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Land at Mangrove Road Hertford Hertfordshire Land at Mangrove Road Hertford Hertfordshire Archaeological Evaluation for RPS Group on behalf of Cala Homes CA Project: MK0139 CA Report: MK0139_3 April 2020 Land at Mangrove Road Hertford Hertfordshire Archaeological Evaluation CA Project: MK0139 CA Report: MK0139_3 Site code: MGR20 Document Control Grid Revision Date Author Checked by Status Reasons for Approved revision by 1 05/03/2020 Andrew Adrian Draft - APS Whelan Scruby 2 10/03/2020 Andrew Adrian Draft Client review APS Whelan Scruby 3 22/04/2020 Andrew Adrian Final LPA review APS Whelan Scruby This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission. © Cotswold Archaeology © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Mangrove Road, Hertford, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation CONTENTS SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 2 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................ 3 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND ................................................................ 4 3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................... 10 4. METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................... 11 5. RESULTS (FIGS 2-9) ......................................................................................... 12 6. THE FINDS ........................................................................................................ 15 7. THE BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE .......................................................................... 17 8. DISCUSSION ..................................................................................................... 18 9. CA PROJECT TEAM .......................................................................................... 19 10. REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 20 APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS .................................................................... 21 APPENDIX B: THE FINDS .............................................................................................. 24 APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ......................................... 25 APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM .......................................................................... 26 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Trench location plan showing archaeological features (1:500) Fig. 3 Trench 1: plan, section and photographs (1:200, 1:20) Fig. 4 Trench 3: plan, sections and photographs (1:200, 1:20) Fig. 5 Trench 4: plan, section and photographs (1:200, 1:20) Fig. 6 Trench 10: plan, section and photographs (1:200, 1:20) Fig. 7 Trench 11: plan, sections and photograph (1:200, 1:20) Fig. 8 Trench 12: plan, section and photograph (1:200, 1:20) Fig. 9 Trenches 6, 7, 8 and 9: photographs 1 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Mangrove Road, Hertford, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation SUMMARY Project Name: Land at Mangrove Road, Hertford Location: Land at Mangrove Road, Hertford, Hertfordshire NGR: 533020 211870 Type: Evaluation Date: 3-7 February 2020 Location of Archive: To be deposited with Hertford Museum Site Code: MGR 20 An archaeological evaluation was undertaken in February 2020, by Cotswold Archaeology acting on behalf of RPS Consulting for Cala Homes, on land at Mangrove Road, Hertford. The information obtained from the evaluation will be used to support a forthcoming planning application for the site, which is located immediately to the south of a Late Bronze Age settlement investigated in 2005, on the site of the former Ashbourne Hostels (now Ashbourne Gardens). Twelve trenches were excavated, mainly in the north and central part of the site, primarily with the aim of identifying any continuation of the Bronze Age remains to the north. Pits, postholes and two ditches were revealed, scattered across the site. Three trenches did not contain any archaeological features, while others demonstrated that some areas have been disturbed by roots from trees and bushes that have recolonised large parts of the site in last decade. While many of the features that were investigated did not produce any artefactual material, evidence for a continuation of the Bronze Age settlement to the north was identified. A ditch in trench 10 produced four sherds of prehistoric pottery and a small pit in trench 12 also produced a single sherd, while a probable rubbish pit in trench 4, which contained a very charcoal-rich soil that may be in part derived from cooking or hearth waste, contained twenty-one sherds of Bronze Age pottery. While fragments of Roman ceramic building material were recovered from the site, no features of late prehistoric, Roman, Saxon or Medieval date were identified. Post-medieval or modern features included a possible tree throw or root bole in trench 3 that contained post-medieval pottery, brick and tile in the backfill. 2 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Mangrove Road, Hertford, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 In February 2020 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for RPS Group on behalf Cala Homes on land at Mangrove Road, Hertford, Hertfordshire (centred at NGR: 533020 211870; Fig. 1). The evaluation was undertaken to support a forthcoming planning application for the site. 1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with pre-application consultation between RPS Consulting and the Hertfordshire County Council Historic Environment Unit (Dr Simon Wood, Historic Environment Advisor (HEA)), in their capacity as archaeological advisors to the local planning authority, East Hertfordshire District Council (EHDC), and with a subsequent detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by RPS Group (2019) and approved by the HEA. The project also followed the Standard and guidance for archaeological field evaluation (CIfA 2014) and was monitored by the HEA, including a site visit on 5th February 2020. The site 1.3 The proposed development area is approximately 2.6ha in extent and comprises now partially wooded former sports fields. The site is bounded to the north by Ashbourne Gardens, to the east by Mangrove Road, running north-south, to the south by Mangrove Drive, and to the west by further woodland. The site lies at approximately 67m AOD; the western part site comprises the east side of small valley formed around a water course flowing south to north. The valley side within the western part of the site has a steep gradient, decreasing from 67m aOD in the centre of the site to a height of approximately 50m aOD adjacent to the stream forming the western site boundary (RPS 2019). 1.4 The underlying bedrock geology of the area is mapped as Lewes Nodular Chalk Formation and Seaford Chalk Formation, overlain by superficial Kesgrave Catchment Subgroup, sand and gravel (BGS 2019). This was broadly representative of the natural substrate observed during the evaluation. 3 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Mangrove Road, Hertford, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation 2. ARCHAEOLOGICAL BACKGROUND 2.1 The following information is derived from an Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment (ADBA) for the site (the study site) and a surrounding 1km study area (CgMs 2019). Numbers in parenthesis below refer to the ADBA gazetteer. Prehistoric 2.2 There are limited records on the HER dated to the Palaeolithic period. Several Palaeolithic tools were found during the early 20th century during quarrying at Ware Pit Road c.600m northeast of the study site (4127, TL 336 126), although detail relating to the nature and context of the artefacts recovered is not provided. A further Palaeolithic tool, in the form of a handaxe, was found c.550m north of the study site (2073, TL 3280 1250). 2.3 The only record for the Mesolithic period on the HER is for a Mesolithic tranchet axe and flint scatter that was found as part of a multi-period site at Foxholes Farm c.800m northeast of the study site (2131, TL 338 125), which saw continuous occupation from the Mesolithic throughout the Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, Romano-British and Saxon periods. 2.4 From around 4000 BC the mobile hunter-gathering economy of the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic gradually gave way to a more settled agriculture-based subsistence. The pace of woodland clearance to create arable and pasture-based agricultural land varied regionally and locally, depending on a wide variety of climatic, topographic, social and other factors. The trend was one of a slow, but gradually increasing pace of forest clearance. 2.5 There is evidence for continued activity in the Neolithic period at Foxholes Field, c.800m northeast, in the form of a series of pits (2131, TL 338 125). A Neolithic axe was found c.700m east of the study site (11613, TL 3390 1190), and there was a pit of possible Neolithic or Bronze Age date found in Balls Park, c.500m east (17458, TL 3368 1194). 2.6 Two small Neolithic pits were recorded during the excavations at Simon Balle School in 2015, located approximately 200m to the northeast of the site. 4 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Mangrove Road, Hertford, Hertfordshire: Archaeological Evaluation 2.7 A number of features, interpreted
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