Sink Šturec in Kremnica

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Sink Šturec in Kremnica Acta Geoturistica vol. 5 (2014), nr. 1, 41-46 Sink Šturec in Kremnica 1 1 1 LADISLAV HVIZDÁK , MÁRIO MOLOKÁČ , SLAVOMÍR DREVKO and JANA 1 HVIZDÁKOVÁ 1 Institute of Geotourism, Technical University in Košice, Letná 9, 042 00 Košice, Slovakia (E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]) ABSTRACT Geotourism, as a modern type of tourism, is partly a variety of congitive tourism. Recognition of geological objects and processes is a job for professionals but can be also attractive for non-professionals just interested in geology, in the Earth structure and in various processes active at the Earth’s surface. Relief and landscape belong to the most attractive features of natural environment. Someone, who admires the natural beauty of the landscape not always knows how particular landforms were formed. At the end of the paper we briefly introduce the possibility of using the Šturec sink as geotouristic object. This place has all the prerequisites to become a top destination for geotourism. Keywords: Kremnica, geoturourism, sinkhole, pings, Šturc, gold, mint INTRODUCTION in the village Slovinky and Rudňany deals Juliana Krokusová. (Krokusová, 2005; At present, tourism is an important area of Krokusová & Čech, 2007). Research of national economy of developed countries in pseudomontaneous anthropogenic relief the world, which contributes to increasing shapes utilizes the same scientific the standard of living and gradually methodology that applies to geomorpho- becomes an integral part of consumption logy or anthropogenic geomorphology. A (Kršák et al., 2011). Geotourism, as a detailed and comprehensive overview of the modern type of tourism, is partly a variety scientific methodology for the study of of congitive tourism (Różycki, P., 2010). anthropogenic geomorphology with parti- Conclusions of montane landforms research cular focus on montaneous anthropogenic are currently important and often geomorphology was presented in a separate irreplaceable use in an increasingly growing monograph written by the collective of of geotourism (Hronček et al., 2011). Study authors together with P. Rybár and K. Weis addresses the issue of sinkhole (Coratza et (Hronček et al., 2011). al., 2012) which shows the geosite assessment procedure and discusses its outputs, according to which 6 out of the 17 SHORT HISTORY OF KREMNICA investigated sinkholes can be considered as geosites of geomorphological interest Kremnica was among the major mining (geomorphosites). The emphasis on towns of the world during the Middle Ages geoconservation, due to the predominantly and in Modern Times due to the abundant karstic characteristics of the studied gold ore deposits in the Kremnica landscape give the study (Martín-Duque et Mountains. However, the first evidence of al., 2012). Analysis of the spatial sub-surface mining activities comes from distribution anthropogenic forms of mining the 9th century. In the 13th century the 41 Acta Geoturistica vol. 5 (2014), nr. 1, 41-46 inhabitants of this area were affected by the The steady annual production of gold and invasion of the Mongols. Following that silver guaranteed the prosperous difficult period, Hungarian kings invited development of the town. In the 15th new colonists from Germany to settle in the century Kremnica was the second most region to help replenish the decimated important city in the Kingdom of Hungary. population. They went on to restore the The town was continuously being granted mining activities in the town. The first new privileges and the deputies of the town written reference to the town dates back to occupied the second place in the Hungarian 1328, when it was granted royal town Diet (the first place was reserved for the privileges by King Charles I of Hungary. representatives of Buda, the capital of the The town's mint was already in existence Kingdom). Gold mining and coin at the time of the granting of royal production in Kremnica culminated in the privileges. Starting in 1335 the mint 14th and 15th centuries. As one of the most produced golden florins and later the important centers of Protestant Reformation famous "Kremnica ducats", which were in the country, the town belonged to the used as an international means of payment Protestant "League of Seven Mining as a result of their consistently high purity Towns" together with Banská Belá, Banská of gold. It was the most important mint, and Bystrica, Banská Štiavnica, Ľubietová, later the only one, in the Kingdom of Nová Baňa, and Pukanec. In the 16th Hungary, in Czechoslovakia and nowadays century, the town was a major center of in Slovakia; the prosperity brought to the production of (mostly religious) medals, town led to it being given the nickname especially by Joachim Deschler. At the "Golden Kremnica". In 1331, Kremnica same time however, the miners had to dig became the seat of the Chamber Count deeper and deeper to reach new deposits (Kammergraf) who was the head of the and the mining conditions deteriorated most important mining and minting because of underground water in the shafts. chamber of the Kingdom of Hungary. The The cost of mining increased and the Count administered all the mines and mints mining was becoming less profitable. The in twelve counties of the kingdom in the last gold was extracted in Kremnica in Middle Ages. At the end of the 14th 1970, at which time all the mines were century, Kremnica became the capital of the closed (Factualworld, 2014). mining towns in central Upper Hungary. Kremnica lies at an altitude of 564 meters Fig. 1 Kremnica and Kremnické vrchy Mts. 42 Acta Geoturistica vol. 5 (2014), nr. 1, 41-46 (1,850 ft) above sea level and covers an subsidence phenomena in mining areas. It area of 43.136 square kilometers (16.7 sq. was formed by the action of gravity in the mi). It is located in the Kremnica montane massif basement. Subsidence, Mountains on the brook Kremnický potok, respectively decreasing into the rock mass which is a tributary of the Hron River. It is underground caverns, accompanied by the located around 20 kilometers (12 mi) west formation of a concave forms in the of Banská Bystrica (by line), 45 kilometers overburden excavation mining areas, are (28 mi) south of Martin and around 175 mainly in the coal fields (Hronček et al., kilometers (109 mi) from Bratislava. 2011). The castle built in the 13th through 15th centuries towers over the town. In the first half of the 14th century, it became the ŠTUREC SINK HISTORY residence of the Chamber Count. The town was immediately fortified with a double A sinkhole, also known as a sink-hole, wall containing several bastions and towers. sink, swallow hole, shakehole, swallet or The castle represents a unique example of a doline, is a depression or hole in the ground very well preserved fortification system in caused by some form of collapse of the Central Europe. In the 14th century, it surface layer. Sinkholes may vary in size developed into a multifunctional complex from 1 to 600 m both in diameter and of buildings and thus became the centre of depth, and vary in form from soil-lined local administration, religious life, and bowls to bedrock-edged chasms. Sinkholes defense. At the end of the 15th century, the may be formed gradually or suddenly, and Chamber Count moved to a newly built are found worldwide. The different terms house with a unique diamond vault. for sinkholes are often used Thereafter the residence of the Count in the interchangeably. In urban settings in castle was converted into the St. Catherine's particular, sinkholes may owe their Church. development to human activity as much as Other sites of interest also include the anything else. The following human actions Museum of Coins and Medals, the Museum can also cause sinkholes: of Skiing and a historical main square with a monumental Baroque plague column. The Drilling and vibrations, Gothic Church of St. Catherine hosts the Mining, popular European Organ Festival. A 20-km Changes in weight, long aqueduct, built in the 15th century, is Lots of foot or vehicle traffic, still working, supplying three hydroelectric Heavy increase in water flow, power plants (one of them located 245 m formation of a pond or body of below the ground). Forested mountains water, or broken pipes, among other around the town offer plenty of things. opportunities for hiking and cross-country skiing. The geographical centre of Europe is Sinkholes may also form in places where claimed to be in the nearby village of water flows regularly, such as a storm Krahule. drain, or when water sources are diverted or One category of shapes, incurred by cut off, especially by pumping out indirect anthropogenic geomorphological groundwater. A broken pipe can contribute processes, are anthropogenic declines, to sinkhole development by flooding and depression shapes, shifts (with deleveling weakening the soil, but it can also provide and folding), stepped terrain deformation, an outlet for the dirt and rock that's cracks and pitfalls. The most important supposed to surround pipes. After enough parts of this group were undermined material falls into pipes and is transported 43 Acta Geoturistica vol. 5 (2014), nr. 1, 41-46 Fig. 2 Sink Šturec (source: Google Earth) away, the surrounding earth becomes tunnel-called Main Hereditary Tunnel or destabilized, contributing to sinkhole The tunnel of Emperor Ferdinand was formation, sewage or water spills, or other designed in 1821, the beginning of the disasters (Silverman, J., 2008). excavation was in 1841. It was excavated Šturec sink, called also Lapser, or in by discontinuous modern technology in the German called der Sturz. Natural sinkhole formation is related to tectonic processes in the distant past. Two overburden veins, called Schrämenová and Main, are associated in Šturc, below of them are veins Schindler and Kirchberg.
Recommended publications
  • 1 Bohunická Katarína Horná Ves 43 2 Černaj Daniel Žiar Nad Hronom
    Register odborne spôsobilých osôb podľa § 16, ods. 30), zákona NR SR č. 355/2007 Z. z. o ochrane, podpore a rozvoji verejného zdravia na vykonávanie epidemiologicky závažných činností pri výrobe, manipulácii a uvádzaní do obehu potravín a pokrmov podľa § 15, ods. 2), písm. c) zákona NR SR č. 355/2007 Z. z. o ochrane, podpore a rozvoji verejného zdravia (registrácia od nadobudnutia účinnosti zákona NR SR č. 355/2007 Z. z. o ochrane, podpore a rozvoji verejného zdravia – od 1. 9. 2007) Číslo Dátum vydania Č. Priezvisko, meno, titul Adresa trvalého bydliska osvedčenia osvedčenia 1 Bohunická Katarína Horná Ves 43 H/2016/00104 01. 02. 2016 2 Černaj Daniel Žiar nad Hronom, Sládkovičova 1509/17 H/2016/00105 01. 02. 2016 3 Černaj Ivan, Mgr. Žiar nad Hronom, Hviezdoslavova 52/60 H/2016/00106 01. 02. 2016 4 Gajdošíková Radka Žiar nad Hronom, SNP 141/11 H/2016/00107 01. 02. 2016 5 Gašparík Martin Slaská 136 H/2016/00108 01. 02. 2016 6 Gretsch Milan Kremnica H/2016/00109 01. 02. 2016 7 Hoghová Gabriela Kremnica, Zámocké nám. 573/11 H/2016/00110 01. 02. 2016 8 Kačur Matúš, Ing. Snina, 1. mája 2055/7 H/2016/00111 01. 02. 2016 9 Šarközi Lukáš Bartošova Lehôtka 29 H/2016/00112 01. 02. 2016 10 Krajčíková Jana Ihráč 99 H/2016/00113 01. 02. 2016 11 Kuchárová Alena Žiar nad Hronom, Dukelských hrdinov 17 H/2016/00114 01. 02. 2016 12 Miertušová Dominika Horná Ves 131 H/2016/00115 01. 02. 2016 13 Mihál Martin Kremnica, Angyalova 409/11 H/2016/00116 01.
    [Show full text]
  • Rankings Province of Okres Ziar Nad Hronom
    9/27/2021 Maps, analysis and statistics about the resident population Demographic balance, population and familiy trends, age classes and average age, civil status and foreigners Skip Navigation Links SLOVACCHIA / Banskobystrický kraj / Province of Okres Ziar nad Hronom Powered by Page 1 L'azienda Contatti Login Urbistat on Linkedin Adminstat logo DEMOGRAPHY ECONOMY RANKINGS SEARCH SLOVACCHIA Municipalities Powered by Page 2 Bartosova Stroll up beside >> L'azienda Contatti Login Urbistat on Linkedin Lehôtka Kopernica Adminstat logo DEMOGRAPHY ECONOMY RANKINGS SEARCH Bzenica SLOVACCHIAKosorín Dolná Trnávka Krahule Dolná Ves Kremnica Dolná Zdana Kremnické Bane Hliník nad Kunesov Hronom Ladomerská Horná Ves, okres Vieska Ziar nad Lehôtka pod Hronom Brehmi Horná Zdana Lovca Hronská Dúbrava Lovcica-Trubín Ihrác Lúcky, okres Ziar Janova Lehota nad Hronon Jastrabá Lutila Nevolné Pitelová Prestavlky Prochot Repiste Sklené Teplice Slaská Stará Kremnicka Trnavá Hora Vyhne Ziar nad Hronom Provinces Powered by Page 3 OKRES BANSKÁ OKRES L'azienda Contatti Login Urbistat on Linkedin BYSTRICA LUCENEC Adminstat logo DEMOGRAPHY ECONOMY RANKINGS SEARCH OKRES BANSKÁSLOVACCHIAOKRES POLTÁR STIAVNICA OKRES REVÚCA OKRES BREZNO OKRES OKRES DETVA RIMAVSKÁ SOBOTA OKRES KRUPINA OKRES VELKÝ KRTÍS OKRES ZARNOVICA OKRES ZIAR NAD HRONOM OKRES ZVOLEN Regions Banskobystrický Nitriansky kraj kraj Prešovský kraj Bratislavský kraj Trenčiansky kraj Košický kraj Trnavský kraj Žilinský kraj Province of Okres ziar nad hronom Territorial extension of Province of OKRES ZIAR NAD
    [Show full text]
  • Bi-Se-Te Mineralization from Úhorná (Spišsko Gemerské Rudohorie Mts., Slovakia): a Preliminary Report
    MINERALOGIA, 39, No. 3–4: 87–103 (2008) DOI: 10.2478/v10002-008-0007-3 www.Mineralogia.pl MINERALOGICAL SOCIETY OF POLAND POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO MINERALOGICZNE Original paper Bi-Se-Te mineralization from Úhorná (Spišsko Gemerské Rudohorie Mts., Slovakia): A preliminary report Jaroslav PRŠEK1*, Dušan PETEREC2 1 Comenius University, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Mlynská dolina 842 15, Bratislava; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Aragonit s.r.o, Rovníková 8, 040 12 Košice * Corresponding author Received: January 31, 2008 Accepted: January 07, 2009 Abstract. An unusual association of Se minerals was studied. Se enters into the structures of sulphosalts – into bournonite, jamesonite and tintinaite at concentrations up to 0.10, 0.38 and 1.11 apfu, respectively. However, Se and Te, together with Bi, also form discrete minerals such as tetradymite, laitakarite, ikunolite and hedleyite. Members of the laitakarite-ikunolite solid solution display a wide range of anion substitution from the nearly Se-free (0.10 apfu) end member to the S-poor (0.42 apfu) end member. Their contents of Te are low. Accompanying tetrahedrite does not contain Se or Te. Key-words: laitakarite-ikunolite solid solutions, sulphosalts, tetradymite, Slovakia, Úhorná 1. Introduction In Slovakia, occurrences of Se- and Te minerals are relatively rare in comparison with other sulphide minerals. Besides occurrences in Neogene volcanites (neovolcanites), they have only been identified in a few localities. Tellurides of Bi, Au and Ag occur in the neovolcanites. Tetradymite was described from upkov, Hodruša, Bukovec and Kopanice (Zepharovich 1859, 1873; Lexa et al. 1989; Kalinaj, Bebej 1992; Mao, Bebej 1994; Jeleò 2003; Sejkora et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Banskobystrický Region - Case Study Report
    BANSKOBYSTRICKÝ REGION - CASE STUDY REPORT (WP6, Task 3) Ján Buček Ján Buček Department of Human Geography and Demography Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia March 2014 The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013) under grant agreement “Growth-Innovation-Competitiveness: Fostering Cohesion in Central and Eastern Europe” (GRNCOH) 1 1. INTRODUCTION This report had been prepared within GRINCOH project conducted in selected regions of Central and Eastern European countries. In wider terms it reflects the development in Banskobystrický region after 1989, but with special attention to period after the accession to EU and with respect to the global financial crisis impact. It attempts to reveal transformation problems as well as strengths and weaknesses in its regional development, regional policy and use of EU SF support. It is strongly influenced by city region concept, focusing on the role of key city of Banská Bystrica and its neighbouring city of Zvolen. This report is based primarily on standard statistical data, documents and publications available, enriched by 11 in-depth interviews carried out with representatives of institutions active in social and economic life of the region. 1.1. History and location Banskobystrický region (in Slovak – Banskobystrický kraj) is located in southern part of central Slovakia, also as border region with Hungary. It is the largest region of the country (9 454 km2), only Prešovský region in the north-eastern Slovakia (8 973 km2) is the comparable one in terms of territory. The territory of region is composed by contrasting mountain (e.g. about 2000 metres in Nízke Tatry mountains) and valleys areas with large territory covered by forests.
    [Show full text]
  • Nostalgic Sentiment and Cultural and Creative Industries in Regional Development: a Slovak Case Study
    QUAESTIONES GEOGRAPHICAE 34(2) • 2015 NOSTALGIC SENTIMENT AND CULTURAL AND CREATIVE INDUSTRIES IN REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT: A SLOVAK CASE STUDY KAMILA BORSEKOVÁ1, DAVID COLE2, KATARÍNA PETRÍKOVÁ3, AnnA VAňoVá3 1Institute of Economic Sciences, Faculty of Economics, University of Matej Bel, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia 2Department of Language Communication in Business, Faculty of Economics, University of Matej Bel, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia 3Department of Public Economics and Regional Development, Faculty of Economics, University of Matej Bel, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia Manuscript received: October 2, 2014 Revised version: April 1, 2015 BORSEKOVÁ K, COLE D., PetríkoVá k., VAňoVá A., 2015. Nostalgic sentiment and cultural and creative industries in re- gional development: a Slovak case study. Quaestiones Geographicae 34(2), Bogucki Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Poznań, pp. 53–63, 3 figs, 3 tables. DOI 10.1515/quageo-2015-0015, ISSN 0137-477X. ABSTRACT: In Slovakia, there are three unique, historical mining towns, Banská Bystrica, Banská Štiavnica and Kremni- ca, that have been successfully turned into creative cultural centres. The historical and cultural values of those towns have stood the test of time and become a magnet for a new and creative class of people looking to escape the brutality of high modernity (modern urban centres) and find a source of inspiration based on historical nostalgic sentimentalism — the basis for a new creative and cultural industry for rural areas. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the cultural and creative industries of these three unique historical mining centres with an eye to replicating their knowl- edge in other communities in economic stress. The paper will first explore concepts relating to cultural and creative industries with an eye towards nostalgic sentimentalism that is an important antithesis to high modernity, and even post-modernity.
    [Show full text]
  • Hygiena Životného Prostredia a Zdravia
    HYGIENA ŽIVOTNÉHO PROSTREDIA A ZDRAVIA I. Analýza zložiek životného prostredia 1. Pitná voda 1.1 Zásobovanie pitnou vodou Počet zásobovaných obyvateľov z verejných vodovodov v okrese Žiar nad Hronom je 43 894, čo je 91,15 %. Oproti roku 2014 sa zásobovanie obyvateľov z verejných vodovodov zvýšilo o 0,16 %. Zvyšok obyvateľov je zásobovaných z individuálnych vodných zdrojov. V obciach Lovča, Repište, Lúčky a v meste Žiari nad Hronom v časti Šašovské Podhradie nie je vybudovaný verejný vodovod. Obyvatelia obcí sú zásobovaní vodou z individuálnych vodných zdrojov. Obec Lovča sa má možnosť napojiť na Turčekovský skupinový vodovod (TSV), no obyvatelia obce nemajú záujem o vybudovanie vodovodu. Obec Repište, Lúčky a mesto Žiar nad Hronom neplánuje riešiť zásobovanie obyvateľov obcí z verejného vodovodu, pre nezáujem obyvateľov napojiť sa na vodovod. V obci Dolná Ždaňa je zásobovaná z verejného vodovodu len časť obyvateľov tejto obce. V obci Horná Ždaňa sú vybudované dva verejné vodovody, jeden v správe obce, na ktorý je napojených 111 obyvateľov a druhý bol skolaudovaný v roku 2015 a je v správe StVPS, a. s., závod 06 Zvolen, Žiar nad Hronom. Na tento vodovod je v súčasnej dobe napojených len 10 rodinných domov. Zvyšných 391 obyvateľov využíva aj naďalej vlastné individuálne zdroje a neplánujú sa napojiť. Z povrchového vodného zdroja je zásobovaný verejný vodovod v obci Prochot, kde vodný zdroj je Prochotský potok, ktorý slúži ako doplňujúci vodný zdroj. Z potoka je priamy odber cez hrubý pieskový filter, bez úpravy. Ako hlavný zdroj vody pre obec Prochot slúži vrt HGV5 a voda sa upravuje v ÚV– úprava železa a mangánu.
    [Show full text]
  • Barborská Cesta
    Barborská cesta Banská Bystrica Kremnica Zvolen Banská Štiavnica OZ Banský Región - Terra Montanae • Príhovor • Projekt Barborská cesta Rád by som vám na úvod tejto brožúry predniesol môj pocit a pos - Barborská cesta predstavuje rozvojový projekt zameraný na zjed- treh zo vzniku a priebehu realizácie Barborskej cesty. notenie územia stredného Slovenska, ktoré spája nielen história Začiatok tejto myšlienky siaha niekde do konca deväťdesiatich banskej tradície ale aj jedinečné prírodné a kultúrne pozoruhod- rokov minulého storočia, keď som sa rozhodol vrátiť do môjho nosti. rodného mesta Kremnica a začal som budovať rodinný penzión na Na tejto ceste má návštevník možnosť oboznámiť sa s bohatou his - reštituovanom pozemku po mojich starých rodičoch. Pôvodne som tóriou ťažby a spracovania metalurgických rúd aj využitia dra hých mal zámer vybudovať pod ním vinnú pivnicu. Keď mi však môj a vzácnych kovov. dlhoročný priateľ Julko Tamasfy povedal, že on ku mne nepríde Poznávacia trasa prechádza najvýznamnejšími miestami banských pokiaľ tam v podzemí nebude banícka štôlňa. Bez váhania som sa pamiatok a pamätihodností spojených s banskou tradíciou a úze - teda pustil do tohto diela. V podzemí nášho penziónu sa odvtedy mím bývalých stredoslovenských banských miest. V oblasti sa da - tuje história baníctva, hutníctva, razenia mincí, spracovania medi či využi tia drahých a vzácnych kovov späť až do 10. storočia. Viac ako tisíc ročná tradícia týchto činností je významnou súčasťou dejín Slovenska. Zjednotenie územia prostredníctvom Barborskej cesty predpo - kladá efektívnu spoluprácu rôznych subjektov verejného aj sú k - romného sektora. Zapojenie banských spolkov, kresťanských združe ní, samospráv, obcí, podnikateľských subjektov a posky to- vateľov slu žieb cestovného ruchu predpokladá vytvorenie kom- plexného pro duktu, ktorý je orientovaný na domácich ale najmä zahra ničných návštevníkov zo západnej a strednej Európy.
    [Show full text]
  • Banská Bystrica Region
    I Slovak Investment and Trade Development Agency Banská Bystrica Region I www.sario.sk 1 I Slovak Investment and Trade Development Agency Contents Contents ........................................................................................................................... 1 1. General information ........................................................................................................ 3 1.1. Transport and Infrastructure ....................................................................................... 4 2. Economy and Industry..................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Structure of Industry ................................................................................................. 4 2.2. Non-industrial Sectors in the Region............................................................................. 5 3. Significant Companies ..................................................................................................... 5 4. Industrial parks .............................................................................................................. 6 5. Foreign Direct Investment ................................................................................................ 8 6. Labour Market ............................................................................................................... 10 6.1. Employment ............................................................................................................ 10
    [Show full text]
  • Conceptualization of the Historic Mining Towns in Slovakia in the Institutional, Urban-Physiological and Urban- Morphological Context
    QUOTATION: Matlovič R., Matlovičová K., Kolesárová J. (2014): Conceptualization of the historic mining towns in Slovakia in the institutional, urban-physiological and urban-morphological context. In Radics, Z., Penczes, J. (Eds), 2014. Enhancing competitiveness of V4 historic cities to develop tourism. Spatial-economic cohesion and competitivness in the context of tourism. Debrecen, 2014. ISBN 978-615-5212-22-2, s. 165-193 René Matlovič – Kvetoslava Matlovičová – Jana Kolesárová CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE HISTORIC MINING TOWNS IN SLOVAKIA IN THE INSTITUTIONAL, URBAN-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND URBAN- MORPHOLOGICAL CONTEXT Introduction The issue of strengthening the competitiveness of towns has an increasing importance in contemporary globalizing world. The gradual removal of barriers and increasing information linkages of today's world, expose individual towns to the hyper-competitive environment. Towns compete with each other in order to attract financial and human capital. Globalization brings certain unifying tendencies, but on the other hand, it also encourages cities to become different in some ways and attractive to the inflows of financial capital, residents, and visitors. Individual cities are, therefore, seeking to strengthen their competitiveness. In these efforts, it can be observed a rising tendency to apply the tools of territorial marketing and branding. These statements are particularly true in case of the historic towns possessing cultural heritage in the form of material relics and specific atmosphere (genius loci), which are related to their previous functions. If such potential is subject to proper preservation and promotion, it can be further exploited especially in the tourism industry. Historic towns, therefore, face the challenge of how to use this potential of cultural heritage and apply it on the market.
    [Show full text]
  • Regiăłn Bansk㡠Bystrica GB.Indd
    Banská Bystrica Region Región Banská Bystrica GB.indd 1 17.11.2008 3:45:45 Výtažková azurováVýtažková purpurováVýtažková žlutáVýtažková ìerná LittleBigCountry Región Banská Bystrica GB.indd 2 17.11.2008 3:45:47 Výtažková azurováVýtažková purpurováVýtažková žlutáVýtažková ìerná Banská Bystrica region is situated in the south of is race of dog tandems on Donovaly. Five national Central Slovakia and by its size of 9,455 km2 it is also parks interfere with the territory of region (the the largest Slovak region. The ancient settlements National Park Low Tatras, the National Park Slovak were concentrated mainly in the Zvolenská hollow Paradise (Slovenský raj), the National Park Muráđ basin. The region is very special due to the original Plain (Muránska planina), the National Park Veîká character of mining towns. Krupina, Banská Bystrica Fatra and the National Park Slovak Carst (Slovenský and íubietová were established thanks to their rich kras)), 4 protected territories and numerous national copper-beds. Surroundings of Banská Bystrica town natural reservations and protected areas, localities are rich in natural as well as tourist attractions such and objects of lower level of protection. Three Badínsky wildwood (Badínsky prales), Harmanec towns namely Banská Bystrica, Banská Štiavnica Cave (Harmanecká jaskyđa), skiing resort Donovaly and Kremnica were declared to be town landmark and the Low Tatras (Nízke Tatry). The whole area reservations while Banská Štiavnica has been even contains a lot of cycling trails suitable mainly for registered in the List of World Cultural Heritage. sportsmen and amateur cyclers. The region excels at Špania Valley (Špania dolina), Štiavnica Mines perfect conditions for horse riding, cross-country and (Štiavnicke bane) and Sebechleby – Staré Hory downhill skiing but also fans of adrenalin sports come are monument reservations protecting peasant into their own here.
    [Show full text]
  • Tourism As an Instrument of Economic Development of the Banská Bystrica Self-Governing Region
    PRZEDSIĘBIORCZOŚĆ – EDUKACJA 14 . 2018 ENTREPRENEURSHIP – EDUCATION ISSN 2083-3296 DOI: 10.24917/20833296.14.18 bohuslava gregorová Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovakia Tourism as an Instrument of Economic Development of the Banská Bystrica Self-Governing Region Abstract: The paper focuses on the evaluation of regional tourism in terms of its economic develop- ment potential. Based on selected economic indicators (e.g. registered unemployment rate, capacity and performances of accommodation facilities, average number of employees and average nominal wage), we analyse the position of the territory in the regional structure of Slovakia and describe factors that determine the development of the region (location, absence of large cities, poor transport infrastruc- ture). Via valorising the natural and anthropogenic assumptions we evaluate the potential of the ter- ritory in the context of the possibilities of tourism development in it. Valorisation was carried out in relation to the main recreational activities, where the aggregate value of the potential expresses precisely the possibilities of developing recreational activities in the studied area. The most developed are the districts of Banská Bystrica and Brezno, forming the Horehronský tourism region. The less developed region with untapped tourism potential is Pohronský region, represented by the districts of Zvolen, Žiar nad Hronom, Žarnovica, Banská Štiavnica and Detva. The Gemerský region (the Rimavská Sobota and Revúca districts) shows the greatest difference between the potential of the territory and the current state of the level of tourism development. The least developed area with the lowest tourism potential is the Ipeľský region (districts Krupina, Veľký Krtíš, Poltár and Lučenec). Based on selected statistical indicators related to tourism (Baretje and Defert index, Schneider index, Charvat index) we evaluate the current state of development of tourism in the studied area.
    [Show full text]
  • Alteration of Fine Fraction of Bentonite from Kopernica (Slovakia) Under
    Applied Clay Science 163 (2018) 204–213 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Applied Clay Science journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/clay Research paper Alteration of fine fraction of bentonite from Kopernica (Slovakia) under acid treatment: A combined XRD, FTIR, MAS NMR and AES study T Martin Pentráka,d, Viktor Hronskýb, Helena Pálkováa, Peter Uhlíkc, Peter Komadela, ⁎ Jana Madejováa, a Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SK-845 36 Bratislava, Slovakia b Department of Physics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Technical University of Košice, Park Komenského 2, SK-040 01 Košice, Slovakia c Department of Geology of Mineral Deposits, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina, SK-842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia d Illinois State Geological Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, 615 E Peabody Dr., Champaign, IL 61820-6918, USA ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Acid activation of clay minerals is one of the most effective methods proposed to produce materials with in- Bentonite Kopernica creased acidity and adsorption properties. In this work fine fraction of bentonite from deposit Kopernica Montmorillonite (Slovakia) was treated with 6 mol/L HCl. Variety of methods were employed in order to investigate the structural Acid treatment changes occurring as a result of the acid activation. Quantitative XRD analysis and FTIR revealed a dominant MAS NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy presence of montmorillonite, with K-feldspars, quartz, volcanic glass, opal C, ferrihydrite, biotite and kaolinite Specific surface area admixtures in acid untreated sample. 29Si MAS NMR spectra also confirmed accessory siliceous phases. 27Al MAS Acid sites NMR showed that approximately 10% of Al was bound in the tetrahedral sites of montmorillonite.
    [Show full text]