heavy Metal: Quartz Tree Pins .......................... 59 Equipment ............................................. 59 Rock Types ............................................. 60 Lower Cost Alternatives ...................................... 60 Field Notes .......................................... 62 Plastic and Wood Pulp: The Monkeywrencher’s Dream? 64 Non-Destructive Stopping of Logging 66 Survey Stakes ........................................... 66 Roads ............................................. 68 Construction Sites ...................................... 72 Miscellaneous ........................................ 73 Field Notes .......................................... 74 Mining 76 Field Notes .......................................... 76 Powerlines 77 Field Notes .......................................... 79 Seismographic Lines 81 How Seismic Survey Crews Work ................................ 81 Monkeywrenching Seismic Operations ............................. 85 Field Note .......................................... 86 Plugging Waste Discharge Pipes 87 Choosing Targets ......................................... 87 Plugging A Pipe .......................................... 88 Helpful Hints ............................................ 88 Safety ................................................ 90 Security ............................................... 90 Field Notes .......................................... 91 Hydro Plant Flood Gates ..................................... 91 Grazing 92 Salt Blocks ............................................. 93 Water Developments ....................................... 94 Cutting Fence ........................................... 96 Ranching Equipment and Machinery ............................... 98 3 Miscellaneous ........................................... 99 Field Notes .......................................... 99 Cautionary Notes About Monkeywrenching Grazing . 100 Chapter 4: Roads and Tire 102 Road Spiking 104 Obtaining the Materials ...................................... 104 Expedient Method of Cutting Stakes ............................... 105 Building a Jig ......................................... 105 Using an Acetylene Torch .................................. 105 Emplacing the Stakes ....................................... 105 Where to Place Road Spikes .................................... 105 Field Notes .......................................... 110 An Alternative Spike Driver ................................... 111 Advanced Road Spiking ...................................... 111 Spikeboards and Nailboards 114 Field Notes .......................................... 114 How to Make Caltrops 116 Field Notes .......................................... 117 Other Tire Flattening Methods 120 Roofing Nails ............................................ 120 Field Note .......................................... 120 Finishing Nails ........................................... 120 Valve Core Extractor ........................................ 121 Railroad Spike/Tie Plate Trap ................................... 121 Field Note .......................................... 122 Slashing Tires ........................................... 122 Field Notes .......................................... 123 Snowmobiles 124 Field Notes .......................................... 124 Closing Roads 126 Tools ................................................ 126 Undercutting a Bank ........................................ 127 Removing the Roadbed ...................................... 127 Culverts ............................................... 128 Bridges ............................................... 128 Field Notes .......................................... 129 Plugging Culverts 131 4 Chapter 5: Vehicles and Heavy Equipment 135 Disabling Motor Vehicles of All Kinds 137 Heavy Equipment 139 Basic Tool Kit ............................................ 139 Abrasives .............................................. 141 Gaining Access ........................................... 143 Oil-Access Points .......................................... 144 Lubrication Points ......................................... 151 Selection of Abrasives ....................................... 153 Field Notes .......................................... 153 Other Sabotage Methods ..................................... 157 Field Note .......................................... 160 Trucks ................................................ 160 Related Targets ........................................... 160 Security And Heavy Equipment ................................. 162 Field Notes .......................................... 162 Cutting Torch 164 Field Notes .......................................... 165 Burning Machinery 166 Pros And Cons Of Burning .................................... 166 Igniting Machinery ........................................ 166 Preparing A Machine For Burning ................................ 167 Getting Diesel Fuel ......................................... 167 Security ............................................... 167 Delayed Ignition .......................................... 168 Water craft ............................................. 169 Aircraft 170 Helicopters ............................................. 170 Fixed-Wing Aircraft ........................................ 170 Sabotaging Light Planes ...................................... 171 Advanced Aircraft Ecotage .................................... 172 Field Notes .......................................... 173 Vehicle Modifications for the Serious Monkeywrencher 174 Part One: Electrical ........................................ 174 Dome Lights ......................................... 174 Auxiliary Headlight ..................................... 174 Brake Light Lock-out .................................... 174 Back-up Lights ........................................ 176 Coil Lock-out System .................................... 176 Part Two: Fuel Systems ...................................... 176 5 Water And Big Yellow Machines 179 Field Notes .......................................... 179 Chapter 6: Animal Defense 181 Trap Lines 183 Where to Find Traps and Trap Lines ............................... 185 Typical Trap Sets .......................................... 186 Trap Line Sabotage ........................................ 190 Handling Trapped Animals 193 Simple Noose Sticks ........................................ 193 The Ecodefense Deluxe Noose Pole ................................ 195 Using The Noose Pole: ....................................... 196 Special Release Problems. ..................................... 196 Field Notes .......................................... 199 The Trap Line In Snow ...................................... 200 Snares ................................................ 202 Coyote Getter 203 Snares 204 Field Notes .......................................... 204 Fence Cutting 205 In Your Neighborhood ....................................... 205 Just Passing Through ....................................... 206 Animal Enterprise Protection Act ................................ 206 Chapter 7: Miscellaneous Deviltry 207 Urban Monkeywrenching 209 Attack on an Urban Residence .................................. 210 Private Automobiles. ........................................ 210 Attacks on Corporate Offices ................................... 211 The “Daring Daylight Raid” .................................... 211 Fun With Slingshots 214 Field Notes .......................................... 214 Condo Trashing 216 Field Note .......................................... 216 6 Computer Sabotage 217 Hardware Sabotage ........................................ 217 Field Notes .......................................... 219 Records Sabotage ......................................... 219 Field Notes .......................................... 220 Software Sabotage ........................................
Recommended publications
  • Logging Songs of the Pacific Northwest: a Study of Three Contemporary Artists Leslie A
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2007 Logging Songs of the Pacific Northwest: A Study of Three Contemporary Artists Leslie A. Johnson Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF MUSIC LOGGING SONGS OF THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST: A STUDY OF THREE CONTEMPORARY ARTISTS By LESLIE A. JOHNSON A Thesis submitted to the College of Music in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Music Degree Awarded: Spring Semester, 2007 The members of the Committee approve the Thesis of Leslie A. Johnson defended on March 28, 2007. _____________________________ Charles E. Brewer Professor Directing Thesis _____________________________ Denise Von Glahn Committee Member ` _____________________________ Karyl Louwenaar-Lueck Committee Member The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank those who have helped me with this manuscript and my academic career: my parents, grandparents, other family members and friends for their support; a handful of really good teachers from every educational and professional venture thus far, including my committee members at The Florida State University; a variety of resources for the project, including Dr. Jens Lund from Olympia, Washington; and the subjects themselves and their associates. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Forestry Materials Forest Types and Treatments
    -- - Forestry Materials Forest Types and Treatments mericans are looking to their forests today for more benefits than r ·~~.'~;:_~B~:;. A ever before-recreation, watershed protection, wildlife, timber, "'--;':r: .";'C: wilderness. Foresters are often able to enhance production of these bene- fits. This book features forestry techniques that are helping to achieve .,;~~.~...t& the American dream for the forest. , ~- ,.- The story is for landolVners, which means it is for everyone. Millions . .~: of Americans own individual tracts of woodland, many have shares in companies that manage forests, and all OWII the public lands managed by government agencies. The forestry profession exists to help all these landowners obtain the benefits they want from forests; but forests have limits. Like all living things, trees are restricted in what they can do and where they can exist. A tree that needs well-drained soil cannot thrive in a marsh. If seeds re- quire bare soil for germination, no amount of urging will get a seedling established on a pile of leaves. The fOllOwing pages describe th.: ways in which stands of trees can be grown under commonly Occllrring forest conditions ill the United States. Originating, growing, and tending stands of trees is called silvicllllllr~ \ I, 'R"7'" -, l'l;l.f\ .. (silva is the Latin word for forest). Without exaggeration, silviculture is the heartbeat of forestry. It is essential when humans wish to manage the forests-to accelerate the production or wildlife, timber, forage, or to in- / crease recreation and watershed values. Of course, some benerits- t • wilderness, a prime example-require that trees be left alone to pursue their' OWII destiny.
    [Show full text]
  • Response of Nesting Northern Goshawks to Logging Truck Noise Kaibab National Forest, Arizona
    RESPONSE OF NESTING NORTHERN GOSHAWKS TO LOGGING TRUCK NOISE KAIBAB NATIONAL FOREST, ARIZONA Teryl G. Grubb U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Flagstaff, Arizona Angela E. Gatto 8 May 2012 U.S. Forest Service North Kaibab Ranger District Kaibab National Forest Fredonia, Arizona Larry L. Pater Noise Consultant Champaign, Illinois David K. Delaney U.S. Army Research and Development Center Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Champaign, Illinois RESPONSE OF NESTING NORTHERN GOSHAWKS TO LOGGING TRUCK NOISE KAIBAB NATIONAL FOREST, ARIZONA Teryl G. Grubb U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station Flagstaff, Arizona Angela E. Gatto U.S. Forest Service North Kaibab Ranger District Kaibab National Forest Fredonia, Arizona Larry L. Pater Noise Consultant Champaign, Illinois David K. Delaney U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Construction Engineering Research Laboratory Champaign, Illinois Final Report to Southwest Region (R-3) U.S. Forest Service 8 May 2012 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY At present log hauling is categorically precluded from northern goshawk (Accipter gentilis) post- fledging family areas (PFAs) on the Kaibab Plateau to the detriment of efficient U. S. Forest Service contract logging. The goal of the current research was to test sufficiently with a logging truck hauling near actively nesting goshawks to establish critical thresholds for distance and noise levels, as well as assess current levels of frequency/duration/timing, i.e., concentration of exposure. Collaboration with U.S. Forest Service Rocky Mountain Research Station (RMRS) and U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center/Construction Engineering Research Laboratory (ERDC/CERL) brought wildlife and acoustical expertise, as well as sophisticated, professional grade, recording equipment to the project.
    [Show full text]
  • Design Vehicle Configuration Analysis and CSA-S6-00 Implication Evaluation Phase II
    BUCKLAND & TAYLOR LTD. Bridge Engineering MINISTRY OF FORESTS Design Vehicle Configuration Analysis and CSA-S6-00 Implication Evaluation Phase II 2003 November 19 Our Ref: 1579 Prepared by: Darrel P. Gagnon, P.Eng. Reviewed by: Peter G. Buckland, P.Eng. BUCKLAND & TAYLOR LTD. 101-788 Harbourside Drive North Vancouver, BC, Canada V7P 3R7 Tel: (604) 986-1222 Fax: (604) 986-1302 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.b-t.com W:\1579\Phase II Final Report\Title.fm BUCKLAND & TAYLOR LTD. Bridge Engineering Executive Summary The Ministry of Forests (BCMoF) had previously commissioned Buckland & Taylor Ltd. to conduct of review of the Forest Service Bridge Design and Construction Manual and CAN/ CSA-S6-00 (CHBDC) to determine if the existing BCMoF Design Vehicle configurations are reasonably representative of the logging vehicles now being used in the BC forest industry and if these configurations are appropriate for use with the load factors in CHBDC. A survey of logging truck weights conducted by Forest Engineering Research Institute of Canada (FERIC) provided the base data for this analysis and the results of this study were presented to the BCMoF in a report entitled ’MoF Design Vehicle Configuration Analysis and CSA-S6-00 Implication Evaluation’ dated 2003 January 04 (draft report dated 2002 May 13). Although the report made some recommendations for revisions to the L75 Design Vehicle and corresponding load factors, it was concluded that insufficient data was available to accurately assess the L100, L150 and L165 Design Vehicles or trucks conducting movements of logging equipment. Although truck loadings and bridge design capacity requirements could vary significantly between operationing regions and individual operators, comments received from personnel involved in the industry indicated that most companies were having forestry bridges designed for load levels that exceeded the maximum measured weights of most of the logging trucks.
    [Show full text]
  • A Treemendous Educator Guide
    A TREEmendous Educator Guide Throughout 2011, we invite you to join us in shining a deserving spotlight on some of Earth’s most important, iconic, and heroic organisms: trees. To strengthen efforts to conserve and sustainably manage trees and forests worldwide, the United Nations has declared 2011 as the International Year of Forests. Their declaration provides an excellent platform to increase awareness of the connections between healthy forests, ecosystems, people, and economies and provides us all with an opportunity to become more aware, more inspired, and more committed to act. Today, more than 8,000 tree species—about 10 percent of the world’s total—are threatened with extinction, mostly driven by habitat destruction or overharvesting. Global climate change will certainly cause this number to increase significantly in the years to come. Here at the Garden, we care for many individual at-risk trees (representing 48 species) within our diverse, global collection. Many of these species come from areas of the world where the Garden is working to restore forest ecosystems and the trees in them. Overall, we have nearly 6,000 individual trees in our main Garden, some dating from the time of founder Henry Shaw. Thousands more trees thrive at nearby Shaw Nature Reserve, as part of the Garden’s commitment to native habitat preservation, conservation, and restoration. Regardless of where endangered trees are found—close to home or around the world—their survival requires action by all of us. The Great St. Louis Tree Hunt of 2011 is one such action, encouraging as many people as possible to get out and get connected with the spectacular trees of our region.
    [Show full text]
  • Advanced Timber Bridge Inspection
    Advanced Timber Bridge Inspection Field Manual for Inspection of Minnesota Timber Bridges Natural Resources Research Institute [This page intentionally left blank] ii Acknowledgements Thank you to the following sponsors and project participants for their valuable input in the production of this document. Primary Lead Authors Brian Brashaw, University of Minnesota Duluth Natural Resources Research Institute James Wacker, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory Robert J. Ross, USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory Funding Sponsors: Minnesota Local Road Research Board (LRRB), Contract 99008 WO 62 Iowa Highway Research Board (IHRB) Project Team: University of Minnesota Duluth Natural Resources Research Institute Minnesota Department of Transportation Bridge Office Minnesota Department of Transportation Research Office Iowa State University, Bridge Engineering Center USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory HDR, Inc. Technical Advisory Panel: Project Leaders: Brian Brashaw, University of Minnesota Duluth Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) David Conkel, Minnesota Department of Transportation, State Aid Travis Hosteng, Iowa State University Bridge Engineering Center Chris Werner, HDR Engineering, Inc. James Wacker, USDA Forest Products Laboratory Committee Members: Ahmad Abu-Hawash, Iowa Department of Transportation, Bridges and Structures Matthew Hemmila, St. Louis County (Minnesota) Greg Isakson, Goodhue County (Minnesota) Art Johnston, USDA Forest Service (retired) Brian Keierleber, Buchanan County (Iowa)
    [Show full text]
  • The Writings of James Fenimore Cooper •Fl an Essay Review
    Studies in English, New Series Volume 5 Special American Literature Issue, 1984-1987 Article 15 1984 The Writings of James Fenimore Cooper — An Essay Review Hershel Parker The University of Delaware Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/studies_eng_new Part of the American Literature Commons Recommended Citation Parker, Hershel (1984) "The Writings of James Fenimore Cooper — An Essay Review," Studies in English, New Series: Vol. 5 , Article 15. Available at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/studies_eng_new/vol5/iss1/15 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Studies in English at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Studies in English, New Series by an authorized editor of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Parker: The Writings of James Fenimore Cooper — An Essay Review THE WRITINGS OF JAMES FENIMORE COOPER - AN ESSAY REVIEW HERSHEL PARKER THE UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE Of the nine volumes under review I have already reviewed two, The Pioneers and The Pathfinder, in the September 1981 Nineteenth- Century Fiction. I will not repeat myself much. Working from the outside in, I praise first the dust jackets. The cover illustrations are striking, even gorgeous reproductions of early illustrations of scenes from Cooper’s novels and of scenes he describes in his travel books: for The Pioneers, “Turkey Shoot” by Tompkins H. Matteson; for The Pathfinder, a depiction by F. O. C. Darley of Natty Bumppo and his friends hiding, in Natty’s case not very furtively, from the “accursed Mingos”; for Wyandotte, a depiction by Darley of Nick escorting Major Willoughby and Maud to the Hut; for The Last of the Mohicans a sumptuous reproduction of Thomas Cole’s “Cora Kneeling at the Feet of Tamenund”; for Lionel Lincoln an engraving by John Lodge of a drawing by Miller called “View of the Attack on Bunker’s Hill, with the Burning of Charles Town, June 17, 1775”; for Switzerland the Castle of Spietz, Lake of Thun, by W.
    [Show full text]
  • Common Forestry Terms for the Forest Landowner
    ALABAMA A&M AND AUBURN UNIVERSITIES Common Forestry Terms for the Forest ANR-1373 Landowner ithout a basic understanding of forestry agroforestry terms, it can be difficult to communicate The practice of growing trees and agricultural or W with foresters or buyers of forestland or horticultural crops on the same site. timber. Being well versed in forestry terminology can help landowners feel confident when making • alley cropping management decisions or selling their timber. This The practice of growing crops between rows of glossary is a tool for landowners seeking to define planted trees. ownership objectives, develop management plans, improve their timber stands, or conduct a timber sale. • conservation buffers Using a forestry consultant is highly recommended, The practice of growing trees in rows to alter wind and knowing these terms can help landowners better flow and protect crops, reduce erosion, improve communicate with foresters and understand various irrigation efficiency, improve water quality, and forestry processes. provide habitat for wildlife. • forest farming Forest Management The practice of cultivating or collecting specialty afforestation forest products in the forest environment. Growing trees on land where there were none. • silvopasture Cost-share programs usually require that the land has The practice of grazing livestock among not been in forest for at least several decades. forest trees. ARCHIVE Silvopasture (photo credit: MediaAssociates) www.aces.edu Windrow (Photo credit: Janice Dyer) best management practices (BMPs) overtopping Guidelines to minimize negative impacts on the When trees of undesirable species grow faster than environment, such as soil erosion and water pollution, those of the target species, blocking sunlight and before, during, and after a timber harvest or other slowing their growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Log Hauling | BC Forest Safety Council Page 1 of 1
    Log Hauling | BC Forest Safety Council Page 1 of 1 Log Hauling Safety Alert Type: Log Hauling Location: 500 Road-east of Quesnel Date of Incident: 2007-12-27 Company Name: Inwood Trucking Details of Incident: A loaded tridem long log truck was loaded on the 500 Road. The road was in winter condition-frozen and icy. While coming around a corner on a 10-12% downhill slope, the logging truck met a pick up (empty direction) towing a trailer with 2 snowmobiles on it. The pick up did not have a radio. The log truck tried to slow and allow the pick up to pass, however, the pick up driver panicked and began to back up. The trailer behind the pick up jackknifed in front of the logging truck, blocking the road. At this point, the log truck driver applied his brakes, causing his trailer to jackknife as well. The right front corner of the loaded logging truck bumped the snowmobile trailer, pushing the pick up around. At this point the loaded truck came to a stop. During the investigation, it became known that the pick up was on the wrong road. The young driver had become lost while looking for a popular snowmobile area and turned onto an active logging road. He ignored the signs warning of radio use and industrial traffic. There was minimal damage to both vehicles and no injuries. However, the potential for serious injury was enormous. Only the defensive driving of the log truck driver prevented a more serious outcome. Recommended Preventative Actions: 1.
    [Show full text]
  • WAC 296-54 WAC, Logging Operations
    Chapter 296-54 WAC Introduction Safety Standards for Logging Operations _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 296-54 WAC Safety Standards for Logging Operations (Form Number F414-016-000) This book contains rules for safety standards for logging operations, as adopted under the Washington Industrial Safety and Health Act of 1973 (Chapter 49.17 RCW). The rules in this book are effective October 2017. A brief promulgation history, set within brackets at the end of this chapter, gives statutory authority, administrative order of promulgation, and date of adoption of filing. TO RECEIVE E-MAIL UPDATES: Sign up at https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/WADLI/subscriber/new?topic_id=WADLI_19 TO PRINT YOUR OWN PAPER COPY OR TO VIEW THE RULE ONLINE: Go to https://www.lni.wa.gov/safety-health/safety-rules/rules-by-chapter/?chapter=54/ DOSH CONTACT INFORMATION: Physical address: 7273 Linderson Way Tumwater, WA 98501-5414 (Located off I-5 Exit 101 south of Tumwater.) Mailing address: DOSH Standards and Information PO Box 44810 Olympia, WA 98504-4810 Telephone: 1-800-423-7233 For all L&I Contact information, visit https://www.lni.wa.gov/agency/contact/ Also available on the L&I Safety & Health website: DOSH Core Rules Other General Workplace Safety & Health Rules Industry and Task-Specific Rules Proposed Rules and Hearings Newly Adopted Rules and New Rule Information DOSH Directives (DD’s) See http://www.lni.wa.gov/Safety-Health/ Chapter 296-54 WAC Table of Contents Safety Standards for Logging Operations _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Chapter 296-54 WAC SAFETY STANDARDS FOR LOGGING OPERATIONS WAC Page 296-54-503 Variance. .................................................................. 1 WAC 296-54-505 Definitions.
    [Show full text]
  • An Exploration of Environmental Issues Anjali
    P: ISSN No. 0976-8602 RNI No. UPENG/2012/42622 VOL.-III, ISSUE-III, JULY-2014 E: ISSN No. 2349-9443 Asian Resonance Arcadian Wilderness in James Fenimore Cooper - An Exploration of Environmental Issues Abstract The paper examines the idea of Arcadian wilderness in the Leather stocking tales of James Fenimore Cooper in the light of eco- criticism. What exactly is eco-criticism? How can we define it? Eco- criticism is a study of literature that focuses on the relationship between humans and their natural world. It believes that humanity‘s disconnection from the natural world is the reason for the environmental crisis today. Eco-criticism believes that nature, non-human beings have been side- lined because of our anthropocentric biases, which tends to exploit the non-human as a resource for our personal gains and comforts. Eco- criticism also values bio-ethics above cultural ethics. It values tribal, aboriginal values as these people lived close to the soil. The American Indian despite all his violence was steeped in his environment in a way modern man never can be. As Cheryll Glotfelty has said in1994 that eco- criticism has one foot in literature and one in land (Glotfelty).Therefore, th Cooper, this 19 century novelist, said to be the father of American fiction, will be evaluated in the context of the current day environmental concerns. Keywords: Eco-criticism, Environment, Nature, non-human, animals, red Indians, wilderness Anjali Raman Introduction Assistant Professor Eco-criticism primarily examines the nature of our interaction with our Shivaji College, environment and its non-human inhabitants.
    [Show full text]
  • THE ERECT of the OAK HILT FUNGUS UPON OAK HOOD DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree
    THE ERECT OF THE OAK HILT FUNGUS UPON OAK HOOD DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy In the Graduate School of the Ohio State University WILLIAM tf.BRANDT, BJU, M.Sc. The Ohio State University 1954 Approved ty: 'f e w i ACKN0HLEDGEMENT5 The writer wishes to express his deepest gratitude to Or* W.D. Gr^r for counsel and adrioe during this investigation, to Or* H*C* Young for suggesting the problem, to the Ohio Agricultural Exp­ eriment Station for sponsoring it, to the Statistics Laborstoxy at the Ohio State University for guidance, to the Department of Mechanics of the Ohio State University for adapting a machine to the purposes of the investigation and for use of the machine, to the Department of Electrical Engineering for use of an analytical balance and space in an air-conditioned laboratory, to the Forest Products Laboratory at Madison, Wisconsin, for advice and for the isolates of wood-rotting fungi used in Part U of the study, to George J* Bart and Oren W* Spilker for isolating associated fungi and procuring boards for blocks, and to maqy others who gave assistance and material aid* \ If) 107 ii CONTENTS Introduction ------------------------ 1 Part I. The Effect of the Oak Wilt Fungus on Oak Wood and on Sates of Decay ty sone Fungi Associated with It* Materials and Methods ----------------- 5 Results ------------------------ 16 Part II* Durability of Oak Wilt-Killed Oak* Materials and Methods ----------------- 24 Results ------------------------ 26 Summary ——————————————————————————
    [Show full text]