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Steller Sea Lion Is Given Emergency Protection

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Steller Sea Lion Is Given Emergency Protection May 1990 Vol. XV No. 5 Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Technical Bulletin Service, Washington, D.C. 20204 Steller Sea Lion is Given Emergency Protection Responding to a dramatic decline in Register. The Fish and Wildlife Service Aleutian Islands, the Bering Sea, the Gulf the number of Steller or northern sea codified the determination, and on April of Alaska, and along the Pacific coastline lions {Eumetopias jubatus) in Alaska, 10, the Steller sea lion was added to the down to southern California. More than the National Marine Fisheries Service List of Endangered and Threatened 50 breeding colonies or rookeries have (NMFS) has taken emergency action to Wildlife. The 240-day emergency rule is been identified in the United States. Most protect this species throughout its range effective through December 3, 1990. of the rookeries are on isolated islands, under the Endangered Species Act. The Steller sea lion is a large seal, with free from human disturbance, in the Gulf The emergency action was prompted males reaching up to 11 feet (350 centi- of Alaska and southern Bering Sea. by a November 1989 petition from meters) in total length and weighing over the Environmental Defense Fund and 1 ton (910 kilograms). Females are much Decline in Numbers 17 other environmental organizations to smaller, averaging about 8 feet (240 cm) list all populations of the Steller sea lion in in total length and weighing about In the 1970's, the number of Steller sea Alaska as Endangered. NMFS, which has 605 pounds (275 kg). The species' diet lions in the eastern Aleutian Islands responsibility under the Endangered consists mainly of various fishes (such as (which has one of the largest concen- Species Act for most marine species, pollock, halibut, herring, salmon, cod, and trations in the United States) began de- subsequently concluded that the species flounder), octupi, and crustaceans. clining. The decline subsequently spread should be listed as Threatened on an The Steller sea lion's range extends to the western Gulf of Alaska, the central emergency interim basis and published a from Japan through the Soviet Union's (continued on page 9) determination in the April 5, 1990, Federal Kuril Islands, the Okhotak Sea, the Steller sea lions hauled out on the Chiswell Islands, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge ENDANGERED SPECIES TECHNICAL BULLETIN Vol. XV, No. 5 (1990) otter known to have been weaned at the island. Frequent mating behavior was observed among the sea otters, indicating that the otters' social behavior appears to be normal. * * * Preliminary indications from the 1990 population census of the least Bell's vireo {Vireo bellii pusillus) suggest that last year's significant population decline will not be repeated this year. At least three major areas (Prado Basin, Pilgrim Creek, and San Diego River) already support more birds than in 1989. The Service's Ventura, California, Field Station staff recently met with Southern California Edison, Seneca Resources Corporation, and Santa Fe Petroleum Corporation to discuss the burial of trans- Regional endangered species Wildlife Service In April 1990, found mission lines in the vicinity of the Andean staffers have reported the following 15 adult southern sea otters (Enhydra condor {Vultur gryphus) experimental news: luths nereis), Including two adults that had release site. Burying the transmission Region 1—The latest survey of San not been observed since October 1989, lines would reduce the possibility of the Nicolas Island, conducted by the Fish and and one new pup. The pup is the first sea condors being electrocuted. The com- panies would like to cooperate with the Service and are exploring the economic U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 3, Federal BIdg., Fort Snelling, Twin feasibility of burying the transmission Washington, D.C. 20240 Cities, MM 55111 (612-725-3500); James lines. C. Gritman, Regional Director; Gerald R. John Turner, Director Lowry, Assistant Regional Director; * « * (202-343-4717) Ronald L. Refsnider, Endangered Species The 1990 California condor {Gym- Ralph O. Morgenweck Specialist. Assistant Director for Fish nogyps californianus) breeding season came to a close with the hatching of two and Wildlife Enhancement Region 4, Richard B. Russell Federal BIdg., more condors at the San Diego Wild Ani- (202-343-4646) 75 Spring St., S.W., Atlanta, GA 30303 William E. Knapp, Chief, (404-331-3580); James W. Pulliam, mal Park and Los Angeles Zoo. The cap- Division of Endangered Species and Regional Director; David Flemming, En- tive condors produced a total of 15 eggs Habitat Conservation dangered Species Specialist. this season, of which 8 hatched. All (703-358-2161) 8 chicks are doing well. Biologists will not Marshall P. Jones, Chief, Region 5, One Gateway Center, Suite 700, try to determine the sex of the condor Office of IVIanagement Authority Newton Corner, MA 02158 (617-965- chicks for another 6 to 7 months in order (703-358-2093) 5100); Ronald E. Lambertson, Regional to avoid stress that could kill the birds. Clark R. Bavin, Chief, Director; Ralph Pisapia, Assistant There are now 40 California condors, all Regional Director; Paul Nickerson, En- Division of Law Enforcement of them in two captive breeding facilities. (703-358-1949) dangered Species Specialist. The number of condors has almost TECHNICAL BULLETIN Region 6, P.O. Box 25486, Denver Federal doubled since 1982, when there were Michael Bender, Editor Center; Denver, CO 80225 (303-236- 22 condors. The Service hopes to begin Michael Rees, Assistant Editor 7920); Galen Buterbaugh, Regional Direc- releasing condors into the wild as early as (703-358-2186) tor; Robert E. Jacobsen, Assistant 1991. Regional Director; Larry Shanks, Endan- Meanwhile, the Service is soliciting Regional Offices gered Species Specialist. nominations for a third captive breeding Region 1,1002 N.E. Holladay St., Portland, Region 7,1011 E. Tudor Rd., Anchorage, AK facility for California condors. Readers OR 97232-4181 (503-231-6118); Marvin 99503 (907-786-3542); Walter O. Stieglitz, with suggestions are Invited to contact the Plenert, Regional Director; Robert P. Regional Director; Rowan Gould, Assis- Ventura Field Office, 2291-A Portola Smith, Assistant Regional Director; Bob tant Regional Director; Ron Garrett, En- Ruesink, Endangered Species Specialist Road, Suite 300, Ventura, California dangered Species Specialist. 93003 (telephone: 805/644-1766; FTS Region 2, P.O. Box 1306, Albuquerque, MM Region 8 (FWS Research and Development 983-6039). * * « 87103 (505-766-2321); Michael J. Spear, nationwide), Washington, D.C. 20240; Regional Director; James A. Young, John D. Buffington, Regional Director; A\ Region 3—The Fish and Wildlife Serv- Assistant Regional Director; Steve Sherk, Endangered Species Specialist ice's Marion, Illinois, Field Office has been Chambers, Endangered Species (703-358-1710). working with the U.S. Forest Service's Specialist. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regions Shawnee National Forest to update Its "Standards and Guides for the Manage- Region 1: California, Hawaii, Idalio, Nevada, Oregon, Wasliington, American Samoa, Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, and the Pacific Trust Territories. Region 2: Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas. Region ment of Timber Harvests." One standard 3: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, and Wisconsin. Region 4: Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, in this internal agency document has spe- Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin cial significance for protecting the Endan- Islands. Region 5: Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, gered Indiana bat (Myotis sodalis) in New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia and West Virginia. Region 6: Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, and Wyoming. Region 7; Alaska. Region 8: Research and southern Illinois. The Forest Service Is Development nationwide. Region 9: Washington, D.C., Office. considering changing the current standard THE ENDANGERED SPECIES TECHNICAL BULLETIN is published monthly by the U.S. Fish that preserves wooded corridors along and Wildlife Service, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. 20240. both sides of perennial streams In the Shawnee National Forest, expanding It to include intermittent streams. Expansion of (continued on page 11) 2 ENDANGERED SPECIES TECHNICAL BULLETIN Vol. XV, No. 5 (1990) 1989 Amendments to CITES Strengthen Protection for Endangered Wildlife and Plants Susan S. Lieberman species is subject to regulation, and is (Stricter domestic measures for trans- Office of Management Authority allowed only if export permits are ob- porting live animals exist in many coun- Washington, D.C. tained stating that trade will not harm the tries, including the United States. The species. Appendix III lists species that domestic regulations for transporting live The international trade in plants and individual CITES Parties identify as animals to the United States (50 CFR 14) wildlife, including whole plants, animal subject to domestic regulations for the are currently being revised.) skins, body parts, worked pieces, and live purpose of restricting or preventing The Parties to CITES also established specimens, is both big business and a exploitation. Permits also are required for a Working Group on Transport of Live major factor affecting worldwide biodiver- trade in Appendix III
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