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Cenomanian Brachiopods from the Vezk Section (South of Yasuj, Iran)

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Cenomanian Brachiopods from the Vezk Section (South of Yasuj, Iran) Journal of Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran 28(4): 337 - 347 (2017) http://jsciences.ut.ac.ir University of Tehran, ISSN 1016-1104 First Record of Aptian- Cenomanian Brachiopods from the Vezk Section (South of Yasuj, Iran) T. Binazadeh* Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran Received: 8 June 2016 / Revised: 25 September 2016 / Accepted: 25 December 2016 Abstract Brachiopod faunas from the Aptian- Cenomanian Vezk section in southwestern Iran comprise ten species in six genera, namely Sellithyris cenomanensis, Sellithyris tornacensis, Sellithyris phaseolina, Phaseolina phaseolina, Tropeothyris sp., Concinnithyris subundata, Kingena arenosa, Cyclothyris difformis, Cyclothyris sp. and Cyclothyris compressa. All species are recorded for the first time from the lower Cretaceous of Vezk section (South of Yasuj). These deposits are composed of an alternation of green marls and thin layers of yellow shaly or sandy limestone, which overlain by thick bedded black limestone. The thickness of these deposits are 74 meters, which covers the Jurassic sediments, while its upper boundary ends with erosion surface that covered by Neogene deposits. These deposits consist of different fossil groups such as brachiopods, echinoids, corals, gastropods and orbitolinids that confirm the Aptian- Cenomanian ages for these sediments. The fauna assemblages suggest at shallow and suitable environment prevailed during the deposition of the strata. Keywords: Brachiopods; Aptian; Cenomanian; Yasuj; Iran. small amount of organic matrix [8]. Brachiopods, also Introduction known as ‘lamp shells’, are marine metazoans that Brachiopods are marine organisms which have two elaborate a bivalved shell, similar to the molluscs of shells or valves of different sizes, shape and the class Bivalvia [12]. They are adapted to meso- ornamentation. Brachiopods are benthic organisms, eutrophic environments in shallow- to deep-water their distribution depends on bathymetry, light, settings and occur in heterotrophic, sciophilous intensity of currents, distance from the shoreline, and assemblages [11]. Brachiopods have a low metabolic the nature of suitable substrates [9]. Brachiopods are rate, low nutrient demands [1] and are able to marine animals, living on or near the sea bed. Some assimilate dissolved substances during times of low brachiopods live in burrows but most are attached to influx of particulate food [14]. Brachiopod dominance rocks or the ocean floor by the pedicle which they use may be enhanced by reduced oxygen levels and a low to adjust their position. Other brachiopod species nutrient supply [14]. Although brachiopods are among developed spines to stabilise themselves in mud [7]. the most conspicuous and diverse constituents of Brachiopod shell is an organo-mineral structure, marine invertebrate faunal elements of the Aptian- mainly comprising low magnesium calcite enclosing a Cenomanian sediments in Vezk section, very few * Corresponding author: Tel: +989177433099; Fax:+987433229311; Email: [email protected] 337 Vol. 28 No. 4 Autumn 2017 T. Binazadeh. J. Sci. I. R. Iran studies have been published on this subject (May be no Tropeothyris sp., Concinnithyris subundata, Kingena study). Arab et al. (2015) reported five species of the arenosa, Cyclothyris difformis, Cyclothyris sp. and Late Albian- Early Cenomanian brachiopods from Cyclothyris compressa. The brachiopods generally Baghin region, west of Kerman. Foladi & Dastanpour confirm the Albian– Cenomanian age suggested by the (2015) reported ten species of the Middle Cretaceous other fossils, associated with these brachiopods, such brachiopods from Estakhrooyeh region. The as foraminifers. The present paper continues this work brachiopods fauna of Vezk section comprises and deals with assemblages from the Albian- Sellithyris cenomanensis, Sellithyris tornacensis, Cenomanian Yasuj strata, as exposed near the village Sellithyris phaseolina, Phaseolina phaseolina, of Vezk (southwest of Iran; Fig. 1). Figure 1. Location map and studied sections of the Albian– Cenomanian strata in Southwestern Iran. 338 First Record of Aptian- Cenomanian Brachiopods from the Vezk Section … Geological Setting and Stratigraphy alternation of green marls and thin layers of yellow The brachiopods described here have been collected shaly or sandy limestone (Fig. 2) which overlain by from Albian– Cenomanian strata that crop out at Vezk thick bedded black limestone, with an abundant section, southwest of Yasuj, Iran (Fig. 1). This section benthic foraminifera (Orbitolina), echinoids, bivalves, is situated about 17 km south of Yasuj city (N gastropods and corals, most of which confirm an 30˚32'53", E 51˚38'43"). The Albian– Cenomanian Albian– Cenomanian age for the sediments. The sediments of Vezk section consist mainly of an thickness of these deposits are 74 meters, which covers Figure 2. Schematic lithological succession of Albian– Cenomanian strata in Vezk section. 339 Vol. 28 No. 4 Autumn 2017 T. Binazadeh. J. Sci. I. R. Iran the Jurassic sediments, while its upper boundary ends biplicate.The maximum width and thickness of the with erosion surface that covered by Neogene deposits. shell is to the middle of shell. The lateral commissure The Vezk section is a part of the Zagros sedimentary is ventrally curved. The beak is suberect. The beak basin which is located in southwestern Yasuj city. The ridges are distinct. The anterior commissure is Cretaceous sediments are well-exposed in the studied uniplicate to sulciplicate. area. Remarks: The recovered species are similar to those described by Arab (2010). This species differs from other Sellithyris species by its pentagonal outline, Materials and Methods medium to large in sized, equal convex valves or The present material was collected by T. Binazadeh pedicle valve more convex and suberect foramen. The during different field work in Vezk locality. To study species described by Arab (2010), have a pentagonalto the brachiopod fauna of Vezk section, 104 specimens subcircular outline, permesothyridid foramen in adult, of brachiopods has been collected from marls and thin my specimens are pentagonal to subcircular in outline layers of yellow shaly limestone of this section which and having mesothyridid foramen. belonging to two taxonomical classes were included in Age and distribution: This species occurs in the this study. About half of the specimens were crushed, Albian? –lower Cenomanian sediments of Baghinand distorted, imperfect, or weathered. Well preserved Basab regions, Kerman, Iran (Arab, 2010). This specimens were cleaned, using a mild detergent and species is recovered from lower cenomanian sediment whenever necessary by using an ultrasonic vibrator and of Vezk section, Yasuj, Iran. a preparation needle. Sellithyris tornacensis (diArchiac, 1847) (Pl. 2, figs. J- L) 1988 Sellithyris tornacensis (diArchiac): Owen, p. Systematic paleontology 104, pl. 6, figs 1-3 In total, 104 brachiopod specimens have been 1997 Sellithyris tornacensis (diArchiac, 1847): collected from this section. This biostratigraphic Gaspard, pl. 2, fig. 1 research resulted in to examine 6 genera 10 species of 2010 Sellithyris tornacensis (diArchiac, 1847): brachiopoda for the first time from this section. Arab, Pl. 16, figs. A-O Class Articulata Huxley, 1869 Material: Eleven complete specimens and four Order Terebratulida Waagen, 1883 incomplete specimens were recovered. Suborder Terebratulidina Waagen, 1883 Description: This species was previously identified Superfamily Terebratuloidea Gray, 1840 by Owen (1988- p. 104, pl. 6, figs 1-3), Gaspard (1997- Family Sellithyrididae Muir-Wood, 1965 pl. 2, fig. 1), and has been described later by Arab Subfamily Sellithyridinae Muir-Wood, 1965 (2010- Pl. 16, figs. A-O). Shell is medium to large in Genus Sellithyris Middlemiss, 1959 size, biconvex and pedicle valve more convex and Type species: Terebratula sella J. de C. Sowerby, Pentagonal to oval in outline. The maximum width and 1823 thickness are situated at about mid length. The beak is Sellithyris cenomanensis (Gaspard, 1997) suberect. Foramen is medium, circular and (Pl. 2, figs. D- F) permesothyridid. The beak ridges are poorly 1997 Sellithyris cenomanensis (Gaspard); Gaspard developed. The lateral commissure ventrally curved. pl. 1, fig. 9 The Shell surface is smooth. The anterior commissure 2010 Sellithyris cenomanensis (Gaspard); Arab; Pl. is uniplicate to sulciplicate. 17, figs. A-J Remarks: This is a distinctive species. The outline Material: Nineteen complete specimens and eight and beak characters of this section species are five incomplete specimens were recovered. approximately similar to those from Baghin and Basab, Description: This species was previously identified which are described by Arab (2010). The species by Gaspard (1988) and has been described later by described by Arab (2010), have a pentagonal to Arab (2010- Pl. 17, figs. A-J). The shell is medium to elongate- oval outline, large size, large foramen and large in size and pentagonal, biconvex, both valves are erect to suberect beak, my specimens are pentagonal to equally convex or pedicle valve more convex, with a oval in outline, medium to large in size, medium round, medium to large and circular and mesothyridid foramen and having suberect beak. foramen. The shell surface is smooth. Lateral margins Age and distribution: This species described from are inclined antero-ventrally, the surface is marked by lower Cenomanian in Britain and northen Europe [18] major
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