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Notes on Athericidae (Diptera)

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Notes on Athericidae (Diptera) Notes on Athericidae (Diptera) 著者 "NAGATOMI Akira" journal or 南海研紀要 publication title volume 5 number 2 page range 87-106 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10232/15653 Mem. Kagoshima Univ. Res. Center S. Pac, Vol. S, No. 2, 1984 87 Notes on Athericidae (Diptera) Akira NAGATOMI* Abstract Additional notes on the male genitalia of Athericidae are given. The status of the genera of Athericidae is discussed. Atherix- and Suragina species from North America and Mexico are also discussed. A new Suragina from Okinawa and Amami Oshima is described. Introduction This paper forms a sequel to NAGATOMI (1979a). Some comments are given to NAGATOMI (1979a, 1984a) on the male genitalia, to STUCKENBERG (1960, 1966, 1973, 1974, 1980) on the status of the genera of Athericidae, and to WEBB (1977, 1981) on Atherix- and Suragina species from North America and Mexico. There is a species of Suragina collected in Okinawa-honto and Amami Oshima. It seems to be distinct from Suragina yaeyamana NAGATOMI, 1979 of the Yaeyama Islands (Ishigaki-jima and Iriomote-jima) and is here described as new to science. Abbreviations used in Figs. 1-17, 26-31 are as follows: AA, anterior bar of aedeagus (=aedeagal apodeme); ADS, aedeagal dorsoanterior sclerite ; ALS, apicolateral sclerite of dorsal plate; AT, aedeagal tine; B, basistyle (= gonocoxite); BDP, basistylar dorsomesal anterior process (= gonocoxal apodeme); C, cercus ; D, dististyle (= gonostylus); DB, dorsal bridge; DP, dorsal plate (=paramere); I, interbasis ; MSM, minutely setose membrane ; P, knob-like process or convexity near base of inner margin of dististyle ; PD, process directed dorsally ; PF, process directed forward and apparently originated from interbasis ; PV, process directed ventrally and forming apex of interbasis ; S10, sternum 10; T9, tergum 9; VP, ventral plate (= aedeagal guide). I. Male genitalia of Athericidae NAGATOMI (1979a, 1984a) described and illustrated the male genitalia of Athericidae based on Atherix, Suragina, Atrichops, and Dasyomma. Some misinterpretations must be corrected. The new material examined is as follows : Dasyomma maculipennis HARDY, 1920 from Tasmania ; Pachyhates incompleta (BEZZI, 1926) from South Africa ; "Atherix' kar STUCKENBERG, 1960 from South Africa; lhisia marginata (FABRICIUS, 1781) from **S us, ffiRS*f:ft*g^4*S:l Entomological Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 21-24 Korimoto 1-Chome, Kagoshima 890, Japan. Nagatomi: Notes on Athericidae (Diptera) Figs. 1-5. Male genitalia of Dasyomma maculipennis HARDY, 1920. 1, 3, 5. Dorsal view. 2, 4. Ventral view. 5. Cercus. Europe ; Suragina uruma sp. n. from Japan (Okinawa and Amami Oshima). It must be noted that (car is unplaced in any known genus by STUCKENBERG (1980). In Atherix, Pachyhates, Ibisia, Suragina, "Atherix" kar, and Atrichops, there is a pair of elongate sclerites each of which is located behind or along the interbasis. This sclerite forms the apicolateral part of the dorsal plate (=paramere) (not the aedeagus in a strict sense). The dorsal and ventral plates (=paramere and aedeagal guide) are independent of the interbasis and their apical parts are narrower than the area between the interbases. It must be noted that the dorsal plate (except the apicolateral sclerite) is transparent and difficult to recognize. The ventral plate is easy to discriminate in Atherix ibis (Fig. 12), possible to discriminate in Atherix basilica (Fig. 13), but not Mem. Kagoshima Univ. Res. Center S. Pac, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1984 Figs. 6-8. Male genitalia of Pachyhates incompleta (BEZZI, 1926), dorsal view. 8. Cercus. possible to determine its outline (if present) in Pachyhates, Ibisia, Suragina, "Atherix" kar, and Atrichops unless a minutely setose membrane (Fig. 28) is homologous with the ventral plate. As to Atherix ibis, NAGATOMI (1979a: 166) wrote, "it is probable that and of the 3 elongate acute processes, 2 directed dorsally are also the part of aedeagus [=correctly dorsal plate]." But it is still uncertain whether 2 processes in question originate from dorsal plate or interbasis. Whereas in Dasyomma, the dorsal and ventral plates are fused with the interbasis at the lateral margin and cover all over the area between interbases (as in Tabanidae). This state may be plesiomorphic. A key is prepared in the forthcoming chapter in order to distinguish the genera of Athericidae based on male genitalia. There may be a swelling on inner margin of dististyle in "Atherix" kar and Pachy hates braunsi (see Fig. 71 in Stuckenberg, 1960) but this appears to be not homologous with those in Ibisia and Suragina. Further study may be necessary to ascertain this point. The male genitalia of Xeritha is similar to Pachyhates but may easily be distin guished from the latter by having the anterior bar of aedeagus and pair of basistylar dorsomesal anterior processes short (judging from Figs.6-7 in STUCKENBERG, 1966). The male genitalia of Trichacantha appears to be almost identical or very similar to those of Pachyhates judging from Figs. 79-80 in STUCKENBERG (1960: 282). Tricha cantha is "structurally very remarkable genus" (after OLDROYD, 1964: 113). NAGATOMI: Notes on Athericidae (Diptera) V\ \ Mi >— 7 /y' \& Jfl-**** /^/ -M- - i //\ J 1 1 1 I Figs. 9-11. Male genitalia of "Atherix" kar STUCKENBERG (1960), dorsal view. 11. Cercus. Among the genera in the couplets 3-6 of the key, the male genitalia are most specialized in Atherix and apparently most generalized or plesiomorphic in Pachyhates. Dasyomma maculipennis (Figs. 1-5) is distinguished from Dasyomma flava HARDY, 1933 (see Figs. 128-131 in NAGATOMI, 1984a) in male genitalia by having a rather conical dististyle [in flava, apical part flattened more sharply anteroposteriorly (=inner- outerly)], basistyle widest behind middle (in flava, widest before middle), area corres ponding to sternum 9 and base of basistyle with hairs (in flava, bare), and cercus as wide as long (in flava, wider than long). The male genitalia of Pachyhates incompleta (Figs. 6-8) are distinguished from those of "Atherix" kar (Figs.9-11) by having a parallel-sided basistyle (in kar, expanded apically), dististyle widest near base and rounded at apex (in kar, rectangular), and cercus widest at base (in kar, widest at middle). The male genitalia of "Atherix" kar (Figs. 9-11) is distinguished from those of "Suragina" caerulescens (BRUNETT1, 1912) (=kodamai NAGATOMI, 1953) (see Fig. 7 in NAGATOMI, 1979a) by having a dististyle that is gentle at outer apex (in caerulescens, angulate) and tergum 9 as wide as long (in caerulescens, longer than wide). As mentioned above, a knob-like process on the inner margin of the dististyle is present in Ihisia, Suragina, and "Suragina" caerulescens, but it has been judged that this process is absent in "Atherix" kar. Between the closely related species of Suragina, i. e. satsumana and uruma, several minor but significant differences are present in male genitalia (see the description of uruma, p. 104). Mem. Kagoshima Univ. Res. Center S. Pac, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1984 91 ALS Figs. 12-14. Part of male genitalia (excluding pair of aedeagal tines), ventral view. 12. Atherix ibis (FABRICIUS, 1798) (from Japan). 13-14. Atherix basilica NAGATOMI, 1958. 14. Process directed ventrally and forming apex of inter basis (=PV). Among the Atrichops species, the posterior margin of the cercus has a deep concavity in chotei and the mid-posterior convexity of tergum 9 is long and acute in fontinalis and each of them is useful for diagnostic purposes (see the figures in NAGATOMI, 1979a, b, 1984b). Specimens dissected: Dasyomma maculipennis: 2$ $, Mt. Field Nat. Park, Dobson Lake, 1000m, Tasmania, 25.XII. 1960, J. L. GRESSITT. Pachyhates incompleta: 1$, Wit River Valley, Bain's Kloof, South-Western Cape Province, South Africa, XII. 1949. "Atherix" kar: 1$, Karkloof, Natal, South Africa, 8.1. 1957, B. R. STUCKENBERG. Ibisia marginata : 1$, Czechoslovakia, 10.VI. 1961, R. ROZKOSNY. Suragina uruma: 1$, Fu-ku, Okinawa I., 10. X. 1975, S. AZUMA. 92 Nagatomi: Notes on Athericidae (Diptera) Figs. 15-17- Male genitalia of Ibisia marginata (FABRICIUS, 1781), dorsal view. 17. Cercus. II. Distinction between Ibisia and Suragina Ibisia RONDANI, 1856 (Dipterol. Ital. prodr., 1: 154; type-species: Bibio marginata FABRICIUS, 1781 from Europe by monotypy). Suragina WALKER, 1859 (J. Linn. Soc. London 4: 110; type-species : Suragina illucens WALKER, 1859 from Celebes by monotypy). It is now clear that Ibisia is definitely more similar to Suragina than to Atherix (i. e. ibis and basilica), because in Ibisia marginata the ventral apex of the hind coxa is acutely pointed and the male genitalia agree very well in structure with those of Suragina. An attempt is here made to distinguish Ibisia from Suragina. STUCKENBERG (1974: 280-281) states, "I have seen only four of the eight known species of that genus (marginata, maroccana, apollinis, and dispar); however, published accounts of the other four (apfelbecki, dalmatica, erythraspis, and vicina) indicate that all of them probably are congeneric with marginata", and "Apart from marginata which has a wide range in Europe, the species of Ibisia are restricted to montane regions bordering the Mediterranean (apollinis also on Sicily), " On the other hand, Suragina is distributed as follows: the Oriental region (including the Moluccas**) and Japan : 20 (or so) (NAGATOMI, 1975, 1979a): the Afrotropical Mem. Kagoshima Univ. Res.Center S.Pac, Vol. 5, No. 2, 1984 93 region: 13 (STUCKENBERG, 1980); Central America and Texas: 3 (WEBB, 1977, 1981). I have examined 2$ $, 3-^-f-
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