January 2014

Transportation Data in Southeast

SEMCOG, the Southeast Michigan Council of Governments, collects, analyzes, and reports on transportation data in Southeast Michigan as a service to its member local governments and the public for both planning and modeling purposes. Data are collected from member organizations, Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT), county road commissions, federal agencies, and other partners.

Southeast Michigan and its seven counties (Livingston, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, Washtenaw, and Wayne) have a robust transportation system. There are over 3.6 million registered vehicles in the region, contributing to 43.3 billion vehicle miles traveled annually. The transportation system includes 25,116 miles of road, more than 2,900 bridges, 123 fixed bus routes, six passenger airports, and eight international border crossings. This report provides trends and information on major transportation assets in Southeast Michigan.

Summary Registered Vehicles 3,659,233 Vehicles Centerline Road Miles (including local roads) 25,116 Miles Centerline Road Miles Eligible for Federal Aid (Paved) 8,535 Miles Lane Miles Eligible for Federal Aid (Paved) 21,403 Miles Bridges 2,916 Structures

Daily Annual Vehicle Miles Traveled 118,746,667 43,342,533,455 Miles Transit Ridership (Unlinked Passenger Trips) 175,547 64,074,885 Trips Airline Passengers (Enplanements) 43,084 15,725,781 Passengers Airplane Takeoff and Landings 2,719 992,599 Aircraft International Bridge Crossings 45,324 16,543,505 Vehicles

1001 Woodward Ave., Suite 1400 • , MI 48226 • (313) 961-4266 • [email protected] • www.semcog.org

Roadway

Vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is the measure of miles a motor vehicle operates on the transportation system, usually reported daily and annually. The transportation system in Southeast Michigan supports over 118 million miles of travel each day, which resulted in an annual VMT of 43.3 billion in 2012. Figure 1 shows average daily VMT from 2000-2012. Since 2000, the region has seen an eight percent loss in vehicle miles traveled. The last significant drop in VMT was from 2007-2008, when VMT decreased just over four percent due to the 2008 economic downturn. Since the economic downturn in 2008, VMT has remained relatively consistent with less than a one percent change from 2008-2012. The VMT trend that we saw in Southeast Michigan is consistent with the national trend reported by Federal Highway Administration, which suggests that Americans are driving less since the last peak in 2007. Table 1 shows VMT by county.

Figure 1 Annual Average Daily VMT, Southeast Michigan, 2000-2012 135,000,000

130,000,000

125,000,000

120,000,000

115,000,000

110,000,000

105,000,000 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

Source: SEMCOG Travel Demand Model

Table 1 Annual Average Daily VMT by County and City of Detroit 2000 2005 2007 2010 2011 2012 Detroit 16,159,448 16,012,759 15,899,522 14,627,865 14,359,475 14,091,084 Wayne 26,644,310 26,972,734 27,401,830 23,608,216 23,919,209 24,230,202 Oakland 36,432,017 36,105,592 33,413,347 33,639,747 33,499,810 33,359,873 Macomb 19,770,469 20,380,179 18,909,048 18,150,410 19,035,486 19,920,561 Washtenaw 11,037,801 10,356,769 10,520,429 11,026,457 10,914,535 10,802,613 Monroe 7,593,415 5,250,317 5,583,990 5,672,411 5,731,780 5,791,149 St. Clair 5,007,017 4,973,864 4,749,950 4,240,941 4,104,295 3,967,650 Livingston 6,417,470 7,393,058 6,928,510 6,368,418 6,475,977 6,583,535

Regional Total 129,061,947 127,445,271 123,406,626 117,334,466 118,040,567 118,746,667 Source: SEMCOG Travel Demand Model

1001 Woodward Ave., Suite 1400 • Detroit, MI 48226 • (313) 961-4266 • [email protected] • www.semcog.org

Table 2 shows the number of registered vehicles by county. There are just over 3.6 million registered vehicles in the region which suggest that the average vehicle miles of a registered vehicle in Southeast Michigan is just over 12,000 miles annually. This is slightly below the national average of 13,476, reported by Federal Highway Administration (FHA).

Table 2 Registered Vehicles by County, 2010 Region Vehicle Type Livingston Macomb Monroe Oakland St. Clair Washtenaw Wayne Total Motorcycle 6,877 19,782 5,977 27,639 5,705 7,570 30,282 103,832 Passenger Car 73,374 343,852 59,024 544,607 60,207 133,770 662,985 1,877,819 Passenger Truck 74,824 298,984 61,891 426,245 68,351 100,765 461,692 1,492,752 Light Commercial Truck 5,722 22,992 5,446 34,875 4,643 8,819 35,143 117,640 Intercity Bus 4 85 1 140 10 14 532 786 Transit Bus 26 0 35 17 102 121 1,209 1,510 School Bus 356 1,259 387 2,112 343 614 2,916 7,987 Refuse Truck 23 78 25 105 22 34 129 416 Single Unit Short-Haul Truck 1,204 4,158 1,319 5,627 1,168 1,813 6,901 22,190 Single Unit Lo ng-Haul Truck 151 521 165 705 146 227 864 2,779 Motor home 987 2,269 800 3,273 988 962 2,939 12,218 Combinatio n Short-Haul Truck 413 1,741 619 1,087 350 404 4,148 8,762 Combinatio n Lo ng-Haul Truck 497 2,095 744 1,307 421 486 4,992 10,542 Region Total 164,458 697,816 136,433 1,047,739 142,456 255,599 1,214,732 3,659,233 Source: Michigan Secretary of State Office

There are 25,116 miles of public road maintained in Southeast Michigan. Miles of road is the centerline linear measurement in miles of the specific roadway as opposed to lane-miles which takes into account all lanes. Table 3 summarizes the miles of public roads by county and road type. One impact that the decrease in VMT has had on the transportation system is that regardless of VMT, public roads need to be maintained. With a decrease in VMT as well as more fuel efficient vehicles, the main funding source (gas tax) to maintain public roads is shrinking. This puts a strain on state, county and local governments who strive to keep safe and well maintained roads for the traveling public.

Table 3 Miles of Public Road by Owner, 2012 State County County City City Other* County Road Primary Local Major Local Total Livingston 107 359 965 33 57 120 1643 Macomb 134 433 1,244 306 1,117 211 3446 Monroe 141 419 888 60 106 142 1757 Oakland 234 866 1,868 671 2,134 378 6151 St. Clair 162 460 1,036 91 182 136 2068 Washtenaw 149 589 1,058 162 297 142 2397 Wayne 336 730 836 1,325 3,851 575 7654 Regional Total 1,263 3,856 7,895 2,648 7,744 1,710 25,116 Source: Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) and Transportation Asset Management Council (TAMC) Dashboard *corrected to (TAMC) Dashboard

1001 Woodward Ave., Suite 1400 • Detroit, MI 48226 • (313) 961-4266 • [email protected] • www.semcog.org

SEMCOG supports and actively participates in transportation asset management. Through a road rating program, the region collects road condition data annually. Road condition data is available for paved, federal-aid-eligible roads throughout the region. Figure 2 summarizes road condition data by lane miles and county. Of the 21,403 lane miles of paved federal-aid-eligible roads, 20 percent are in good condition, 50 percent are in fair condition, and 30 percent are in poor condition.

Figure 2 Road Condition by County, Lane Miles, 2011-2012 100% 90% 80%

70% 60% 50% 40%

Percent Lane Miles 30% 20% 10% 0% Livingston Macomb Monroe Oakland St Clair Washtenaw Wayne Region Total Poor 344 917 804 1,252 516 758 1,824 6,415 Fair 581 1,019 791 2,859 617 794 4,032 10,694 Good 202 955 189 831 315 431 1,371 4,294 Source: Transportation Asset Management Council (TAMC)

1001 Woodward Ave., Suite 1400 • Detroit, MI 48226 • (313) 961-4266 • [email protected] • www.semcog.org

Public Transit

Public transportation is an important and integral part of a functional transportation system and network that promotes mobility. Improved public transit provides more transportation options for residents. Across the country, decision makers are looking for ways to fund and improve public transit to provide reliable and safe systems. Southeast Michigan is no exception. Currently, the region provides fixed-route service through various providers (Table 4). Transit providers offer a total of 123 fixed routes, 866 transit vehicles, operating 16 hours a day, providing over 64 million rides annually.

Figure 3 shows ridership or the annual unlinked passenger trips (UPT) for all Southeast Michigan providers from 2000-2011. UPT represents the number of passengers that board public transportation vehicles. Ridership for the region has remained relatively consistent from 2000-2011, with one peak in 2009. The lowest ridership was reported in 2004 and the highest ridership was reported in 2009. Since the low in 2004, ridership has gone up an average of 2.3 percent; since the high ridership in 2009, it has declined an average of 1.1 percent a year. Fluctuations in transit ridership can be attributed to fluctuations in gas prices and employment, as well as safety and quality of service provided. Table 4 summarizes ridership by provider.

Table 4 Ridership by Transit Agency, 2000-2011 2000 2004 2009 2010 2011 Ann Arbor Transportation Authority 4,525,250 4,411,753 6,255,314 5,955,750 6,152,518 (AATA) Area Transit 906,161 850,326 1,196,816 1,274,080 1,394,239 (BWAT) Detroit Department of Transportation 44,042,397 34,721,678 38,864,643 36,657,274 35,907,731 (DDOT) Detroit Transportation Corporation (DTC) 1,485,856 922,644 1,941,501 2,161,440 2,32Si8,131 Livingston Essential Transportation Service (LETS) - - 107,867 116,640 135,342 Suburban Mobility Authority for Regional 11,598,290 9,248,883 13,555,982 12,194,271 11,405,960 Transportation (SMART) 4,176,390 4,661,209 5,927,027 6,366,518 6,750,964 (UOM)

66,734,344 54,816,493 67,849,150 64,725,973 64,074,885 Regional Total Source: National Transit Database

Figure 3 Transit Ridership, Southeast Michigan, 2000-2011

80,000,000 70,000,000 60,000,000 50,000,000 40,000,000 30,000,000 20,000,000 10,000,000 - 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Source: National Transit Database

1001 Woodward Ave., Suite 1400 • Detroit, MI 48226 • (313) 961-4266 • [email protected] • www.semcog.org

Bridge

Bridges are the key structure that provides access across waterways and irregular terrain. Southeast Michigan has 2,916 bridges. These bridges require regular maintenance and provide access to areas that are normally not accessible. Bridges also reduce travel times by providing direct access over depressions in terrain or obstructions such as water, highways, pedestrian passage, and railway. Bridge inspections are required regularly and reported in a comprehensive bridge database maintained by Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT). Figure 5 summarizes the number of bridges by condition in Southeast Michigan.

Figure 5 Bridge Condition, 2010

11%

Good 43% Fair Poor 46%

Source: MDOT Bridge Database

Border Crossing

In 2012, just over 16.5 million vehicles crossed into Canada from Southeast Michigan. In general, 75 percent of those crossings were passenger vehicles, 23 percent were trucks, and less than one percent are busses. Since 2006, border crossings with Canada decreased by 19 percent. However, since 2010, there has been a small five percent increase. Table 5 shows vehicle counts for the three major international border crossings.

Table 5 International Border Crossings 2006 2010 2011 2012 Crossing Ambassador Bridge 9,680,232 7,232,366 7,252,916 7,310,302 Detroit-Windsor Tunnel 5,331,751 4,747,027 5,120,079 5,258,364 5,457,164 3,611,682 3,789,769 3,974,839 Regional Total 20,469,147 15,591,075 16,162,764 16,543,505 Source: Public Border Operators Association

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Airport

In 2012, Southeast Michigan served over 15 million air passengers. Table 6 summarizes the annual aviation activities (takeoff or landing) in airports within Southeast Michigan. Air carriers are aircraft with 60 or more passengers, air taxis are aircraft with less than 60 passengers, general aviation local are aircraft known to be from within 20 miles of the airport, general aviation itinerant are aircraft other than local, and military are operations for military purposes. Takeoff or landings are sorted in descending order.

Table 6 Annual Aviation Activities in Southeast Michigan, 2012 Percent Operations General General Air Air Total for 12 Aviation Aviation Military Carrier Taxi Operations Months Local Itinerant Ending Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County 197,244 234,786 0 6,116 189 438,335 44.16% 6/30/2012 Oakland County International 1,449 9,536 48,630 59,545 187 119,347 12.02% 12/31/2011 3,630 10,609 33,045 26,373 233 73,890 7.44% 12/31/2012 Detroit Coleman A. Young Municipal 0 6,424 24,481 29,868 1,100 61,873 6.23% 12/31/2011 Ann Arbor Municipal 0 0 37,511 21,174 0 58,685 5.91% 12/31/2011 Livingston County Specter J. Hardy 0 0 19,646 19,646 0 39,292 3.96% 12/31/2010 Selfridge ANGB 0 0 0 0 37,200 37,200 3.75% NA Mettetal - Canton 0 0 15,280 15,280 0 30,560 3.08% 12/31/2010 St Clair County International 0 0 6,185 18,555 0 24,740 2.49% 12/31/2010 Troy - Oakland/Troy 0 0 12,293 12,292 0 24,585 2.48% 12/31/2010 Grosse Ile Municipal 0 0 12,807 6,403 0 19,210 1.94% 12/31/2011 Brighto n 0 0 8,800 8,800 0 17,600 1.77% 12/31/2012 Macomb Romeo State 0 0 7,130 7,130 0 14,260 1.44% 12/31/2012 Monroe Custer 0 0 6,403 6,403 0 12,806 1.29% 12/31/2010 New Hudso n -Oakland Southwest 0 0 6,395 6,395 0 12,790 1.29% 12/31/2011 Marine City 0 0 3,638 3,638 0 7,276 0.73% 12/31/2011 St. Clair - David's Landing 0 0 75 75 0 150 0.02% 12/31/2010 Regional Total 202,323 261,355 242,319 247,693 38,909 992,599 Source: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Air Traffic Activity System (ATADS)

Information is compiled for the most current year available. Data are presented at the regional and county level where available and applicable.

For questions about transportation data, please contact Chade Saghir at 313-324-3342 or [email protected].

1001 Woodward Ave., Suite 1400 • Detroit, MI 48226 • (313) 961-4266 • [email protected] • www.semcog.org