Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway

Corridor Management Plan

This document was prepared by Julie Porter, Innovative Action, 110 N.E. Jessup Street, Portland, Oregon 9721 1,503-7352821 for the Travel Information Council and the Oregon Department of Transportation on behalf of the Klamath Basin and Northern California citizens, agencies and organizations whose time, energy and enthusiasm is transforming the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway from vision into reality. Special thanks and recognition is given to Christina Lilienthal, Winema National Forest and Pat McMillan, Klamath County Tourism for their inspirational leadership and perseverance.

January 2, 1997

?he United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in its m the bais of race, color. national origih se& religion, age, disability, political belie&, and marital or familial statu. (Not all prohibited basis apply to all programs.) Persons with disabilitieswbo require alternative means of communication of pr- information (braille, large print. audiotape, etc.) should contact the USDA mice of Communications at (202) 720-2791.

To file a complaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wfdungbn DC 20250, or call (202) 720-7327 (voice) or (202) 720-1 127 (TDD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer. TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. SUMMARY AND BACKGROUND History Description of Route Visitors Services

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HISTORY

The creation of the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway proposal began in May, 1995 and has evolved over the past year with the input and energy of many community members and agencies. At a meeting conducted by the Travel Information Council for the Oregon Department of Transportation, Pat McMillan, Director of the Klamath County Museum and Klamath County Tourism and Convention Bureau, and Christina Lilienthal, Landscape Architect for Winema National Forest, agreed to investigate the possibility of a Scenic Byway in Klamath County. The original concept was two scenic loops originating in Klamath Falls; one going south to include the National Wildlife Refuge and Lava Beds National Monument and one going north around Upper Klamath Lake with an option to take in Crater Lake National Park. With further discussion and exploration, the scenic byway concept evolved into a linear route that would connect Crater Lake National Park and Lassen Volcanic National Park via the Klamath Basin. This route gained enthusiastic support from Oregon Department of Transportation, U.S. National Forest Service and local representatives.

The process of developing the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway involved numerous individuals, agencies and organizations from Oregon and California. The work began under the auspices of the Klamath-Modoc-Lake Recreation Working Group which collaborates on recreation and tourism opportunities in the Klamath Basin. Public Steering Committee meetings were held regularly and attended by representatives from both states. Christina Lilienthal and Pat McMillan continued to spearhead the byway effort in Oregon. The Oregon-California Resource Conservation & Development Council agreed to initiate building community and political support for the scenic byway in California.

Community meetings were conducted in Fort Klamath, Chiloquin and Weed, California to gather input from those living on or near the route. The meetings were well attended and resulted in lively discussion and endorsement of the byway proposal. Continued broad-based involvement in both states carried the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway from its initial conception to this management plan.

Some of the people involved in the evolution of the Scenic Byway proposal are: Craig Dorman, Terry Hams and Gary Hathaway, Lava Beds National Monument; Larry Swan, Klamath-Lake-Modoc-Outdoor Recreation Working Group; Dave Henzel and

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan 1 Jean Elsner, Klamath County Commissioners; Jim Carpenter, Citizen, Wingwatchers; Dave Menke, U.S. Fish and Wildlife, Tulelake, CA; Alice Kilham, citizen, Co-Chair of the Hatfield Committee; Ralph Opp, Oregon Eagle Foundation, Wingwatchers; Randy Sharp and Bernie Weisgerber, Modoc National Forest; Pat McMillan, Klamath County Visitor and Convention Bureau and Director of the Klamath County Museum; Jan Bidegary, citizen, Running Y Resort; Joe McBride, citizen; Terry Anthony and Trey Sem, Klarnath Economic Development; and Christina Lilienthal, Craig Miller and Jerry Haugen, Winema National Forest; Lynn Schonchin, Jr., Klamath Tribes; Randy Bednar, ODOT - Klamath Falls Jim Beauchemin, Collier State Park; Dick Richards, CALTRANS; Jim Vancura and Joe Riker, ORE-CAL RC&D and City of Klamath falls; Merle Anderson, Siskiyou County Economic Development Council; JoAnn Rucker, Shasta Wonderland Association and Siskiyou County Visitors Bureau; Dennis Nelson, Klamath County Public Works, George Buckingham, Crater Lake National Park; and Jill Colembaro and Margaret Dean, Weed, CA.

DESCRIPTION OF ROUTE

The Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway begins at the dramatic scenery and natural history of Crater Lake and runs south through the heart of the Klamath Basin before crossing the California border and continuing through the magnificent Lava Beds National Monument, the historic lands of the Modoc Indian War, the mountains and rugged canyons of Modoc National Forest to its termination at Lassen Volcanic National Park. This scenic byway combines the grandeur of volcanic formations, the tranquil appeal of wildlife refuges and the fascination of cultural and natural history.

The 33-mile Crater I.ake Rim Drive provides motorists with breathtaking views of Crater Lake and nature's cataclysmic force from scenic viewpoints, picnicking spots and hiking trails. The Scenic Byway joins Highway 62 at the south entrance to Crater Lake National Park md descends through pine forests to the tranquil pasture land that surrounds Fort Klamath. Following West Side Road south, the Byway climbs into the forests of the Winema National Forest. As the drive meanders through peaceful forest and pasture land, it provides delightful views of the Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge and Upper Klamath Lake which are home to bald eagles, white pelicans and sandhill cranes. These majestic birds can be observed easily from the road. At Highway 140 the byway heads southeast along the Upper Klamath Lake to the intersection with Highway 97 at the southern boundary of Klamath Falls. After passing through residential and industrial areas, the byway again opens into the spacious basin of the Lower Klamath and Bear Valley National Wildlife Refuges before reaching the California border.

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan In California, State Line Road carries the byway east along the OregodCalifornia border to Hill Road and the Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge and impressive Lava Beds National Monument. From Tule Lake, the byway follows the U.S. Forest Service's Modoc National Scenic Byway along National Forest Road 49 past the popular recreational area of Medicine Lake. The byway cuts west to Little Mt. Hoffman Lookout on National Forest Road 15 and continues through the unique volcanic landscape of the Medicine Lakes Highland to the town of Bartle, CA. Hwy 89 carries the byway to the Lassen Scenic Byway and it's termination point in spectacular Lassen Volcanic National Park.

VISITOR SERVICES

The Oregon portion of the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway has numerous visitor services. These services are primarily clustered at Crater Lake National Park and the city of Klamath Falls. Crater Lake has two visitor areas-Mazama Village and Rim Village. Mazama Village is open from May to October and provides lodging through the Mazama Village Motor Inn and groceries, gas public showers and laundry. Rim Village features the historic Crater Lake Lodge and a variety of eating establishments. The greater Klamath Falls metropolitan area, with a population of approximately 47,000, is a full service visitors' center well equipped with motels, restaurants, gas stations, and groceries as well as cultural events and museums. There are Visitor Centers at the Klamath County Museum and Veteran's Park.

Between Crater Lake and Klamath Falls, Fort Klamath offers motels (open year-round) and restaurant (closed during the winter). Until recently, a gas station was located in Fort Klamath. With Scenic Byway designation and increased traffic, members of the community hope the town can again support a gas station.

Winema National Forest manages eighteen campgrounds and there is a 198-space campground at Mazama Village in Crater Lake National Park. Collier State Park, on a spur of the proposed scenic byway, also has campground facilities. There are several private campgrounds and RV parks between Crater Lake and Tulelake, California.

In California, gas, food and lodging services are centered in Tulelake, McCloud, Burney and Fall River Mills. A restaurant is open during the non-winter months in Bartle. Numerous camping facilities are available in Modoc National Forest and Lassen Volcanic National Park.

Volcanic LRgacy Scenic Byway Management Plan VISION

Designated as a Oregon Scenic Byway and All American Road, the route is a national and international destination point and alternative to driving Interstate 5. People are drawn by dramatic volcanic landscapes, panoramic views, abundant wildlife and historic small towns. Visitors find plentiful information and facilities along the way and are greeted by friendly people who enjoy sharing the treasures of their rural lifestyle and natural resources.

Special events, unique opportunities to view wildlife and interesting side trips encourage visitors to spend a few extra days exploring the area. Improvements and marketing of the Scenic Byway and its resources adds to the economic base of the Klamath Basin. People visiting the byway's rural communities builds a greater appreciation and understanding of the quality rural lifestyles and cultures. The Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway's reputation for awe-inspiring beauty, fascinating wildlife observation coupled with a warm welcome from local people, result in an exhilarating and satisfying travel and tourism experience.

GOALS

1. Build economic development and diversification.

2. Showcase Southern Central Oregon and Northern California.

3. Support scenic conservation.

4. Expand and maintain quality visitor services and facilities.

OBJECTIVES

1. Economic development and diversification a) Obtain All American Road designation, State and National Scenic Byway designation. b) Strengthen collaborative marketing to facilitate and increase tourism that leads to increased employment opportunities.

Volcanic tegacy Scenic Byway Management Plan 4 c) Develop and promote side trips and attractions to prolong visitor stays and encourage local resident exploration as a means of increasing revenue potential. d) Encourage the planned development of private resorts and agri-tourism opportunities that benefit the Scenic Byway and local economy. e) Support ecologically sensitive winter recreation development. f) Use Scenic Byway promotion as a means to enhance and support planned development. g) Extend seasonal offerings through the development and promotion of year- round tourism activities.

2. Showcase Southern Central Oregon and Northern California a) Educate and increase awareness of potential visitors through collaborative marketing and interpretation. b) Promote agritourism as a means for visitors to experience local culture. c) Support implementation of the Klamath Basin's Vision 2002, Vision for Image. d) Provide interpretation of volcanic, wildlife, agri-tourism and historicallcultural features and attractions.

3. Scenic conservation. a) Maintain or enhance present levels of natural and scenic resources on the byway. b) Work toward implementation of goals outlined in the Vision 2002, Klamath Falls/Wetlands document. c) Continue and build partnerships between public and private conservation efforts.

4. Quality visitor services and facilities. a) Market existing services and interpretive opportunities. b) Enhance existing services and develop new services, including travel facilities and interpretive opportunities, through private and public partnerships. c) Support development of Wetland Interpretive Center at Lake Ewauna.

Volcanic Legucy Scenic Byway Management Plan ENHANCEMENT & PRESERVATION

INTRINSIC VALUES OF THE CORRIDOR

OREGON CALIFORNIA

Scenic Scenic Crater Lake National Park Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Upper Klamath Lake Mount Shasta Lava Beds National Monument Lassen Volcanic National Park

Natural Natural Crater Lake Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge Klamath Basin Ecosystem Medicine Lake Highlands Upper Klamath Lake NWR Lava Beds National Monument Lower Klamath Lake NWR Lassen Volcanic National Park Bear Valley NWR Modoc National Forest Klamath Marsh NWR Geothermal Winema National Forest Geothermal

Historical Historical Fort Klamath Military Post Applegate Trail Fremont's Trail Nobles Emigrant Trail ApplegateTrail Lassen Emigrant Trail Bureau of Reclamation Klamath Bureau of Reclamation Tule Lake Basin Project Project Collier State Park Logging Museum Siskiyou County Museum Klamath County Museum Japanese Internment Camp Fort Klamath Museum German POW CampICCC Camp Crater Lake Lodge Modoc Indian War Baldwin Hotel Century Ranching The Big Valley Museum

Cultural Cultural Klamath Tribes Ranching Early Logging History Klamath Tribes Early Ranching & Agriculture Early Logging, Railroad & Goldmining History

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan ENHANCEMENT, PRESERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF POINTS OF INTEREST

The Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway is rich in scenic, natural/geological, recreational and historical features. It carries the traveler through countless points of interest that are being preserved and enhanced through The National Parks Service, USDA Forest Service and county, local and private efforts.

Crater Lake is the deepest lake in the United States and the seventh-deepest lake in the world. The awesome beauty of the Park draws approximately half a million people every year. The National Park Service spent seven years rebuilding Crater Lake Lodge after a grassroots campaign was initiated to save the lodge. The National Park maintains lodging, food, recreation and natural/historical interpretive services year-round for its visitors.

A vital portion of the North American flyway, the Klamath Basin is home to hundreds of species of migratory birds and a labyrinth of lakes and waterways. Numerous studies and proposals are in place to preserve and enhance the natural wonders of these resources while building a strong economic base as revenue from the previously dominant timber industry diminishes. The Klamath Wingwatchers, Inc., a not-for- profit organization, is pursuing a Wetlands Information Center to serve as a gateway to the Klamath Basin Area. A Wetlands Demonstration Area is also under construction on the Lower Klamath Lake national Wildlife Refuge. More than 189,000 acres of land in the Klamath Basin have been designated part of the U.S. National Wildlife Refuge system. A variety of ecosystems support more than 400 species of wildlife.

In 1992, several hundred area residents and community leaders participated in a comprehensive visioning process for the Klamath Basin entitled Vision 2002. Action plans for transportation improvements, economic development, Klamath Lake and wetlands, and more are being implemented as a result of that process. In addition, partnerships are being developed between Federal, State and County agencies, the city of Klamath Falls and private and non-profit organizations to increase access to recreation on and along the lakes and waterways, provide environmental interpretation and education, and preserve the natural ecology.

There are two major development projects in the area. The Running Y Ranch will be a destination resort with 18-hole golf course, hotel, condominiums and homesites. There is a Conceptual Master Plan being submitted to the Winema National Forest for construction of a winter ski area on Pelican Butte, 28 miles northwest of Klarnath Falls and 25 miles south of Crater Lake.

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan 7 The following is a list of specific points of interest and their management, enhancement and preservation strategies.

Resource: Crater Lake National Park Location: Crater Lake Management: National Park Service Condition: Excellent Enhancement Strategy: Crater Lake Lodge was renovated and reopened in 1995. The National Park Service Development Concept Plan and Winter Use Plan outline proposed enhancements including improvements to parking facilities. Preservation Strategy: National Park Service management at current or increased levels of protection.

Crater Lake National Park is located in Klamath County approximately 30 miles north of Klarnath Falls, along the crest of the Cascade mountain range. Formed after the volcanic eruption of Mount Mazama approximately 7,700 years ago, Crater Lake, with a depth of 1,932 feet, is the deepest lake in the United States and the seventh deepest lake in the world. Crater Lake National Park encompasses approximately 183,000 acres and was established in 1902 as the United States' sixth national park. Crater Lake Lodge is listed on the national Register of Historic Places.

Resource: Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Location: Upper Klamath National Wildlife Refuge Management: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Condition: Excellent Enhancement Strategy: None Preservation Strategy: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service management

Upper Klamath Refuge was established in 1928 and is comprised of 14,400 acres of mostly freshwater marsh and open water accessible only by boat. These habitats serve as excellent nesting and brood-rearing areas for waterfowl and colonial nesting birds including American white pelican and several heron species. Bald eagle and osprey nest nearby. A canoe trail north of Pelican Bay is jointly administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife and Winema National Forest.

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan Resource: Lower Klamath Lake National Wildlife Refuge Location: South of Klamath Falls off Hwy 97 Management: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Condition: Excellent Enhancement Strategy: None Preservation Strategy: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service management

Established by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1908, it was the nation's first waterfowl refuge. It is 53,600 acres of shallow freshwater marshes, open water, grassy uplands, and croplands that are intensively managed to provide feeding, resting, nesting, and brood-rearing habitat for waterfowl and other water birds. The refuge covers an extensive area in both Oregon and California. There are extensive auto routes through the refuge with interpretive panels for visitor information and superb opportunities to view wildlife year-round.

Resource: Bear Valley Refuge Location: South of Klamath Lake, west of Hwy 97 Management: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services Condition: Good Enhancement Strategy: None Preservation Strategy: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services

The refuge consists of 4,200 acres, primarily of old growth ponderosa pine, cedar and white and Douglas firs. These mature trees provide night roost site for wintering bald eagles. As many as 300 bald eagles have used the roost in a single night. Although the refuge is closed to all public entry, an observation point off Hwy 97 offers a vantage point from which to view early morning fly- outs of bald eagles. Bear Valley is one of five roosting sites for the largest wintering population of bald eagles in the contiguous United States. Each February, Klamath Falls hosts an international bald eagle conference.

Resource: Upper Klamath Lake Location: North of Klamath Falls Management: Multiple Jurisdictions Condition: Good Enhancement Strategy: As outlined in the Vision 2002 Klamath Lake and Wetlands study, measures are being taken to improve access along Highway 140 between Moore Park and Odessa to promote recreation on the lake, campground development, bird watching sites, and the development of hot springs area. (Appendix C)

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan Preservation Strategy: There is increasing awareness of the importance of the lake to the Klamath Basin ecosystem and economic development for the area. Federal and State agencies are increasing their conservation efforts in the area. Private and not-for-profit organizations are purchasing lands to be set aside for recreation and environmental education.

The Klamath Lake is the largest natural lake in Oregon. The northwestern portion of the lake is bordered by the Winema National Forest which provides opportunities for hiking, biking, climbing and mushroom gathering. The National Forest maintains a canoe route into the Upper Klamath Lake Wildlife Refuge and hundreds of species of migratory birds stop on the lake each year. Rainbow trout fishing is popular at Pelican Bay.

The lower portion is a popular recreation area with acres of lakeside parks and marinas which offer access to sailing, fishing and other water recreation.

Resource: Fort Klamath Park and Museum Location: Fort Klamath, on Hwy 531 (West Side Road) Management: Klamath County Condition: Good Enhancement Strategy: Preservation Strategy:

This museum is the site of the frontier military post that was established in 1863. The frontier $ost played an important role in the 1864 peace treaty of Council Grove and during the Modoc Indian War. Eight acres of the original fort has been preserved as the Klamath County Park. The Museum is located in an old log structure and contains historical artifacts of the period.

Resource: Kimball State Park Location: Sun Path Highway, Sun Path State Forest Management: Oregon State Parks Department Condition: Fair Enhancement Strategy: Preservation Strategy: Oregon State Parks Department management

This State Park offers campgrounds at the headwaters of the Wood River.

Resource: Wood River Day Use Area Location: Sun Path Highway Management: Winema National Forest

Volcanic LRgacy Scenic Byway Management Plan Condition: Excellent Enhancement Strategy: Additional barrier-free facilities are planned by the Winema National Forest in partnership with private organizations. Improvements include an accessible boardwalk with interpretation through the wetlands and another accessible fishing platform. Preservation Strategy: Winema National Forest management

This newly built, 32 acre wayside provides totally accessible facilities for picnicking, fishing, interpretive trails, and bus parking for groups. It was built through an award-winning public and private partnership effort.

Resource: Klamath Falls (Population 18,085) Location: Hw y 97 Management: Municipality Condition: Good Enhancement Strategy: A community-driven vision and action plan process is documented in a publication entitled Vision 2002. Excerpts can be found in the Appendix. Preservation Strategy: NA

The largest community in Klamath County, Klamath Falls offers a full range of services. The Klamath County Museum and the Baldwin Hotel are two popular attractions in the Klamath Falls' Historic Downtown. The Baldwin Hotel is a State and national Historic landmark. The four-story brick structure was built by George T. Baldwin in the early 1900's and contains original furnishings.

Resource: Eagle Ridge Location: Off Hw y 140 Management: Klamath County Condition: Minimally developed; generally good condition Enhancement Strategy: Preservation Strategy:

Resource: Lake Ewanna Location: Klamath Falls Management: Multiplejurisdictions Condition: Good Enhancement Strategy: Klamath Wingwatchers, Inc., a not-for-profit organization, is developing a Wetland Interpretive Center. There is community support and partnerships developing for increased picnic areas and trails,

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan 11 improved boat access, parking and fishingthandicap access (see Appendix C for Vision 2002 Action Plan). Recent removal of Modoc Lumber company facilities may open opportunities for appmpriate recreation and tourism development of the lakeshore. Preservation Strategy :

The interpretive area that borders the lake provides a wildlife viewing area adjacent to the Klamath Falls urban area. The lake itself is a popular recreation site for boating and fishing.

Resource: Moore Park Location: Hwy 140 Management: City of Klamath Falls Condition: Good Enhancement Strategy: The Vision 2002 Klamath LakeIWetlands Study is proposing to develop "diverse, well defined, recreational opportunities along a pristine lakeshore line to include: beaches, lakeside concert center, marina complex, boating and other activities." See App-ndix C for Vision 2002 Action Plan. Preservation Strategy:

Resource: Collier State Park and Logging Museum Location: Hwy 97,north of Chiloquin Management: Oregon State Parks Department Condition: Good Enhancement Strategy: Preservation Strategy: Oregon Parks Department management

The Logging Museum displays pioneer logging equipment and holds a "Living History Day" during the summer. The park provides camping and picnicking facilities along the Williamson River which is renown for its trout fishing.

b Resource: Applegate Emigrant Trail Monument Location: Oregon-California State line on State Highway 97 Management: Klamath County Department of Tourism Condition: Excellent Enhancement Strategy: This monument was dedicated in 19%. Preservation Strategy: Joint agreement between Dorris Lions Club and Klamath County Department of Tourism.

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan The monument is built on the border between Oregon and California. The dedication ceremony was held on July 2, 1996. The are extensive parking facilities for visitors. Interpretive panels explain the history of the Applegate Trai 1.

Resource: Klamath Wildlife Area Location: Six miles southwest of Klamath Falls, off Hwy 97 Management: Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Condition: Good Enhancement Strategy: None Preservation Strategy: ODFWmanagement

This 3400 acre State area includes wetlands and croplands that provide habitats and food resources for the wildlife of the Klamath Basin. The area harbors some of the vegetation historically abundant in the basin. It attracts thousands of migrating geese, reducing crop damage in surrounding agricultural land. This area is home to egrets, herons, sandhill cranes, geese, ducks and swans.

Resource: Running Y Ranch (under construction) Location: Hwy 140, 10 miles west of Klamath Falls Management: Private Condition: Under construction Enhancement Strategy: NA Preservation Strategy: NA

This destination resort will be located on 9,600 acres that lie along the southwest shore of Upper Klamath Lake. Development plans call for a championship golf course designed by Arnold Palmer, a 250-room hotel, 350 condominium units and 900 homesites. There will also be a restaurant, small retail center and an interpretive center. Marshlands adjacent to the golf course will be restored as wildlife habitat and for recreation.

Resource: Pelican Butte Ski Area (proposed) Location: Pelican Butte, 28 miles northwest of Klamath Falls Management: Private management under Special Use Permit from Winema National Forest. Condition: NA

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan Enhancement Strategy: NA Preservation Strategy: NA Pelican Butte Ski Area is proposed as a year-round recreation area with alpine and cross country skiing in the winter and the integration of a gondola lift and hiking trails in the summer. Resource: Klamath Marsh National Wildlife Refuge Location: North of Chiloquin, east of Hwy 97 Management: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services Condition: Good Enhancement Strategy: None Preservation Strategy: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services management

The refuge is 37,600 acres of marsh and meadow environment. It provides nesting, feeding and resting habitat for waterfowl and sandhill cranes. Hiking trails and bicycle routes as well as canoeing areas provide access and recreation in the refuge.

Resource: Winema National Forest Location: Klamath County Management: U.S. Forest Service Condition: Good Enhancement Strategy: Preservation Strategy: Bordering Upper Klamath Lake on three sides, the Winema National Forest is managed for multiple use with primary emphasis on management of scenery resources, bald eagle and spotted owl habitat management and wilderness resources in areas within view of the proposed Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway. Portions of the Sky Lakes and Mountain Lakes Wilderness areas are important high elevation viewing features for the forest visitor. Several recreation facilities are available along the route including campgrounds, picnic areas, boat launches and trains.

Interpretive Strategy Options abound along the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway proposed route. As evidenced by the above list, the byway route contains valuable natural and cultural resources. With coordinated planning and effort, the integrity and authenticity of these unique attributes can be emphasized to the benefit of local communities and visitors alike. There are tremendous opportunities for guided or directed interpretation for education such as tours, youth programs, field trips, seminars, conferences (such as the annual Bald Eagle Conference and technical agricultural conferences), international exchanges, auto tours and special events, including familiarization tours.

Volcunic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan 14 Some interpretive strategy options that are under consideration in connection with the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway include: Interagency contracting opportunities at the federal, state, county or local levels for implementation of mutually beneficial projects. The Oregon Heritage Commission is developing a comprehensive interpretive approach, state-wide. The county fully expects to participate in that effort. Themes for interpretation and tourism marketing efforts have been identified for the Byway Proposal. the primary themes are volcanism and geology, and wildlife and wetlands. In addition, there are two strong secondary themes in heritage resources and agritourism. Self-directed citizen actions would especially be important in heritage resource and agritourism economic development opportunities and efforts. Once the Scenic Byway is designated, interest in this area will increase and project proposals carried to fruition. Use existing Visitor Information Services and Centers to expand information distribution and educational offerings. Of these, we have points along the route that are strategically located to well utilize this option. Expand and develop the Applegate Wayside into a state-line facility that will benefit both south central Oregon and northern Califomia through interpretation and orientation to tourism attractions. (ODOT has written a letter of support for this project).

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan TRANSPORTATION

ROAD FUNCTION AND MAINTENANCE

The proposed Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway spans approximately 44 miles on its journey from Crater Lake National Park to the California border. It is a system of paved, two-lane county, state and federal roadways. The Crater Lake Rim Drive and access road is managed by the National Parks Service.The remainder of the proposed Scenic Byway incorporates State Highways 62, 140 and 97, and Klamath County's Highway 53 1 (West Side Road).

The roads within Crater Lake National Park are intended exclusively for recreation and tourism transportation. The maintenance strategy is to preserve the roads in their present condition with minimal improvements. Highway 62 from Fort Klarnath to Mazama Village will be repaved this summer (19%). rclm Village to Park Headquarters was repaved in stages since 1992. The stretch of road from Park Headquarters to Mazama Village was resurfaced during the summer of 1995. Commercial trucking is not permitted on Highway 62 within the National Park. The National Park Service and the Oregon Department of Transportation work in close cooperation regarding Park access road maintenance.

Highway !X' covers approximately 13 miles from the southern end of the Klamath Falls to the California border. It is a important interstate, regional and local transportation facility for moving people, goods and services. It is used as an alternative to 1-5 for travel between California and the Willamette Valley and Central Oregon. It is a major truck route with trucks using it to avoid the grade and snow conditions on 1-5 in the Siskiyou Mountains. Recreational travelers use the highway year-round to reach several recreational destinations including Crater Lake National Park, Mt. Bachelor Ski Area, and Deschutes and Winema National Forests. According to the Oregon Department of Transportation's U.S. Highway !X' Corridor Strategy (Madras - California Border) dated November, 1995, the overall goal for the US. !X' Comdor (Madras - California border) is: "to promote commerce by efficiently distributing goods and services, while enhancing travel safety, maintaining environmental integrity, and preserving regional quality of life." As part of this plan, detailed strategy objectives were developed to set direction and provide guidance for transportation plans and enhancements.Those objectives relevant to the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway relate to: rest stops and driving experience which would apply particularly to the Midland (State) Visitor Center and the Applegate Wayside facilities on State Highway !X' (Appendix D, page 53,

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan 16 Objective D6); scenic and cultural resources (Appendix D, page 54, Objective El; and maintenance plans for environmentally and culturally sensitive areas (Appendix D, page 54, Objective E3).

Klamath County's West Side Road is a narrow, two-lane road used for local access, recreation and agricultural and logging trucking between Highway 140 and Highway 97. It winds through the forest west of Upper Klamath Lake and drops down into pasture land as it approaches Fort Klamath and intersects with Highway 62. The road cairies, at most, only about 200 vehicles per day. Over the past several years the volume of truck traffic has increased due to improvements made on Highway 140. Trucks comprise approximately 40-3% of the road's total traffic volume. The roadway is well maintained and will continue to be maintained at current levels for the next several years.

SAFETY AND HAZARDS

The stretch of Highway 97 between the California border and the southern end of the Klamath Falls Urban Growth Boundary falls well below the statewide average for number of accidents per vehicle miles traveled and number of accidents per mile of highway according to ODOT trafficlaccident counts. There are no incorporated communities or significant highway junctions to provide congestion or hazardous conditions. On West Side Road, the combination of truck and recreation use is not considered a hazard due to the startlingly low traffic volume (200 vehicleslday). Local residents believe the road is safe for passenger vehicles and bicycles despite the truck traffic.

The roads within Crater Lake National Park have some hazardous features inherent to mountainous, park roads. The lanes are 11 feet wide with steeper grades and several 15 mph curves. In the winter there are hazards resulting from the heavy snowfall and presence of snow removal equipment that operates 18 hourslday, seven days a week.

SEASONALITY

Except for the Crater Lake Rim Drive, all segments of Oregon's Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway are open year-round. The southern entrance to Crater Lake National Park from Highway 62 is the only park entrance that is open in the winter. State Highways 140 and 97 are two of ODOT's highest priorities for winter snow removal and stay open throughout the year. West Side Road is plowed by Klamath County. The Rim Drive is closed from October to late May.

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan 17 SIGNAGE

Portal signs would be placed at Diamond Lake junction on Highway 97 and the OregonICalifornia border. Because of the heavy snowfall in Crater Lake National Park and the subsequent difficulty keeping signs visible and away from snow plows and blowers, the National Park Service has requested that no signs be installed in the Park. Portal signs are provided by the State of Oregon.

Trailblazer signs will be needed at the north Crater Lake Park entrance and Highway 138, the south Crater Lake Park entrance and Highway 62, Highway 62 and Loosely Road, West Side Road and Highway 140, and Highway 140 and Highway 97. Signs placed midway on Highway 62, West Side Road and Highway 140 are desirable but not mandatory. Trailblazer signs are funded by the State of Oregon or the local road jurisdiction when the route achieves Scenic Byway designation.

Funding for intermediary signs on Highway 62, West Side Road and Highway 140 and signage to points of interest will be sought through ISTEA (if national designation is achieved) and other grant monies. In addition, Oregon Trail License Plate funding can assist with signing the Applegate Trail for such culturally significant sites as the Natural Stone Bridge and the Applegate Wayside.

Volcanic kgmy Scenic Byway Management Plan LAND USE

OWNERSHIP AND ZONING

The Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway begins at the dramatic vista of the Rim Drive at Crater Lake National Park. As it descends in elevation and latitude, it travels through beautiful pine forests and into open pasture land. South of Fort Klamath, the roadway heads west and ascends again into the Winema National Forest on the west side of Upper Klamath Lake. There are stunning views of Upper Klamath Lake and the marshes of the National Wildlife Refuge from forested vantage points and the tranquil pasture land northeast of Klamath Falls. The Byway travels through residential, commercial and industrial areas at Klamath Falls. The industrial area south of the city gives way to the expansive beauty of wildlife refuge areas and the approach of the California border.

The land adjoining the byway is publicly and privately owned. The Klamath County Comprehensive Plan designates future land use along the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway as Forestry, Agricultural, Open Space and Conservation, Urban Residential, General Commercial, and Industrial. Public lands are managed by the National Parks Service, Winema National Forest and the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service.

The applicable Klamath County land use zoning classifications include: Forestry Exclusive Farm Use-CropiGrazing Exclusive Farm Use Open Space & Conservation Forest/Range Suburban Residential Heavy Industrial Recreation Commercial Definitions for these classifications can be found in Appendix E.

Forestry allocations are primarily those managed by the Winema National Forest and are located west of Upper Klamath Lake. Lands allocated Open Space & Conservation are located within the boundaries of Crater Lake National Park at the north end of the byway, within the Wilderness areas of the Winema National Forest west of Klamath

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan 19 Lake and at the Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges. The open pasture east of West Side Road is zoned Exclusive Farm Use-Grazing while scattered sections of the Byway are Exclusive Farm Use-Crop~Grazingand Forest/Range.Within the Klamath Falls Urban Growth Boundary, a small area is Residential, Recreation Commercial, Heavy Industrial and Exclusive Farm Use-Cropland. Hwy 97 returns to Open Space & Conservation lands managed by Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife south of Klamath Falls. The least scenic stretch of the byway is Highway 97 south of Klamath Falls which has scattered parcels zoned Recreation Commercial, Transportation Commercial and Light/Heavy Industrial.

The industrial and commercial zones are subject to county planning guidelines. The Scenic Byway Steering Group plans to meet with interested local residents to encourage self-directed ideas and actions for improvement in their areas. It is anticipated that with Byway designation, there will be increased local effort in conjunction with the Byway vision. As the area benefits from increased tourism and visitor traffic, not only will there be an increase in needs and expectations by visitors, but income derived from increased tourism traffic will allow improvements to be financed.

MANAGEMENT

The Winema National Forest manages a large proportion of the land west of West Side Road and Hwy 140. The primary Management Area classification is Bald Eagle Habitat. There are small segments of management areas defined as Scenic, Riparian, Minimum, and Developed Recreation. The following is a brief description of these Management Areas from the Winema National Forest Plan.

Bald Eagle Habitat-Management Area 9 GOAL-To maintain, enhance, and provide nesting, foraging, and winter roosting habitat for bald eagles consistent with the Pacific States Bald Eagle Recovery Pan (1983) and Working Implementation Plan for the Bald Eagle Recovery in Oregon and Washington (1989). This management area was amended by Option 9 of the President's Forest Plan but remains similar. DESCRIPTION-Lands where there are nesting bald eagle pairs or winter roosting eagles or where potential habitat exists for additional nesting pairs or for winter roosting eagles. Nesting habitat generally occurs in overmature stands. DESIRED FUTURE CONDITION-An increase in the number of nesting bald eagles and maintenance of wintering populations of bald eagles on the Forest.

Scenic Management-Management Area 3 GOAL-To maintain and create visually appealing scenery that represents the landscape Volcanic Legmy Scenic Byway Management Plan 20 areas, and bodies of water. DESCRIFTION-Lands visible for a distance up to 5 miles from selected travelways, bodies of water, or public use areas. DESIRED FUTURE CONDITION-Forested environment. This environment includes a mix of native coniferous trees and shrubs, periodically interspersed with natural meadows and flats, talus slopes, rock outcrops, and rimrock.

Riparian Management -Management Area 8 GOAL-To protect soil, water, wetland, floodplain, wildlife, and fish resource values associated with riparian vegetative communities. Existing conditions will be maintained or enhanced. DESCRIRION-Lands that are characterized by streams, lakes, ponds, springs, and wetlands. DESIRED FUTURE CONDITION-Riparian vegetative areas containing openings and meadows. Few roads and other facilities are present within the riparian area.

Minimum Management -Management Area 14 GOAL-To manage for site protection primarily and for any wildlife, recreation, and other resources that may be inherent. DESCRIFTION-Lands that are not allocated to any other management area. Examples of lands typical of this management area include: forestland that is unable to produce more than 20 cubic feet of timber per acre per year, or noriforestland with soils too poor, erodible, or rocky to support significant amounts of forage. DESIRED FUTURE CONDITION-For all lands in this management area to remain in their present condition. Generally, changes in the current condition are natural, or they are for safety of the incidental forest user, protection of adjacent lands, or maintenance of basic productivity of the land.

Developed Recreation-Management Area 2 GOAL-To provide a variety of recreation opportunities and development levels at developed recreation sites. Emphasis is to meet the demand for developed camping, except on holiday weekends. DESCRIPTION-Lands that currently have developed recreation facilities or are identified as potential development sites. These facilities include Forest Service and privately operated sites. DESIRED FUTURE CONDITION-To develop recreation occurring in a natural- appearing forest environment. Developed recreation areas are generally accessible by passenger car.

The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service manages the Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges which encompass the Upper Klamath NWR, Klamath Marsh NWR,

Volcanic kgacy Scenic Byway Management Plan 21 Wildlife Refuges which encompass the Upper Klamath NWR, Klamath Marsh NWR, Lower Klamath NWR, Tule Lake NWR and Bear Valley NWR. The management goals for these refuges can be summarized as the preservation and enhancement of existing habitat and associated wildlife. They are primarily comprised of wetlands and marsh with the exception of Bear Valley NWR which is heavily timbered upland habitat. According to a 1964 public law, the lands within Tule Lake, Lower Klamath, Upper Klamath, and Clear Lake National Wildlife Refuges are "dedicated to the major purpose of waterfowl management, but with full consideration to optimum agricultural use that is consistent therewith". The land is used cooperatively by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Reclamation, with the USFWS having ultimate administrative control.

The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife have identified objectives for employment over their 3,717 acres in their Klamath Wildlife Area Long Range Management Plan which include: Provide waterfowl forage and loafing areas for over four million use days per year. Provide habitat for feeding, resting, breeding and rearing for the birds, mammals, amphibians, and reptiles that frequent the Klamath Wildlife Area. Protect and maintain threatened and endangered species that inhabit the area consistent with federal and state laws. Provide opportunities for recreational harvest of waterfowl, upland game, and furbearers. Provide opportunities for wildlife viewing while maintaining sufficient feeding, nesting, and breeding areas free from harassment by human disturbances to meet wildlife production objectives. Monitor the effects of increased public viewing activities to insure that wildlife can effectively utilize available habitat. If significant impacts develop, implement measures necessary to protect wildlife.

There are several recommendations of interest from the Klamath Wildlife Area Review Committee that are addressed by Oregon Department of Fish & Wildlife goals. These inclilde: Budget for and implement educational, interpretive, and user-friendly programs. Opportunities exist on all areas for increased public awareness activities. Establish a positive sign program for identification of areas and their programs that is consistent with other fixed stations, and Encourage more use of volunteers and the host program on all areas.

Crater Lake National Park is managed as a wilderness area with the exception of Rim Village, Mazama Village and Park Headquarters. Park road right-of-way extends 60 - 200 feet on either side of the center line.

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Bywav Management Plan Lands that are not publicly owned can be characterized as rural, with scattered small ranches and farms, private vacation cabins, and several resort developments. The largest private landowner is Weyerhauser Company.

BILLBOARDS

The majority of the route passes through state and federal land ownership and already restricts billboards. The segments of private land are governed by fairly strict billboard laws for the State of Oregon. A county ordinance for the Scenic Byway area that restricts existing billboard movement is being considered by the County Commissions. Such an ordinance would likely grandfather existing billboards, although State laws would continue to direct placement overall.

Volcanic LRgacy Scenic Byway Management Plan ECONOMIC IMPACT

"See the USA in your Chevrolet" was one of General Motors most successful ad campaigns for good reason-Americans love to vacation and travel by car. According to a 1994 Roper Survey, forty percent of all Americans reported that they had driven for pleasure in the last year. Nearly two-thirds of Oregon's out-of-state visitors come by car. Most of them are here on a pleasure trip and are likely to stay about seven nights in the State. In 1993, tourism generated $3.4 billion which resulted in 642.3 million in payroll and supported 54,500 Oregon jobs. It has been demonstrated repeatedly in Oregon that tourism can build rural economies, provide new business opportunities and result in expanded business development. With the addition of Scenic Byway designation and marketing, many visitors will be encouraged to explore the Klamath Basin, thus building upon existing and future economic development efforts.

The designation of the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway as an Oregon Scenic Byway is intended to showcase the Klamath Basin and northeastern California from Crater Lake National Park to Lassen Volcanic National Park. This is an area rich in natural beauty and history. Although it has relied heavily on the diminishing timber industry as an economic base, the region is ripe for harvesting the new trends in tourism-adventure travel, nature-based tourism, heritage tourism, agri-tourism and educational vacations. The intrinsic qualities are in place and community awareness and support is growing.

The National Parks, National Forests and National Fish and Wildlife Refuges provide the foundation for nature-based tourism, heritage and educational tourism. They are skillfully managed with well developed interpretive programs. Crater Lake National Park alone draws over 500,000 visitors per year.

A fascinating agricultural and ranching heritage imbues the region. Klamath Basin agriculture is based on federal reclamation projects that began in the early 1900's. A delicate balance is sought between wildlife conservation and agricultural development. Many of the large, multi-generational cattle ranches date back to the pioneer settlement of Oregon. Opportunities to build on these resources for the tourism industry while maintaining-and as a way to maintain-the character and traditional lifestyle of the region are beginning to be explored. Strong public and private partnerships are working to this end.

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan The Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway provides a mechanism and focus for effective marketing of Klamath Basin and Northern California attractions. The rural and natural setting of the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway provides tremendous entrepreneurial and promotional opportunities in niche marketing. The key markets to be targeted are agri- tourism, eco-tourism, cultural heritage tourism and educational vacations. Marketing efforts for the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway will be conducted through extensive interstate and intrastate public and private partnerships.

The Oregon portion of the proposed Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway lies within Klamath County and will utilize the marketing strategies developed as part of the Oregon Tourism Marketing Plan and the goals set forth for the Oregon Tourism Commission that apply to the Basin region: 1. To maximize the return on public and private investment in tourism. 2. To encourage longer stays by visitors to Oregon. 3. To reduce the seasonal fluctuations in travel and tourism-related industries. 4. To encourage visitors to be destination oriented in this state. 5. To encourage visitors from foreign countries to come to Oregon. 6. To encourage Oregonians to vacation in Oregon.

As part of Oregon Tourism Marketing Plan process, several needs were identified to attract tourists to the region: planned activities, destination resorts, tour operators, visitor packages, annual events and festivals and advertising dollars. Presently, actions are underway to develop one-stop information shopping, train front-line service people in information referral that would direct visitors to the byway, network for collaborative marketing, participate in a seven county coalition to promote the Applegate Trail sesquicentennial in 19%, support the Wingwatchers Interpretive Center, and capitalize on the Annual Bald Eagle Conference.

Promotional projects that have been identified and are being pursued include producing guided tour audio cassettes that tie communities together with a common theme, developing the Wingwatchers Interpretive Center as a central location for information, and creating display panels in rest areas on 1-5 and Hwy 395. A Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway brochure will be developed mapping the route and identifying points of interest and spur routes. An emphasis will be placed on encouraging the more than

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan 500,000 visitors to Crater Lake National Park to travel south into the Klamath Basin and Northern California, and the visitors to Lassen National Park and Lava Beds National Monument to travel north.

Strong marketing partnerships currently exist in Southern Central Oregon among the following committees, associations, and agencies resulting in national magazine advertisements, newspaper articles and advertising, flyers, events calendars in approximately fifteen publications throughout the region, and trade show co-ops. Oregon/ApplegateTrail Committee Recreational Strategy Committee Answer People (training front line service industry workers to better direct visitors and services Marketing Coalition Tourism Advisory Committee Central Oregon Recreational Association (CORA) Southern Oregon Visitor Association (SOVA) Oregon Association of Convention and Visitor Bureaus (OACVB) Portlandloregon Visitor Association (POVA) Applegate Trail 7 County Coalition Winema National Forest U.S. Fish & Wildlife Klamath County Tourism Crater Lake National Park Wingwatchers, Inc.

Ongoing marketing efforts that will continue include: * Klarnath County Department of Tourism's service of visitor inquiries, staffing an information center and conducting general tourism marketing efforts. Local contribution to the Oregon State Visitor Guide. Klamath-Lake-Modoc Outdoor Recreation Group efforts for joint marketing through brochure development, rest stop displays including maps (through an existing regional strategies grant), ongoing Visitor Center and Information Center services. Klamath County Chamber of Commerce publication of an events calendar, servicing visitor inquiries, and publication of the monthly publication "Basin Business" in cooperation with the local newspaper, the Herald and News.

Because the Scenic Byway connects Oregon and California, partnerships are being developed between Southern Central Oregon and Northern California tourism interests. The California tourism associations that have played an active role in the conceptualization and development of this byway are the Shasta Cascade Wonderland

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan 26 Association and the Siskiyou County Visitors Bureau. Additional promotional assistance will be provided by Lassen National Park and Modoc National Forest. Collaboration will be sought with the Oregon Tourism Commission and CalTourism to promote the byway to international travelers entering the country through San Francisco, California and Portland, Oregon.

Contingent upon designation as an Oregon Scenic Byway, the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway will seek designation as an All American Road through the Federal Highway Administration program. Additional national and international marketing will be forthcoming through that program.

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan APPENDIX

Appendix A: Map & Points of Interest Appendix B: Letters of Support Appendix C: Grassroots Scenic Byway Network Appendix D: Tentative Project List Appendix E: Vision 2002 Excerpts Appendix F: U.S. Highway 97 Corridor Strategy, Corridor Objectives Appendix G: Klamath County Zoning Definitions Appendix H: Samples of Existing Marketing

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan APPENDIX A: MAP & POINTS OF INTEREST

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan APPENDIX A: POINTS OF INTEREST & MAP

Crater Lake National Park 22. ,MedicineLake

Fort Klamath Park & Museum 23. Little Mt. Hoffman Lookout Kimball State Park 24. Medicine Lake Highlands Wood River Day Use Area 25. McArthur-Burney Falls State Park Klamath Marsh NWR 26. Lake Britton

Collier State Park & Logging Museum 27. Pit River Falls Upper Klamath NWR 28. Nobles Emigrant Trail Eagle Ridge 29. Lassen Volcanic National Park Upper Klamath Lake Running Y Ranch Pelican Butte Ski Area Winema National Forest Klamath Falls Lake Ewauna Moore Park Bear Valley Refuge Klamath Wildlife Area Lower Klamath Lake NWR Applegate Emigrant Trail Monument Tule Lake NWR Lava Beds National Monument

Volcanic L.egacy Scenic Byway Management Plan Appendix A

APPENDIX B: LETTERS OF SUPPORT

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan I

-. LOCATION: 409 PINE STREET, 2ND FLOOR KLAMATH FALLS, OREGON 97601-639 1

v- MAIL: 403 PlNE STREET, SUITE 300 PHONE # (503) 883-5100 FAX # (503) 883-5163

August 9, 1995

Mr. Pat Moran Oregon Department of Transportation TDB, Planning Section , 555 13th Street NE Salem, OR 973 10

Dear LW.Moran and the scenic Byways Committee.

I Klamath County has been developing driving tour brochures for several years in an effort to meet the needs of visitors to experience the natural, unusual and scenic sites in our region. From these tours, the majority of small businesses along the route receives benefit. We can enhance the experience for all age levels through a driving tour which appeals to the varied interests of travelers.

To have our tours designated as Oregon Scenic Byways would give our local efforts a

L markedly enhanced credibility and exposure.

As a county impacted by timber loss, the tourism revenue and subsequent jobs created will help us stabilize our economy.

, The Board of Klamath County Commissioners enthusiastically supports the efforts of . . Klamath County to have these tours designated as Oregon scenic Byways.

AN EOUAL OPPORTUNITY EMPLOYER CITY OF KLAMATH FALLS 226 S. 5TH STREET - P. 0. BOX 237 I(LAMATH FALLS, OREGON 97601 Sister City - Rotorua, New Zealand FAX (503) 883-5390 - TDD (503) 883-5324

August 10, 1995

Pat Moran Oregon Department of Transportation TDB, Planning Section 555 13th St, NE Salem, OR 97310

Dear Mr. Moran & Scenic Byways Committee:

Klamath County and the City of Klamath Falls have been developing driving tour brochures for several years to address the visitor's need to experience the natural, unusual and scenic sites in our region. From these tours, the economy of small businesses along the route receive benefits. We can access all age levels through a driving experience by appealing to varied interests of travelers. To have our tours be designated as an Oregon Scenic Byway, would greatly enhance our achievement to date.

As a county impacted by timber loss, the tourism revenue and subsequent jobs created, will help us to stabilize our economy.

The City of Klamath Falls enthusiastically supports the efforts of Klamath County to have this tour designated an Oregon Scenic Byway.

Sincerely, 44j!aYL-

~onklunityDevelopment Director

c: Pat McMillan, Klamath County Dept. of ~ourismJ

CODE ENFORCEMENT COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENTIPLANNING BUSINESS LICENSES (503) 883-5360 (503) 883-5361 (503) 883-5360 335 5UTE STREET DAVID A. GRAVENKAMP YREKA. CALIFORNLA 96097 Directoc Phone (916)8424250 LARRY INMAN Fax (91 61842-8288 E~PuWObector/Admlnlstrot BRIAN 0. McDERMOlT S August 1995 Deputy DlrectorJRoads

Mr. Pat Macan " .&- Oregon Department of lbnsportation TDB, Planning Section 555 - 13th Street NE Salem, OR 97310 c Dear Mr. Moran and Scenic Byways Committee:

KIarnath County has been dwdoping driving tour brochures for several years to address the visitor's needs to experience the natural, unusual and scenic sites in our 1-egion. From these tours the economy of small businesses along the route receive benefits. We can access all age levels through a driving experience by appealing to varied interests of travelers.

To have eur tours designated as an Oregon Scenic Byway would greatly enhance our achievement to date.

As a county impaded by .timber loss, the tourism revenue and subsequent jobs created wilI help us to stabilize our economy.

SimCounty Department of Public Wprbs enthusiastidly supports the efforts of Klamafh County to have this tour designated an Oregon Scenic Byway.

'D. A Gravenkamp Director of Public Works County of Modoc JOHNG. PEDERSEN Road Department and Road Commissioner/Direcror Public Works Department WCHAELDcpury RoadL. MA(DON~LD Commirsiancr 202 W. 4th STREET ALTURAS, CALIFORNIA 96101 (916) 233-6403 office (9 16) 233-3 132 FAX

August 29, 1995

Pat Moran Oregon Department of Transportation TDB, Planning Section 555 13th Street NE Sdem, Oregon 973 10

Dear Mr. Moran and Scenic Byways Committee:

Klamath County has been developing driving tour brochures for several years to address the visitor's need to experience the natural, unusual, and scenic sites in the region. From the tours, the economies of small businesses along the route receive tourism benefits. All age levels can be accessed through a driving experience by appealing to varied interests of travelers.

.To have the tours be designated as an Oregon Scenic Byway would greatly enhance the achievement to date. As a county impacted by timber loss, the tourism revenue and subsequent jobs created will help to stabilize the regional economy.

The Modoc County Road Department enthusiastically supports the efforts of Klamath County to have the tour designated an Oregon Scenic Byway.,

cc: Patsv McMillan, Klamath County Dept of Tourism . .

United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Crater Lake National Park Oregon Caves National Monument Post Office Box 7 19000 Caves Highway IN REPLY REFER TO: Crater Lake, Oregon 97604 Cave Junction, Oregon 97523

L3215(CRLA) July 20, 1995

Mr. Pat Moran Oregon Department of Transportation Scenic Byways Committee Salem, Oregon 93710 Dear Mr. Moran: We would like to take this opportunity to express our support for the Scenic Byway being proposed by the Kl amath County Department of Tourism. It is our understanding that this Byway would delineate a route west from Klamath Falls to Rocky Point, north on the West Side Road to Fort Klamath, north on Highway 62 into Crater Lake National Park, through the park to Rim i Drive and around the Lake, returning to Klamath Falls via Highway 62 and Highway 97. It is also our understanding that the route would be designated on the official state highway map and that some kind of signage would be installed. We feel the map designation would be a very effective method of informing travelers of a truly significant opportunity. In addition to the spectacular scenery and world-wide fame of Oregon's only national park, such a route ofjfers hi king, camping, snowshoeing, and ski ing opportunities. Due primarily to our extremely deep snow for most of the year, we would not want Byway signs instailed in the park. We expend considerable time and money installing and removing signs each' season, as well as taking other measures to keep signs visible and away from snow plows and blowers. our views on the ~ceniiByway proposal.

Super'V t ndent United States Department of the Interior NATIONAL PARK SERVICE LAVA BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT TULELAKE, CALIFORNIA 96134 IN REPLY REFER TO: August 9, 1995

Pat Moran Oregon Department of Transportation TDB, Planning Section 555 13th Street NE Salem, OR 97310

Dear Mr. Moran and Scenic Byways Committee, As superintendent of Lava Beds National Monument, I want to inform you of our full support for designation of the Tule Lake National Wildlife ~efuge/Lava Beds National Monument Scenic Byway. This Byway is located within the Klamath Basin which is in itself more geographically and economically linked than it is divided by the political boundaries of two states. We further support this designation because of the unique opportunity it will provide its users to experience a wide range of natural and cultural features along its route. The National Park Service has an established record of sup~ortins such designations when the public can benefit by the opportunities provided. In this instance designation of this Byway will also create certain economic benefits in addition to the obvious public enj oyment . Please consider designating the Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge/Lava Beds National Monument Scenic Byway as an Oregon Scenic Byway as proposed by the Klamath County Department of Tourism. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss this proposal with you further should you have questions or require additional in£ormat ion. Your careful consideration of -this request is appreciated. I can be contacted at the above address or by calling (916) 667-2282.

~daigDorman ~G~erintendent United States Forest Winema National Forest Department of Service 2819 Dahlia Street Agriculture Klamath Falls. OR 97601

File Code :. 2300

Date: 53

Mr. Pat Moran Oregon Dept. of Transportation TDB, Planning Section 555 13th St.. NE Salem, OR 97310

Dear Mr. Moran and Scenic Byway Committee Members:

For the past several years we have had an interagency Recreation Strategy Working Group that has been collaboratively working together in the interest of recreation and tourism in the Klamath Basin. The area and representatives to this group covers Klamath and Lake Counties in Oregon. and Modoc and Siskiyou Counties in California. There has been concerted effort not to be hampered by jurisdictional boundaries fcr mutual benefit in better servicing our visitors and increasing efficiencies. - Members of the working group have completed a preliminary study of how our areas can best compliment the new Oregon Scenic Byway Program. Klamath County is submitting this information with both my encouragement and support.

Designation of our tour routes as an scenic byway will enhance our ability to jointly carry out our mandate to assist local communities in economic diversification and soften the adverse effects of the diminishing timber economy that has been a mainstay of this region for several generations.

I feel this designation would revitalize the local citizenry and agency cooperation by providing a common management direction that will help to orient development and growth in the Klamath Basin.

Designation of our tour routes as Oregon scenic Byway(s) will also be consistent with the desires expressed by citizens of the Klamath Basin who wrote their vision in a document entitled "2002"- (enclosed). which ~i~hasizesa vision for Klamath Lakelwetlands .

Not to be overlooked are the many nationally significant resources we have to share. including national wildlife refuges. and national parks and monuments.

I support these efforts and am proud of the ongoing spirit of cooperation in recreation and tourism in our area.

Sincerely,

BOB CASTANEDA Forest Supervisor

Enclosure

CC : R. Shull, Klamath R.D. Albert Hendricks, Crater Lake N.P. K. Russell, Chiloquin R.D. Pat McMillan, Klamath County Tourism Craig Dorman. Lava Beds National Monument Ric Ingham, The Klamath Tribes Tom Stewart, Lower Klamath Wildlife Refuge Jim Vancura. ORE-CAL RC&D Caring for the Land and Serving People +9168422685 SISKIYOU COUNTY EDC

United States Department of the Interior NATIONPIL PARK SERVICE bsenVolcanic National Park Post Office Box 100 Mineral. California 96063.0100

IN WLYWPEX TO:

L3215 (LAVO) July 23, 1996

Mr. Pat Moran Oregon Department of Transportation TDB, Planning Section 555 13th Street NE Salem, Oregon 97310 Dear Mr. Moran: The staff of Lassen Volcanic National Park.vishes to express its support for the proposed Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway. We would be pleased to have the Park form the southern terminus of the Byway. We particularly like the concept of tieing the volcanic and wildlife features of this area together under one theme. It gives visitors an opportunity to see four National Forests, two National Parks, a National Monument, and a National Wildlife Refuge, all on one designated route. We look forward to working with you and the other involved agencies and organizations in supporting this proposal. sincerely,

Gilbert E. Blinn Superintendent 4 June 1996

TO: Pat Moran TDB, Planning Section 555 13th St. NE Salem, OR 97310

FROM: Faith Wilkins Klamath County Community Action Team Coordinator P.O. Box 559 Chiloquin, OR 97624

SUBJECT: Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway

Dear Pat, On 22 May 1996, Julie Porter and Christina Lilienthal presented a very comprehensive program to the participants of our local CATeam concerning the implementation of the Scenic Byway through Klamath County. During this presentation, the main corridor as well as possible spur routes were discussed, with emphasis on the highlighting and preservation of our local historic and scenic attributes. After discussion, the attending members voted to submit this formal letter of support in favor of the Volcanic Scenic Byway as it is proposed, with the following additional suggestions:

1) The spur route to Chiloquin and Collier Park should be well marked. 2) The entire corridor along Highway 62, as well as any spur routes through northern Klamath County should include a safe bicycle lane to accomodate increasingly popular bicycle touring. 3) The Highway 62 section might include emphasis on the bird habitat and wilderness adjacent to this part of the route.

The fact that the Byway will enable us to preserve the majestic beauty of our area while sharing it with others, was perhaps the most attractive aspect of the proposal. Feel free to contact me if I can be of any further assistance.

Sincerely,

Faith Wilkins Coordinator, Klamath County Community Action Team (541) 783-2722 RESOLUTION OF THE KLAMATH COUNTY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE EXECUTIVE BOARD IN SUPPORT OF THE DESIGNATION OF THE VOLCANIC LEGACY SCENIC BYWAY

WHEREAS, a proposal has been made to designate a scenic byway route from Crater Lake National Park in Oregon to Lassen Volcanic National Park in California; and

WHEREAS, the proposed route would cross Klamath County, connecting State Highway 62 with the Westside Road to State Highway 140 over to State Highway 97 and across Stateline Road to California, thereby joining existing and proposed national forest scenic byways with proposed State designated scenic byways in Oregon and California; and

WHEREAS, designation and promotion of the scenic byway would help showcase the County's scenic and natural resources and help foster tourism and related economic development in the vicinity of the route; and

WHEREAS, the public has been provided with opportunities to comment upon the proposal designation and this Board has been presented with a significant amount of local support for the proposal.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Klamath County Chamber of Commerce Executive Board wishes to: 1. Support the formal designation at the State level of the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Proposal and 2. Requests consideration and support for the designation by the appropriate State and federal agencies, in particular, the Oregon Department of Transportation, so that ultimately interstate application may be made for scenic byway designation through the Federal Highway Administration and acquire All- American Road status to acknowledge and promote the outstanding volcanic, scenic, wildlife, and heritage resources inherent to the geographical area.

PASSED AND ADOPTED this 13 A day of 3.1 1996, by the following vote: Ayes --Y Noes , Absent ,Abstain r-8a 76

Ken Moore, President\ +9168422685 SISKIYOU COUNTY EDC

I2ESOLUTION OF TIIE ASSOCIATED CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE OF SISICIYOU COUNTY IN SUPPORT OF THE DESIGNATION OF THE VOLCANIC LEGACY SCENIC BYWAY

WlERJUS, a proposal has been made to designate a scenic byway roub fiom Crater Lake National Park in Oregon to Lassen Volcanic National Park in California; and

WIIRREAS, the proposed route would cross a portion of Siskiyou County, connecting state Iiighwrry 97 north of Dorris with Highway 89 in the vicinity of McCloud via the Lower Klamatli National Wildlife Refuge; the LRVRBeds National Monument and Medicine Lake, thereby joining existing and proposed national forest scenic byways with proposed State designated f scenic byways in California and Oregon; and

WHEREAS, designation and promotion of the scenic byw~iywould help showcase the County'g scenic and natural resources and help foster tourism and relafed economic development in the vicinity of the route; and

IVIIERW, the public h~ been provided with opportunities to comment upon the proposal designation and this Board has been presented with a significant amount of local support for the proposal.

NOW, TIIEREFOIZE, BE IT RESOLVED that the hsodated Chambere of Commerce of Siskiyou County wishes to: 1. Purst~edevelopment of a conceptual corridor management plan for the proposed route. 2. Supports the formal designation at the State level of the Volcanic ]Legacy Scenic Byway Proposal and 3. Requesb consideration and support for the designation by the appropriate State and Federal agencies, in particular, the California Department XTransportation, so that ultimately interstate application may be made for scenic byway designation through the Federal Iiighway Administration and acquixe AlI-hmerican Road status to acknowledge and promote the outstanding volcanic, scenic, wildlife, and cutturd heritage resources inherent to the geographical area.

PASSED AND A1)OPTED this //?day of Jicly 1996, by +9168422685 S 7 SKIYOU COUNTY EDC

RESOLU~~ON - OF rgB . ~ ASSOCIATED CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE OP' S~$KIYOUCOUNTY . . IN SUPPORT Oti' THE: DESES~CHATION OF THE , VOLCANIC LEGACY SCENIC BYWAY

WHEREAS, a proposal has been made to designate a scenic byway route from Crater Lake National Park in Oregon to Lassen Volcanic National Park b Califotnia: sod

WHEREAS, the proposed route would cross a portion of Siskiyou County, connecting State Highway 97 north of Dorris with Highway 89 in the vicinity of McCloud via the Lowet Klamath National Wildlife Refuge, the Lava Beds National Monument and Medicine Lake, thereby joining exisling and pioposed national forest scenic byway8 aith propoaed State designated acenic byways in California and Oregon; and

WERW, designation and promotion of the scenic byway would help showcase the County's scenic and natural resources and help foster tourism and xelated economic development in the vicinity of the route; and

WHEREAS, the public haa been provided with oppoitunities to comment upon the proposal designatiod and this Board has been presented with a sigdic'aht amount of locd support for the proposal.

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Associated Chhbera of Commerce of Siskiyou County wishes to: 1. Pursue development of a conceptual corridor amagemelit pfab foi the proposed route.' 2. Supports the formal designation at the Stilta level of the Volcdc Legacy Scenic Byway Proposal and 3. Requests consideration and support for the dedgnatiail by the appropriate State and Federal agencies, in particular, the California Department 8 Transportation, so that ultimately interstate application may be made for scenic by*ay desifiation through the Federal Highway Administration and acqitiie drll-hdegctla Rbad status to acknowIedge and promote the outstanding volcanic, scenic, ddlife, pbd hidturd heritage rqsources inherent to the geographical area.

PMSED AND ADOPTED tksadayof %lg90, by

PRESIDENT . +916E4226E5 SISKIYOU COUNTY EDC 892 PB2 JUL 25 '96 15: 02 c RESOLUTION L- OF THE ASSOCIATED CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE OF SISKIYOU COUNTY IN SUPPORT OF THE DESIGNATION

I OF TEIE VOLCANIC LEGACY SCENIC BYWAY

WIIERlbU, a proposal has been made to designate a scenic byway route horn Crater Lake National Park in Oregon to Lassen Volcanic National Park in Califomis; and 1 . WIIERUS, the proposed route would cross a portion of Siskiyou County, connecting State Highway 97 north of Dorris with jligllway 89 in the vicinity of McCloud via the Lower Klaqath National Wildlife Refuge, tbe Lava Beds National Monument and Medicine Lake , thereby - joining existing and proposed national forest scenic bywaye with proposed State designated

I . scenic byways in California and Oregon; and

WHEREAS, designation and promotion of the scenic byway would help 8howcase the County's scenic and natural resources and help foster tourism and related economic development is the vicinity of the route; and

' WHEREAS, the public bas been provided with opportunities to comment upon the proposal I designation and this Bo~dhas been presented with a significant amount of local support for the proposal. I

L NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Associated Chamber8 of Commerce of Siskiyou County wishes to: 1. Pursue development of a conceptual corridor management plan for the proposed route. 1 2. Supports the formal desiguation at the State level of the Yolcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Proposal and

L 3. Requests consideration and support for the designation by the appropriate State and Federal agencies, in particular, the California Department if Transportation, so that ' ultimately interstate application may be made for scenic byway designation through the Federal Highway Administration and acquire Ail-herican Road status to acknowledge and promote the outstandipg volcanic, scenic, wildlife, and cultural heritage resources inherent to the geographical area. PASSED AND ADOPTED this 9 day of f&~-1996, by +9168422685 S I SK I'iOU COUI4T'i EDC

- RESOLUTION OF THE ASSOCIATED CHAMBEI

, - WHEREAS, a propoeal has bccn made to deoignate R scenic byway route &om Crvtcrr Lake . . Natioual Park in Oregon to Loseen Volcanic Nationd Park in California; and

, . WIIERW, the yroposcd route would cross a portion nf Sigkiyou County, counecliug State

. ~ IIigbway 97 north of Dorrie with Highway 89 in the vicinity of McCioud via the Lower Iflamath Nationd Wildlife Rofugc, the Lava Be& National Monument and Modicine Ida, hereby joining existing and proyoeed national lorest scepic hyway~with yroposed Stalu rlevignated . . scenic byways in Califor~aand Oregon; and r - WHGRW, designation wd promotiop of the scenic: byway would help showcase the Coupty'a

scenic and natural resources aid help foster tourism and related economic development in the , vicinity of tho route; and .

WHERW, the public has been provided with opportunities to com111euC up011 the proposal designation ~d t!J8 Board bas' been presented with a significant amount uf local eupport for r the proposal.

NOW, TNEREFORE, 33E IT RESOLVED that the Associated Chamhere of Commerce of Siskiyou County wishes to: 1. Pursue development of o conceptual corridor management plan for the proposed routs. 2. Supports the formal dcsignation at tire State level of the Volcnnir. ~~gacyScenic Byway Proposal and 3. Peqrlesta conaidcration aqd support for the designat.inn hy the appropriate State and Federal agencies, in particular, tlie California Department if l'ranaportation. so that ultimately interstata application may be made for scenic byw~ydesignation through the Federal Ilighway Administration and acquire All-American Road status to acknowledge wd promote the outaianding volcanio, ecenic, wildlife, and c~dtllralheritage resource8 @herent to the geographical area.

PASSED AND ADOPTED tb~3 day of August 30, 1996 DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION - - Patsy H. McMillan Region 4 Francis S. Landrum Klamath County Department of Tourism PO Box 1867 FILE CODE: Klamath Falls, OR 97601

Dear Patsy and Van:

By now you're probably aware that I have been selected as the Region Manager so I can quit using the "Interim" title. I appreciate the support that both of you have expressed. It has certainly been a pleasure for me to work with you in a very constructive relationship, and I look forward to continuing that relationship in the future.

Relative to the Wayside and the signing issues, I am pleased to let you know that we will be installing new and larger signs that are more appropriate for the Wayside. Steve Wilson will be working directly with Van on this signing issue.

Grace Crunican, our Director, was very impressed with the Wayside on her visit to Klamath Falls last month. She has asked me to work with you on other items that may support the Wayside use for the public.

On one of my future trips to Klamath Falls I would like to sit down with both of you and talk about your long-range vision for the Wayside and explore areas where we might be able to provide some support. Our ability to do so is very limited based on constitutional use of the highway funds, but I believe we can explore within that constitutional limitation areas where we may participate. I would also like to explore your timelines for those future improvements, such as the proposed building for interpretative information.

In closing I want to thank you for your support for me, and for the Department in our continued efforts to provide transportation services and facilities to the people of Oregon and our visitors.

Sincerely, +Steve Macnab, P. E. Region Manager

PO Box 5309 Bend, OR 97708 (503) 388-6180 FAX (503) 388-6231

STATE OF CALIFORNIA-BUSINESS, TRANSPORTATION AND HOUSING AGENCY PETE WILSON, Governor

- DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION P.O. BOX 496073 . . REDDING, CA 96049.6073 pi61'225-3426 TDD 1916) 225-3464

November 19.19%

Mr. Merle Anderson Community Development Coordinator Siskiyou County Economic Development Council 15i2 SO. Oregon St. Y reka, CA 96097

Subject: Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Visual Assessment Dear Mr, Anderson: I have reviewed the Visual Assessment of the California portion of the proposed "Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway". From my review of the Visual Assessment document and the field review conducted by -DennisCadd, Cal trans State Scenic Highway Cwrdinator. I believe that the document fulfills the requirements of the State Scenic Highway nomination guidelines. Normally the Visual Assessment would be presented from the local government body that has jurisdction, in this case both Shasta and Siskiyou Counties. It is my . understanding that this visual assessment has beeri prepared and submitted by the Siskiyou County Economic Development Council and the Burney Chamber of Commerce. The next step in the nomination process must be initiated by the local jurisdiction (Shasta and Siskiyou Counties) in the form of a Resolution of Intent. Also accompanying the Resolution of Intent should be a Topographic map and a map overlay indicating the intrusions, color coded as described in the guidelines, Appendix D; a zoning map delineating the scenic corridor and showing allowable land use; a Namative description; and a Video presentation showing a representative sample of both sides of the corridor. The narrative description used for the visual assessment may be utilized, but additional data describing present zoning and future plans for lands in the scenic corridor would need to be included. Further description of intrusions such as buildings and unsightly land use would be needed, especially in the Hat Creek Area. Major intrusions should be included in the video presentation. The Scenic Highway Resolution Package should be sent to me for review, I will forward it to Caltrans Headquarters. The Resolution Package will be reviewed for completeness and accuracy and will be evaluated for official designation.potential. The Resolution Package and recommendations by the District and Headquarters Scenic Highway Coordinators will be sent to the Departmental Transportation Advisory Committee (DTAC) for review. Local jurisdictions may attend the DTAC review meeting. After receiving approval by the DTAC, the local jurisdictions may proceed to the next step in the designation process, the preparation and adoption of a Scenic Conidor Protection Program. The Scenic Corridor Protection Program is a process that requires the local jurisdictions to develop and adopt protection measures in the form of ordinances to apply to the area of land within the scenic corridor. The guidelines detail the minimum standards, but it is important to stress that public participation, including the notification by mail to affected property owners, is an important part of the preparation of the scenic comdor protection program. Follo~vingthe adoptionof the scenic corridor protection program, the local jurisdictions submit a request for official designation to Caltrans, Departmental Transportation Advisory Committee. The submittal must inciude:

+ The adopted scenic corridor protection program (s);

+ A brief description of the process employed for public participation;

+ Evidence of adoption of protection program (i.e., official resolution). The protection program will be reviewed by the District and Headquarters Scenic Highway Coordinators. After the submittal is found to be adequate, the coordinators will recommend that the DTAC approve the request for official scenic highway designation. If the DTAC concurs the protection program is adequate, it will recommend official designation. If the Director of the Department of Transportation agrees with the DTAC recommendations, the route will be designated an' official state or county scenic highway. Appropriate signage will be placed and maintained by Caltrans and periodic reviews by the District Scenic Highway Coordinators will take place to'insure that the designated mrridors maintain the required status. The March, 19% Guidelines for the Official Designation of Scenic Highways explains the process in more detail. I have previously made a copy of this publication available to you, if you require additional copies I can make them available. If you wish to further discuss the process you may reach me at (916) 225-3372. I would like to suggest that you consider including Hill Road as a Siskiyou County Scenic Highway. Hill Road could be included in the efforts to receive State Scenic Highway designation. The reason I suggest this is that presently Hill Road does not carry any "Scenic" classification. It appears to me that if National Scenic Hi&vay designation is to be achieved, Hill Road would need to be designated as either a County or Federal Scenic HighwaylByway. It is possible to "skip" short sections that do not qualify, but in this case I see no reason not to include Hill Road in the efforts to acquire "Scenic" designation. Gdluck in your efforts, I know that you and the rest of the committee have worked hard to reach your goal. I believe that you have a copy of the Scenic Highways Video that explains the program, if not let me know and I will get one for you.. /

DICK RIG-HARDS ----.-.--... District 2 Scenic Highway Coordinator *... VOLCANIC LEGACY SCENIC BYWAY (CALIFORNIA PORTION)

VISUAL ASSESSMENT

October 27, 1996

Merle Anderson, AICP Siskiyou County Economic Development Council

Assistance in preparation of this visual assessment was provided by: Jim Vancura, ORE-CAL RC&D; Christina Lilienthal, Winema National Forest; Jeny Mosier, Klamath National Forest; and Pat Kennedy, Shasta-Trinity National Forest. I SISKIYOU COUNTY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL SIz asta Valley Enterprise Zone 1512 SO. OREGON ST., YREKA, CA 96097 Telephone (916) 842-1638 FAX (916) 842-2685

October 31, 1996

Mr. Dick Richards CALTRANS P.O. Box 496073 Redding, CA 96049-6073

. SUBJECT: Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway

Dear Mr. Richards:

Enclosed is a Visual Assessment of the California portion of the proposed "Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway". As you know, this proposed byway includes segments of state highways in California, including Highways 97, 161, and 89 in Siskiyou County and segments of Highway 89 and 89/44 in Shasta County.

This Visual Assessment is being submitted on behalf of the Siskiyou County Visitors Bureau for the Siskiyou County portions of the route and the Burney Chamber of Commerce for those portions of the route in eastern Shasta County.

Please review this visual assessment and advise us of the next steps in the process. The Visitors Bureau and the Burney Chamber of Commerce can then determine when and how to pursue this project with the Boards of Supervisors of their respective Counties.

If I can be of any assistance in your review of this Visual Assessment, please let me know.

Sincerely,

~eileAnderson, Community Development Coordinator

cc: Siskiyou County Visitors Bureau Burney Chamber of Commerce Dennis Cadd, Caltrans Ore-Cal RC&D VOLCANIC LEGACY SCENIC BYWAY CALIFORNIA PORTION

VISUAL ASSESSMENT

1. INTRODUCTION

The "Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway" is a proposed scenic byway route which would connect Crater Lake National Park in Oregon with Lassen Volcanic National Park in California. The California portion of the route includes state highways in Siskiyou and Shasta Counties.

The Siskiyou County Economic Development Council, as a member of the ORE-CAL Resource Conservation and Development Council, was asked to assist in preparation of a visual assessment of the proposed route. Assistance in preparation of this visual assessment was provided by Jim Vancura, ORE-CAI, RC&D; Christina Lilienthal, Winema National Forest; Jerry Mosier, Klamath National Forest; and Pat Kennedy, Shasta Trinity National Forest.

The purpose of this visual assessment is to initiate consideration by Caltrans of a proposal to seek nomination of the state highway portions of the byway route in California for scenic designation under the California Scenic Highway Program. California's Scenic Highway Program Guidelines call for a visual assessment as a preliminq part of the nomination process. Section IIZ of the Guidelines state:

The local jurisdiction is to prepare a brief visual assessment, in the form of a written summary, to familiarize themselves and Caltrans' staff with the proposed scenic highway. The purpose of the visual assessment is to inventory the natural landscape (e.g., landforms, vegetation, water features) and the type and amount of visual intrusions along the proposed scenic highway.

The California portion of the proposed byway includes a short segment of State Highway 97 and segments of State Highway 161 in Siskiyou County, State Highway 89 in both Siskiyou and Shasta Counties, and State Highway 89 (44) to Lassen Volcanic National Park in Shasta County. All of the state highways addressed in this assessment are listed as eligible for scenic highway designation in the Streets and Highways Code Section 263, et seq.

The formulation of the concept for the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway began in May, 1995. At a meeting conducted by the Travel Information Council for the Oregon Department of Transportation, a proposal was made to investigate the possibility of scenic byway designations in Klamath County, Oregon. The original concept was for two scenic loops originating in Klarnath Falls. One loop would have gone south to include the National Wildlife Refuges and Lava Beds National Monument in California. The other route would have gone north around upper Klamath Lake with an option of including Crater Lake National Park. Mer firther consideration, the scenic byway concepts evolved into one route which would connect Crater Lake FTationalPark with Lassen Volcanic National Park. After hearing of the proposal, the idea of extending the route into California was supported by a number of Siskiyou and Shasta County organizations including the Siskiyou County Visitors Bureau and the Burney Chamber of Commerce, as well as the ORE-CAL Resource Conservation and Development Council.

From north to south, the proposed route extends from Crater Lake National Park, down Oregon State Highway 62 to Fort Klamath, south along the westside of Upper Klamath Lake on Highway 140, and south on Highway 97 to the state line. Continuing in California, the route extends east on California State Highway 161 (State Line Road), south on Hill Road, through the Lava Beds National Monument, south on Forest Service roads over the Medicine Lake Highlands to State Highway 89 near Bartle, and south on Highway 89 past Burney to Highway 44 and, finally, to Lassen Volcanic National Park.

It has been suggested that the ultimate proposal for the route should be to obtain a Federal Highway scenic designation. This could consist of a National Scenic Byway designation or, ultimately, recognition as an All-American Road.

2. VISUAL ASSESSMENT

The description of the California portion of the proposed Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway route for this visual assessment is given as if travelling generally north to south from the California-Oregon state line on Highway 97.

HIGHWAY 97 ? The proposed Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway includes a short section of Highway 97 approximately 114 mile in length in Siskiyou County, California. This short section is needed in the overall route concept in order to connect from Oregon to Highway 161.

The Applegate Trail Monument is a new and developing feature of interest to the travelling public on Highway 97 near the intersection with Highway 16 1. The monument, which commemorates the historic Applegate immigrant traii, includes a parking area off of the highway. Vegetation is primarily grass and juniper. Visually, this brief section of the route is not necessarily distinctive, memorable or vivid, although it does offer views to the southeast of Indian Tom Lake and the high desert basin country, and the monument adds distinction to the gateway between California and Oregon.

HIGHWAY 161

The proposed Scenic Byway includes approximately 16 miles of S tate Highway 16 1. Highway 16 1, also known as State Line Road, turns off of Highway 97 just south of the state line approximately : three miles north of Dorris.

Travelling east, we pass Indian Tom Lake. A power line to the south presents a minor intrusion to the landscape. We soon approach the wetlands of the Lower Klamath National Wildlife Refuge. This refuge, established by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1908, was the nation's first waterfowl refbge. The 53,600 acre refuge contains a mixture of shallow freshwater marshes: open water, grassy uplands, and croplands that are intensely managed to provide feeding, resting, nesting, and brood- rearing habitat for waterfowl and other water birds. , We travel with the refbge's Lower Klamath Lake beside the highway to the south and with views of additional wetlands and agricultural lands to the north. The refbge offers superb viewing of waterfowl and other wildlife. A viewing turn-out also offers a view of Mount Shasta (elevation, 14,162 feet) approximately 50 miles to the southwest, and Mount Dome (elevation, 65 18 feet), a smaller but closer geologic feature to the south. The overall setting is extremely pleasant, vivid and intact.

We leave the wet lowlands east of Lower Klamath Lake and enter into sparsely vegetated hills. Stateline RV Park to the south of the highway presents a moderate visual intrusion. There are local power lines in several locations along the highway. We pass small White Lake, which is part ofthe Wildlife Refuge. As we near the end of the Highway 161 portion of thz route, we encounter more houses, minor electrical and telephone lines and, at our turn-off onto Hill Road, the Westside Grocery. This area of development is also known as Ainsworth Comer. The visual intrusions might be considered substantial in this area in the context that they contrast with the open countryside over L most of the route, but they are moderated in that the surrounding agricultural features of the landscape soften the extent of scenic disharmony. It should also be noted that this is one of the few "communities" with services for the traveller which the proposed byway route actually passes through.

HILL ROAD

(NOTE: Although Hill Road and the Forest Service roads through the Medicine Lake area are not part of the State highway system, they are included in this visual assessment because of their relationship to the entire proposed Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway concept.)

We turn south off of Highway 161 onto Hill Road, which is maintained by Siskiyou County, and travel south. The Indian Camp Golf Course is located to the west just after the turn-off. The setting is primarily agricultural with a number of homes and accessory buildings as we leave Ainsworth Corner. The number of buildings and related development continues to constitute a moderate intrusion on the landscape. This development becomes more dispersed and the landscape becomes more open and agricultural as we continue south. Ahead the scenery opens up and we see hills and the distant Medicine Lake Highlands in contrast with the open, lower areas of the Tule Lake Wildlife Refuge and the Lava Beds National Monument.

An interesting historic site off the road to the west is a collection of wooden buildings built during the Civilian Conservation Corps era, and which served as a prison camp for German military officers during World War Two. These buildings are on land managed by the Tule Lake Wildlife Refige. The setting is scenic with a rocky escarpment serving as a backdrop. There is no monument or related interpretive information at this site.

From the point where Hill Road intersects with "East-West Road" (which comes from the town of Tulelake to the east) until we reach Highway 89, we follow a route which was jointly designated by the Forest Service, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Park Service in 1996 as the "Modoc Volcanic Scenic Byway".

Just south ofthe intersection with East-West Road is the Visitor Center and refige headquarters of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. In 1905, the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation initiated the Klamath Reclamation Project. This project converted the lakes and wetlands of the Lower Klamath Lake and Tule Lake areas for agricultural purposes. Today, less than 25 percent of the historic wetlands remain. The National Wildlife Refiges in the Klamath Basin were established to conserve the remaining wetland habitat. Agricultural and water programs are coordinated under an agreement between the Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Reclamation.

Hill Road takes us south for approximately ten miles along the base of an impressive escarpment to the west. To the east we can see much of the Tule Lake National Wildlife Rehge. This rehge encompasses 39,100 acres, consisting of the open waters of what remains of Tule Lake as well as other wetlands and croplands. Almost half of the land is leased by farmers under a program administered by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation. The landscape and views are vivid and intact with extensive wetlands, wildlife habitat and agricultural fields.

Beside the road on the bluff side are some buildings, including the Winema Hunting Lodge, and an unobtrusive rock quarry. There is also a small electrical substation and power lines along much of this route, but they are only moderately intrusive as the traveler's attention is mostly drawn out across the refige or towards more dramatic features.

LAVA BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT

Just south of the wildlife rehge, we enter the dramatic setting of the Lava Beds National Monument. (Note: This is the end of the County-maintained road. An entrance fee is required to pass through the monument). Established in 1925, the Lava Beds National Monument consists of 46,560 acres of volcanic geology, including rugged flows of lava, lava tubes and caves, cinder cones, spatter cones, and other volcanic features. The monument also preserves several battle sites of the Modoc Indian War of 1872-73, and a number of prehistoric features including petroglyph sites.

The Modoc people inhabited the area around Tule Lake when the "whites" began to move into the area in the mid-1800's. As the settlement and development of the area by the newcomers became more extensive, confrontations between the natives and the settlers increased. Pressure was put on the Modocs to persuade or otherwise force them to relocate onto the Klamath Reservation to the north. After moving to the reservation, a number of the Modoc people, led by "Captain Jack", were dissatisfied with living conditions there and tried to return to their homeland on Tule Lake. The Modoc Indian War resulted from attempts by the Army and others at the end of 1872 to force members of the Modoc Tribe back onto the Klamath Reservation.

Our route takes us past Gillem Camp, the main encampment of the hyduring the Modoc War. Nearby is Canby's Cross, commemorating the site where General E.R.S. Canby was killed by Captain Jack following the failure of attempts to negotiate a settlement to the conflict. Approximately three miles east of our route is the site of Captain Jack's Stronghold. This natural fortress of rugged volcanic crevices and boulders enabled less than 60 Modoc Indians to hold off an army almost 20 times its strength for nearly four months.

The route through the Lava Beds takes us by such volcanic landscape features as Devils Homestead, Black Crater, and Schonchin Butte. A popular activity in the Monument is exploring lava tubes. More than 300 caves have been counted in the area.

In terms of the visual assessment, the route through the Lava Beds is definitely vivid and intact.

FOREST SERVICE ROADS OVER THE MEDICINE LAKE HIGHLANDS

The route turns ofjiof the paved main road through the Lava Beds National Monument onto Medicine Lake Road about one mile before the Lava Beds' Visitors Center. We climb from the sage and juniper vegetation zone of the lava beds into increasingly dense forests of fir and pine. It is approximately 15 miles to Medicine Lake from the edge of the Monument. This road is cinder- surfaced to the boundary of the Monument where, as Forest Service Road 49, it is paved for a short section, than again unpaved for approximately seven miles until close to the rim of the Medicine Lake area.

\ Forest Service Road 49 continues to climb past the Door Knob Snowmobile Park and through Modoc National Forest lands to Medicine Lake. During the winter and early spring, we can expect that the road will be closed from this area to Highway 89 for general automobile use due to snow. Winter travelers will need to detour east to Highway 139 and south on several optional routes. The Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway route could, for example, be picked up again on Highway 89 via Highway 299 where they intersect near Burney.

There are minor visual intrusions on Road 49 from logging activities and related road work in this area. The road climbs and finally emerges on the rim above Medicine Lake. Here the traveler can observe new, interesting volcanic features of the landscape. A long series of early eruptions built a large shield volcano with gently sloping sides. Its summit eventually collapsed as the reservoir of molten magma beneath it was withdrawn by newer volcanoes. Eventually, an oval caldera about six miles long, four miles wide, and 500 feet deep was formed. The newer eruptions built a ring of smaller volcanoes and cinder cones around the rim of the caldera, including Little Mount Hoffman, Glass Mountain and Mount Lyon Peak, and have nearly obscured the collapsed caldera. The waters of Medicine Lake occupies most of what is left of the early caldera. Our road around Medicine Lake is paved, but it is initially a narrow, single lane with turn-outs before it widens to two lanes. There are brief, distant views of Medicine Lake fiom the road soon after we reach the rim. We pass the Medicine Lake Lava Flow as we drop down toward and past the lake. The traveler must turn-off to one ofthe campgrounds or picnic areas to actually visit and enjoy close views of the lake. Overall, the scenery in this area is moderately intact and moderate in distinctiveness and vividness. The area has few visual intrusions and they are well harmonized with the natural setting.

We continue south past and tiom the Medicine Lake area on Road 49 for approximately five miles. The landscape consists of timber with open, grassy clearings and occasional features of lava. Following the route of the Forest Service's Modoc Volcanic Scenic Byway, we turn west off of paved Road 49 onto a bladed forest service road (Road 43N11). There are reports of plans by the Forest Service to pave this road in the next few years. This road takes us west into an area managed by the Shasta-Trinity National Forest. Geologic features along this portion of the route include small lava flows, Chimney Crater, Shastine Crater, Double Hole Crater, and Cinder Cone. We also pass a series of grassy, open areas which add visual diversity to the landscape. We follow Road 43Nll approximately seven miles until we intersect with Forest Service Road 15, also known as Hams Springs Road.

Harris Springs Road is paved. Taking it south, vegetation contirxtes to be fir and pine forests with occasional rocky and grass-covered open areas such as Big Sand Flat. There are a number of visual indications of timber management, including areas undergoing, or which recently underwent, timber harvesting. There are several tree plantations. These intrusions are not extensive and generally blend L with the adjacent forest and landforms. In fact, they add points of interest and diversity in otherwise undistinctive areas of dense timber. At one point (McIntosh Vista) as we descend toward Highway 89, we have a good panoramic view to the southwest across the McCloud Flats with views of Castle Crags and Mount Shasta to the west. We descend to the timber-covered flats and cross railroad tracks just before we intersect with State Highway 89.

It should be noted that there are no general services for the traveling public fiom Ainsworth Comer on Highway 16 1 to Bartle on Highway 89, a distance of approximately 60 miles.

L HIGHWAY 89

Hams Springs Road intersects with State Highway 86 approximately one mile east of Bartle and eight . miles northwest of the county line between Siskiyou and Shasta counties. The elevation is about 4000 feet. Much of the land is either in the Shasta Trinity National Forest or is owned by private timber companies. The Forest Service's Modoc Volcanic Scenic Byway turns west on Highway 89, extending eventually to McCloud with a detour loop along the McCloud River.

Our route turns southeast on Highway 89. The vegetation types are mixed and diverse with pine and fir forests and with lodgepole pines, aspen and willow groves in large meadow areas. The route crosses a railroad. A power line presents a brief, minor intrusion. The route crosses over Dead Horse Summit, elevation 4505 feet. Crossing into Shasta county, vegetation continues to be primarily healthy stands of dense forest. The route passes beneath a narrow railroad over-crossing. Approximately two miles south of the county line the route passes beneath a major electrical transmission line. However, because these lines cross perpendicular to the highway in an area of fairly heavy timber, the visual intrusion to the traveler is brief and only moderate.

The route begins to descend in elevation. We pass the Pondosa Fire Station and the turn-off to Dana and McArthur. Vegetation types begin to transcend from principally fir forests to pine and black oaks. The scenery opens up as we drop down along Cayton Valley, a large, open grass area to the east. The route begins to drop down to the crossing of the Pit River and Lake Britton and then up to the entrance of the McArthur-Burney Falls Memorial State Park. The elevation is now approximately 3000 feet.

There has been little development and few struc~~resto this point of the byway on Highway 89. This begins to change as we travel south fiom the Park and approach the intersection with State Highway 299. The landscape is increasingly interrupted by houses, a small gas station and store, local electrical and telephone lines, the facilities of Hat Creek Construction, and a crossing that appears to be an underground gas transmission line. Visual intrusions are fairly well moderated by stands of timber which screen much of the development. The intersection of Highway 89 with 299 is a fairly significant development with flashing lights, a four way stop, a "park-and-ride" parking lot, and power lines. There are several signs in the area.

The town of Burney is only five miles west of the byway route on Highway 299. Burney and nearby commercial development (e.g., Johnson Park) offer an assortment of services for the traveler near the byway route and would be a key "spur" off of the main route. Redding is 59 miles west on Highway 299 and Alturas is 87 miles to the east.

Continuing south, our route takes us through pine forests until we emerge in the pastoral Hat Creek Valley. We travel along and through the valley for nearly 20 miles. The irrigated pastures and fields and large rows of cottonwood trees present a pleasant alpine valley landscape surrounded by stands of timber. Crater Peak (elevation, 8677 feet) stands to the west within the Thousand Lakes Wilderness. The route crosses Hat Creek at several points, adding to the diversity of the landscape.

There are a number of houses, churches and other minor developments strung out along the route in Hat Creek Valley. Most of them are set back from the highway and screened to some degree from the highway by timber and other vegetation. Power and telephone lines continue to present occasional minor intrusions. There are several small commercial and service sites with small stores, gas stations, and RV facilities along the valley, as well as a Lassen National Forest Work Center. There is some local signage and advertising, but no significant billboards. Overall, development is dispersed and interwoven with trees and other vegetation, andthe extent of visual intrusion on the pastoral valley setting is relatively minor to moderate.

From a visual standpoint, wildfires over the last two decades have diminished the scenic quality of the landscape along the route at several locations in the Hat Creek Valley. These sites appear to be healing and entering into the next natural transition stages of vegetation. Some of these sites may offer opportunities for interpretive presentations regarding the important role of fire in the long-term ecology of the landscape.

Although we will still generally travel along Hat Creek, we begin to swing southwest, leaving the valley and climbing through an area geologically characterized by lava flows. Vegetation is primarily manzanita and chaparral with some stands of timber. Much of this area has also been burned over by wildfire. The steep volcanic slopes of the Hat Creek Rim can be seen to the south. As the route approaches the intersection with Highway 44, there are a number of campgrounds and points of interest, including lava tubes known as the Subway Caves.

Highway 89 intersects with Highway 44. Reno is 136 miles to the south via Highways 44 and 395. The remainder of the route from this point overlaps a portion of the Forest Service's Lassen Scenic Byway. Just past the intersection (the route is now both Highway 89 and Highway 44 to the turn-off into Lassen Volcanic National Park) is the small community of Old Station. Old Station offers several gas stations, mini-marts and cafes. There is a small number of homes and cabins along the highway, and a community fire station.

Continuing west from Old Station, the timber becomes larger and more dense. Occasionally there are campgrounds within view of the highway along Hat Creek. We pass the Hat Creek Store and Resort. We enter the Hat Creek Recreation Area and an area known as "Big Springs". The landscape includes pleasant and diverse views of meadows, the creek and riparian areas with aspens, willows and cottonwoods.

We pass a scenic overlook which looks south toward Mount Lassen (elevation, 10,457 feet). The overlook is now substantially overgrown with trees. Traveling through a dense forest, we soon pass the turn-off to the Ashpan Snowmobile Park and go over the Eskimo Hill pass (elevation, 5,933 feet), which has a snow play area for sledding, etc. Approximately one mile west of Eskimo Hill is the turn- off of Highway 89 from Highway 44 to Manzanita Lake and Lassen Volcanic National Park.

Mount Lassen is the southernmost volcano in the Cascade Range. The area was made a national park in 1916 due to a period of often dramatic volcanic activity beginning in 1914. Highway 89 through Lassen Volcanic National Park offers vivid and intact scenery which includes glaciated canyons, rushing streams and lakes, lava pinnacles, "devastated areas" which were covered by mud flows and hot volcanic gases, jagged craters and steaming sulphur vents. The highway through the park is closed due to snow during the winter and early spring. SISKIYOU COUNTY ECONOMIC D~EVELOPMENTCOUNCIL Shasicr Valley Enterprise Zone 1512 SO. OREGON ST., YREKA,CA 96097 Telephone (916) 842-1638 FAX (916) 842-2685 October 3 1, 1996

Siskiyou County Visitors Bureau Attn: Jo Ann Rucker 808 West Lennox Street Yreka, CA 96097

SUBJECT: Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway

Dear Jo Ann:

Enclosed is a copy of a Visual Assessment of the California portion of the proposed Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway. This Visual Assessment nas been sent to Caltrans for its review. If the scenic qualities of the route are found to satisfy qwfications for nomination as a California Scenic Highway, we will be notified by Caltrans and may proceed to the next step in the nomination process.

The next step in the process will be to request the local jurisdictions (i.e., the Boards of Supervisors for Siskiyou and Shasta Counties) to adopt a "Scenic Highway Resolution Package". This package would include: a Resolution of Intent; more specific maps of the proposed scenic corridor depicting scenic features, visual intrusions, and indications of zoning and allowable land uses; and a narrative description of the elements that make the route scenic and of particular interest (e.g., historical features). The narrative would also further describe present zoning and future plans for lands in the scenic comdor.

\ The Supervisors may want special workshops or public hearings to be held in the area of the proposed byway to gather additional input from property owners and the public.

After it has been determined that the route satisfies the State's program qualifications, the local jurisdiction must also adopt a program to protect the scenic comdor. The zoning and land use provisions along the highway must meet minimum requirements for protecting the scenic highway corridor.

I will contact you when we have a formal response from Caltrans regarding the Visual Assessment. Meanwhile, let me know if you have any questions on this subject.

Sincerely,

hferle Anderson Community Development Coordinator SISKIYOU COUNTY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT COUNCIL SJz asfa Valley Enterprise Zone 1512 SO. OREGON ST., YREKA, CA 96097 Telephone (916) 842-1638 FAX (916) 842-2685 October 3 1, 1996

Burney Chamber of Commerce Attn: Neil Lyons 37088 Main Street Burney, CA 96013

SUBJECT: Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway

Dear Neil:

Enclosed is a copy of a Visual Assessment of the California portion of the proposed Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway. This Visual Assessment has been sent to Caltrans for its review. If the scenic qualities of the route are found to satisfy qualif&tions for nomination as a California Scenic Highway, we will be notified by Caltrans and may proceed to the next step in the nomination process.

The next step in the process will be to request the local jurisdictions (i.e., the Boards of Supervisors for Siskiyou and Shasta Counties) to adopt a "Scenic Highway Resolution Package". This package would include: a Resolution of Intent; more specific maps of the proposed scenic corridor depicting scenic features, visual intrusions, and indications of zoning and allowable land uses; and a narrative description of the elements that make the route scenic and of particular interest (e.g., historical features). The narrative would also further describe present zoning and future plans for lands in the scenic corridor.

\ The Supervisors may want special workshops or public hearings to be held in the area of the proposed byway to gather additional input from property owners and the public. After it has been determined that the route satisfies the State's program qualifications, the local jurisdiction must also adopt a program to protect the scenic corridor. The zoning and land use provisions along the highway must meet minimum requirements for protecting the scenic highway corridor.

I will contact you when we have a formal response from Caltrans regarding the Visual Assessment. Meanwhile, let me know if you have any questions on this subject. %ASi erely, Merle Anderson Community Development Coordinator

cc: Betty Futrell, SCEDD Karen Whitaker, SCWA United States Forest Winema National Forest @ Department of Service 2819 Dahlia Street - Agriculture Klamath Falls, OR 97601

File Code: 2300 Date: QEC 26 1996 Ms. Karen Whitaker Tourism Extension Manager Shasta Cascade Wonderland Association 14250 Holiday Road Redding, CA 97604

a ~ Dear Ms. Whitaker:

In response to your request for information on documented support and progress of the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Proposal, I am enclosing the following:

Resolutions of support from Oregon and California Chambers of Commerce. Letters of support from various road jurisdictional agencies/citizens including California Department of Transportation who supports in concept "developing the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway as a National Scenic Byway from Crater Lake in Oregon to Lassen National Park in California." Meeting notes from the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Steering Group from June through October, 1996. Grassroots scenic byway network diagram. Visual Assessment of the California Segment of the VLSBP with attached letter from CALTRANS that says "I believe that the document fulfills -the requirements of the State Scenic Highway nomination guidelines" and "The next step in the nomination process must be initiated by the local jurisdiction (Shasta and Siskiyou Counties) in the form of a Resolution of Intent." Copy of the main body of the Corridor Management Plan for the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway, Oregon Segment. A mailing list of participants and interested people. Status Letters of proposal progress dated 6/27/96 and 8/25/95. Copy of the ORE-CAI, RC&D Connection showing their involvement (Fall, 1996). Copies of the five articles on the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Proposal published in the Basin Business (Publication of the Klamath County Chamber of Commerce and the Herald and News) during the months of July through November, 1996. Brief sheets on the Byway with attached maps. Miscellaneous tourism information related to the Byway.

L Pat McMillan and I are following up with a couple more data items needed for presentation of the Oregon Segment to the Oregon Tourism and Transportation Commissions who approve the Oregon Scenic Byway designation.

I understand the California Group, led by Merle Anderson of the Siskiyou Economic Development Council, has successfully completed the Visual Assessment for the California Segment which has been accepted by CALTRANS. The Counties will have the responsibility to proceed with the next step in the process.

Caring for the Land and Serving People

Printed on Recycled Paper FS-6200-28b (12/93) a Whi taker Page 2

Please note that Dick Richards of CALTRANS, Redding Office, did a good job of outlining the process for California in his two letters, dated July 10, 1996 and November 19, 1996.

Both Oregon and California have made alot of progress since this effort began in May of 1995. Without the coordinated effort and synergy created by the individuals and organizations involved, such as your own, progress would not have been so great. I appreciate your interest and participation. I believe the future looks bright with continued coordination and effort toward balanced economic and lifestyle interests of our southern Oregon and northern California region.

Our geographic area has a tremendous amount of natural resources that will provide the foundation for sustainable tourism and related economies. It is exciting to realize the possibilities for the future.

If I can be of further assistance in providing information or updates, please feel free to call me at 541-883-6802.

Sincerely,

Forest Landscape Architect/ Scenic Byway Coordinator

Enclosures

CC : Pat McMillan, Klamath County Dept. of Tourism Merle Anderson, Siskiyou Economic Development Council Jim Vancura, ORE-CAL RCW Joe Riker, California Association of RC&D Councils Pat Moran, ODOT Dennis Cadd, CALTRANS Dick Richards, CALTRANS Bob Castaneda, WNF Rich Kehr , WNF Margaret Peterson, R-6 RO Recreation (Scenic Byways) Randall Sharp, Modoc NF Craig Dorman, LBNM Gil Blinn, Lassen NP Dave Menke, USF&W Lanni Fujishin, ODF&W George Buckingham, CLNP Marshall Pike, CA Guest Services Michael Romick, Crater Lake Lodge Inc.

Caring for the Land and Serving People

Printed on Recycled Paper FS-6200-2Q (12/93) a APPENDIX C: GRASSROOTS SCENIC BYWAY NETWORK

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan GRASSROOTS SCENIC BYWAY NETWORI<

OREGON CALIFORNIA (in process)

Conservation APPENDIX D: TENTATIVE PROJECT LIST

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Tentative Project List

This list was the work of a Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Coordination Meeting held on December 4,1996. The meeting was attended by: Bob Doran (ODOT), Keith Read (Klamath County Public Works), Carl Shuck (Klamath County Planning), Dennis Nelson (Klamath County Public Works), Jim Beauchemin (Oregon State Parks), Christina Lilienthal (Winema NF), Dave Menke (USF&W), Ralph Opp (Citizen), Rich Kehr and Ray Frost (Winema NF).

PROJECT Coordinatedlnterpretive Plan for the Byway (across all jurisdictions) using the major themes of volcanism/geology ,wildlife and wetlands and secondary themes of heritage resources and agritourism. High Priority. -- LOCATION Extends the length of the Oregon segment. JURISDICTION Multi-Jurisdictional POSSIBLE WORK Interpretation recommendationslfacilityupgradeslenhancement LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION National Park Service (suggested that the Denver Service Center assist) POTENTIAL PARTNERS 20%of funds would be needed from State, County Or Other nonfederal source Various jurisdictional agencies could partner

PROJECT Portal Development. High Priority. LOCATION Diamond Lake Junction, Fort Klamath, Rocky Point, Doak Mountain, State Highway 140197 Interchange, Midland Rest Area and Applegate Wayside (Stateline). JURISDICTION 0Dr)TlLandowner POSSIBLE WORK Develop and place appropriate orientation facility andlor Signage for the Byway. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION ODOTJKlamathCounty POTENTIAL PARTNERS Oregon State Forestry, Winema National Forest, US Timberlands, Fort Klamath Community, Midland Community, Klamath CountyIOregon State Tourism.

PROJECT Crystal Springs Rest Area. High Priority . LOCATION Westside Road JURISDICTION Winema National Forest POSSIBLE WORK Upgrade Picnic facility, provide interpretation of the historic school site, retrofit Romtek toilet with Cedar Roof Kit. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION Winema National Forest POTENTIAL PARTNERS Klamath County

PROJECT Wocus Bay Boat Launch. High Priority. LOCATION On State Highway 140 at Wocus Bay JURISDICTION Klarnath County (Parks) POSSIBLE WORK Rehabilitate the site. May include paving, safe access and egress, signage, parking and launch facilities, toilets and floats. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION Klamath County POTENTIAL PARTNERS Oregon State Marine Board (has funds for improvements) om

PROJECT Midland Rest Area. High Priority. LOCATION Community of Midland on State Highway 97 JURISDICTION ODOTIMidland Community POSSIBLE WORK Develop an interpretive trail highlighting the historical significance of the Midland Community (important cattle shipping port) extending from the Midland Rest Area; Reconfigure the Old Midland Road Intersection and place a welcome sign to the Midland Community; Provide orientation to the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway to tourists. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION ODOTIMidland Community POTENTIAL PARTNERS Midland community organizations, Klamath County Tourism, Oregon State Tourism. (May be opportunity to coordinate with the ODOT Midland Stateline Project scheduled for 1997). PROJECT Bald Eagle Viewing Site, High Priority. LOCATION Worden (south of Klamath Falls along Hwy 97) JURISDICTION Private POSSIBLE WORK Construct a safe gathering and parking area where people can view the Bear Valley fly- out of bald eagles. May include sanitation facilities. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION Bald Eagle Foundation and Audubon Society. POTENTIAL PARTNERS ODOTlKlamath County/Private Partners (donated land, materials and equipment for site construction).

PROJECT Applegate Wayside. High Priority. LOCATION Oregon-California Stateline on State Highway 97. JURISDICTION Klamath County POSSIBLE WORK Paving and some interpretive signage will be in place by spring of 1997. Planned facilities include an Interpreted Visitor Facility and Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway orientation. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION Klamath County Tourism POTENTIAL PARTNERS ODOT/CALTRANS/DorrisCommunityISiskiyou County/ORE-CAL RC&D, also, USF&W, Bureau of Reclamation and Lava Beds National Monument.

PROJECT Annie Crook Snopark. Medium Priority. LOCATION Near Crater Lake National Park south entrance on State Highway 62. JURISDICTION Winema National Forest POSSIBLE WORK Retrofit Romtek Toilet with Roof Kit; Construct Warming Hut for snowmobilers and snowplayers. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION Winema National Forest POTENTIAL PARTNERS Snowmobile ClubdODOT ********** PROJECT Westside Road Wildlife Viewpoint. Medium Priority. LOCATION North of Rocky Point on the Westside Road. JURISDICTION Winema National Forest POSSIBLE WORK Provide a parking facility with interpretation of Upper Klamath Marsh and Wildlife. May provide sanitation facilities. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION Winema National Forest POTENTIAL PARTNERS Klamath County/USF&W/Wildlife Organizations

PROJECT Bicycle Trail. Medium Priority. LOCATION Extend from Crater Lake National Park to the junction of Westside Road and State Highway 140; May extend bicycle route from Westside Road to Great Meadow andlor to Klamath Falls. JURISDICTION Multi-jurisdictional POSSIBLE WORK Develop surfaced bicycle trail as part of roadway or near road prism to allow safe passage of bicycle touring groups or individuals. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION Klamath County Road DepartmentfODOTNinema National Forest POTENTIAL PARTNERS Pelican Butte Corp., City of Klamath Falls, Running Y Resort, PP&L

PROJECT Odessa Recreation Area. Medium Priority. LOCATION Odessa area along State Highway 140. JURISDICTION PrivatzNinema National Forest POSSIBLE WORK Provide private RV camping opportunities, potentially relocate Odessa Campground, offer boating access to Upper Klamath Lake in the vicinity LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION Winema National Forest POTENTIAL PARTNERS Private Landowners/Concessionaires

PROJECT Tomuhawk ZntersectionlPelican Cut Access. Medium Priority. LOCATION On State Highway 140 where the intersection to Rocky Point is located. JURISDICTION ODOTJWinema National Forest/ODF&W POSSIBLE WORK Realign intersection and provide safer access to Pelican Cut Boating Site; rehabilitate and enhance Pelican Cut Boating Site. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION Winerna National Forest/ODF&W/ODOT POTENTIAL PARTNERS Pelican Butte Corp.

PROJECT Agriculture Crop Signs. Medium Priorit4 . LOCATION Along State Highway 140,97 and the Amtrak line. JURISDICTION Private LandownersIState and Federal Refuges POSSIBLE WORK Provide signs that identify crops along the various routes. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION Klamath County Extension Service POTENTIAL PARTNERS NRCSIFarm BureauIKlamath County Chamber of Commerce

PROJECT Upper Klamuth Canoe Trail Rest Stop. Low Priority. LOCATION Rocky Point an Recreation and Crystal Creeks. JURISDICTION Winema National Forest/USF&W POSSIBLE WORK Provide a rest float with or without toilet facilities, Double as a wildlife viewing blind. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION. Winema National Forest POTENTIAL PARTNERS USF&W/Wildlife organizations

PROJECT Pelican Guard StationlUSFdi W Cabin. Low Priority. LOCATION On Westside Road near State Highway 140 and above Recreation Creek. JURISDICTION Winema National Forest POSSIBLE WORK Provide Environmental Education Opportunities LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION Winema National Forest POTENTIAL PARTNERS USF&W/Southern Oregon State College

PROJECT Sanitation Facilities at Sites along the Byway. High Priority. LOCATION Various locations JURISDICTION Multi-jurisdic tiond POSSIBLE WORK Provide accessible toilets and/or retrofit kits at various locations which may include Annie Creek Snopark, Crystal Springs Rest Area, Rocky Point Boat Launch, Pelican Cut, Upper Klamath Canoe Trail, Malone Springs, Wocus Bay Boat Launch, Bald Eagle Viewing Site at Worden and Millrr Island Refuge. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION Winema National Forest POTENTIAL PARTNERS Klamath County, Bald Eagle Foundation, USF&W, Audubon Society, ODF&W

PROJECT Westside RV Dump Station. Not Prioritized. LOCATION Somewhere along the westside. JURISDICTION open POSSIBLE WORK May be a need to provide RV D=p Station Services. LEAD AGENCYIORGANIZATION Encourage Private Development POTENTIAL PARTNERS Volunteers

SPUR ROUTES Two spur routes have been identified. The Chiloquin Spur Route would extend from Fort Klamath south along S.H. 62 to S.H. 97 and then north along S.H. 97 to the Collier State Park and Williamson River area. The Eagle Ridge Spur Route would offer a more primitive driving experience and access County Park boating and picnic facilities on Eagle Ridge. Projects that have been identified include: Chiloquin Spur Route: Orientation at Collier State Park, S.H. 62 and Fort Klamath; Bicycle access along S.H. 62, Canoe trails and boat launch at Collier State Park; Identification of Private Sector Facilities including the Kla-Mo-Ya Casino and River Guide Services. Eagle Ridge Spur Route: Nature Trail dong Shodwater Bay for Wildlife Viewing; potential upgrade of parking and sanitation facilities at Eagle Ridge. APPENDIX E: VISION 2002

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan 6 Prairie Falcon

unerpec/ed,j, c-on Lours.. .. ~youduuedu~j//car//ps 1j7 /!ai-,your

,, . /ound'hbm undw&. -jz/pnry ~uu1d7d~uu Action Team Facilitator Diana Wright Dick Becker KLAMATH LAKE AND WETLANDS

"By 2002, our vision is to have arcessibk recreation and interpretive opportunities in qualip lake and wetlands settings."

LAKE EWAUNA Develo diverse recreational op ortuni- HKfIWAY 140 ACCESS ties an1 wetland habitat in an ur\ an set- ting to include: Improve the quality of the lake and enhance access to it along the Hi way Wetland Interpretive Center 140 corridor, between Moore Parfb and Picnic areas, trees and trails Odessa to promote: Improved boat access with restricted power boat use A lake study center at Olivers' Parking place Fishing/handicap access Recreation on the lake

1" MOORE PARK ~irdwaichin~sites Development of hot springs area evel lo^ diverse, well defined, recreational opportunities along a pristine HIGHWAY 97 ACCESS lakeshore line to include: Enhance Highway 97 corridor to promote Beaches traveler's awareness of the beauty and Lakeside concert center quality of the Klamath Country by: Marina complex Boating and other activities Having safe access to recreation opportunities NORTH COUNTRY Increasing the amount of camp grounds and RV arlcs Recognizing the "North Country* as the Cleaning up the Pake heart of the water quality issue for the. Increasing the amount of wet entire Klamath Basin area: lands Clean up the lake and its Improving the bald eagle habitat watershed Develop educational and recreational opportunities. 2002 ACI'ION PLAN FOR: Klamatb Lake/Wetlandi -Lake Ewauna

2 la: Wedand Interpotive Ctr. hfodoc Lumber, City Pa& Dept, Wing Watchas

2lb: Picnic Arcas, Trees k Trails Wing Watchers, P.P. k L, atyP* ~ept,

2 lc: Improved ktAccess With State Highway Dept. Restricted Power Boat Use

2ld: Parking atyp* Dept,Modoc -, Wing Wstche~r, State Highway

2le: Fishing and Handicap Access Jack O1Camor,Modoc -, arnty 2002 ACTION PLAN FOR: Klhmatb Lake/Wetlhzds - Moore Park

21E Develop Beaches 4 City Pa& Dept, Marine Boad, DEQ ODFW

2 lg: Lakeside Concert Center 4 City Pa& Dept.

2 1h: Marina Complex 4 City Pa& Dept. WathntStores, Restanmnt, Farmer's Market

21 i: Booting and Other Activities, Boat 4 4 4 YachtCluh,Pelican Tours,Paddle Wheeler and Marina, Lakeside Gambling, Sailboat Races, Marina, City Council Windsnrfing 2002 ACTION PLAN FOR: Klamatb Lake/Wetlknds - Nortb Comty

21j: Clenn Up The Lake 4 4 4 LODdChvna~ DEQ Improve water quality by reducing agri- ODFW culture pollutants, use of the weed Klamath Tribc chopper, watershed improvements, Forest Service wetlands improvement and general Nature Comemancy clean up. 0th-

2 1$ Develop Educational and v' 4 4 AU ofabove Reureatiod Oppomnitis Including campgrounds, handicap access for fishing, canoe trails, park- ingrest areas, and birdwatching sites and environmental studies center. 2002 ACTION PLAN FOR: Klamatb Lake/Wetlan/ls -Hq 140 Access

211: MeStudy Center at Oliver's Place Private Owner

21 m: Recreation on the Lake KlPmplth Connty, Forest Mce,ODFW, Including sailboat racing, windsurfing, .W@aser, Private beaches, canoe trails, floating rest Land Owner, Othen areas, boat toun, handicap access for fishing.

2111: Development of Campgrounds All of21m

21 0: Birdwatching Sites All d21m

2 1p: Mopment of Hot Springs Ano 2002 ACI'ION PLAN FOR. Klamatb Lake/Wetlands - Hq97 Access

21q: Sde Access To Recreation State HT wt, SaothemPac&,Rivate Opportunitia Landowner

21r: Campgrounds and RV Parks 4 4 4 KlPrmthCannty,PrivPtc Laadowner

21s: CleaningUpTheLake 4 4 4 PrivsteLMdowner, DEQ ODFWf(;lamath 2 1t: Increasing The Amwnt of Wetlands 4 4 4 *ty9Fo=tS-k KlPrmth Tribe, Othcrs

210: Improving The Bald Eagle Habitat 4 4 ApproprinteLandmcrs APPENDIX F: U.S. HIGH-WAY 97 CORRIDOR STRATEGY, CORRIDOR OBJECTIVES

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan Corridor Objectives

Corridor Strategy Goal and Themea

The purpose of the Oregon Transportation Plan (OTP) is to guide the development of a safe, convenient and efficient transportation system which promotes economic prosperity and livability for all Oregonians. The OTP establishes four goals for Oregon's future transportation system -- Characteristics of the System, Livability, Economic Development and Implementation. To simplify statewide corridor analyses, Transportation Performance Measureswand '4kansportation Impactw categories common to all corridors have been developed by ODOT based on OTP goals and policies.

The strategy development process for the U.S. 97 Corridor included several public meetings and workshops where corridor issues, concerns and opportunities were discussed. Based on the input received &om these meetings and relevant technical information on transportation trends, projections and safety, the overdl goal for the U.S. 97 Corridor ie: to promote cornmeme bj. efficientlydbtributing goocis and services, while enhancing travel safety, maintaining environmental integrity, mad preserving regional quality of life.

The detailed strategy objectives are intended to embody this overall goal for the Corridor, and to set direction and provide guidance for corridor-wide transportation plans and enhancements. There are six underlying themer of the comdor strategy which were identified during the strategy development process:

Key Themes for the U.S. 97 Corridor:

Enhancing Safety -Addressing a wide range of safety issues, including truck and vehfdar accidents, vehicle-wildlife mllisions, rock-falls, snow and ice removal, abd maintenance-related concerns. Facilitier Management and Improvement -Maintaining overall travel times along the Comdor will require careful facilities management, and in some segments, additional capacity improvements. In general, efficient use of existing facilities will be emphasized to the maximum extent practical prior to planning for capacity improvements. Where capacity improvements are warranted due to inadequate level of service and safety issues, the improvements will generally follow a four- phased approach outside urban areas (i.e., Phase 1 - passing lanes at 3-5 mile spacing; Pham 2 - continuous four land section; Phase 3 - grade separate the higher volume road intersections, and ; Phase 4 - full access control with median barrier).

Page 42 Comdor Objectives

For most of the U.S.97 Comdor south of La Pine, a passing lane strategy (i.e., Phase 1 level) will probably be adequate for the 20 year planning period. Given the significantly higher traffic volumes in the Madras to La Pine section, improvements beyond a facilities management and passing lane strategy will be needed consistent with the four-phased approach outlined above (note: about one-half thia section is already four lanes). In smaller rural senrice centers, such as Terrebonne, La Pine, Chemult and Crescent, the focus wili be on slowing traflic to posted speeds using a combination of enforcement, fadtie8 management and tmmcalming technique8 (extended curbs, landscaping, raised medians, etc.). Inter- Connections -Improving intermodal access and multimodal connectivity between Amtrak and 1ocaVmsort destinations, and between truck, rail and air service. Interpmtiue Opportunities and Reaervrrtion ofEnvirtmmentd Qudity - Enhancing recognition of and access to aesthetic characteristics along the Corridor through supporting the establishment and enhancement of scenic viewing areas, interpretive signage, scenic loop roads and pathways. Transportation improvements within the Comdor will be sensitive to preserving and/or improving the quality of the Corridor's natural environment, including the physical, cultural, and biotic components.

Economic Development -Assisting local jurisdictions with special economic development-related improvements that embody Corridor goals and objectives, and optimize the integration of transportation and land use.

Partnering -Identifying opportunities for partnerships between ODOT, local jurisdictions, state and federal agencies, and the private sector to acbieve the Corridor strategy goals and objectives, and to implement the level and quality of transportation facilities and service8 that meet the needs of the Comdor.

Transportation Pedormance measure!^

Transportation performance objectives relate to transportation balandhtermodd connectivity, regional connectivity, highway congestion, facility management, roadway conditions and safety. State policies, corridor goah and strategy objective8 for these transportation performance measures are described below: ,

A. Tranaportatwn Balancellnkrmodal Connectivity It is the policy of the State of Oregm to provide a balanced tmnsportatwn system. A balanced tmnsportation system is one that provides transportation options at appropriate minimum service standards, reduces reliance on the single-occupant

Page 43 'CorridorObjectives

automobile where other modes or choices can be made availdie, particularly in urban areas, and takes advantage of inherent efficienciesof each mode. The goal for the U.S. 97 Corridor includes maintaining and improving Highway 97 to serve auto and truck tmvel needs as the primary modes in this corridor, while maintaining and encouragingthe we and connection of alternative modes, including rail, air and intercity bw service throughout the Corridor, especially in urban, and urbanizing areas. The objectives described for each ticrvel mode we intended to create a more balanced transportation system over time.

Objective A1 -Automobiles and Trucks In concert with improving systems and facilities that accommodate alternative modes of travel (e.g., rail, bike, pedestrian), the Highway Plan indicates that Oregon must commit to protecting and improving its highway system or risk losing its economic base and potential economic expansion. As a statewide highway, the management objective for Highway 97, as stated in the Highway Plan, is to provide for safe and efiient high-speed continuous flow operation in rural areas and modemte-speed operations of flow in urban and urbanizing areas, and rural development centers. Specific performance objectives for the highway are described in Section C, Highway Congestion, Facility Management and Roadway Conditions. Objective A2 -Freight Rail Service The OTP calls for rail lines, including the Burlington Northern Bend Branch and the Southern Pacific Cascade Line, to be operated at not less than a minimum speed of 25 mph. Partner with the Burlington Northern railroad to maintain average operating speeds of 40 to 60 mph with the exception of 25 mph maximum speeds in the Deschutes River Canyon of the Bend Branch line. Partner with the Southern Pacific Railroad to maintain Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) Class 4 standards along the Cascade Line. Partner with the City of Prineville to consider improvements that are required to maintain existing Prineville Railway Freight service.

Objective A3 -Highway /Rail Freight Connectivity In addition to minimum level of service standards for highway bight, the OTP calls for intermodal raiYtruck reload facilities on rail mainlines with service areas of 150 miles, including Klamath Falls on the Southern Padic Cascade Line. Partner with carriers and receivers to facilitate transfer of highway bight to rail where economically feasible. Support long-term improvements in co~ectionsto mqjor manufacturing and distribution facilities in Klamath Falls, Prineville, Bend, Redmond, Madras and elsewhere a% the market demands.

Page 44 Corridor Objectives

Objective A4 -Public Transportation Service The policy of the OTP is to provide intercity passenger transit service tdfrcm cities or groups of cities with a population of more than 2,500 and located 20 miles or more hmthe nearest Oregon city with a larger population. The targeted minimum of one round trip per day is currently provided by Greyhound Bus lines. Develop a coordinated public transportation system over time with multimodal alternative8 and proper facilities. Begin to establish a public transportation system in Bend that coordinates the role of special needs transportation providers and their services. Initially work with local jurisdictione within Deschutes County to eetablish local bus sedce for the elderly and transit-dependent population with Dial-A-Ride service between the Redmond Municipal Airport, Bend, Sunriver, La Pine and Chemult. Eventually expand to hourly service to selected destinations. Work with existing intercity bus districts (i.e., B-in Transportation District) and special needs transportation operations to maintain or increase bus senrice frequency. Explore rideshare, park and ride and other pilot program for providing amenities and unique services that may benefit or supplement public transportation service expansion. bbjective A5 -Intercity Bus /Passenger Rail Service and Connectivity Amtrak's Coast Starlight line stops in Chemult and Klamath Falls twice a day, as does the Greyhound Bus line. An Amtrak route through Central Oregon was evaluated as part of the Oregon 1992 Passenger Rail Plan. The evaluation concluded that projected ridership would be very low, equivalent to 15 percent of that experienced by the existing Willamette Valley route, and the travel time between LaAngelee and Seattle would be extended by 3.5 hours. In addition, operating a Central Oregon route was projected to require a $22kider subsidy. Ln cooperation with local jurisdictions, railroads, and others, explore development of enhanced intercity bus service as a first step to determining tho feasibility of intercity passenger rail service from Redmond to Bend (and possibly Chemul t). Work with local jurisdictions and Amtrak to plan and implement improvementa to the Chemult and Klamath Falls Passenger Rail Station, encourage ridership, and pmvide improved transit Wages with major recreational destinations. Consider improvements relating to rest morn, waiting are- and visitor information. Partner with local jurisdictiom and private transportation pmviders to ensure that intercity bus service and passenger rail service includes efficient and reliable intermodal co~mections(bus, taxi, rental car) to deetinationa and activity centers. Corridor Objectives

In accordance with the OTP, evaluate the need and feasibility of an impmved intercity transit station in the Bend urban area

Objective A6 -Air Service and Connectivity The Redmond Municipal Airport and the Klamath Falls International Airport both pmvide daily scheduled passenger service within the Corridor. Both commercial airports exceed the minimum level of three daily round-trips identified in the OTP. In accordance with Oregon Aviation Plan, provide continued support for airport facilities impmvements and highway access management, including the Bend and Ftedmond Municipal Airport and Chiloquin Airport runway expansion plans. Improve modal connections between Ftedmond, Bend and Madras airports with surrounding major destinations and activity centers. Work with the private sector to pmvide transit express bus, taxi and car rend service, as the market demands. Partner with the private sector and others to evaluate long-term potential for an international air freight distribution center at Klamath Fails International Airport.

Objective A7 -Bicycle /Pedestrian Facilities Developing safe and convenient walkways, bikeways, and highway crossings are goals of the OTP. In addition, the Transportation Planning Rule advocates the provision of pedestrian and bicycle facilities that allow direct, hazard-free travel, such as sidewalks and bike lanes in urban areas. Through all urban areas, as well as La Pine; Chemult, Crescent and Terrebonne, provide sidewalks and bike lanes on both sides as Highway 97 and safe and convenient pedestrian crossings. Improvements should occur primarily in conjunction with new highway projects or major reconstruction. Retrofit projects will be programmed based on need. In cases where it is anticipated that there will be little use of a sidewalk or a bike lane on the highway and it would be of greater value to pedestrians and/or bicyclists to construct a parallel facility, then the parallel facility may be impmved in lieu of the highway improvement. AU pedestrian facilities and crossings should be accessible to people with disabilities, including hearing, visual mobility and cognitive disabilities. Sidewalks should be b&ered from the highway with adequate landscaping, shoulders, and/or parking, in areas with design speeds of 45 mph or above. ODOT will work with USFS, the public, and local jurisdictions to develop, where practical, bicycle facilities between Ftedmond and La Pine that are parallel to Highway 97 using dedicated easements and right-of-way along gas pipelines, old roads, railroads and irrigation canals. Also, work with local

Page 46 Corridor Objectives

jurisdictions to improve local bike/pedestrian networks in Madras, Redmond, Bend and Klamath Falls urban areas. Cooperate with local jurisdicLom to expand the modal share of bicycling and walking trips-to-work within urban areas in the Comdor to at least double the state average. Objective A8 -Pipelines In order to make alternative fuel widely available and to support regional economic development opportunities, the OTP calls for adequate natural gas to be available every 100 to 150 miles on major transportation comdors, when economically feasible. Encourage the Public Utilities Commission (PUC) and Pacific Gas Transmission Company (PGTC) to maintain or improve the natural gas transmission line and the service provided to communities within the Comdor. B. Regionui Connectivity -It is the policy of the state of Oregon to identi& and develop a statewide transportation system of corridors and biiities that enswes appmpricrte access to all areas of the state, nation and the world. (OTP Policy IE). The stated overall goal for the Comdor includes promoting commerce through the efficient distribution of goods and services. This will involve coordinating interstate transportation linkages and-intra-stateservices, particularly for the transportation disadvantaged. .

Objective B1 -Interstate Transportation Connections Highway 97 provides direct access to Washington and California In addition, the Burlington Northern, Southern Pacific and Union Pacific railroads and Amtrak Coast Starlight lines all provide freight and passenger service within the Comdor for goods and people moving throughout Oregon and the nation. Work with the Washington Department of Transportation and California Department of Transportation to coordinate policies and enhance the connection between the Corridor end Interstate 82 in South Central Washington and Interstate 5 in Northern California for all appropriate mode8 of travel. Partner with Burlington Northern, Southern Pacific, and Union Pacific railroads to identify rail freight transportation issues and to facilitate transfer of highway freight to rail. Partner with Amtrak, public transportation providers and local jurisdictions to enhance access to and ridership (boardings/deboarding) at the Chemult and Klamath Falls Amtrak station areas. Corridor Objectives

Objective B2 - Transportation Disadvantaged Services Transportation disadvantaged populations in the Comdor have their transportation needs met by a variety of service agencies. Coordination of these services could save money and allow for more efficient levels of transit service and reduced reliance on the automobile. Work with local jurisdictions,-public transportation providers, and community-based social service agencies to identify and respond to the needs of the transportation disadvantaged population. Coordinate the services of existing providers to serve all population segments more effectively.

C. Highway Congestion, Facility Management and Roadway Conditionr - It is the policy of the state of Oregon to +fine minimum levels of service and assure bahnced, multi-modal accessibility to existing and new development within urban areas to achieve the state goal of compact, highly livable urban areas. It is also the polity of the state of Oregon to provide interurban mobility through and near urban areas in a manner which minimizes adverse effects on land use and urban travel patterns. (OTP Policies 2B and 2C).

Highway congestion is a very important issue, particularly in the rapidly growing central section of the Highway 97 Comdor. The management goal for the Corridor is to provide for safe and efficienthigh-speed continuous flow operation in ruml areas and moderate- to high-speed opemtions of fiw in urban and urbanizing areas, and rural development centers. The Corridor goal is to address overall congestion by working with local governments to accommodate local mobility needs while maintaining through travel needs, using Transportation Demand Management (TDM) programs, multimodal facilities and other strategies, in addition to highway capital improvements. The tendency of Highway 97 to act as a linear barrier to east-west movement of people, goods and wildlife needs to be reduced, or at least should be minimized by careful design and improved facilities management. Objective C1 -Highway Level of Service and Tmvei Time Establishing minimum level of service (LOS)standards are important for maintaining the quality of life of residents in the Comdor and effectively moving commerce throughout the state. Capacity improvements are required to reduce existing and projected levels of congestion in rapidly expanding areasof the Comdor. However, alternatives such as access management, development of a good local road system and improved land use planning will be essential for effectively managing congestion and where practical, should be implemented prior to, or in concert with, any needed capacity improvements. It is also important to note that maintaining a high level of service and low travel times can adversely affect other quality of life factors such as wildlife, open space, etc. Maintain existing average overall travel times within highway comdors.

Page 48 Corridor Objectives

hvide highway design-hour LOS B in rural areas and C or better in urban areas, urbanizing areas and rurd development centers. Lower levels of service in selected urbanized segments may be acceptable, as determined during the systems planning process. Objective C2 -Tmnsportatwn Demand Management/ Rideshare Measures TDM measures include facilities and services designed to reduce peak period highway congestion and reduce single vehicle occupancy. Measures include park and ride facilities, vanpool, carpool, express bus, local bus system, subsidized transit fares, parking management programs, trip reduction ordinances, flex time, walking and bicycling promotion, telecommuting and impact fees. Continile to expand and support WMand pedestrian-oriented "mixed-use" development measures in Bend, Redmond, Madras and Klamath Falls urban areas. Build upon the existing Rideshare Program in Deschutes County with other TDM measures, such as parking management provisions, trffic impact fees, and support for employer-based commute options such as vanpools, compressed work weeks/staggered work hours, walking, bicycling and telecommuting. Step up outreach programs to help facilitate TDM objectives. Programs should fokus on informing .and educating local residents, employees.and employers about available TDM measures, efforts and transportation options.

Objective C3 -Tmnsportatwn System Planning and Gkneral Plunning Coordination This objective acknowledges the current statewide requirement set forth by the Transportation Planning Rule (TPR) for all cities and counties that do not qualify for an exemption to the TPR to complete a Transportation System Plan by May 1997. In cooperation with the cities of Madras, Prineville, Redrnond, Bend and Klamath Falls and counties of Deschutes, Jefferson and Mlamath, develop integrated tramportation plans for urban areas and counties that are consistent with the statewide role of the Highway 97 Corridor as set forth by this Corridor Strategy and other state planning policies and goals.

Objktive C4 -Capacity Improvements Given the rapid level of population and employment growth and development that has occurred and is projected within the Corridor, specific highway capacity improvements, such as construction of passing lanes, widened shouldem and grade-separated intersections, will Likely be required in addition to enhanced facilities management to address congestion, travel time and safety issues. Alternatives such as access management, development of a good local road system and improved land use planning will be essential for effixtively

Page 49 Corridor Objectives

managing congestion and where practical, should be implemented prior to, or at least in concert with any capacity improvements. Partner with local jurisdictions to plan, design and construct highway improvements along Highway 97 in accordance with volume/capacity, safety, environmental and needs analyses. Within rural highway segments (between communities), focus capital improvements on providing high-speed, safe and continuous flow operation. Rural capacity improvementa, particularly those near urban areas, should be designed to limit unplanned development and changes in rural land use. Cooperate with Bend and Redmond systems planning efforts to evaluate the need and feasibility of bypass routes. As hding becomes available, pmd3ith developing construction projects identified in the statewide Transportation Improvement Program. Provide spot safety and capacity improvements, which have favorable ooatmenefit ratios, to enhance safe access for all modes to and fkom major destinations. For sections of the Corridor south of La Pine that demonstrate substandard levels of congestion and safety performance, provide passing lanes at 3-5 mile spacing, with adequate shoulders to accommodate bicycles and emergency vehicles. In high growth sections of the Corridor between Madras and La Pine that demonstrate substandard levels of service and safety performance, provide roadway widening in accordance with a four-phased approach. Objective C5 -Truck Routes Work with local jurisdictions to evaluate the need;'feasibility, cust and desirability of truck route modifications (such as the North Canal Boulevard option hRedmond). Support implementation where practical.

Objective C6 -Facilities Management Facilities management helps avoid premature obsolescence of highways and relatcd transportation facilities by safeiy 8ccommodating growth and increased trafiic Examples include regulating the number, type and location of driveways and intemections, and enhanced utilization of parallel 14streeta. When carefully implemented, these measures can also improve pedestrian and bicycling conditiom. The OTP & for adopting specific access management classifications, ranging fmm full access control (&ways) to partial control. .

(regional or district highways). I.

. Work with local jurisdictions to adopt and implement access management policies along the entire corridor that are consistent with the Oregon Highway Plan. Specific access management classifications should be adopted along Highway 97 during the Transportation System Planning and General Planning process.

Page 50 Corridor Objectives

ODOT and local jurisdictions should adopt and implement consistent standards regarding left turn lanes, raised medians, driveway spacing, acceleration1 deceleration lanes, turn refuges and means toenhance the local street network (e.g., better use of parallel local streets and service roads) to safely handle local traffic, improve pedestrian access and crossings, and relieve congestion in urban and urbanizing areas, and rural development centers along Highway 97.

Objective C7 -Interchanges and Grcrde Separations Increased through and cross-tr&c volumes will generate high levels of congestion and poor safety perfomance at some intersections. ODOT policy does not allow signalization of intersecLuus in rural 55 mph highway segments. Consequently in rural highway segments, when intersections are projected to meet signal warrants, are on the Safety Priority Index System (SPIS), or are needed to address a strategic element of a more detailed system plan for a high growth area, plan for interchanges or simple grade separations. Other alternatives, such as median treatments, or local road closure will be considered prior to planning for the grade separation, and if practical, will be implemented. As appropriate, seek cost participation by private developeds) and/or the county. Objective C8 -Right-of- Way Presentation In high growth areas such as Deschutes and Jefferson counties, transportation requirements increase rapidly along with property values, and new development occupies needed right-of-way. As available and environmentally suitable land diminishes, the cost of transportation improvements rises significantly, and improvements tend to have a greater impact on the character of the natural and man-made environment. Where cod-effective, sufficient right-of-way should be preserved for planned transportation improvements. Wherever practical, this step should occur through the local land-use process.

Objective C9 -May Conditions Highway 97 should be designed to meet the Highway Plan's definition of minimum tolerable conditions (MTCs) for statewide highways. This includes upgrading the highway to meet geometric and pavement MTCs over time. Focus improvements on segments with above average accident rates, high congestion and a favorable codbenefit ratio. Consider new regional partnerships between OMn' and counties to share roadway maintenance and funding for capifd improvements, particularly in areas experiencing economic downturns from reduced timber revenues. Provide minimum paved shoulder of six to eight feet, in acmrdance with design standards, aa roadway segments are modernized.

Page 5 1 Corridor Objectives

Develop an aggressive surface preservation program that achieves 88 percent fair or better conditions and reduces the Wterbreakup* pavement problem.

D. Safety -It is the policy of the state of Oregon to continually improve the safety of all fwets of statewide tmnspoTtation for system users, including operators, passengers, pedestrians, recipients ofgoods and services and property owners. (OTP Policy IG). According to the Safety Priority Index System, in 1992 there were 27 high-accident locations along Highway 97 and the accident mte in the section fmm Madrcrs to La Pine far exceeded the statewide average.

The Comdor goal is to identify and give priority to improving sdety conditions along the Highway 97 Comdor througk necessary improvements, while addressing problems associated with game crossing areas, speeding through rural centers and congestion in urban areas. Objective Dl -TmfTic Calming In small communities along Highway 97, there is a concern over the existing and projected mix of through trafiic, especially trucks, and its impact on local vehicular and non-vehicular (bicycle and pedestrian) trfi. In selected small communities (e.g., Madras, Terrebo~e,La Pine, Crescent and Chemult) consider trffic calming measures (e.g., curb extensions, signage, rdsed medians), Intelligent Transportation Systems (i.e., electronic monitorinq), and facilities management measures to help slow tracto posted speed limits and to improve safety. These measures will be planned and developed in cooperation with the local community. Objective 02 - Vehicle Recovery Zones Highway 97 is predominantly a two-lane highway with large volumes of north and southbound through traffic. In the section from La Pine to the California border, head-on accidents accounted for approxim&ly 8 percent of the total accidents recorded in years 1989,1990 and 1991. There are also more than 400 deedelk vehicle collisione each year between Bend and Mamath Falls. Fmm Sunriver to the peak of Spring Creek Hill, plan for separating the northbound and southbound lanes with a wide natural vegetation median, wherever possible. Median vegetation will emphasize plant species that maximize motorist safety while minimizing ecological impacts including wildlife/vehicle collisions, non-invasive species and aesthetics. Provide tree thinning in segments of comdor to reduce sun gldstrobe effect, improve driver visibility, help melt snow/ice and poesibly reduce wildlife-vehicle collision, particularly between Bend and Modoc Point. Preserve selected trees and shrubs to improve aesthetics and ecological <' conditions.

Page 52 Corridor Objectives

Objective 03 -High-Accident Locations The number of existing and potential accident locations was a major concern expressed by citizens and stakeholders along the Corridor. In cooperation with local officials,identrfy and develop strategies where warranted to provide proper signage and necessary mitigation measures at high-accident locations such as sharp curves, areas prone to icing, rock falls, significant wildlife crossinge and areas of high pedestrian activity. During the Corridor Planning process, mnsider and plan for facilities management improvements such as acceleratioddeceleration lanes, left turn lanes, and enhanced local street network and signalization (i.e., blinking yellow lights) to improve safety performance at high-accident intersections. Objective 04- Vehicle l Wildlife Collisions In addition to more than 400 vehicleldeer collisions between Bend and Klamath Falls each year, there are many other impacts on various types of wildlife, such as owls, snakes, and ground equirrels. Work with the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife during the county Transportation General Plrrnning process to identify and implement measures to mduce vehicle-wildlife collisions. Consider fencing and passage, seasonally amcentrated enforcement, driver education and signage as a means to improve safety to motorists and wildlife. 0 Medians in high collision masshould be designed to allow wildlife movement across the highway. Objective D5 -Snhanced Tmfi Enforcement and Safety Education In regard to the concern expmssed by citizens axid stakeholders over speeding through-tr&c and community safety, an objective addressing traffic enforcement and motorist education was requested. Consider additional traffic enforcement measures such as electronic monitoring in selected small communities (e.g., Madras, Terrebone, La Pine and Chemult). Provide Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) techniques, such as automated signage and advisory radio service to inform motorists about travel conditions (e.g., delays from congestiodaccidents, seasonal wildlife migration, in climate weather, forest &es and rock falls). Work with ldjurisdictions to consider safety improvements related to cross-tratfic movements on adjacent roads that are impacted by Highway 97.

Objective D6 -Rest Stops and Driving Experience Although OMYT has dif3iculty in bding the maintenance! for existing rest are- in the state and does not fomsee constructing new public mst stops, opportunities to 'partnef with commercial establishments, (e.g., gas stations

Page 53 Comdor Objectives

and truck stops), local jurisdictions and state or federal agencies will be considered to provide new or enhanced facilities. Ensure some type of a %st area," with access to public or private commercial restroom facilities, is provided, and meets federal Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) standards for motorists, at a spacing consistent with state standards. Consider the placement of seasonal "wildlife migration" signs at the rest area exit lane. As sections of Highway 97 are improved or upgraded, attempt to enhance the visual experience of the drive to reduce boredom and mitigate accidents, especially between Spring Creek Hill and Sunriver. Consider a variety of means to enhance comdor landscape using vegetation management, scenic vistas, interpretive signage and vehicle pull-outs. Given the importance of tourism to the regional economy, as well as the scenic and rmational potential of the Comdor, highway improvement design should reflect a high levei of aesthetic sensitivity. This includes design of transportation facilities that improves facility appearance, as well as views hmthe facilities. This will require balancing additional design costs with the functional nature of the improvement, and may require cost participation by local developers and/or jurisdictions.

Transportation Impacts

E. Environmental Impact8 -It is the policy of the state of Oregon to provide a tnznsportcrtion system that is environmentally responsible and encourages conservation of natural resources. Also, to protect and enhance the aesthetic value of transportation comdors in order to support economic development and preserve quality of life are also policies of the OTP. (OTP Policies, 1D and 2H).

The Comdor god is to promote the efficient and effective movement of goods, services and passengers and to avoid, whenever ~ible,impacts to areRsflocations of environmental and dtural significance, and create opportunities for scenic and interpretive signage, viewpoints, and turnouts, and to assure consistency with local and state agency plans and policies. Objective El -Scenic and Cultural Resources Highway 97 follows the oldest known trail in the PacXc Northwest, including the Modoc -Klamath slave trail. Historically, Highway 97 is composed of three pioneer roads including: the Huntington Road between Redmond and Klamath Falls; the Shaniko-Prineville Road; and The Dalles Military Road between Biggs and Shaniko. The OTP encourages preservation of significant view sheds 'along any state highway. Develop scenic and interpretive opportunities throughout the Corridor.

Page 54 Corridor Objectives

Utilize programs of educational signage for scenic resources, wild and scenic rivers, state scenic waterways, and other natural features consistent with Scenic Byways Program. Encourage land use controls to protect corridor view sheds, (i.e., along mile points 145.6-147.6 and 150.5-159.0). Support the development of viewing and educational opportunities for the public, focusing on sensitive, threatened and charismatic wildlife (i.e., Swainson's hawk, bald eagles, antelope), and display the scenic, geologic, and recreational resources. In cooperation with federal and state resource agencies, local governments, American Native Indian Tribes, and the public at large, reduce impacts on identified scenic, environmental and cultural resources along the Comdor. In cooperation with local jurisdictions, state agencies and Klamath Tribes, mnsider enhanced recreational acceadamenities to upper Klamath Lake and the Williamson River. In cooperation with federal and state resource agencies, local governments, Native American Tribes, and the public at large, develop strategies that will educate people about, and prwide opportunities to enjoy, the natural resource attributes found along highways. Explain how agencies are working cooperatively to assure continuance of these natural attributes, and explain how those traveling the highways can help conserve these attributes.

Objective E2 -Emergency Response, Hauudous Materials Accident and Spill Management Concerns regarding emergency vehicle access (i.e., forest fire tmcks, police, ambulance), and remediation of accidents involving hazardous materials were raised during meetings with federal and statdlocal agency sM. Specific objectives regarding facilities and programs to address accidents, hs, hazardous spills and related issues were requested. Provide minimum shoulder width for emergency response vehicles, such as fire trucks. Manage shoulder vegetation to red-ice wildfire hazard. In cooperation with local governments, Native American Tribes, federaVstate agencies, Southern Pacific and Burlingtan Northern Railroads, and Pdc Gas Transmission Company, participate in regional emergency response and hazardous materials accident and spill management programs for the Corridor. Objective E3 -Maintenance Plum for Environmentally and CulLunrlly Sensitive Areas The Comdor contains several significant cultural and environmental sites, some of which are not readily apparent. Highway and railroad maintenance activities can negatively impact these resources. Corridor Objectives

In cooperation with state and federal agencies, develop maintenance plans, including special signing and crew training to avoid, minimize or mitigate adverse effeds of highway maintenance operations on environmentally sensitive portions of Highway 97 Corridor (e.g., scenic resources, federal wild and scenic waterways, state scenic waterways, wetland and riparian habitats). Encourage Burlington Northern and Southern Pacific Railroads and Pacific Gas Transmission Company to develop and abide'by similar plans.

Objective E4 - Wildlife Crossing Areas As mentioned previously in the Safety section, the Corridor contains several high vehicldwildlife accident locations. Consistent with Oregon statewide policies and planning goals, and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife mission statements % protect and enhance Oregon's fish and wildlife and their habitats for use and enjoyment by present and future generations," specific objectives were requested to address this issue. In cooperation with federal and state resource agencies, local governments, Native American Tribes, and the public at large, develop strategies to allow the safe movement of wildlife across highways and the maintenance of their forage base and habitats, thus ensuring healthy fish and wildlife communities. In cooperation with local officials, Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW) and Oregon State Police (OSP) identify and implement strategies to address high wildlife crossing and accident locations. In cooperation with ODFW, identifP and reduce "attractive nuisancewaspects of highway developments that might attract and hold wildlife near roadways. Work with the Klamath Tribes and the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs to determine and meet their cultural fish and wildlife needs impacted by highways.

Objective E5 - Wildlife Mitigation In cooperation with ODFW, identify acceptable mitigation for engineering designs that increase wildlife impacts such as population lms or habitat loss. Mitigation measures could include wildlife water developments or habitat improvements (i.e., forage or cover).

Ob&tive E6 -Air Quality Presently, only one community within the Comdor is in nonattainment for meeting the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) air quality standards. Klamath Falls was found to be a nonattainment area for Particulate Matter 10 (PMlO). However, Klamath Falls has had no violations for the last three yeare. Klamath Falls and DEQ anticipate adoption of the Klamath Falls area maintenance plan next year.

Page 56 Corridor Objectives

Work with DEQ, the City of Klamath Falls and others to assist Mamath Falls area in having their maintenance program adopted by DEQ. Workwithotherjurisdictionstomaintaintheirattainmentstatus.

SOCM and Land Use -It is the policy of the stub? of Oregon to develop transportation plans and policies that implement Oregon's Statewide Planning Goals, as adopted by the Land Conservation and Development Commission. It is also the policy of the state of Oregon to provide a transportation system consistent with, yet recognizing differences in, local and regional land we and an economic development plan. (OTP Policies 2A and 2EI.

Objktive 31 -Transportation-Land Use Integration Planning within the Corridor must attempt to balance the expansion of transportation facilities and enhanced management of local roadway systems, with new development and the protection of social, cultural and environmental resources. Work with local jurisdictions to optimize the local street network, utilize access management, and manage land use development patterns. Work closely with small communities, such as La Pine and Chemult, to consider refocusing their local comprehensive plans in accordance with an available land and existingfplanned transportation infrastructure. Assist communities, as appropriate, in planning for development of commercial centers on parallel or adjoining local roadways. Concurrent with local transportation systems and general plans, assist larger urbanized areas in amending local comprehensive plans to encourage higher density mixed-use development at designated nodes or activity centers, along with pedestrian and transit-oriented design features. Support patterns of development.that avoid or eliminate significant at-grade railmad crossings, whenever possible. Assist local jurisdictions in amending local comprehensive plans to avoid, consolidate andor eliminate at-grade crossings. Work with local jurisdictions to minimize land use conflicts near airports. Rural capacity improvements, particularly those near urban areas, should be designed to limit unplanned development and changes in rural land use. Objective F2 -Accomrnodute Elderly Users The central section of the Highway 97 Corridor, particularly Deschutes County,, has displayed rapid growth in the number of elderly residents. Tbe pwthrate for population over the age of 55 is projected to outpace the average overall population growth in the county. Evaluate needs of elderly transportation users, especially in urban areas where elderly population is rapidly increasing. Work with local jurisdictione to provide: better lighting and signage; para-transit service; transit

Page 57 Corridor Objectives

Work in cqoperation with Klamath County and Klamath Falls jurisdictions and the airport to evaluate long-term potential of developing a new international air freight facility at the Klamath Fails International Airport.

The Comdor Strategy objectives for the U.S. 97 Comdor are intended to embody the overall goal for the Corridor and to establish direction and provide guidance for corridor-wide transportation plans and enhancements over the next 20 years. Each objective is intended to be predicated upon existing federal, state and local policy, perceived local need, and supporting technical idormation. The Corridor Strategy, once endorsed by local jurisdictions and OD(Tr, will become the guiding document for detailed transportation system plans and general plans, which establish comdor improvement priorities for state funding; thereby ensuring that future transportation facilities and services optimize the needs of bgon's Comdor stakeholdem.

Endorsement of the Comdor Strategy by local jurisdictions and subsequently ODOT is expected to occur during the FaWWinter of 1995196. During this time period, all comments and questions pertaining to the Corridor Strategy are welcome, and should be provided in writing and sent to:

Mark DeVoney Oregon Department of Transportation, Region 4 P.O. Box 5309 Bend, OR 97708 (503) 388-6342 Fax: (503) 388-6231

Page 60 APPENDIX G: KLAMATH COUNTY ZONING DEFINITIONS

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan ARTICLE 55 FORESTRY (F)

The purpose of this zone is to protect forest ecosystems, and to safeguard those sectors of the economy dependent upon forest ecosystems, by conserving the forested land base and f rest resources, and by allowing for environmentally sound and economicallv efficient forest practices. At the same time, Forest zone regulations are aimed at- providing opportunities for human habitation, recreation and agricultural- uses, consistent with the sound management of soil, air, water, vegetation, fish and wildlife that ensures the continued vitality of the ecosystem, and that does not unnecessarily hinder forest practices. Oregon Statewide Planning Goal 4 requires that forest land be conserved. Forest lands are conserved by adopting and applying comprehensive plan provisions and zoning regulations consistent with the goal and OAR 660-06. The intent of OAR 660-06 is to allow, in addition to forest practices and operations and uses auxiliary to forest practices, uses related to and in support of forest operations; uses to conserve resources and to provide for habitat, agriculture, and recreation; locationally dependent uses; and dwellings, under certain conditions.

The following uses shall be allowed pursuant to the Oregon Forest Practices Act: A. Forest operations, defined as any commercial activity relating to the growing or harvesting of any forest tree species as defined in ORS 527.620(6), including, but not limited to, reforestation of forest land, road construction and maintenance, harvest of a forest tree species, application of chemicals, and disposal of slash where such uses pertain- to commercial forest activity; B. Temporary on-site structures and physical alterations to the land that are auxiliary to and used during the term of a particular forest operation or practice. Alterations include but are not limited to those made for the purposes of mineral exploration, mining, gravel extraction and processing, landfills, dams, reservoirs, road construction or recreational facilities; C. For the purposes of this subsection, "auxiliaryn means a use or alteration of a structure or land which provides help or is directly associated with the conduct of a particular forest practice. An auxiliary structure is located on site, is temporary in nature, and is not designed to remain for the forest s entire growth cycle. An auxiliary use is removed when a particular forest practice has concluded. D. Uses to conserve soil, air and water quality, and to provide for vegetation, fish and wildlife resources; E. Farm use as defined in ORS 215.203. F. Local distribution lines (e.g. electric, telephone, natural gas) and accessory equipment (e.g. electric distribution transformers, poles, meter cabinets, terminal boxes, pedestals) or equipment that provides service hookups, including water hookups. G. Exploration for mineral and aggregate resources as defined in ORS Chapter 517. H. Water intake facilities, canals, and water distribution lines for farm irrigation and ponds.

The following uses are permitted subject to site plan review of Article 41, and all other applicable standards, criteria, rules and statutes governing such uses: A. Temporary portable facilities for the primary processing of forest products; B. Towers and fire stations for forest fire protection; C. Caretaker residences for public parks and public fish hatcheries; D. Uninhabitable structures accessory ,to fish and wildlife management; E. Temporary forest labor camps; F. ~lteration,restoration, or replacement of lawfully established dwellings, provided such dwellings have intact exterior walls and roof structure; indoor plumbing consisting of a kitchen, sink, toilet and bathing facilities connected to a sanitary disposal system; interior wiring for interior lights; and a heating system. In the case of replacement, the original dwelling must be removed, demolished, or converted to an allowable non-residential use within three months of the completion of the replacement dwelling. G. Widening of public roads within existing rights-of-way in conformance with the transportation element of the County Comprehensive Plan, including public road and highway projects as described in ORS 215.213 (1)(m) - (p) and 215.283 (1)(k) - (n). H. Destination Resorts that meet the criteria of and follow the review process established in Article 88 of this Code. Destination Resorts are limited to areas designated in the ordinance as appropriate for this purpose. I. Exploration for, and production of geothermal, gas, oil, and other associated hydrocarbons, including the placement and operation of compressors, separators and ather customary production equipment for an individual well adjacent to the well head.

55 - 040 - ITIONAT, USES The following uses may be established subject to the criteria in Section 55.050 and the provisions of Article 44: A. Permanent facilities for the primary processing of forest products ; B. Permanent facilities for logging equipment repair and storage; C. Log scaling and weigh stations; D. A solid waste disposal site approved by the governing body of a city or county or both for which the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality has granted a permit under ORS 459.245, together with equipment, facilities or buildings necessary for its operation;

Revised 3-17-95 Parks and campgrounds. For the purposes of this Article a campground is an area devoted to overnight temporary use for vacation, recreational or emergency purposes but not for residential purposes. A campground may accommodate tent, travel. trailer or recreational vehicle use, and associated facilities, but shall not include intensively developed recreational uses such as swimming pools, tennis courts, retail stores or gas stations; Mining and.processing of oil, gas or other subsurf ace resources as defined in ORS Chapter 520 and not otherwise permitted in Section 55.030 (G) (such as compressors, separators, and storage serving multiple wells), and mining and processing of aggregate and mineral resources as defined in ORS Chapter 517; Television, microwave and radio comrnu.nication facilities and transmission towers; Fire stations for rural fire protection; Utility facilities for the purpose of generating power. A power generation facility shall not preclude more than 10 acres from use as a commercial forest operation unless an exception is taken pursuant to OAR 660, Division 4; Aids to navigation and aviation; Water intake facilities, related treatment facilities, pumping stations, and distribution lines; Reservoirs and water impoundments; Firearms training facility; Cemeteries; Private, seasonal accommodations for fee hunting and fishing where : 1. Accommodations are limited to no more than 15 guest rooms as that term is defined in the Oregon Structural Specialty Code; and 2. Only minor incidental and accessory retail sales are permitted; and

3. Accommodations are occupied temporarily for the purpose of hunting during game bird and big game hunting seasons authorized by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife Commission; or 4. Accommodations are occupied temporarily for the purpose of fishing during fishing seasons authorized by the Oregon Fish and Wildlife Commission and are located within 1/4 mile of fish bearing Class I waters; and 5. The County may impose other appropriate conditions. New electric transmission lines with rights-of-way 100 feet or less in width as specified in ORS 772.210. New distribution lines for gas, oil, or geothermal with rights- of-way 50 feet or less in width; Temporary asphalt and concrete plants as accessory uses to specific highway projects ; Home occupations as allowed under Article 85 of this Code; A manufactured dwelling in conjunction with an existing dwelling as a temporary use for the term of a hardship suffered by the existing resident or a relative as defined in ORS 215.213 and 215.283. The manufactured dwelling shall use the same subsurface sewage disposal system used by the existing dwelling, and that disposal system must be adequate to accommodate the additional dwelling. If the mobile home will use a public sanitary sewer system, such condition will not be required. The temporary use permit shall be reviewed yearly as required by LDC Article 42. When the hardship ends, the manufactured dwelling shall be removed. Oregon Department of Environmental Quality review and removal requirements shall also apply to such manufactured dwellings. Expansion of existing airports; Public road and highway projects as described in ORS 215.213 (2)(q) - (s) and 215.283 (2)(p) - (r); Forest management research and experimentation facilities as defined by ORS 526.215 or where accessory to forest operations.

Applications for a conditional use permit in the Forestry zone shall be reviewed against the following criteria in place of those enumerated in Section 44.030: A. The proposed use will not create conditions or circumstances that the County determines would be contrary to the purposes or intent of its acknowledged comprehensive plan, its policies or land use regulations; and B. The proposed use is in conformance with all standards and criteria of this Code, notably Article 57; C. The location, size, design, and operating characteristics of the proposed use will not force a significant change in, or significantly increase the cost of, accepted farm or forestry practices on nearby agricultural or forest lands; D. A written covenant will be recorded with the deed which recognizes the rights of adjacent and nearby land owners to conduct farm and forest operations consistent with accepted farming practices and the Forest Practices Act, ORS 30.090-and Rules for uses authorized by this Code. E. The proposed use will not significantly increase fire hazards or significantly increase fire suppression costs or significantly increase risks to fire suppression personnel; F. The use complies with other conditions as the review authority considers necessary.

A11 of the following conditions must be satisfied for dwelling applications in Forest zones to be approved: A. The lot or parcel upon which the dwelling will be placed was legally created; and B. The tract on which the proposed dwelling will be sited does not contain a dwelling and no other dwelling has been approved for other lots or parcels in the tract, and no deed restrictions exist on any parcels in the tract that preclude said parcel from development or from being used to total the required acreage. Large ownership dwellings as set forth in 55.090 are excluded from this requirement. A tract is defined as one or more contiguous lots or parcels in the same ownership. Contiguous means connected in such a manner as to form a single block of land; and C. Approval of the dwelling will not exceed the facilities and service capabilities of the area. The proposed dwelling site: 1. shall obtain approval for on-site sewage disposal and will be adequately served by road access. Roads must meet the fire protection standards of Article 69. In addition, if road access to the proposed dwelling is by a road owned and maintained by a private party or by the Oregon Department of Forestry, the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, or the U.S . Forest Service, then the applicant shall provide proof of a long-term road access use permit or agreement. The road use permit may require the applicant to agree to accept responsibility for road maintenance; and 3. shall be developed pursuant to the siting and development standards of LDC Article 69, Rural/Wildland Fire Safety Standards, and the parcel upon which the proposed dwelling is to be located shall be within a rural fire protection district or the proposed resident must prove proof of a contract for residential fire protection; and

4. must be served by a domestic water supply from a source authorized by the state Water Resources Department, and not from a Class I1 stream as designated in the Forest Practices Rules (OAR Chapter 629). The applicant shall provide proof to the Planning Department that this requirement can be met. Evidence of domestic water supply may consist of: a. verification from a water purveyor that the use described in the application will be served by the purveyor und~r.the purveyor's rights to appropriate water; or b. a water use permit issued by the Water Resources Department for the use described in the application; or c. verification from the Water Resources Department that a water use permit is not required for the use described in the application. d. if the proposed water supply is from a well and is exempt from permitting requirements under ORS 537.545, the applicant shall submit the well constructor s report to the county upon completion of the well. D. Approval of the dwelling will not create conditions or circumstances that the County determines would be contrary to the purposes or intent of its acknowledged comprehensive plan or land use regulations; and E. The dw2lling and its placement are in conformance with all required standards and criteria of County code; and F. Approval of the dwelling will not materially alter the stability of the overall land use pattern in the area when considering the cumulative impact of dwellings on other lots or parcels in the area; and G. SITING REQUIREMENTS - The dwelling and accessory structures are sited on the parcel such that the building site selected will substantially satisfy each of the following criteria: 1. Have the least impact on nearby or adjoining forest or farm lands; and 2. Ensure that adverse impacts on forest operations and accepted farming practices on the tract will be minimized; and 3. Minimize the amount of forest lands used to site roads, service corridors, dwellings and structures; and 4. Minimize risk associated with wildfire.

H. APPROVAL CONDITIONS - Before final Planning Department approval can be granted, the following conditions must be met: The Planning Director or his/her designee shall check the Division of State Lands' most current wetlands inventory maps, and determine if the site proposed for development may have a wetland locsted on it. If it is determined that a NWI-recognized v70+,landmay be located on a site proposed for development, the Planning Director or his/her designee shall notify the Division of State Lands. A copy of this letter shall be sent to the applicant. DSL has 30 days to comment, beginning on the day notification is sent. A final decision on the application cannot be rendered until the 30 day comment period has expired; and 2. The applicant shall record a written statement with the deed which recognizes the rights of adjacent and nearby land owners to conduct farm and forest operations consistent with accepted farm practices and the Oregon Forest Practices Act (see ORS 30.930 and ORS 93.0401, and provide evidence to the Planning Department of such action. 3. The owner of the property shall plant a sufficient number of trees on the tract so that the tract may reasonably be expected to meet state Department of Forestry stocking requirements. The Planning Department shall notify the County Assessor once the above condition has been met. This notification shall be considered sufficient for tentative approval of the dwelling. Final approval is reserved for such time when the applicant submits a stocking survey report to the County Assessor and the County Assessor verifies that the minimum stocking requirements adopted under ORS 527.610 to 527.770 have been met by the time required by Department of Forestry rules. The County Assessor shall then notify the Department of Forestry, which shall proceed to verify that stocking requirements have been met. If stocking requirements are determined not to have been met, the land will be considered not qualified for forest tax deferral pursuant to ORS 321.359, and tax liability will subsequently be imposed by the County Assessor; and 4. The applicant must submit the appropriate documentation required in 55.060(C) above. 5. Notice for all dwelling applications in Forestry and Forestry/Range zones shall be provided to the Department of Land Conservation and Development off ice in Salem. This notice shall be mailed at least ten days prior to the hearing or decision to allow the dwelling. 6. The use complies with other conditions as the review authority considers necessary.

55.070 - LOT OF RRCQRD D-S IN FORRST ZOm A. REVIEW PROCESS - Review of applications for Lot of Record Dwellings shall be processed consistent with Article 44 and reviewed according to the Hearings Officer Review Procedure (Article 24), site plan review (Article 411, and all other applicable standards, criteria, rules, and statutes governing dwelling placement. B. REVIF-' - In addition tz the criteria enumerated in Section 55.060, all applications for Lot of Record dwellings will be reviewed against the following criteria. The County may allow the establishment of a single-family dwelling on a lot or parcel in a Forestry zone if the following criteria are met:

1. The lot or parcel upon which the dwelling will be placed was legally created before January 1, 1985; and 2. The lot or parcel was acquired by the present owner prior to January 1, 1985 ar was acquired by the present owner by devise or by intestate succession from a person who acquired the lot or parcel prior to January 1, 1985. For the purposes of Lot of Record dwellings, "ownerlt includes the wif el husband, son, daughter, mother, father, brother, brother-in-law, sister, sisterkin-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, mother-in-law, father-in-law, aunt, uncle, niece, nephew, stepparent, stepchild, grandparent or grandchild of the owner or a business entity owned by any one or combination of these family members; and 3. The tract on which the proposed dwelling will be sited does not already contain a dwelling, and no other dwellings have already been permitted for lots or parcels in that tract; and

4. The tract on which the dwelling will be sited is composed of soils not capable of producing 4,000 cubic feet per year of commercial tree species; and 5. The tract on which the dwelling will be sited is located within 1,500 feet of a public road as defined under ORS 368.001. The road -shallbe maintained and either be paved or surfaced with rock. A United States Forest Service or Bureau of Land Management road shall not qualify. C. APPROVAL -ITIONS - - Before final Planning Department approval can be granted for any Lot of Record dwelling, the following conditions must be met: I. If the lot or parcel on which the proposed dwelling will be sited is part of a tract, the remaining lots or parcels in the tract are consolidated into a single lot or parcel. 2. The applicant shall notify the County Assessor that the lot or parcel is no longer being used as forestland. The applicant must request that the County Assessor disqualify the lot or parcel for special assessment under ORS 308.370, ORS 308.765, 321.352, 321.730 or 321.815, and provide evidence to the Planning Department that the entire parcel has been disqualified true cash value under ORS 308.765, 321.352, 321.730 or 321.815. Evidence shall consist of written notice from the County Assessor of: 1) the disqualification for valuation at true cash value for forest use and 2) payment of any additional taxes and penalties due under ORS 215.236(6) (c).

A. BRVIEW PROCESS - Review of applications for 160-Acre Template Dwellings shall be reviewed in accordance with Article 44 and the Hearings Officer Review procedure of Article 24 and the site plan review of Article 41, and all other applicable standards, criteria, rules, and statutes governing dwelling placement. B. BEVIEW C- - In addition to the criteria enumerated in Section 55.060, all applications for 160-Acre Template Dwellings will be reviewed against the following criteria. The County may allow the establishment of a single-family dwelling on a lot or parcel in a Forestry zone if the following criteria are met: The tract on which the proposed dwelling will be sited does not already contain a dwelling, and no other dwellings have already been permitted for lots or parcels in that tract; and THE TEMPLATE TEST - A template, with an internal area of 160 acres (at the same scale as the map) shall be laid upon a map which includes the lot or parcel, and shall be centered on the center of the subject tract. The shape and alignment of the template varies depending on conditions outlined in 55.080 (B)(2) (dl . In order to satisfy the template test, the template when properly aligned shall encompass the required number of parcels (or portions of parcels) and dwellings according to the capability of the tract to produce wood fiber, as follows: a. If the lot or parcel upon which the dwelling will be placed is predominantly composed of soils that are capable of producing 0 to 20 cubic feet of wood fiber per acre per year (defined in OAR 660-06-005(2)),the template must encompass:

Revised 3-17-95 1) ~llor part of at least three other lots or parcels which existed on January 1, 1993 within a 160-acre template centered on the center of the subject tract; and 2) At least three dwellings on other lots or parcels within th.e template which existed on January 1, 1993 b. If the lot or parcel upon which the dwelling will be placed is predominantly composed of soils that are capable of producing 21 to 50 cubic feet of wood fiber per acre per year, the template must encompass:

1) All or part of ac least seven other lots or parcels which existed on January 1, 1993 within a 160-acre template centered on the center of the subject tract; and -.

2) At least three dwellings on other lots or parcels within the template which existed on January 1, 1993. c. If the lot or parcel upon which the dwelling will be placed is predominantly composed of soils that are capable of producing more than 50 cubic feet of wood fiber per acre per year, the template must encompass:

1) All or part of at least eleven other lots or parcels which existed on January 1, 1993 within a 160-acre template centered on the. center of the subject tract; and 2) At least three dwellings on other lots or parcels within the template which existed on January 1, 1993 TEMPLATE SHAPE AND ALIGNMENT The template used shall in all cases be a 160 acre square (dimensions 1/2 mile by 1/2 mile) centered on the center of the subject tract, unless:

1) The tract abuts a road that existed on January 1, 1993. In this case a rectangular template, described below, may be used in place of the square template. 2) The tract is 60 acres or larger and abuts a road or perennial stream. In these cases a rectangular template must be used in place of the square template. This rectangular template shall be of dimensions 1/4 mile by 1 mile, centered on the center of the subject tract and to the maximum extent possible aligned with the road or stream. e. SPECIAL CONDITIONS The following special conditions apply if the tract is 60 acres or larger: 1) If a perennial stream or road abnts the subject tract, at least one of the dwellings that is required to be located within the rectangular template shall be on the same side of the road or perennial stream as the subject tract and within the template, or else along the road or stream on the same side as the subject parcel and within one-fourth mile of the edge of the subject tract and within one-half mile of the center of the subject tract but not necessarily ~nside the template.

2) If a road crosses the subject tract at least one of the three required dwellings will be on the same side of :he road as the proposed dwelling. C. APPROVAL CONDITIONS - Before final Planning Department approval for a Template Dwelling can be granted, the owner must submit proof of nonrevocable deed restrictions recorded in the deed records for the parcels and lots comprising the tract. The deed restrictions shall preclude all future rights to construct a dwelling on the tracts or to use the tracts to total acreage for future siting of dwellings for present and any future owners unless the tract is no longer subject to protection under goals for agricultural lands or forestlands.

A. REVIEW PROCESS - Review of applications for large ownership dwelling permits shall be subject to the Type I1 Administrative Review procedure and the site plan review of Article 41, and all other applicable standards, criteria, rules, and statutes governing dwelling placement. B. REVIEW CRITRRIA - the County may allow the establishment of a single-family dwelling on a lot or parcel in a Forestry zone if, in addition to meeting all of the criteria enumerated in .55.060,the' tract on which the dwelling will be placed contains at least 240 contiguous acres.

55 - 100 - DIVISIONS IN FOFSST XONBS Land divisions shall be processed and reviewed consistent with Article 45. In addition to review criteria contained in Section 45.050, the following criteria and conditions shall apply: A. Forest use divisions:

1. The parcels created.shall be no less than 80 acres; and 2. he proposed division is consistent with the forest use policies of the Comprehensive Plan; and 3. The proposed division does not materially alter the stability of the overall land use pattern in the area; and

4. The proposed division provides for resultant parcels of sufficient size to ensure that forest uses and practices- may take place in a cost effective manner. B. Non-forest use divisions: new land divisions less than 80 acres in size may be approved only for uses listed in Section 55.030(H) through (I) of this.Code, and for uses listed in Sectian 55.040(A) through (N) QC this Code provided that such uses have been approved pursuant to Section 55.050 of this Code. Such divisions shall create a parcel that is the minimum size necessary for use. Notice for all land partition ap~lications in Forest zones shall be provided to the Department of Land Conserration and Development office in Salem. This notice shall be mailed at least ten days prior to the hearing or decision to allow the partition.

A. Minimum Parcel Size --see 55.100 B. Building Heights and Setbacks - See ~rcicle62 C. Fences, Walls and Screening - See Article 64 D. Landscaping - See Article 65 E. Signs - See Article 66 F. Parking - See Article 68 G. Access - See Article 71

Revised 3-17-95 ARTICLE 54 EXCLUSNE FARM USE (EFU)

54.010 - PURPOSE The purpose of the Exclusive Farm Use zones is to preserve and maintain agricultural lands for farm use and future needs f0.r agricultural products, forests and open spaces ; to conserve and protect scenic resources; to maintain and improve the quality of air, water and land resources of the County; and to establish criteria and standards for farm uses and related and supportive uses which are deemed appropriate. The intent of these zone classifications is to provide the automatic farm use valuation for farms which qualify under the provisions of Oregon Revised Statute;, Chapter 308. Therefore, the Exclusive Farm Use zone is applied to those areas which meet the definition of "agricultural landN in Oregon's Statewide Planning Goal 3. Further, the Exclusive Farm Use zones are intended to guarantee the preservation and maintenance of those areas so classified for farm use, free from conflicting non-farm uses and influences. Each zone is subject to change only in those instances where there is substantial evidence that such land is no longer suitable for agriculture or that there has been a significant and substantial change in the land needs in the County which clearly demonstrates that such land is needed for uses other than agriculture. Such determination shall' not be based on the difference in the value of the land. The Exclusive Farm Use-Cropland zone is applied to agricultural areas characterized by row crop, hay and livestock production in which there is no predominant parcel size. The Exclusive Farm Use- Cropland/Grazing zone is applied to areas of mixed cropland and grazing activities or potential. The Exclusive Fam Use-Grazing zone is for areas of predominantly range and grazing uses. It is not the purpose or intent of the Exclusive Farm Use designation to restrict accepted farm or agricultural use of land.

For the purposes of this article, the following definitions as defined in Article 11 shall apply: A. Tract: one or more contiguous lots or parcels in the same ownership. Contiguous means corinected in such a manner as to form a single block of land.

Revised 3-17-95 B. Date of creation and existence: Nhen a lot, parcel or tract is rec~nfigured pursuant to applicable law after November 4, 1993, the effect of which is to qualify a lot, parcel or tract for the siting of a dwelling, the date of the reconfiguration is the date of creation or existence. Reconfiguration means any change in the boundary of the lot, parcel or tract. C. Irrigated: means watered by an artificial or controlled means, such as sprinklers, furrows, ditches, or spreader dikes. An area or tract is "irrigatedNif it is currently watered, or has established rights to use -dater for irrigation, including such tracts that receive water for irrigation from a water or irrigation district or other provider. Agricultural Land: Lands classified by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service as predominantly (51% or more) Class I-VI soils; lands in other soil classifications that are suitable for farm use as defined in ('IRS 215.203(2) (a), taking into account soil fertility, suitability for grazing, climatic conditions, existing and future availability of water for farm irrigation purposes, existing land-use patterns, technological and energy inputs required, and accepted farming practices; land that is necessary to permit farm practices to be undertaken on adjacent or nearby agricultural lands. Agricultural land does not include landwithin acknowledged urban growth boundaries or within acknowledged exception areas for goals 3 and 4. E. High-Value Farmland: land in a tract composed predominantly

(51% or more) of soils that, at the time the dwelling- is approved for the tract are: 1. Irrigated and classified prime, unique, Class I, or Class 11; or 2. Not irrigated and classified prime, unique, Class I or Class 11; or 3. Shown to have grown specified perennials as demonstrated by the most recent aerial photography of the Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service of the United States Department of Agriculture taken prior to November 4, 1993. For the purposes of this section, Itspecified perennialsv means perennials grown for market or research purposes including, but not limited to, nursery stock, berries, fruits, nuts, Christmas trees or vineyards, but not including seed crops, hay, pasture, or alfalfa.

The following uses may be permitted subject to site plan review of Article 41, and all other applicable standards, criteria, rules, and statutes governing such uses: A. Farm use. B. The propagation or harvesting of a forest product. C. Nonresidential buildings customarily provided in conjunction with farm use. Operations for the exploration for and production of geothermal resources and oil and gas including the placement and operation of compressors, separators and other customary production equipment for an individual well adjacent to the wellhead. Any activities or construction relating to such operations shall not be a basis for an exception under ORS 197.732(1) (a) or (b). Operations for the exploration for minerals. Any activities or construction relating to such operations shall not be a basis for an exception under ORS 197.?32(1) (a) or (b). Climbing and passing lanes within the right-of-way existing as of July 1, 1987. Reconstruction or modification of public roads and highways, not including the addition of travel lanes, where no removal or displacement of buildings would occur, or no new land parcels would result . Temporary public road and highway detours that will be abandoned and restored to original condition or use at such time as no longer needed. - Minor betterment of existing public road and highway related facilities such as maintenance yards, weigh stations and rest areas, within right-of-way existing as of July 1, 1987, and contiguous public-owned property utilized to support the operation and maintenance of public roads and highways. A replacement dwelling to be used in conjunction with farm use if the existing dwelling meets the definition of historic as defined in ORS 358.480, and has been listed in the County historical resources inventory as an historic property. Alteration, restoration, or replacement of lawfully established dwellings, provided such dwellings have intact exterior walls and roof structure, indoor plumbing consisting of a kitchen, sink, toilet and bathing facilities connected to a sanitary dispo,sal system;. interior wiring for interior lights; and a heating system. In the case of replacement, the original dwelling rmst be removed, demolished, or converted to an allowable non-residential use within three months of the completion of the replacement dwelling. The creation, restoration or enhancement of wetlands. Winery as described in ORS 215.452. Destination Resorts that meet the criteria of and follow the -review process established in Article 88 of this Code. Destination Resorts are limited to areas designated in the ordinance as appropriate for this purpose.

Revised 3-17-95 54.030 - CONDITIONAL USES The following non-farm uses may be established subject to the criteria within each subsection in addition to the general criteria listed in Section 54.040 and the provisions of Article 44: A. Agricultural Packing and Processing. B. Agricultural Supplies and Services. C. Stockyards and Animal Sales. D. Agricultural Waste Processing. E. Operations conducted for the mining and processing of geothermal resources and oil and gas not otherwise permitted under Section 54.020. F. Operations conducted for the mining, crushing or stockpiling of aggregate and other mineral and subsurface resource sites inventoried in the Comprehensive Plan in excess of 1,000 cubic yards of material or where the surface area of the site is more than 1 acre. Operations conducted for processing of aggregate into asphalt or Portland cement not within two miles of a planted vineyard, defined as one or more vineyards totalling at least 40 acres

that are planted as of the date the application- - for batching and blending is filed. H.. Operations conducted for processing other mineral resources and other subsurface resources. I. Private parks, hunting and fishing preserves, and campgrounds. Fox the purposes of this Article, Campground shall mean an area devoted to overnight temporary use for vacation, recreational or emergency purposes. A camping site may be occupied by a tent, travel trailer or recreational vehicle. Campgrounds authorized by this rule shall not include intensively developed recreational uses such as swimming pools, tennis courts, retail stores, or gas stations. Existing facilities may be maintained, enhanced, or expanded, provided they comply with other requirements of this code. New development of this type is limited to lots or parcels not determined to be high-value farmland. J. Parks, playgrounds or community centers owned and operated by a governmental agency or a nonprofit community organization.

Revised 3-17-95 K. Regulation Golf courses, as defined in OAR 660-33-130(20). Existing golf courses may be expanded provided they comply with the standards set forth in OAR 660-33-130(20), and meet additional criteria stipulated in OAR 660-33-130(5) . New golf courses are limited to parcels not determined to be high-value farmland. Note that executive golf courses, par-3 golf courses, pitch and putt golf courses, miniature golf courses, and driving ranges do not qualify as regulation golf courses and are not allowed in EFU zones. Accessory uses to regulation golf courses such as: parking, maintenance buildings, cart storage, practice range, clubhouse,

restrooms, lockers and showers, food and beverage service, pro- shop, a practice course as part of a larger golf course. 1. Accessory uses shall be limited to a size, and oriented in a manner, necessary to serve the needs of persons and their guests who patronize the golf course to golf. 2. An accessory use that provides commercial services shall be located in the clubhouse rather than in a separate building. M. Commercial utility facilities for the purpose of generating power for public sale. If the commercial utility facilities take more than 20 acres out of commercial agricultural production on land not designated high-value farmland, or 12 acres on land that is determined to be high-value farmland, an exception must be taken pursuant to OAR 660-04. N. Transmission towers over 200 feet in height.

0. Utility facilities necessary forpublic service, andwhichmust be situtaed in an agricultural zone in order for that service to be provided. P. Personal use airports for airplanes and helicopter pads, including associated hanger, maintenance and service facilities. Q . Temporary facilities for the primary processing consistent with ORS 215.283(2) (i) of forest products grown on or adjacent to the parcel where the facility is sited. The permit is valid for one year and is renewable. R. A solid waste disposal site for which a permit has been granted . under ORS 459.245 by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality together with equipment, facilities or buildings necessary for its operation. New development of this type is limited to lots or parcels not determined to be high-value farmland. S . Kennel. Existing facilities may be maintained, enhanced, or expanded, provided they comply with other requirements of this code. New development of this type is limited to lots or parcels not determined to be high-value farmland. T. The propagation, cultivation, maintenance and harvesting of aquatic species. U. Construction of additional passing and travel lanes requiring the acquisition of right-of-way but not resulting in the creation of new land parcels. V. Reconstruction or modification of public roads and highways involving the removal or displacement of buildings but not resulting in the creation of new land parcels.

W. Improvement of public road and highway-related facilities, such as maintenance yards, weigh stations and rest area, where additional property or right-of-way is required but not resulting in the creation of new land parcels. X. Schools, churches, and cemeteries, including all buildings essential to the operation of these facilities, farther than three miles from an urban growth boundary. Schools, churches, and cemeteries closer than three miles from an urban growth boundary requires an exception pursuant-to ORS 197.732 and OAR 660-04. Existing facilities may be maintained, enhanced, or expanded, provided they comply with other requirements of this code. New development of these types is limited to lots or parcels not determined to be high-value farmland. Y. Churches and cemeteries in conjunction with churches farther than tnree miles from an urban growth boundary. Churches closer than three miles from an urban growth boundary require an exception pursuant to ORS 197.732 and OAR 660-04. Z. Home Occupations as allowed under Article 85 of this code. addition to Article 85, the following criteria apply to homeIn occupations in EFU zones: 1) a home occupation may 1 authorized in an existing dwelling and structures accessory beto - 1 an existing dwelling; 2) they may not be authorized in structures accessory to resource use; 3) a home occupation located on high-value farmland may employ only residents of the home. AA. Residential Care Home in an existing dwelling. I

Revised 3-17-95 1 54.040 - CONDITIONAL USE CRITERIA Applications for a conditional use permit in an Exclusive Farm Use zone shall be reviewed against the following criteria in place of those enumerated in Section 44.030: A. The ..~ro~osed .. use will not cre3te conditions or circumstances that the County determines would be contrary to the purposes or

intent of its acknowledged comprehensive- -plan, its policies or land use regulations; and B. The proposed use is in conformance with all scandards and criteria of this Code, notably Article 57; C. The location, size, design, and operating characteristics of the proposed use will not force a significant change in, or significantly increase the cost of, accepted farm or forestry practices on nearby agricultural or forest lands; D. A written statement will be recorded with the deed which recognizes the rights of adjacent and nearby land owners to conduct farm or forest operations consistent with accepted farming practices and the Forest Practices Act, ORS 30.090 and Rules for uses authorized by this Code. E. The proposed use will not significantly increase fire hazards or significantly increase fire suppression costs or significantly increase risks to fire suppression personnel; F. The use complies with other conditions as the review authority considers necessary.

54 050 - IRW WTERIA FOR EFU ZONE D- All of the following conditions must be satisfied for dwelling applications in Exclusive Farm Use zones to be approved: A. The lot or parcel upon which the dwelling will be placed was legally created; and

8. The proposed ' dwelling site can obtain approval for on-site sewage disposal, will be adequately served by road access, water, utilities, and fire protection (will not cause these facilities or services provided to the area to exceed existing capacities) ; and C. Approval of the dwelling will not create conditions or circumstances that the County determines would be contrary to the purposes or intent of its acknowledged comprehensive plan or land use regulations; and D. The dwelling and its placement are in conformance with all required standards and criteria of County code; and E. Approval of the dwelling will not materially alter the stability of the overall land use pattern in the area when considering the cumulative impact of dwellings on other lots or parcels in the area; and F. The dwelling and accessory structures are sited on the parcel such that the building site selected will minimize impact to nearby farm and forestlands and operations; and G. Before final planning approval can be granted, the Planning Director or his/her designee shall check the Division of State Lands1 most current wetlands inventory maps, and determine if the site proposed for development may have a wetland located on it. If it is determined that a DSL-recognized wetland may be located on a site proposed for development, the Planning Director or his/her designee shall notify the Division of State Lands. A copy of this letter shall be sent to the applicant. DSL has 30 days to comment, beglming on the day notification is sent. A final decision on the application cannot be rendered until the 30 day conunent period has expired. H. The use complies with other conditions as the review authority considers necessary.

, A. mWPROW Review of applications for farm dwelling permits shall be subject to the Type I1 Administrative Review procedure and the site plan review of Article 41, and all other applicable standards, criteria, rules, and statutes governing dwelling placement. B. REVIEW CRITERIA All applications for farm dwellings will be reviewed according to the criteria enumerated in 54.050, as well as the following criteria. At the time an application is made for a farm dwelling building permit, the applicant shall provide documentation showing that the dwelling is in conjunction with farm use of the property. A dwelling is considered to be customarily provided in conjunction with farm use and satisfies the requirements of this section when all of the following conditions (1 through 5) are met: 1. Except if the farm passes the capability test (see 54.060(B) (5)(c), the parcel upon which dwelling will be placed meets the minimum lot size in the applicable zone, as follows: EFU-C - The parcel is at least 80 acres in size EFU-CG - The parcel is at least 80 acres in size; EFU-G - The parcel is at least 160 acres in size;

Revised 3-17-95 2. The parcel is currently employed for farm use as defined in ORS 215.203. 3. There is no other dwelling on the subject tract, except that permitted for seasonal farm-worker housing by ORS 215.283 (1)(q) and ORS 215.213(1) (r) and defined in ORS 197.675. 4. The dwelling will be occupied by a person or persons who will be principally engaged in the farm use of the land at a commercial scale, and in the case of item (5) below, produced the commodities which earned the income necessary to meet the relevant requirement. 5. The tract in which the parcel is located passes one of the following tests. Income information should be presented to the Planning Department by way of Federal Income Tax Schedule F. a. SIZE TEST. A farm passes the size test if the tract on which the farm is located is at least 160 acres and not designated rangeland, or 320 acres and designated rangeland, and is not high-value farmland. b. INCOME TEST. A farm passes the income test if either: The tract which includes the farm is not high- value farmland, and the farm produced in the last two years or three of the last five years at least $40,000 (1994 dollars) in gross annual income from the sale of farm products. In determining gross income, the cost of purchased livestock shall be deducted.-fromthe total gross income attributed to the tract. The tract which includes the farm is high-value farmland, and the farm produced in the last two years or three of the last five years at least $80,000 (1994 dollars) of gross annual income from the sale of farm products. In determining gross income, the cost of purchased livestock shall be deducted from the total gross income attributed to the tract. c. CAPABILITY TEST. I A farm passes the capability test if all of the following criteria (1 through 5) are met: 1) SOILS The tract on which the farm is located is not high value farmland; and 2) FARM SIZE The subject tract which includes the farm is at least as large as the median size of those commercial farm or ranch tracts capable of generating at least $10,000 in annual gross sales that are located within a study area which includes all tracts wholly or partially within one mile from the perimeter of the subject tract (see below for method of computing annual gross sales capability) ; and 3) CAPABILITY The subject tract is capable of producing at least the median level of annual gross sales of county indicator crops (defined below) as the same comercial farm or ranch tracts included in the study area described immediately above; and

4) USE The subject tract is employed in a farm use at a scale capable of producing the equivalent of the median level of annual gross sales of county indicator crops; and a) If at time of application farm use is of insufficient scale to meet these requirements, approval may be given subject to a condition that no building permit may be issued prior to the establishment of farm use at the required scale. 5) LOT SIZE The specific subject lot or parcel on which the dwelling is proposed is not less than 20 acres. 6) Annual gross sales capability for a single tract shall be computed by first determining the land classes present on the tract and their acreage (obtained from the county assessor); next multiplying the number of acres in each land class in the tract by the gross sales per acre for the land class (this data provided by the county) and subsequently adding them together.

ACCESSORY FARM DWELLINGS - accessory dwelling (s) for a farm operator's relative or farm help may be allowed if the principal farm dwelling meets the criteria in 54.050 and 54.060(B) (1)- (41, and the accessory dwelling meets all of the following criteria: 1. The accessory farm dwelling will be occupied by a person or persons who will be principally engaged in the farm use of the land, and whose assistance in the management of the farm and consequent residence on the property is or will be required by the farm operator (the farm operator is the person who does the work and makes the day to day decisions) .

V- 37A Revised 3-17-95 2. There is no other dwelling on lands designated for exclusive farm use owned by the farm operat~r,that is vacant or currently occupied by persons not working on the subject farm or ranch, and that could reasonably be used as an accessory farm dwelling. 3. The proposed accessory dwelling will be located either: a. On the same parcel as the dwelling of the principal farm dwelling (i. e . the farm operator's dwellizg) ; or b. On the same tract as the principal farm dwelling when the lot or parcel on which the accessory dwelling will be sited is consolidated into a single parcel with all other contiguous lots and parcels in the tract; or c. On a lot or parcel in che same tract, but other than the lot or parcel on which the principal farm dwelling is located, when the accessory farm dwelling is a manufactured dwelling and a deed restriction is filed with the county clerk. The deed restriction shall require the manufactured dwelling to be removed when the lot or parcel is conveyed to another party. The manufactured dwelling may remain if it is reapproved under these rules.

4. The tract on which the accessory farm dwelling and principal farm dwelling are to be located passes the income test as described in 54.060 (B)(5) (b).

A. REVIEW Review of applications for a dwelling not in conjunction with farm use shall be processed consistent with Article 44 and reviewed according to the Hearings Officer Review procedure (Article 24) .

B. All applicationti for non-farm dwellings will -be reviewed against the criteria enumerated in 54.050 as well as the following criteria (1 through a), and may be approved only if all criteria are met (the applicant for the non-farm dwelling shall provide documentation showing the proposed dwelling meets the review criteria) : 1. The tract on which the non-farm dwelling is proposed does not already have an existing dwelling. The proposed dwelling and activities associated with the dwelling will not force a significant change in or significantly increase the cost of accepted farming or forest practices on nearby lands devoted to farm or forest use;

Revised 3-17-95 3. The proposed dwelling shall be situated upon a lot or parcel or a portion of a lot or parcel that is generally unsuitable land for the production of farm crops and livestock, or merchantable tree species, considering the terrain, adverse soil or land conditions, drainage and flooding, vegetation, location, and size of the tract. A lot or parcel or portion of a lot or parcel shall not be considered unsuitable solelv because of its size or location if it can reasonablyAbe put to farm or forest use in conjunction with other land. If it can be sold, leased, rented or otherwise managed as a part of commercial farm or ranch it is not "generally unsuitable. " A lot or parcel is presumed suitable if it is composed predominantly of Class I-VI soils. 4. The dwelling is compatible with farm uses, does not seriously interfere with accepted farming practices on nearby lands devoted to agricultural use (as defined in ORS 215.203 (2)),and is consistent with state agricultural land-use policy (set forth in ORS 215.243), which is designed to conserve agricultural lands; 5. The dwelling will be sited on a lot or parcel created before January 1, 1993; or the lot or parcel was created after January 1, 1993 pursuant to the procedure for land partitions in EFU zones established in ORS 215.263(4); 6. The dwelling does not materially alter the stability of the overall land use pattern of the area when considering the cumulative impact of non-farm dwellings on other lots or parcels in the area; 7. If the parcel is under forest assessment: a. A lot or parcel or portion of a lot or parcel shall not be considered unsuitable solely because it is too small to be managed for forest production profitably by itself. If a lot or parcel under forest assessment can be sold, leased, rented or otherwise managed as a part of a forestry operation it is not "generally uns~itable.~A lot or parcel is presumed suitable if it is composed predominantly of soils capable of producing 20 cubic feet of wood fiber per acre per year. . b. The proposed dwelling must be compatible with, and must not seriously interfere with, forest practices as described in ORS 527.620 (6); and c. The proposed dwelling must not force a significant change in forest practices or significantly increase the cost of those practices on the surrounding land. 8. The dwelling complies with such other conditions as the governing body or its designate considers necessary. C. APPROVAL CONDITIONS - Before final Planning Department approval can be granted, the applicant shall: Notify the County Assessor that the lot or parcel is no longer being used s.s farmland. The applicant must request that the County Assessor disqualify the lot or parcel for special assessment under ORS 308.370, ORS 308.765, 321.352, 321.730 or 321.815, and provide evidence to the Planning Department that the entire parcel has been disqualified true cash value under ORS 308.765, 321.352, 321.730 or 321.815. Evidence shall consist of written notice from the County Assessor of: 1) the disqualification for valuation at true cash value for farm use and 2) payment of any additional taxes and penalties due under ORS 215 -236(6) (c! . 2. Record a written statement with the deed which recognizes the rights of adjacent and nearby land owners to conduct farm and forest operations consistent with accepted farm practices and the Oregon Forest Practices Act (see ORS 30.930 and ORS 93.040), and provide evidence to the Planning Department of such action.

A. REVIEW PROCESS - Review of applications for Lot of Record Dwelling permits shall be processed consistent with Article 44 ar.d reviewed according to the Hearings Officer Review procedure (Article 24), a site plan review (Article 41), and all other applicable standards, criteria, rules, and statutes governing dwelling placement. B. REVIEW CRITERIA - In addition to those enumerated in 54.050, all applications for lot of record dwellings will be reviewed against the following criteria The County may allow the establiskiient of a single-family dwelling on a lot or parcel in an Exclusive Farm Use zone if the County finds that: 1. The lot or parcel upon which the dwelling will be placed was legally created before January 1, 1985; and The lot or parcel was acquired by the present owner prior to January 1, 1985, or was acquired by the present owner by devise or by intestate succession from a person who acquired the lot or parcel prior to January 1, 1985. For the purposes of Lot of Record Dwellings, "ownerw includes the wife, husband, son, daughter, mother, father, brother, brother-in-law, sister, sister-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, mother-in-law, father-in-law, aunt, uncle, niece, nephew, stepparent, stepchild, grandparent or grandchild of the owner or a business entity owned by any one or combination of these family members; and 3. The tract on which the proposed dwelling will be sited does not already contain a dwelling; and 4. The lot or parcel on which the dwelling will be sited is not high-value farm land.

C. LOT OF RECORD DWELLINGS ON HIGH-VALUE FARMLAND - The County may allow the establishment of a single-family dwelling not in conjunction with farm use on high-value- farmland if, in addition to meeting the requirements of LDC 54.08O(A) and 54.080 (B), the County finds that: 1. The lot or parcel is high-value farmland; and 2. A hearings officer of the Oregon Department of Agriculture, under the provisions of ORS 183.413 to 183.497 determines that: a. The lot or parcel cannot practicably be managed for farm use, by itself or in conjunction with other land, due to extraordinarv circumstances inherent in the land or its physical setting that do not apply generally to other land in the vicinity; and b. The dwelling will comply with the provisions of ORS 215.296 (1); and c. The dwelling will not materially alter the stability of the overall land use pattern in the area.

D. APPROVAL CONDITIONS - Before final Planning Department approval can be granted, the following conditions.must be met: 1. The applicant shall notify the County Assessor that the lot or parcel is no longer being used as farmland. The applicant must request that the County Assessor disqualify the lot or parcel for special assessment under ORS 308 -370, ORS 308.765, 321.352, 321.730 or 321.815, and provide evidence to the Planning Department that the entire parcel has been disqualified true cash value under ORS 308.765, 321.352, 321.730 or 321.815. Evide~ceshall consist of written notice from the County Assessor of: 1) the disqualification for valuation at true cash value for farm use and 2) payment of any additional taxes and penalties due under ORS 215.236 (6)(c) . 2. The applicant shall record a written statement with the deed which recognizes the rights of adjacent and nearby land owners to conduct farm and forest operations consistent with accepted farm practices and the Oregon Forest Practices Act (see ORS 30.930 and ORS 93.040): and provide evidence to the Planning Department of such action. the lot or pa.rcel on which the proposed dwelling will sited is part of a tract, the remaining 1.ots or parcels the tract are consolidated into a single lot or parcel; 4. If the lot or parcel on which the dwelling will be sited lies within an area designated in the acknowledged comprehensive plan as habitat of big game, the siting of the dwelling is made consistent with limitations on density upon which the acknowledged comprehensive plan and land use regulations intended to protect the habitat are based.

Land divisions shall be processed and reviewed consistent with Article 45. Use must be established along with parcel creation. In addition to review criteria contained in Section 45.040 the

I following criteria shall apply: A. Agricultural divisions i 1. Parcel size: a. EFU-C Parcels are at least 80 acres in size. b. EFU-CG Parcels are at least 80 acres in size. c. EFU-G Parcels are at least 160 acres in size. 2. The parcels are of sufficient size and configuration such that- they are efficient for agricultural use employing accepted farming practices;

3. The land division will not materially alter the stability 06 the overall land use pattern in the area. r - B. Non-agricultural divisions Creation of parcels less than the minimum size shall be non- agricultural divisions.

1. A land division for any use enumerated in sections 54.030 may be approved provided that the proposed parcel is not larger than the minimum size necessary to accomodate the proposed use, and the parcels are designed to utilize land generally unsuitable for the production of crops or livestock. 2. A land division for a dwelling not in conjunction with fann use may be approved only if the dwelling has been approved under Section 54.070. 3. Creation of a new parcel for a non-farm dwelling will be approved only if the creation of the parcel will not lead to the creation of other non-farm parcels, to the detriment of the agriculture in the area.

54.100- DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS A. Minimum Parcel Size 1. Exclusive Farm Use-Cropland (Em-C)- 80 acres. 2. Exclusive Farm Use-CroplandjGrazing (Em-CG) - 80 acres. 3. Exclusive Farm Use-Grazing (,EFU-G)- 160 acres. B. Building Heights and Setbacks - See Article 62 C. Fences, Walls and Screening - See Article 64 D. Landscaping - See Article 65 E. Signs - See Article 66 F. Parking - See Article 68 G. Access - See Article 71 ARTICLE 55.2 FORESTRY/RANGE (FR)

55.210 - PURPOSE The purpose of this zone is to promote management and conservation of lands of mixed farm and forest use. This productive potential of this land is considered to be greater than that of Non-Resource (NR) zoned lands, but less than that of Farm (EFU) or Forestry (F) zoned lands. The zone shall be applied to those lands located in southern Klamath County which primarily consist of a juniper-sagebrush- bitterbrush vegetation cover, have no forest productivity rating or are predominantly rated as Class VII forest lands, may be significant wildlife habitat, and are areas of mixed BLM and private ownership.

The Forestry/~angezone includes lands of mixed farm and forestry use. Criteria, standards and procedures for development and land partitioning in the ~orestry/Rangezone shall depend on whether the tract was predominantly used for farming on January 1, 1993. If the predominant land use was farming, the criteria, standards, and procedures in Article 54 shall apply to all development and land partition activities. If the predominant land use was for any activity not associated with fanning, the criteria, standards, and procedures in Article 55 shall apply-to all development and land partition activities.

A. The County shall make a finding as to whether the predominant land use of the tract on January 1, 1993 was for farming. Farm use shall be established if and only if the tract was under Farm Deferral tax status on January 1, 1993, or else at the time determination is made the tract has the potential for Farm Deferral status on January 1, 1998. The County shall then assign the tract to Article 54 or Art .icle 55, depending on the finding. The criteria, standards, and procedures in Article 54 or Article 55, as assigned, shall then apply for all present and future developmeat and land partitioning activity on the tract in question.

Revised 3-17-95 Land divisions shall be processed and reviewed consistent with Article 45. In addition to review criteria contained in Section 45.050, the following criteria shall apply: A. MINIMUM LOT SIZE - Ths minimum lot size is 80 acres. B. Notice for all land partition applications in Forest/Range zones shall be provided to the Department of Land Conservation and Development off ice in Salem. This notice shall be mailed at least ten days prior to the hearing or decision to allow the partition.

A. Minimum Parcel Size --see 55.250 B. Building Heights and Setbacks - See Article 62 C. Fences, Walls and Screening - See Article 64 D. ~andsca~in~- See Article 65 E. Signs - See Article 66 F. Parking - See Article 68 G. Access - See Article 71

Revised 3-17-95 ARTICLE 56 NON-RESOURCE (NR)

56.010 - PURPOSE The purpose of this zone designation is to implement the non- resource land use designation of the Comprehensive Plan. These are lands that have been found to have a low Forest Site Class value, are predominantly SCS Soil Capability Class VII and VIII, are not identified as important fish and wildlife habitat, are not necessary for watershed protection or recreational use, are not irrigated or irrigable, or are not necessary to permit farm or forest practices to be undertaken or_ adjacent or nearby laads.

The following uses shall be permitted subject to site plan review of Article 41, and all other applicable standards, criteria, rules, and statutes governing such uses: A. Single-family dwelling B. Manufactured Dwelling C. Animal raising, large animals D. Animal raising, small animals E. All permitted uses in Exclusive Farm Use, Forestry, and Forestry/Range zones F. One additional dwelling for family members if the lot or parcel size is equal to or greater than 20 acres.

NDITIONAL USRS The following uses may be permitted subject to standards listed in this article and if the provisions 3f Article 44 are satisfied: A. Animal raising, specialty B. Kennels C. Cemeteries D. All conditional uses in the Exclusive Farm Use, Forestry, and Forestry/range zones 56.040 - PROPSRTY DEVELOPHENT STANDARDS

A. Utnimum Lot Size - 29 acr?s.

3. Lot Size 2nd Shape - Sel .l.rtic?? 31

C. 3uildlnq 3eights and Setbacks - ~PPA.rtlc1~ 57

3. ?ences, Xalls and Screening - S~P$r:icl+ 54

3. Landscaping - See Article 55

,..7 Si?ns - See Article 66 G. Farking - See Article 68

9. Access - See Articlz 71 ARTICLE 52.6 RECREATIONAL COMMERCIAL (CR)

52.610 - PURPOSE The purpose of this zone is to establish and maintain places for recreational facilities and accessory services available to a large area or region.

The following uses shall be permitted subject to site plan review of Article 41, and all other applicable standards, criteria, rules, and statutes governing such uses: Administrative Service Community Park Golf Course Essential Services Medical Semices Auto Service Station Commercial Campground Food and Beverage Sales Food and Beverage Service Commercial Stables Hotel/Motel Resort Retail Sales Emergency Services Accessory Buildings and Uses

The following uses may be permitted subject to standards listed in this article and if the provisions of Article 44 are satisfied: A. Bed and Breakfast B. Community Assembly C. Cultural Services D. Extensive Impact Services and Utilities 6. Churches F. Custom Manufacturing G. Worker Residential 52.640 - PROPERTY DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS A. Minimum Lot Size - 1 acre B. Lot Size and Shape - See Article 61 C. Building Heights and Setbacks - See Article 62 D. Fences, Walls and Screening - See Article 64 E. Landscaping - See Article 65 F. Signs - See Article 66 G. Parking - See Article 68 H. Access - See Article 71 ARTICLE 52.8 TRANSPORTATION COMMERCIAL (CT)

The purpose of this zone is to establish and maintain places for sales and services primarily related to transportation and utility industries. The Transportation Commercial zone is appropriate for commercial uses associated with highway, rail or air transportation.

The following uses shall be permitted subject to site plan review of Article 41, and all other appliczble standards, criteria, rules, and statutes governing such uses: Administrative Services Essential Services Medical Services Parking Senices Auto Sales/Rentals/Services Auto Repairs Auto Service Station Fleet Storage Food and Beverage Sales Food and Beverage Service Heavy Equipment Repairs Heavy Equipment Sales/Rentals/Service ~otel/Motel Manufactured Dwelling Sales Repair Services Truck Stop Warehousing, Storge and Distribution - light Emergency Services Accessory Buildings and Uses RV Campgrounds Mini Storage Facility

The f oliowing uses may be permitted subject to standards listed in this article and if the provisions of Article 44 are satisfied: A. Extensive Impact Services and Utilities B. Farm Equipment Sales/Rentals/Service C. Indoor Sports and Recreation D. Warehousing, Storage and Distribution - heavy E. Auto Wrecking Yard F. Worker Residential

Revised 3-17-95 52.840 - PROPKR'IT DBVELOPMENT STAND- A. Minimum Lot Size - 5,000 square feet B. Lot Size and Shape - See Article 61 C. Building Heights and Setbacks - See Article 62 D. Fences, Walls and Screening - See Article 64 E. Landscaping - See Article 65 F. Signs - See Article 66 G. Parking - See Article 68 H. Access - See Article 71

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CALIFORNIA saKirou co. Klamath County Sign Ordinance

ARTICLE 66 SIGNS

The purpose of sign regulations is to support the use of signing which is maintained in a safe and attractive condition, and to preserve and enhance the County's visual environment.

A. Directional, warning, or information signs required or authorized by law which are installed and maintained by federal, state, county or mucicipal officials or by utility or railroad companies; B. Official notices issued by a court or public body and posted in the ~erfoxmanceof a public duty; C. House identification numbers;

D. Personal property signs such as "no trespassing", "no huntingw, "no parkingn; and E. Signs that can not be viewed from a public streets, road or access, signs that can not be viewed from adjacent properties such as signs inside shopping malls, commercial buildings and structures and stadiums. \

A. On-premise signs may be permitted according to standards identified in this section unless otherwise specified in Section 66.040. All requirements are measured in feet. BASIC SIGN REQUXREMENTS (Special Requirements may apply, See Section 66.040) MAXIm SIGN ARgA (square feet) SIGN IDENTIFICATION SALES ZONE gEIGKT SIGNS. SIGNS

RCR 10 6 6

8. Sign area may be allowed in excess of 300 feet in the CG, CT, IL, and IH zones by me I Administrative Review in accordinance with the following building size requirements (all measurements are in square feet). C. As used in this section, the following definitions shall apply: I. Identification signs shall mean signs used to indicate the name, address, operation or direction to a business conducted on the property.

2. Sale signs shall mean signs used to advertise property for sale, lease or rent.

3. Premises: (a) The premises on which any activity is conducted is determined by the physical facts rather than property lines. It is the land occupied by the buildings or other physical uses that are necessary or customarily incident to the activity, includins euch open spaces as are arranged and designed to be used in connection with such buildings or uses ; (bl Except for farms and ranches, the following will not be considered to be part of the premises on which the activity ie conducted and any signs located on such land will be considered outdoor advertising signs: (A) Any land which is not used as an integral part of the principal activity. This would include, but is not limited to: (i)Land which is separated from the accivity by a public road; (ii) Land which is separated by an obstruction and is not used by the activity; and (iii) Land that is undeveloped highway frontage adjacent to the land actually used by the advertised activity, even though it might be under the same ownership. (8) Any land which is used for, or devoted to, a separate purpose unrelated to the advertised activity would not be part of the premises on which the activity is located even though under the same ownership ; (C) Any land which is separated from the principal activity, and is developed or used only at the sign site by structures or uses which are only incidental to the principal zctivity, and vhich serves no reaeonable or integrated purpose related to the activity other than to attempt to qualify the land for signing purposes; (Dl Where the sign site is located at or near the end of a narrow strip contiguous to the adveztised activity, the sign site shall not be considered part of the premises on which the activity advertised is being conducted. A narrow strip shall include any configuration of land which is such that it cannot be put to any reasonable use related to the activity other than for signing purpoees except the major entrance or exit rcadway to or from the gremiees which semes only the advertised activity, D. No sign shall be placed and maintained in public street right- of-way or utility right-of-way or easement.

Revised 6-5-93 E. Sign Area -- Sign area is to be calculated as the number of square feet of the smallest rectangle within which the sign can be enclosed as follows: 1. Where a sign has two faces containing sign copy which are oriented back-to-back, the area of the sign is to be measured using the larger of the two faces, if different;

2. Where a sign is composed of letters mounted or painted on a building wall or other architectural feature, the sign area is to be calculated as the smallest rectangle within which all characters and images can be enclosed; or

3 . where a sign consists of one or more three-dimensfonal objects, the sign area shall be calculated as largest area of a side of a cube enclosing the entire object. P. Sign Maintenance - All signs and advertising objects shall be maintained in a neat, legible, and orderly condition. All signs pertaining to a discontinued use or activity shall be removed no later than 6 months following discontinuance of the use. G. Illumination - Illuminated signs shall be lighted by continuous, stationary, shielded light sources directed solely at the sign or internal to the sign. Signs shall be illuminated so as to prevent direct illumination or glare onto any public street or road, or onto'adjacent property. Signs consisting of any flashing component shall be prohibited where they are visible from any street or highway. B. Computerized electronic message boards shall be permitted in conjunction with a coramercial use only after approval signature is received from the jurisdiction controlling adjacent rights-

Temporary Signs 1. Campaign signs shall meet all sign standards of this code and shall be removed no later than 10 day8 following the appropriate election date. 2. Gonatb~ction/Development sign8 denoting an architect, contractor, developer or owner may be placed on the site of a building or structure under coaatruction or develcgmen~. No such sign shall be greater than 36 Bquare feet in slze and shall be removed upon canrgletion of

construction or development. *

Revised 3-17-95 B. Outdoor Advertising Signs Not withstanding provisions of ORS Chapter 377, no outdoor advertising sign greater than 300 square feet as defined in this code shall be placed or installed on any lot or parcel that is not zoned for commercial or industrial purposes and is not within a defined UGB or RSC boundary. Total sign area per parcel where the Outdoor Advertising Sign is to be located mdst not exceed the total sign area lloued under 66.030. OutcIoor advertising signs existing as of November 15, 1990, may continue subject to regulation by the Oregon State Highway Division. C. A-Frame signs may be permitted in any commercial or industrial zone based on the following standards: I. The sign is not located within a public right-of-way;

2. The sign area does not exceed 10 square feet; 3. The.sign advertises goods, products or services which are mnufactured, distributed or sold on the premises on which the sign is located.

A. Any sign existing on or before November 15, 1990 which docs not

comply with all requirements of this article may- be continued as a nonconforming -use.

8. Alteration of .any nonconforming sign, except to bring the sign into full conformance with thia ccde, shall require a conditional use pennit.

Signs not addressed or othervise regulated by this article may be penaitted in any zone by Conditional Use Permit. All standards in this article ahall apply.

Revised 3-17-95 APPENDIX H: SAMPLES OF EXISTING MARKETING

Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Management Plan Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway !

Ore-Cal RC&D is lielping to coordinate groups and efforts across statelines to desig- nate a route between Lassen Volcanic Na- tional Park and Crater Lake. At this point, the Oregon group is much.fur- ther along towards this goal. Development of a corridor management plan has given Oregon the edge in designation as a state scenic byway. The California group will be seeking option 9 monies to help pay for planning & dc\velopnient of thc corridor nianagement plan between tlic Califor- nialoregon boundary & Lasscn Nat'l.Park. Although California has an ovcrall longer distance to cover, road wise, it has already received scenic byway designation over much of tlie route. Lassen Volcanic Na- tional Park has a loop scenic byway whicli encompasses the park & thc recently desig- nated "hlodoc Volcanic Scenic Byway" crosses over tlie beautiful Medicine Lake Higlilands, leaving only short breaks be- tween the two along Higliway 89. Ore-Cal RCgiD will be lielping interested groups to coordinate tlie necessary organi- zational and admifiistrational needs includ- ing public meetings, mailings, contact with agencies and otlier tcclinical assistance. Interested in more information or helping with tlie effort? Please contact tllc Ore-Cal RC&D oflice. This could potentially lead to designatiorl of this route as an All Anierican Roadway which will include international advertizing and world wide coverage. Ylrive the Flywayggfrom Crater Lake to Lassen

By Christina Lilienthal, Pat McMillan and Julie Porter

This is the first in a series of articles that will discuss the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Proposal under considera- tion to link Crater Lake National Park with Lassen Volcanic National Park through Klamath. Siskiyou and Shasta Counties. The first article will be an overview, fol- lowed by articles that explore the themes for tourism promotion and educational interpretation in the interest of a natural environment balanced with rural economic development opportunities through part- nerships and strategic marketing. Theme articles will include topics of vulcanism and geology, wetlands and wildlife, heritage resources and agri- tourism. What is a scenic byway? A scenic byway is part of a state or na tion-wide network of travelway s suitable for passenger or RV use that contains sig- nifican t national or statewide examples of natural, scenic, historic, cultural, recre- ational and/or archeological resources. These provide pleasurable attractions for in-sta te and out-of-state travelers. A scenic byway includes the most scenic A~ <,~<- ,----*. -"-. " Road status and marketed on The Benefits? an international scale. The Intermodel Surface Transportation Efficiency Act authorizes scenic byways pro- grams and funds can be made available for deserving road improvements and enhance- ments for the benefit of visi- tors and local communities. SULATE WINDOWS What is being proposed in the Specializing in any size Klamath Basin? window at no extra A proposal has evolved Lifetime Warranty frame, glass and service .Argon gas standard .Glass options-Low E

.Free Estimates The leader in Vinyl Windows PAGE 12 - Basin Business Julv - . . ~ini rive provides travelers state wildlife refuges befdre . ' Applegate Trail, ~remont's with awe-inspiring views of reaching the California border. What makes this route spe- .Trail, Captain Jack's Strong- through eliminating- duplica- Crater Lake and the effects of In California, State' High- cial? . hold and the Modoc Indian tion of effort. nature's cataclysmic force way 161 (State Line Road) car- Diverse landscapes through- War site, as well as the Fort Small towns and tourism from scenic viewpoints, pic- ries the visitor east along the out the Klamath Basin reflect Klamath Military Post and /recreation - related business- nicking spots and hiking trails. Oregon-California border to a window in time of vulcanism others, provide options for self- es benefit by 'Serving a grow- The Scenic Byway joins Hill-.-- -Road and the waterfowl- and geologic activity resulting discovery and learning about ing, vital visitor industry. State Highway 62 at the Park's filled local . people south entrancc to descend to Lower Klama th and heritage. Where is the route located? the peaceful pasture land National The agrarian Beginning at the dramatic grazed by cattle that surrounds Wildlife Refuge landscape, fas- scenery and natural history of Fort Klamath. before extend- cinating to Crater Lake, the Volcanic Following Westside Road ing into the u r ba n Legacy Scenic Byway runs through the Winema National Lava Beds dwellers, can south through the heart of the Forest, there are delightful National Monu- be used as an math Basin before crossing views of the Upper Klamath ment. economic I- ,California border and con- National Wildlife Refuge and The Monu- development ment offers rare to61 in remote, experiences of rural areas to high desert for- expand the mations and depth of under- unique histori- standing and cal significance appreciation of the Modoc for historic and Indian War present-day along with a farmine and labyr'lnth of subterranean pas- in geography interspersed with ranching practices tozitizens sages formed from red hot vast lakes and wetlands. and international travelers. lava in bygone days. Premier migratory and The byway offers the South to the Medicine Lake indigenous species of wildlife promise of peace and freedom Highlands, following the route and waterfowl abound along a not easily found in the rush of of the Modoc Volcanic Scenic nationally significant flyway. urban living. A chance to Byway, the cohection links to Opportunities for tourism breathe in the fragrance of the the town of Bartle, California, marketing and educational sage and fresh mountain before continuing along High- interpretation are outstanding air ...or see a lone falcon drift ways 89 and 44 and the Lassen for local residents and visitors high on the wind along a cliff Scenic Bvwav to the swctacu- through existing and ~lanned ridge."-- Upper Klamath Lake which lar ~as&volcanic ~ational visito; facilities.- $".: "' - + , ---. ., ' ,*?PA z,tlP\i:l- . tinuing through the magnifi- . .. . Historic sites such as the &cic.SCEN,!Cgg;:ir< '-,.s' ' ' Park. cent Lava Beds National Mon- are home'to bald eagles, white' ...wd*&+~ .*.A &rd*l%:5r-5f2<+9v & ument. Next you pass through pelicans and sandhill cranes. 2 the historic lands of the Modoc These majestic fowl are fre- Indian War, and the mountains quently visible to the observant and rugged terrain of national visitor. At State Highway 140 ; forests and -endup at Lassen the byway-headssoutheast- egt-it's -pYlce ai ------;Volcanic National Park. along Upper Klamath Lake to a. Linking existing and pro- the intersection with State posed seehie mules, this scenic Highway 97 just south of Kla- ; byway. combines the grandeur math Falls. :, of volcanid formations, the After passing through some f tranquil 5$@I of the wildlife industrial and residential refuges and the fascination of pieces along State Highway 97, > cultural and natural history. the byway again opens to the .nL- -9 -:I,. t-I"..b,... 1 nlvn rmnn:nr.r hmc-;n nC CnAnrm7 onrl Oregon Scenic Byways Advim Wingwatchers, . very small demonstration plot ry Committee nominating the Oregon Eagle Foundation, of 40 trees of the same clone It offers the chance to get volcanic Legacy Scenic Klamath County Visitor and Three big questions remain for has been established at the away with friends or family Byway as a -state scenic Convention Bureau, growers 'in-Klamath County : OSU Klamath County Exten- and create memories to be byway, the first step in several Klamath County Museum, sion Office.. long remembered. Tour in old- toward achieving All-Ameri- Running Y Resort, 1. Which clones will grow best The question of who will time cars. Photograph the can Road status. Klamath County Economic here? buy the harvested fiber does eagle, our national emblem. Reviewing agencies at the Development, 2. Will they grow fast enough not appear to be a significant See antelope peel up a sage- state level include the Oregon Ore-Cal RC&D, to economically feasible? hurdle. Several local timber covered ridge as your glasses Tourism Commission, the Ore- City of Klamath Falls, 3. Who will buy the fiber once companies have expressed an scan the horizon, or sit in the gon Transportation Commis- Siskiyou Economic Develop- the trees are harvested? interest in experimenting with glow of a campfire listening to sion and the Oregon Scenic ment Council, hybrid poplar in the products the owls hoot or imagining Byways Advisory Committee. Siskyou Visitor and Convention Answers to question 1 will : they manufacture. The,wood cowpokes strumming the notes A local steering group com- Bureau, be known shortly. Whiskey products industry. has used Collier State Park, Creek Timber Co., Klamath cottonwood, aspen, and poplar Chiloquin Commqnity Action Experiment Station, 'OSU Kla- for years, however the specific Team, math County Extension and a properties of hybrid poplar Shasta Wonderland Ass., fourth silent partner estab- wood and how it will perform national parks, lished a research plot at the in a solid product versus paper national monuments, Klamath Experiment station remain somewhat of an national forests, in mid-June of 1996. unknown. state transportation The plot contains 8 different If you would like more departments, clones. Within 1 to 2 years, we information, or would like to county level public works, should know which of the 8 visit one of the test plots in State and National Wildlife clones performs best here. The Klamath Falls, contact Scott Refuges in the Klamath Basin. research will also give a rough Leavengood at the OSU Kla- idea of growth and yield of the math County Extension Office If you wish to send a letter of trees for this area.. Another at 541-883-7131. support, these may be sent to: Oregon Scenic Byway Committee C/O Pat Moran Oregon Department of Transportation TDB, Planning Section of long ago. prised of people from Modoc, 555 - 1 3th Street NE You could bask in the sun at Siskiyou, Shasta, and Klamath. Salem, OR 97310 the top of a crater peering Counties are coordinating deep into the ,aquamarine blue efforts in both California, and If you want to speak with. of its lake or descend to expe- Oregon to' support both state someone about the program or r :e it's magnificence by, and federal scenic byway des- learn more specifics about the proposal, please contact: ti. doat. ignation for this route. Pat McMillan, Director - ..: , . .! ...... Klamath County Department of What arc local people doing? Individuals associated. with Tourism The. Klamath County various groups and,organiza- 451 Main Street Klamath Falls, OR 97601 Tourism Department has sub- tions are involved. Some of (541 ) 884-0666 mitted a pre-application to the these include: Links,inthe "Ring of Fire" by C. R. Bacon, hrl. A. Clynne, and J. A proposal to designate a Donnelly-Nolan, and Christina Lilienthal Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway originated through the grassroots efforts of Oregon This is the second in a andCaliforniacitizens. series of articles related to the Volcanic Legacy Scenic The Moon is at our Backdoor Byway Proposal under consid- eration to link Crater Lake Driving through the Medi- National Park with Lassen cine Lake Highlands recently, Volcanic National Park striking lunar-like images through r:Weyer- closing. It. will be seamless," byway includes the most that history will identify as a ucts Co. CEO John J. haeuser Co. spokesman. John Stephens said today. scenic roads that are a combi- result of this mission. But I Ctnnhnnc U.S. Timberlands. which is Collins Pine CO., which was "'uy..u..Y. nation of local, state andlor would say that it will enlighten The sale, which is valued at based in Bandon .and New federa! agency roadways and the human race and help us all $309 million, includes three York, will not operate the a mlnlmum of 30 miles in to comprehend that we are an -" August - Basin Business PAGE 11

d' % - . .#., .,.';;,>*5 ,,<*,!j . - $''il themes'as a.vehicle to ;hare ' in' the ,United ~$tesoutside of ' '' he Cascade arc'is a land- : There are.four major vol- .'r, knowledge:and.provide ser- ' Alaska.! *'ArcG-'-volcanism scape of-.'renewal.,. To, the canic centers of the High Cas- - s ' vices to~visitors~alsoopens processes add new crust to the human eye and human lifespan cades These' include the ger universe than we can nor- doors for.greater .,. , . c ?, . . . .,. the landscape looks Lassen volcanic system, Medi- mally see from the$front cooperation- and unchanging, but in geolog- cine Lake volcano, Crater Lake porch. . , efficiencies. ic time scale it is extreme- (Mount Mazama ) and Mount I would hope that it will ' ly active. Shasta as explained in the help individuals, the world A Landscape of The volcanoes change as fieldguide South Cascades Arc over, to think in a proper per- Renewal new ones appear and older Volcanism, California and spective about the endeavors ones erode. Glaciers form Southern Oregon, by Muffler, of mankind as a whole. Per- The extensive on the higher volcanoes Bacon, Christiansen, Clynne, haps going to the moon and array of volcanic and actively sculpt them. Donnelly-Nolan, Miller, Sher- back in itself isn't all that features through- The Lassen area is the rod and Smith (1989). important. But it is a big out- the Klamath result of the interaction of A recent radiometric analysis enon--\ step to give people a and Medi- volcanic and glacial performed last year of Lassen nev, mension in their think- cine Lake area pro- forces. Peak places its age at 28,300 ing-a sort of enlightenment." vides a large scien- The Lassen volcanic cen- years old (plus or minus 2.7 Proposing a scenic tific laboratory for ter hosts the largest geot- thousand), as opposed to the involving two states, two people from hermal system in the Cas- presently reported age of about f national parks, a national around the world to cade Range, and is the 11,000. (Clynne, 1996) Lassen monument, four national learn about the surface expression of the Peak is one of the largest dacite lorests and concepts of tectonic expansion, continents and add water, car- heat transfer from the mantle domes in the world. refuges is reaching arc volcanism, big explosive bon dioxide, sulfur compounds, when magma is brought into ^c'+g'4r11> --s*V4,"**Frbt*r - the bound- eruptions and calderas and, and other gases to the atmos- the crust below in volcanic ;SC%VIO,X~;CANOES~~."~~:~ aries state lines and juris- finally; glacial features and phere. arcs. WU~L~r dictions. changing climate. Acknowledging the interde- The volcanism of the cas- ' pendency of communities and cade range is the only expres- using marketing or education- sion of arc related volcanism Dma for BusinessDigital Music Express PRRNTRNG . . . (I 'The Best Business printer ~n he Business.". I .I bur Favorite Music 24 Hours A Day

Business Fonns Business Stationery , Newsletters - - A Symphonic A Christian Business Cards Menus Reports and Manuals , A A Chamber Music Inspirational High-Volume Copying Much More AGospel - .. 'b . . ADanceC 830 Main St. (54 I)883-3.185 - A Reggae - - A Classic Jazz A '60's Oldies ABig Band / Swing ALove Songs A Classic Rock A Great Singers ,. PAGE 12 - Basin Business -.&,gust - , . ';"of the volcano provided ,by'the , . Local,examples are the basin :, north-squth north of ,epiceihal occurre.d as violent pyroclastic 11 > '. , y'.'caldera'walls.; ,, :':' I;%*4. , ' , . . , which contalns pper Klamath .area). L. ;. % , ., a , flows moved at hlgh speed - j: .The features left by the cli- Lake, which i1 a "grabenn ' crater '~akecaldera formed down all flanks of Mazama, geologically fascinating place. mactic eruption let us under- (down-dropped block between during the rapid eruption of partially filling all of the sur- It is so large, however, (about stand the pre-historic event faults with ver ical displace- around 50 cubic kilometers of rounding valleys with their 30 by 50 miles) that most pee very well. This work has con- ment) bounde!i by steeply magma (molten rock) about deposits and traveling as much ple driving across it do not tributed to a bf-oader under- inclined faults. 7700 years ago. The volcano as 70 km from the caldera. realize that it is a shield vol- standing of large explosive vol- These faults Should be con- responsible was Mount Maza- Everything for miles can0 created by the eruption of canic eruptions, and the events sidered active because they ma, once 12,000 feet high and around was devastated. Crater many lava flows over hun- that lead up to them, that can cut young glacial moraines at active off and on for a period Lake is one of the finest exam- dreds of thousands of years. be applied to other places the mouths of canyons on the of about 400,000 years. The ples of a young caldera in the The most recent eruption around the world. west side of the valley and cut . "climactic eruptionn probably world and is one of the most took place about 900 years ago. The geology of the Crater lava flows as young as 35,000 lasted for at most a few days. accessible. Glass Mountain, the youngest Lake area (extending as far years in age in Crater Lake It started with a towering Fault-bounded basins such '-*la at Medicine Lake volcano south as Medicine eruption col- as the Klamath Basin have, ( ;t barren expanse of pumice Lake and, arguably, umn that contained lakes far larger than and obsidian which American to Lassen) is strong- rained at present. Major glaciation Indians used as a source of ly influenced by tec- pumice and has occurred over the last cou- obsidian for making arrow- tonic (movement of ash along a ple of million years. Some of heads. the Earth) exten- path north- the peaks of the High Cascades Lava Beds National Monu- sion (stretching) of east of the have been sculpted by glacial ment occupies about 10 per- the Earth's crust. mountain, ice (Union Peak and Mount. cent of the Medicine Lake vol- The extension is fine ash land- Thielsen are good examples). cano area including several in an east- west ing as far as Deep glacial vallays have young lava flows, e.g. the sense, so that faults Saskatchewan been cut in the IIigh Cascades 10,000-year-old lavas of Valen- are perpendicular to and even by multiple advances of ice. tine Cave and Devils Home- this motion. That is, being The last glaciation ended stead, and the 3000-year-old faults break and detectable in about 13,000 years ago. Sedi- Black Crater. There have been move in response to ice in Green- ment in the floor of the lake eight eruptions in the last 3000 accumulated strain land. basins contains extensive years in the Medicine Lake (stored stretch) that As the erup- records of climate change, volcano. is affecting what is tion pro- such as preserved in pollen Crater Lake caldera is a known as the Basin gressed, suffi- and fresh water fossil shells. ~eological treasure. The and Range cient magma Research drilling of these [ ites States Geological Sur- Province. National Park. The Septem- had been ejected that the roof lake deposits have provided "ey has been able to unravel The stretching is occurring ber, 1993, "Klamath Fallsn of the magma chamber (reser- scientists with hundreds of the history of Mount Mazama at a slow rate, measured in earthquakes ohcurred along voir in the upper crust) was no thousands of years' worth of in unparalleled detail because millimeters per year. The this fault zone where it bends longer supported and collapsed of the exposure of the insides effects are dramatic, however. to the south-southeast (trends to form the caldera basin. This / ., August - Basin Business PAGE 13

I,. , . . C. . HOW' Did' people' ~espond To the untrained eye, there to the Moon Landing? are mysteries hidden and "The Nielsen rating seen from a single point of matic change. experts figured that 29,410,000 view. But for the people who Science is a unidersal lan- American households had delve below the surface, seek- guage and this was recog- their TV sets on during the ing to know, nized by scientists when lunar landing, and at least the intrigue can last a life- "Geologists saw the mission another ten million house- time. of Apollo 11 'a time to gather holds were staying up to stones together'- one hun- watch at least part of the And tlie Wisdom Neil Arm- dred twenty-seven scientific moon walk. strong Leaves with Us .... laboratories from all over the In Prague, the streets were world had been selected to deserted as crowds jammed "...From our position on receive samples of the 'moon the beer gardens and the the earth it is difficult to rocks' which Armstrong and hotel lobbies to watch televi- observe where the earth is Aldrin were to scoop off the sion. and where its going, or what lunar surface and bring back Hasty calculations in its future course might be. to earth. Japan indicated that as many "Hopefully, by getting a lit- In the mind of ~rnold as seventy million of Japan's tle farther away, both in the Brokaw, chief of the surface one hundred million popula- real sense and the figurative planetary exploration branch tion watched the landing, sense, we'll be able to make of the United States Geologi- stayed up i or the moon walk some people step back and cal Survey's Center of Astro- or did both. ' reconsider their mission in geology, "...photographs tak- the universe, to think of en on the moon would be at What does all this have to do themselves as a group of peo- least as important as the with the Volcanic Legacy ple who constitute the crew of rocks Armstrong and Aldrin Scenic Byway? a spaceship going through the brought back: 'What is universe. important to us is how the The magnitude of our vol- "If you're going to run a rock got where it was, how canic and geologic resources spaceship you've got to be and where it lay, how it extending from Crater Lake pretty cautious about how you relates to other things in the to Lassen is phenomenal. The use your resources, how you same region. "We can deter- knowledge that can be shared use your crew, and how you mine a lot about its mineralo- and yet be discovered is infi- treat your spacecraft." gy just from photographs.'" nite. Moments in history, such Science is universal and If you wish to support the as the moon landing, remind people want to know their Volcanic Legacy Scenic us of our unending need to place in the universe. Oppor- Byway Proposal, please send know and discover the world tunities for education, science a letter to: around us. and tourism are extraordi- "At 9:56 PM, Houston time, nary along the volcanism and ,Oregon Scenic Byway Com- Neil Armstrong stepped out geology theme.. . just waiting mittee of the dish-shaped. landing. to be tapped. C/O Pat Moran, ODOT pad and onto the Surface of Various experts are avail- TDB. Planning Section the moon: 'That's one small able to assist in deciphering 555 - 1 3rd Street NE step for a man, one giant leap the messages burned into the Salem, OR 97310 for mankind.'" earth.

Beauty. .. and the bea by Christina Lllienthal and Ralph Opp tourism and what local citizens A proposal to designate a are doina to make the Volcanic Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway This is the third in a series Legacy Scenic Byway a reali- originated through the grass- of articles related to the Vol- ty. roots efforts of Oregon and canic Legacy Scenic Byway California citizens. Pro~osalunder consideration To recar>: A scenic byway is to link Crater. Lake National part of a state or nation-wide Water, Watcr, Evcrywhcrc Park with Lassen .Volcanic network of travelways suitable We are fortunate to live in National Park through Kla- for passenger or RV use that an area rich in water and wet- math, Siskiyou and Shasta contains significant national or land resources. Headwaters to Counties. statewide examples of natural, life-sustaining lakes, rivers The first article 'Drive the scenic, historic, cultural, and streams, the Klamath Fl ~y from Crater Lake to recreational and/or archeologi- Basin provides a physical and Lauden" was an overview of cal resources. economic commonality to our the proposal. The second arti- These provide pleasurable people. cle "Links in the Ring of Fire" attractions for in-state and out- Embraced by the volcanic discussed the volcanic and geo- of-state travelers. A scenic "ring of fire" the basins, lakes logic origins of the area and byway includes the most and wetlands provide impor- the significant tourism oppor- scenic roads that are a combi- tant ecological links connect- 'unities these resources hold. nation of,local, state and/or ing vital natural areas and Future articles will discuss federal agency roadways and- a . . . - ..-F::-..:.:: . .:.... 116?6K::.. +-2a;iL~dij..~W.~T.~A:ND$"~$:~$...:.,..+< heritage resources, agri- minimum of 30 miles in .. ...~:.:~*E~*~i4:;~~;i;;~$*;~j~:,: ,:s;,,L:; :,><*;:.j::$:>$ >,.,: :;:+ ;:;* ,: -.::.w.:.:. .-.. . .,..~~,..a.ca:?~:+.ri:*u.:,,$~:i.,,.~ '$i 172~3 /is . ; -,- - -. ' L, .., 23';3i9 BULIC RATE ~erald'&News ... &hjia POBOX788,.9..'.:.; s, :?,:::.;.*.- ,i. . :.: '., : , I!, ,::!,$:..:,;, U.S, Postage . ,!;.&,.:::: IUamath Falls,. .. OR'97601 i. .:I. . . , :. . ,;. , . /;h,ath Fa,i l1i ienthal . , . . ,, ,, i: ; ,,,;.'?, .. ..$$,$;,. ..,;:;:;. .,! * .~;, ,.'.j:,; PAID ,;;.i..;;:.;:::*:,; ;;,\, , s :. . ;,, ;.,::!,:.:::>>.,. ; ' , , ,.,, , ,:.,;,,.,., . ',., ,:,..,.?;.<'.. :.."'<,',\. ,,,,:= , . .:$';:.;< !< ?,:, ~;$$i:.,,: p,.. . : -2. , . . . ,..., .,,: ,.. :!.$:..I, ...., .!. ..:>., ida.- . ilr, Klarn2th Fnllc ;. ;. ,, ,,.,?: ..:;,::; .:r , .,i, , .; ,.,:..::.:,. .;,+?+;~.67:. ..- . . I. ' , ' Basin Business - PAGE 7 .. . . . ;<:., .,; . :@,': ,., .il?&h; ,?S., . , s;, . :;..., '. . S'alternatives; toYdevelopmc nt watchiig'.'wildlife and agricultural irrigation purpos- the 'Klamath Lake Reserva- I 1 ' and 'to decline'of traditional huntirig or fishing provide rea- es in 1882, and by 1883 about tion' as the first waterfowl ..,,., '-: ' ,, .:+,;.i;.:- :4*<.:. ..i''...... ; >,," b,...$.::: :::::;, ':' ' .'-~ractices;?Actions . should sons for people to come to the 13,000 acres of farmland were refuge nationwide (Executive neighboring' hhan'communi- '-Eeflect the vision of its ongoi~~garea and visit. being irrigated by means of Order Number 924). In 1958, ties. Respect of :viable wet- citizen-based processes such A marketing strategy is to works constructed by private the stalc of Oregon established lands results in sustainable as identified in the Klamalh ' encourage visitors to stay interests. the "I

PAGE.14 .- Basin ~usiness' Se~teniber -' "'w-"h~pE'Wr'YZ~~ rom pg ?*:A>:, States,. the Pacific Flyway is eagles. Nesting areas are close FE~OGEWt~a&&~~m, the largest. .Eighty percent of to a reliable food source, pri- ' the migrating wildlife use the marily fish. Upper Iclambth Fish and W!ldlife acquked the Klamath Basin during spring Lake is a terrific food source Klamath Wlldllfe Area In 1949 and fall. This occurs because for'eagles and many other fish- to establish waterfowl habitat of the broad range of habitat eating wildlife species. and provide fecreatlonal types and diversity. February 16-18 is the 17th . *f3egistered Nurses *Home Health Aides . i .... opportunity, particularly hunt- This is where the Great Annual Klamath Basin Bald . . ~~'*Physical/OccupationalTherapy nst the Eagle Conference with a . . *Speech Therapy *Medical Social Worker : .. . *SERVICES ON-CALL 24 Hours Per Day inter- theme of "Threatened and .:; .:; .... ;' , ...... with Endangered Species Are Our , lakes Mine Canaries." This confer- arshes ence coincides wilh the prcs-

. . . . , ...... !

15744 Hwy. 66, P.O. Box 179 Keno, OR 97627 - Chuck Michielsen, Proprietor Cuatom Goif Club Fitting and Aaaembly Goif Ciub Repak~ . Golf Suppiiea .>. Tournament Coordhtl n ' lnrt~ction- Private BL Umup w/ ~ideooption. sagebrush and Being known for having tlic Golf Clubmaker'r Araochtio~ juniper grass- first reclamation project in llw Profeaaiond Clubmaker'r Society and the Kla- lands, agricul- U.S. as well as the first nalion- We Build QUALlW - not copies! tural lands, and a1 wildlife refuge, people in the and Klamath Basin are working lo se and also have its share of Lhe f resi- "largest" projects. ildlife As reported in the July 25 ed or issue of the Herald and News, the Senator Mark Hatfield was

HOLMAN REALTY, INC. 'RANCHES f7 *FARMS 884-1343 . * INCOME PROPERTIES I !&17endcnrllvOwned;indi RECREATIONAL PROPERTIES Expect the best.TM ' 4729 S. 6TH STREET 1 rare or endangered in 45 of the 50 What is Unique about the states. The basin Wildlife along the Proposed hosts the largest Byway? wintering concentration of photo by Roger and Donna A~lkenheatl The Klamalh Basin Il?s the bald eagles in the lower 48 of Tulana Farms lo :1 dtalla highest mmbers of "crlttersn slates. The northern part of marsh at a cost of $12.8 lrlillion . --- - - \ ----Ir., vuildlAlb drea-. -err ----LIU, -1d llbAI .. . Shoalwater Bay and Squaw with 433 species obser-led or issue of the 1-lerald and lucws, Point, which contains an addi- believed present on the Senator Mark Hatfield was

i tional 990 acres. refuges. (USF&W, 1995). quoted as saving. "Conversion -~Yhe Klamath ' . . .. HOMES :':,;:.! Miller Island is a good place to see various habitat types. Basin in south cen- Other places to visit include a tral Oregon and 10-acre Lake Ewauna Wetland northern California Area that will eventually be is home to our expanded and provide inter- national bird, the pretation to visitors. The Fort Bald Eagle. Klamath Fish Hatchery is a The bald eagle has great place to feed and watch been classified as large trout. rare or endangered in 45 of the 50 What is Uniqiic about tllc states. The basin Wildlife along tl~cProposed hosts the largest Uvwav? wintering concentration of photo by Roger and Donna Ailkenhead

- "~h;!Klamath Basin has the bald eades in the lower 48 of Tulana Farms to :i delta highest numbers of "critters" states. The northern part of marsh at a cost of $12.8 million in the West. Of the four migra- the basin supports an estimat- will be one of the largest wct- tory routes across the United ed four dozen nesting pairs of land projects underlalrcn any- where in the United Stalcs." It seems appropriate that wet- land restoration come into its own right here in the Iclamath ( INDUSTRIAL Basin, considering the vast resources that once existed. It was reported that "Marsh restoralion will begin immedi- ately on about 3,600 acres, with KLAMATH another 1,100 acres remaining I I 1 CALL EI in agricultural use for 10 years. Benefits of the restora- I INN tion include "improving water quality in Upper Klamath "Hospitality for Lake, and providing habitat Southern Oregon" for endangered Lost Rivcr and Monday Friday shortnose suckers." I - To showcase the array of 4061 South Sixth Street natural resources and make .j: Phone (503) 882-1200 our area a place where people ' Fax (503) 882-2729 can make a living while expe- I riencing a high $ality of life, West Occupational Care Clinic the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway Proposal can focus on Merle West Medical Center the themes and places of high- 2633 Crosby Avenue at C.O.H. est value 'to visitors and local Klamath Falls, 97603 citizens alike. It can connect OR people with wetland wildlife in # a mutually beneficial and respectful way. To support the concept of a scenic byway, let- ...Good health is good business... ters may be sent to: Oregon Scenic Byway Committee c/o After hours utilize Pot Moron Oregon Deporttnerlt of --rnnw-ne~hnn\r nnnmn Tronsportotion TDB. Plar~ningSection - -7- C. I ---.---..- . I --- .-.. -. . T.... nn n-wtn 66Broketo Workyyhorses are still expensive by Christina Lilienlhal I Pat McMillan To rccap: A scenic byway is part of a state or nation-wide This is the fourth in a network of travelways suit- series of articles related to able for passenger or RV use the Volcanic Legacy Scenic that contains sigr~ijicant Byway Proposal under con- national or statewide exam- sideration to link Crater Lake ples of natural, scenic, his- National Park with Lassen toric, cultural, recreatiorlal Volcanic National Park and/or archeolagical through Klamath, Siskiyou resources. and Shasta Counties. These provide pleasurable The first article "Drive the attractions for in-state and Flyway froin Crater Lake to out-of-state travelers. A Lassen" was an overview of scenic byway includes thc the proposal. The second arti- most scc~iicroads that arc a cle "Links in the Ring of combi~inlion of local, statc Fire" discussed the volcanic and/or lctlcrnl agency road- and geologic origins of the ways and a minimum of 30 area and the significant miles in length. tourism opportunities these A proposal to designate a resources hold. The third Volcanic Legacy Scenic article "Beauty and the Byway originated through the Beasts" highlighted the grassroots efforts of Oregon tremendous wetlands and and California citizens. wildlife resources that are This article focuses on the .+ available for greater interpre- potential interpretive themes - tation- and-visitor apprecia- and toul.ism opportunities tion. along the byway offered This article will focus on through heritage resources citizen actions toward scenic and farm and ranch recre- byway designation of the Vol- ation which is often referred canic Legacy Scenic Byway to as amitourism. According and what individuals or busi- to the Rural Tourism an& nesses can do to participate in this effort. "...... ',"" - -- ~ber- Basin Business PAGE 5 7.' ?"-.. ..Bvr,.....v.~*x~~~.~..ii~~~.~~~~~'~~ ,.-~:val"u. .":.. 1 *.. '. ....,. .'. . ~.*., ,<.. ~ ~~*<< .". :BY,wAy~f~~~~~~~~~)@~,,:~cResources'maybe of local feuds, wars, and legal entan- An abundance 01 connecting conlinent, causing agriculture ...:. 6$::,::.:.ri.;;~~ ;r..i:. Y:..E..- ,:z;4-9%y. $.,&;,- ,mterestior :tie:."intonationally glements. . . lakes and rivers provided the' to thrive. *:,..A y,*ii::75j,>; $$$.:. fi; &;~:~&&ax~~h: ;&,,5~~~~~,~~, book deve]oped,lby:the;u:~0': inte~nati0nally:Significant . :, Thesc ~ascinitin~historical least exerting mode of tr:lns- Wt. of .Commerce?and! the themes;(.TheiVolcanic;.Legacyaccounts can be interpreted portation throughout our histo- What Wcrc the Settlement Pat- U.S. TravelJ.;. ..; :..: .....j.. . 1 south. The Applegate ble plants, a transportation ...... -. . . i..a . . .'. . . 3.: .'. .-c; . !. .. .! ~hy.isthis Area:Rich' in Trail, (150 years old in source and even heat from the P ;is II&itagb ~~~i-i~~?,)~.?~,:. Pre-History. and, Cul- 1996) bringing settlers geothermal waters of springs. : ... , ...; . , ... ..ip :;..ture?',,. .!.. .:it , ... west, is evident through %. : ,, ,::;*, Early agricullurc utilized ~~~it~~e;to~~r,~Sm~~ret~~oy~~, . i!:.' :;:': r ;: t :>. . .; t!, early wagon ruts along the native grasses which grew able educational outings which :,: ..iTrace~of the past much of its length. abundantly on the lake bot- generally revo1ve:around visits ; emerge as farmers plow The cultural conflict toms to feed their catlle. 1Iar- to museums,.:historic:;land<' their:fields,and turn up between the Native nessing water lor cr~ltivated marks,:.interpretive"centers':or:.bones:.:: of ,!'prehistoric Americans and the set- crops began shortly a llcr 1900. may involve interpreted-itours. : from. tlers created some of the A vast engineer in^; network people from'.,out-of-state land the;,:Pleistocene',:Era.;;' Region's mnst historical- of canals, dikes and vnter con- particular]y,;th~~ast"~~~oastRemna.nts'..~ of 'early:" ly significant places trolling devices m ~delhou- have a,:strong; appreciation and man's history .are,etched.'. such as Fort Klamath sands of wetland itcrcs into interest .inmal:lifestyles, in:rocks. and cliffs ,which>:' and the Lava Beds farmable agricultural land.

.' stewardship !and?relationship , , teStify.jt0 the presence of. National Monument, site The systems are still utilized .that rural citizens .have.with,L;.i..h~"an : habitation :; for:. of the MO~OCIndian heavily in today's agricultural . the .land;?interest inithe out~;~~j..,:,thousands.of years; ;; I,.. , ;: ' War. Stage pursuits. Rich timber supplies 'doors,::!l~use~~of~.~~~naturali':~:~:~:Ar~hae~l~gists piece:? routes and Pony in the surrounding area provid- resources; i preservation~of,itb ;; ':;.t?gether!the living tradi-i Express trails all add to ed jobs and caused towns and environment? !:~iv,ersity.$of:-~~ti~n~,~~~ch~onology and']. the romanticism often cities to grow when railroads ecosystems,'7?s:. :!i$. ,: ,a,&.,-13. ::.,a.:. ,,+:?> ...... 7.- . . --,r7.-.-----., -. --- - * ". L..b, A.. , I L;lill ill CLI Oil LO (lie ...... * .-. ., .. ---- .- u, I railroad. . . -' ,' . .. ':i.. railing, cross-country skiing, excellent workbook that "cov- man r'inanuial HIIVISOLI, ./rw.,uu. -.. . .-,..-., - -'In 1906 the California snowmobiling, camping, pic- err most topics a producer ed: 'We live in a world of Northcastern' Railroad.made nicking, farm1r;tnch activities must consider before starling a unlimited potential and cre- TDI,,~~~~~~~~orTrnnsparLlam Planning d preliminary railroad line (cattle drives, haying etc), 'recreation componenl on the alivily, wilh lechnological 555- 13th Street NE survey through the I,ower pack trips, wagon trains, lrail farm or ranch, including prop- advances creating new alcm, ORmlo 1,;tkc arca inlo IUamath Falls. rides, photogr:~phy, wildlife erty management, zoning con- resources all the time. Wcalth From their survey they locat- cd a point 414 miles from San Francisco and approximately 414 miles (railroad miles) from Sea ttlc. They,..called,,this., "Mitlwayn station, Midland, Orcl:on, Elevation 4,125 feet. "'l'housands of cattle and sliccp were brought into Mid- lnntl from eastern Oregon. The ZX nt Paisley shipped (' .usands...other ranchers ! 11 I,altcview, Alturas, IUa- mnlh Marsh and Silver Lake were bringing cattle lor ship- ment lo the fattening yard near nakerslield lo thc slnughle~.houses ol Swift and Co. and Armour in south San I~rancisco. As many as lour tr? livc cat- tle buyers stayed at the holel. I'laccs lo sleep were h;rrd lo come by for llic cowboys, but ll~cywere used lo bed rolIi~ig untler llie stars. Some stayed in lllc livery stable, b~ilaII atc 31 the holcl. "Midla~~tlh:td becornc lhc 1;11:[(ctslnlrtl mosl impel-lanl slllpl)iny, poinl wcsl ol llie : -1.y Maiin1:rins 11~x1lo I orl land diiring lhe period I ,107- I !)21. " l'lris historical snapshot of ll~chlidlantl area would not be Iillown lo the casual visitor i~~ilcsssleps were taken to illuslrale and interpret the ;~~~llionlicevents of lhc bygone (.[.a. This i:; a possibility I I II-OI tl:h cilizcii ellorts jointly \-or1 irig will] local commani- l ~csand counties lo market tIic area through a scenic l)yway tlesignation and pro- vitliug inlerprelive services to visilors. This could mean recon- -1 ....a :..- - ---II-..l-..l.. Octobcr - Basin Business 1'1 GE 11 ingful place, if not in actuality, viewing, barn dances, hay siderations, employing other is therefore unlimited, and we . . thcn lhrough photographs and rides, sleigh rides and hiking. people, building codes, special don't have to fight for slices of rrme lo IClamalh County" 'inlerpretive exhibits. "Tourism on agricullural permils for public land use, the same pie. We're baking ere shipped from Montague, lands is a great opportunity. landowner liability and risk new pies all the time." azelle and Grenada, Siskiy- What is Wortliy of Ilitcrprcta- We want to kcep the lands as management, creating a Susi- Winston Patterson rccount- u County, Califoniia, on the tion? agricultural but get people to ncss plan, final~cil~gaiid mar- ed lo 11s that "in 1914, a dollar ali ror~liaNorth Eastern. come visit and experience the lceting." was worth a dollar in those 'l'llc old trail from the East, There are many significant farms and ranches." (The Thc p~iblicalion litled, years. Good land could be Paisley, Lakeview, Warner points of interest along the Vol- Stayton" Mail & Silverton " z'arm & Ranch Recreation bought for $20 lo $50 per acre. alley and as far as French canic Lcgacy Scenic ~ywky Appeal Tribune, 1996). ICesource Worlcboolc," can be Undevcloped land was $2 to $5 ilenn) came through the that, are worthy of interpreta- The article went on to say obtained at $6.00 cach by con- per acre. A good cow could be 011th end of Sycan Marsh to tion extending from privatc "Currently, nearly 200 farms lacting the Oregon Department bought for $5 to $10. Horscs 'catty, IIildebrand, Dairy land,, through several national and ranches in 01.egon are of Agriculture at (503) 986-4550. were expensive: broke to work nd either through Olene Gap forests.' national parks, and offering rccrcation cxperi- The TDD numbcr is (503) 986 horscs were $25 and up. Thor- 1762. r ? V:~lloy to just east of oughbrcd shccjr were $5 to $10, Il. ..,I across Lost River at Agrilourism could also ordinary slicc-p $2 lo $2.50." tic Stone Bridge, down the include such lhings as conser- Indeed, tiliics will always be rcst slope of Sheepy Ridge to vation tours and forestry tours changing as we create history ,nirtl's Landing, through lhc thal ~lxplainthc full range of wilh cvcry passing moment. I1 'nn 13rimmer Ranch inlo Red fores ry prncticc.~to visitors, is time to scize the momenl Lock Valley to Mt. Hebron whell~erlhey be interested and maltc s~rslainablelourism ounlry, over Ball Mountain local c:itizens, nalional or inter- work lo lhc :)cnefit of our citi- nd on lo Lhe railroad. nalional lravelers. zcnry in a I~i(!li quality and "l~romlhe Big Marsh and Whclhcr an opporlunily lo planned manner. "Uroltc Lo 'ort Iclamath thcy . came cxhibil lhe vast e~iginecring work liorscs" are still expcn- lown the west side of Upper that wen1 into the IClamalh sive, Mr. Patterson. ;InmaLh Lake (along thc pro- Reclamation Projcct or sIi;rre Sollie things may change, loscd J!yway roule), probably thc succcsses of rccent wcllt~nd but our rcsourccs are still with hrough Aspen and Round restoration projects, there arc us... and for that we can bc ake country to ICeno-Worden creative ways to marlccl thankful. rea, llirough Butte Valley include &ch activities : s drives, and bird-watching or tourism opporlu~iitiesfor cco- To support lhe conccpt of a n3 corlnccting in Ball Moun- horse-back-riding, wildlife viewing." nomic or educalional purposes. sccnic byway, lcltcrs may bc hunting, fishing, swimmin :, Tlicy rcfer readers to an As Mark Waldman of Wald- scnt to: nin arc:) on to the Oregon Scctlic Byway Committee ail- -4. rafting, cross-country slciin,:, excellent workbook that "cov- man Finnneial Advisors stat- 1906 the California snowmobiling, camping, pic- ers most topics a producer ed: live in a world of ~'p,~~~~~frmnsportati., Jortheaslern Railroad made nicking, farmlranch activities must consider bcforc starting a unlimited potential and cre- TDB,Planning section (cattle drives, haying etc)., recrealion coinponcnt on thc ativity, with technological 555- 13th Street NE preliminary railroad line advances creating new S"em~oR9nlo urvey lhrough the Lower pack trips,. wagon trains, trail farm oi. ranch, including prop- ,ake area into IUamath Falls. rides, photography, wildlife erty managemenl, zoning con- resources all the time. Wealth 'rom their--- survev- thev locat- tl a point 414 mires frim San 'mncisco and approximately

14 miles (railroad miles) 111 , , rom Seattle. They-called this .- Midway" slation, Midland, - )regon, Elevation 4,125 feet. "'l'housands of cattle and hecp were brought into Mid- and from eastern Orcgon. 'lie ZX at Paisley sliil)l)ed I Iiousnnds ...other ranchers LLhggto the Future The scenic Byway conclusion by Christina Lilienthal cal resources. These provide pleasurable This is the fifth and final attractions for in-state and out- article in a series that discuss- of-state travelers. A scenic es the Yolcanic Legacy Scenic byway includes the most Byway Proposal. The byway scenic roads that are a combi- would link Crater Lake Nation- nation of local, state andlor al Park with Lassen Volcanic federal agency :oadways and National Park through Kla- are a minimum of 30 miles in math, Siskiyou and Shasta length. Counties. A proposal to designate a The first article was an Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway overview "Drive the Flyway originated through the grass- from Crater Lake to Lassen" roots efforts of Oregon and followed by theme articles on California citizens. volcanism and geology "Links in the Ring of Fire," wetlands Stage One and wildlife "Beauty and the Beasts," heritage resources Since origination of the and agritourism "Broke to Crater Lake to Lassen byway Work Horses are Still Expen- concept in the summer of 1995, sive." This article discusses a number of local people have the coordination and process continued to work toward for- necessary to carry out the mal designation. The Oregon vision of the Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway ,Program was Scenic Byway Proposal. developed by the Oregon Department of Transportation. To Recap: -P;"scenic byway is The first step in the process part of a state or nation-wide was to submit a pre-applica- network of travelways suitable tion for consideration to the for passenger or RV use that Oregon Scenic Byways Com- contains significant national or mittee, a group of interagency state-wide examples of natur- al, scenic, historic, cultural, /A .* recreational andlor archeologi- , see.L BYWAY pg. 7 ...... , , , . ,,. ,,,,,, >..;...... :...... ' ...... :. ., . '.. ... , , * , : , . . ::: : : ...... , . ... ,:: . .:,:., : .,.:.:;;-:: .,{.,3<[: .>.,, .".. !:;,..,,,.,,~!~ !;";,L;,,.;<::.,& :,,, .,<.~.~..;..:~..:.i..~;.;'...... ';.': ....::,:I: , .:;,, ...... m '.',.. .; ..,.. .; . ~l,,,~~.,i~..!.:!,~?;~~<:>j:~.,;:;;:,p,-;!; , , . .. " "...

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By coordinating efforts, for State Highway cept by providing is a landscape of renewal. Now local citizenry can assure that 140 is still in the developed recre- is the time to renew our part- the viewshed of State Highway planning stages and ation opportunities nerships and arc to the future. 97 is bigger than the ribbon of input or informa- that will comple- highway that bisects the Coun- tion may be ment the array of How Can I Get Involved? ty. The byway effort provides received from Jim natural offerings an alternative to driving vest of Horn & along the byway To identify projects or learn straight through on State High- Associates, for visitors; A more about the byway, call: way 97 while providing access Inc. at 503-977-2588. range of. recre- Klamath County Departmefit to areas that are missed by the Projects for the ation opportunities of Tourism, Pat McMillan at casual traveler .and that could scenic byway would is always impor- 541-883-0666; Winema National provide added benefit to local benefit by being tant for tourists. Forest, Christina LilienthaI at economies. addressed in these 541-883-6802 (technical sup- The byway could offer a full corridor manage- port); Siskiyou County Eco- visitor experience and insight ment plans. nomic Development Council, into the beauty and resources ... The Klamath-Lake-Modoc The regional map and color The ongoing communication Merle Anderson at 916842-1638

' ntained in Klamath. County. Outdoor Recreation Working information focuses. on the . and network-building between (technical.sup'porf) ; ORE-CAL ' -,]ere will be opportunities 'to .. Group, an informal network of themes of volcanism, scenery, -. California and Oregon citizens RC&D, Jim Vancura at 916-397- meet local residents and learn .. private . and ... government- wildlife, wetlands and historic is necessary. for boa states to 2555 (technical support) ; or

about the volcanism; -wetlands,.. agency. people, have published , and cultural resources. This -is cooperatively seek national. call your local Chamber of wildlife, heritage resources regional outdoor recreation ideal for the scenic byway designation of the whole - Commerce; and agritourism, aspects that tourism brochures_...... which are route. These information mate- byway connecting Crater Lake . . i...,.. ...

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. ., . I CENTRAL IUARIATH COUNTY CORZ11UNITY ACTION TEAM FOR Chiloquin - Fort Klamath - Sprague River - Modoc Point NEWSLETTER

ISSUE #19 Klarnath County Economic Development Association-P.O. Box 1777 K1amaC-1 Falls, OR 97601 June 7, 1996

become a loop by continu- VOLCANIC ing to the north park en- LEGACY MARK YOUR CALENDAR!! trance. The idea behind the spurlloop to Collier Park is SCENIC Elementary School Focus Group to bring some of the tourist BYWAY Why: Planning for next year. traffic past the Tribal Gam- Chiistina Lilienthal, Date: Thursday, June 13 ing facility and the busi- Winema National Forest in nesses surrounding Chilo- Time: 6:00 PM quin while showcasing Klamath Falls, and Julie Where: Elementary school Porter, Innovative Action in Collier Park. Portland, described the sce- We have learned that Or- nic byway proposal to us at Library Yard Sale Event egon Department of Trans- our May 22 meeting. Julie Why: Have some fun, support the library! portation will not support has been contracted by the Dates: Friday and Saturday, June 14-15 any proposal that would Travel Information Council route traffic along the east Time: 10 AM to 5 PM side of Klamath Lake be- to help develop scenic by- Where: The Wells Ranch ways proposals in the state. tween Klamath Falls and Chiloquin. They feel that ' The Volcanic Legacy Sce- Living History Day at Collier Park piece of road is already too nic Byway follows a route Why: Have some FUN! ! ! dangerous. from Lassen National Park Date: Sunday, June 16 ' Christina is currently work- in California to Crater Lake Time: 9 AM to 6 PM National Park. The north- ing with several groups in ern portion will follow the Where: Collier Park California to get their sup- ' Westside Road alone Kla- port behind this proposal. math Lake to Fort Klamath, Scenic Byway Working Group With that support, it is then north to the Park. Why: Help plan the scenic byway highly likely that Oregon will make this route a state I There are two themes as- Date: Tuesday, June 18 Scenic Byway. The state sociated with the route. Time: 9:30 AM This first is, obviously, the will then promote the route volcanic geology of the Where: Lava Beds Monument HQ in their fancy tourist books , area. The second is the fly- and on the state map and way. These themes give Action Team Meeting provide signs to help guide potential tourists two good Why: Find out what's happening the tourists. Once that is , reasons to visit our area. accomplished, this route Date: Wednesday, June 19 will be an excellent candi- Time: 6: 15 PM A proposed spur route date for a National Scenic would follow Highway 62 Where: High School Band Room Byway and can get pro- from Fort Klamath to High- moted nationally. Some way 97 at the Williamson MORE INFO have suggested that the River then Highway 97 Faith Wilkins 783-4096 or 783-2722 route continue past Crater north to Collier Park. It Lake to the north. Julie I was suggested that the spur noted that there may be an opportunity to tie in with another Byway proposal north the building actually would look from the four cardinal directions).

. By enlarging the concept in this way, the route may be- One of the most interesting topics that came up was the come a candidate for "All American Road" designation. cost estimates that the architects developed. Don gave ' This is a Federal designation for the very best routes in us handouts concerning that. The bottom line figures the Country - the kind you read about in national maga- for the actual construction was approximately zines. $2,000,000. Don and Chuck Wells both emphasized that construction grants were fairly easy to come by, but Right now, the proposal needs support from groups and the rub would be the continuing maintenance costs businesses along the way. The Action Team asked associated with the facility. With SORHN, the Klarnath ' Faith Wikins to send a letter of support. Julie has Tribes (still under consideration), and the large (40+ asked that letters be addressed to the Department of children) Daycare Facility, the maintenance should be Transportation, but mailed to her. That way she can be covered. A suggestion was offered that we could also sure all letters are included in the "Corridor Manage- have periodic fundraisers to help. The various . ment Plan" packet that she is preparing. The Address at organizations that would use the Center would also ODOT is: contribute fees for their use of the facility.

The Oregon Scenic Byways Committee We spent considerable tirile discussing the arrangement C/OPat Moran, Scenic Byways Coordinator or the rooms, and people's suggestions for modifica- i Oregon Department of transportation tions in the Center. The architect, Don Stevens, took 555 13th Street NE extensive notes on the public input to include it in the Salem, OR 973 10 final plan.

Julie's address is: The next step in the process, which would be an actual Julie Porter architectural design (blueprints, etc.), may be funded Innovative Action with a Forest Service grant. Chuck Wells is working I 110 NE Hessop Street hard on the grant application and it should be submitted Portland, OR 972 11 to the Forest Service very soon (maybe by the time you read this). Also, the preliminary plans and drawings for , Everyone is encouraged to send their comments to the the Community Center are posted at the Library, at City same addresses. Hall and in the hallway of the front office at Chiloquin Ranger Station. Everyone is invited to take a look. . The group that is developing the proposal will be meet- ing on June 18 at the Lava Beds National Monument A small group attended the June 6 meeting and headquarters building (9:30 AM). Everyone is wel- reviewed the contractors work in great detail. Some , come. adjustments were made and the final proposal is now ready to go to the City Council. COMMUNITY CENTER LIVING HISTORY DAY ACTIVITIES Don Stevens, one of the architects working for Neil COLLIER STATE PARK Huston, was the speaker/facilitator at the May 23 Mark your calendars for Sunday, June 16. Jim meeting. There were between 15-20 of us present. Beauchemin tells us that June 16, from 9:00 AM to Don began with a quick review of the process so far, to 6:00 PM will be Living History Day at Collier State get the people who were involved for the first time, up Park. Volunteers will be dressed in period costume and to speed on the process. there will be opportunities to see antique engines in op- - eration, an operating shingle mill, a Junior Ranger scav- . He reviewed the site selection process, and the enger hunt, wagon rides and lots of other hn activities. sequence of inputs that determined the actual content of the Center. He then distributed a number of handouts If you'd like to be part of this event rather than just a . showing a more detailed floorplan, with square footages spectator, call 541-783-2471 for more information. Jim for the different rooms and features. He also gave us a is looking for volunteers (individuals, clubs and busi- number of "elevations", (differing viewpoints of how nesses) to help sponsor the event, get dressed up in Klamath Lake Loop tour (brochure avall.) 93 miles exd. 28 each way to Guter Lake (148) See: Link River Nature Tmll, Moore Park, Howard

Botanical Area, CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK. Kimball State Park Wood River ~atureSite, ~t. la math Museum & ~arl~ Oregon State F& Hatchery, Collier State Park & Logging Museum Klamath Indian Agency Histotical Site, Henzel Park Williamson River Recreation Point Klamath '~ribeMuseum. and Preparing forMurTrip Don'tforget thefollowing: Upper Klamath PI One Coast Guard approved life preserver for each canoeist PI Extra canoe paddle PI Binocularslcamera Canoe Trail also live here. You may not encounter them, but IZI Sunscreen & Towel PI Food & Drink beavers, muskrats, and river otters do leave signs indicating their presence along the canoe Fl Hat & Sunglasses @J Bug repellant trail. @J waterproof bag PI WindbreakerIJacket Beavers are generally active at night and IZI Bird identification guide love to eat.aspen trees lining Recreation Creek. Please cany your dn'nkr in When you come upon a stand of aspen, look at unbreakable containers. the ones that appear to have been cut down. Look more closely at the cut, and you'll notice Regulations the teeth marks where beavers chomped on the Please observe the following guidelines. They tree. orice they succeed in falling a tree, they are designed to protect the marsh, wildlife, and will eat the young wigs and shiny green bark, visitors. and remove the limbs to build their lodges or 1. Please remain on designated trails. Other store them underwater for winter food. They areas within the refuge are closed to protect also like to eat willow rootlets, grasses, cattails, nesting birds. tules, and yellow pond lilies. 2. Wocus Cut nail is for nonmotorized boat Beaver lodges in this area are mostly conical use only. mounds with entrances usually underwater. 3. Please carry out all trash. They also use mud, twigs, branches, rushes, ! and tules to make their lodges. 4. This is a day-use area only. Muskrats are smaller than beavers, and their 5. Avoid approaching or disturbing nesting tails resemble those of rats. Unlike beavers, birds and birds with young. they are often active during the day. Their home For more infonnahbn, please cotlracr: is a mound of cuttings from cattails, rushes, and *'US Fish & Wildlife Service b J tules, found along the creeks. Klamath Basin National Incidentally, they eat these same plants with Wildlife Refuge Rt. 1, Box 74 which they build their home. They also eat Tulelake, CA 96134 grasses and bulbs of other plants. Their (9 16) 667-223 1 insatiable appetite for these greens helps control the plants from spreading and opens up patches US Forest Service for waterfowl. Klamath Ranger District 1936 California Avenue The life of a river otter is one that most of us Klamath Falls, OR 97601 would envy: it eats and plays all day long. River (503) 885-3400 otters are known to play and bask in the sun ,..' U.S. Department of the Interior along the canoe trail. They don't seem to mind The Unild Slates Depanment ol Agriculture prohibits discriminalion In its U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service programs on the basis ol race. color, national origin, sex. religion, age. human presence unless approached, too closely. disability, political beliels and marital or lamilial status. Persons with disabilities I Their dens are usually well hidden in the creek who require alternative means lor communication 01 program inlormation shwld 1 contact the USDA Olfice of Communication at (202)720-5881or N (202)720- : U.S. Department of Agriculture banks. River otters eat fish, frogs, and other 7800. TO lile a complaint, write the Secreta 01 A ricunure. US Depanment 01 ! Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region Agriculture. Washington, D.c., 20250. or ca?; (2027720-7327or N (202)720- Winema National Forest invertebrates. 1127. USDA Is an equal employment opporIun~Vemployer. These segments can be accessed from either Rocky Point or Malone Springs boat launches. The Rocky Point Boat Launch has a barrier-free toilet, boat dock, & -= through any segment fishing dock to serve people with ' of the 8.5 miles of disabilities. ?Lvo canoeists in good physical Upper Klamath Canoe Trail, you cannot escape condition can paddle 2 miles per hour; the dramatic mixture of marsh, open lake, and please plan your trip accordingly. forest. The meeting of these environments provides a rich habitat for many plant and wildlife species. The Klamath Basin has many freshwater marshes. During fall and spring, nearly a million ducks, geese, swans and other birds migrating the Pacific Flyway flock to the Basin to rest and feed before continuing their journey. These are the best times for birdwatching. Birding Nearly 250 .species of birds have been observed in this area. A wildlife checklist is Early mornings usually available from the offices listed on this prove to be the best time brochure. for finding birds on either Recognizing this richness, Congress the canoe trail or adjacent established the Upper Klamath National ' uplands. Snlaller birds,Xch Wildlife Refuge in 1928. In 1980,the Upper as warblers and flycatchers, migate along A Klamath Qnoe Trail was established by the the lake's edge using willow, aspen, and U.S. Forest Service and U.S. Fish & Wildlife cottonwood trees for cover. Spring and early summer are good times to find and study these elusive birds. You'll also likely observe white pelicans, ~atiada geese, American coot, belted kingfisher, osprey, and bald eagles to name a few.

wocus "' The canoe trail has One of the most common plants four segments: Recreation Creek, Crystal found in the marsh is wocus, or Creek, Wocus Cut, and Malone Springs 'yellow pond lily. It's a large-leaved (from boat launch south to the first water plant with large, w&y, yellowcup- junction). Each segment offers spectacular shaped flowers. views of the marsh, mountains, and forest. The Klamath Indians harvested wocus Wocus Cut is best paddled in spring and seeds from dugout canoes for their winter early summer since it usually is dry by late food supply. The seeds were dried and stored August. for bread and porridges.

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location Map lake ~uaunainterpretive Trail

hunting or accidents, or disease, such as fowl As the pattern of waterfowl use and other at other times numbers may dwindle to only a cholera. Bald eagles can, and do, take live food supplies in the hasin changes throughout few birds. It is important to recognize this birds. but the abundance of dead or weak the winter, so does the use of t.he roosts by dynamic movement of eagles throughout the waterfowl provide a ready and easy food eagles. Eagles will typically utilize roosts clos- winter and to offer protection to all the night source. Eagles will also feed on mdents which est to their fad source. Numbers of eagles in roost sites. Each roost plays an important role become readily available when harvested any particular rcwst will change dramatically sometime during the eagles' winter stay in the grain fields and pastures are flooded for winter during the winter. Some rwsts will be utilir~d basin. irrigation and rodent control. I>y moro than 300 ~-;tglfbs rcart.;~int.imt!s, whilv

EAGLE WINTER ROOSTS Although an abundant fad supply is im- portant to the wintering eagles, it is also neces- sary for them to have night roosting areas. Since the mid 1970's there have been five ma- jor night roost locations documented around the edge of the basin. All of these roosts have some factors in common: I) close to an abun- dant and depndable fml supply, 2) are free of human disturbance, 3) contain old, mature stands of timber that can support the weight of WINTERING EAGLES many eagles and l~avean open branchingpat- Although the basin is an important eagle tern of large limbs which allow easy landing production area, its most important role is as a and takeoff, and 4) are located on northeast- wintering area. The basin hasts the largest facing slopes of ridges which protect the eagles wintering concentration of bald eagles in the from the winter weather and prevailing south- lower 48 states. Although eagles sometimes west and westerly ,chilling winds. When pro- spnd their entire lives in the same locality. tected at night fn~mthese wit~ds,eagles Jose! most migrate to wintering areas. E;\gles mi- less btdy heat, thus requiring less food to grating into the basin come from the north. maintain bcdy temperature. primarily Canada. Some birds are known to come from as far away as the Northwest Ter- ritories in Canada by way of Glacier National Park in Montana.

Migrant bald eagles begin arriving in the t~isinin November. The largest numbers occur in .January and February when over 500 are t~sr~;~llypresent. The majority of this winter use occurs in the southern portion of the basin where abundant numbers of waterfowl can be for~ndon the Tule Lake and lnwer Klnmath National Wildlife refuges and adjacent areas. Winter migrant eagles usually depart the Ivisin hy late March or early April. Wintering t.agles feed primarily on w;tterfowl which have died as a result of natural causes. injuries from Klamath CountvII Visitors ~ap I (not drawn to scale) FUN THINGS And MORE Fun Things REAL ENIOYME'NT TO SEE and DO to SEE and DO WITHIN AN ENJOY WILDLIFE and NATURE: . . Ride the 1906 trolley - It's FREE Hear early history of HOUR'S DRIVE Feed geese and ducks at Veterans Park, perhaps see Klamath Falls (June - September) @ bald eagles, grebes and the aquatlc life @) . . Attend the free live Concerts in the P ~rkon summer CRATER LAKE NATIONAL PARK: Walk the one-m~lenature tra~lalong Llnk Rlver See Thursday evenings. (Veterans Park) @ . . . . Oregon's only National Park. just 62 rnlles northwest on scenic roads. Open all ye~ir.weather permitting the mlnl-falls "Klamath' Falls? @ . . Stroll beautiful Oregon Institute of Technology (Hwy.97N - Hwy. 62) Srt quietly on the banks of Lake Ewauna or Llnk campus. OIT is also a world-renowned geothermal . . . . Enroute stop at historic Fort Klamath, established River, watch wh~tepelicans, huge egrets, blue @) resource center. @ 1863 to protect wagon trams and early settlers. herons - even mrnk, muskrats, river otter or beaver . . Watch thejets at Kingsley Field-Klamath Falls has a Museum and park. @ Identify some of the 70 species of blrds found wlthln constant a.ir show @ . . . . At Crater Lake rlni. hear Rdricjc~i\'rriterpretivc talks at the Klamath Falls clty lrmlts . . Visit specialty shops for western gifts such as: Indian Sinnett Overlook. View the lake thru telescopes. Picn~cat one of the many parks beadwork, leather goods, fur hats, and stores with local crafts For ever changing views, drlve the 33-mlle R~rn a@@@ Road . . Recall steam railroad days. An old Southern Pacific engine is on display in Veterans Park @ Hike I000 up to Warchrnan s Peak or I000 feet RELISH REAL WESTERN HISTORY: down to the water for a Iaur?chnde around the . . . Spend hours in the world-famous Favell Museum of lake Western Art and Indian Artifacts. (Charge) @ In wlnter, cross-country ski or snowshoe . . Become familiar with all of Klamath by visiting the . Return via west side of Klamatn Lake. See wildlife County Museum. Dioramas and interpretive Go Fishing refuge, cattle ranches, artesian wells, Rocky Pornt displays. @ Everywhere Canoe Trail, resorts. (See L.oop Tour brochure). Tour the restored 1906 Baldwin Hotel, a state and . . . . Drive to Moore Park for a 40-mile panoramic view national Historic Landmark and museum, of interest of Klamath and Agency Lakes, and mountains LAVA BEDS NATIONAL MONUMENT: to all ages. @ surrounding Crater Lake National Park. Tennis . . . . Relive lndran history. Drive Hwy #39 South past . . . Browse numerous art galleries and antique shops. courts, picnic areas. 021 Tulelake. Watch for monument slgns & Info kiosk (Brochure) 1 Brochures at Visitors Center. , . . . Have lunch, play bingo or dance at the Senior Center @ Visit petroglyphs; see lndlan wrrtlny on cliff walls . . . . Drive nearby paved county roads to watch farming Walk short trail through Capt. Jack's Stronghold RELAX WITH SPORTS and OUTDOOR and ranching operations. Prime potato country. where Modoc Indians held off U.S Cavalry- ACTIVITIES: (Hwys.39 - 140 - 62) Brochure at trail . . . Summer is rodeo and horse raclng time at the , . . . ~ake.theDowntown Walk to see historic buildings Drlve to Headquarrers for Iriterpretlve walks, sl~de fairgrounds. Check schedules @) with interesting facades (Pick up a brochure) @ shows, displays, caves to explore. (Lanterns avbl.) Klamath is famous for baseball. , . . Visit the County Library, especially the Oregon and Visit nearby Natronal Wildlife Refuges on your See game schedules. @ . genealogy sections @ return. . . Enjoy the numerous bike and jogging trails. . . . . Motorboat, canoe or go sailing on Klamath Lake, /Follow dots) Oregon's largest lake (Inquire at marina) @ COLLIER STATE PARK and LOGGING MUSEUM: . Sailboats abound on lovely Klamath Lake on . . . . North 30 miles on Hwy #97. -~alkthrough acres of Wednesday evenings. Often there are regattas. huge, antique logging equipment; Old blacksmith Watch from Moore Park marina and picnic area. @ shop . . . . See log cabins in pioneer village; Gift shop. Play Golf . . . . Interesting to all ages-A MUST stop and it's FREE. (Flve Courses) SPEND AN EVENING with . . . . You may be challenged by families of Canadian Live THEATRE: ST. JOHN'S MINIATURE STEAM RAILWAY: Honker geese ...... they don't HATCH too many . . . . A hobby that grewl Ride the tiny train for over two . . . . New Ross Ragland Theatre has many golf balls1 (See I) performances scheduled throughout the year. @ miles. Kids and adults alike love it. Hwy #97 North, 23 rnlles, left turn at Chiloquin road. (Seasonal) . . . Linkville Players perform weekends on their stage.@ (Donation) @)

LOOP TOURS BROCHURES, OTHER ITINERARIES at Visitor Center The Klamath Basin Location: On the Cal- are well-kept all year. ifornia-Oregon border sits Photo Experience: one of the premier wildlife Since excellent images can hot spots in the United be made from your vehi- States-the Klarnath Basin. cle, a telephoto lens is As two of six wildlife mandatory. I use a 400mm refuges in that area, Tule with great success. When Lake and Lower Klamath I use a blind, a 300mm Wildlife Refuges offer the and longer works well. best opportunities for Remember, winter is much wildlife and scenic pho- harder on the animals than tography, with easy acces- any other season, and stay- sibility. Both locales were ing in your vehicle is good set aside primarily as water- for their well-being. The fowl refuges in the early less energy the animals 1900s; Lower Klamath expend, the better off they National Wildlife Refuge are. Much of my photog- was designated our nation's raphy is done right from first waterfowl refuge by my car. I use a sturdy win- Teddy Roosevelt in 1908. dow mount to help stabi- Just a six-hour drive lize my camera. north from Sacramento, the Choose your favorite Klamath Basin supports film and bring extra more than one million because one of the best waterfowl during peak things about the Klamath migration seasons-fall and Basin is that there's spring. One of the more always something new magnificent sights to be and exciting to photo- found in tht area is the graph. Among the sight- endangered bald eagle. ~ex'tAnd Photography By Jeffrey Rich ings reported last winter Here, the largest wintering was a bobcat and a very concentration of bald eagles in the are common. During the summer tame northern pygmy owl. lower 48 states occurs annually. months, the mercury can rise into the For more information, contact: Tule Weather: Winter temperatures can 90s, with very little shade in the area. Lake Fish And Wildlife Refuge, Rt. drop to near zero degrees F in the Kla- The highways are kept clear, and the 1, Box 74, Tule Lake, CA 96134, (9 16) math Basin, and freezing temperatures gravel tour routes in the two refuges 667-223 1. OP

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film. During January and February, up to 500 bald eagles use the area, attracted by the large concentration ?cc of waterfowl on which the eagles feed. Many other raptors can be photographed at this time of year, as " well. During fall and spring migrations, you'll find the largest number of waterfowl. Huge flocks of snow geese ,~~3

are particularly impressive. Early summer is the nesttng season for more than 100 species of birds+lack- ' 3:; - ' necked stilts, American avocets, grebes and white pelicans are among the many marsh residents., In the,,,; . , winter, a layer of snow can turn the area into a scenic wonderland. The views of Mount shastab;e mag- . nificent any time of year, and photographtng anlmals against that majestlc backdrop is a real possibility. Mule deer, owls, porcupine, pronghorn and other wildlife abound in the area. ljpon arrival, always check with the .- . refuge headquarters to find the seasonal hot spots. Definitely plan on spending more than one day here!

18 Outdoor Photographer