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Some Will Go Far to Catch a Falling Star Henner Busemann Enjoys a Hymn to the Passionate Collectors Who Fuelled the Science of Meteorites
Vol 462|26 November 2009 BOOKS & ARTS Some will go far to catch a falling star Henner Busemann enjoys a hymn to the passionate collectors who fuelled the science of meteorites. The Fallen Sky: An Intimate History of into legal disputes. Farmer Ellis Hughes, for and he is considered one of the leaders of Shooting Stars example, was convicted of theft after ‘recov- modern meteorite research. Yet Nininger’s by Christopher Cokinos ering’ the famous Willamette iron meteor ite hopes for an appointment as a professor for Tarcher/Penguin: 2009. 528 pp. $27.95 from private land in 1902. The 14-tonne main meteoritics never materialized. Traduced as chunk of this is now in the American Museum a collector with merely commercial interests, of Natural History, New York. Nininger struggled to earn enough to sup- Meteorites — rocks that ‘fall from the sky’ — Cokinos’s efforts culminate in three splendid port his family yet managed to accumulate an fascinate and inspire. The origin of these dark, chapters. One concerns pioneer Harvey Ninin- impressive private collection of meteorites. often strangely sculpted boulders that might ger, a biologist from Kansas who was the first Cokinos conveys his excitement at visiting suddenly dent a ploughed field or demolish to systematically trace and collect meteorites Nördlingen, a picturesque medieval town in a roof has long been disputed. Yet the global in the United States. Cokinos gives a thrilling the south of Germany, built within a meteorite consequences of meteorite impacts have only description of Nininger’s crater of some 20 kilome- recently been accepted. It took the efforts of a epic fight to raise aware- “Jealousy, personal tres in diameter that formed few visionaries — mostly non-academics who ness of the importance of animosity and a struggle around 15 million years had to endure scholastic resistance, sarcasm meteor ites as extraterrestrial ago. -
Tubular Symplectic Inclusions in Olivine from the Fukang Pallasite
Meteoritics & Planetary Science 45, Nr 5, 899–910 (2010) doi: 10.1111/j.1945-5100.2010.01054.x Tubular symplectic inclusions in olivine from the Fukang pallasite Michael R. STEVENS1, David R. BELL1,2, and Peter R. BUSECK1,2* 1School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA 2Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287, USA *Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] (Received 11 June 2009; revision accepted 27 March 2010) Abstract–Olivine from the Fukang meteorite, like that from many other pallasites, contains distinctive arrays of parallel, straight, tubular inclusions. They differ in their extension and linearity from those in terrestrial olivines. They comprise approximately 1% of the total volume. Most have lens-shaped cross-sections, but some are rounded. The major axis of the lens-shaped inclusions is rigorously oriented along olivine [001], and the rounded ones lie along olivine [010] and a few along [100]. The linear nature and orientations of the inclusions suggest that they nucleated on screw dislocations, perhaps formed through shock triggering. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy show that the inclusions consist of symplectic intergrowths of chromite, diopside, and silica that appear to have formed by exsolution from the host olivine. The symplectites consist of chromite lamellae with approximately 35-nm spacings that grew outward from a central plane, with interstitial diopside and silica. Contrast modulations having an average spacing of 4.4 nm occur within the chromite lamellae. Using a reaction- front model, we estimate that exsolution occurred over a period of 30 to 100 min, suggesting rapid cooling at high temperature. -
Tardi-Magmatic Precipitation of Martian Fe/Mg-Rich Clay Minerals Via Igneous Differentiation
©2020TheAuthors Published by the European Association of Geochemistry ▪ Tardi-magmatic precipitation of Martian Fe/Mg-rich clay minerals via igneous differentiation J.-C. Viennet1*, S. Bernard1, C. Le Guillou2, V. Sautter1, P. Schmitt-Kopplin3, O. Beyssac1, S. Pont1, B. Zanda1, R. Hewins1, L. Remusat1 Abstract doi: 10.7185/geochemlet.2023 Mars is seen as a basalt covered world that has been extensively altered through hydrothermal or near surface water-rock interactions. As a result, all the Fe/Mg-rich clay minerals detected from orbit so far have been interpreted as secondary, i.e. as products of aqueous alteration of pre-existing silicates by (sub)surface water. Based on the fine scale petrographic study of the evolved mesostasis of the Nakhla mete- orite, we report here the presence of primary Fe/Mg-rich clay minerals that directly precipitated from a water-rich fluid exsolved from the Cl-rich parental melt of nakhlites during igneous differentiation. Such a tardi-magmatic precipitation of clay minerals requires much lower amounts of water compared to production via aque- ous alteration. Although primary Fe/Mg-rich clay minerals are minor phases in Nakhla, the contribution of such a process to Martian clay formation may have been quite significant during the Noachian given that Noachian magmas were richer in H2O. In any case, the present discovery justifies a re-evaluation of the exact origin of the clay minerals detected on Mars so far, with potential consequences for our vision of the early magmatic and climatic histories of Mars. Received 26 January 2020 | Accepted 27 May 2020 | Published 8 July 2020 Letter mafic crustal materials (Smith and Bandfield, 2012; Ehlmann and Edwards, 2014). -
Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List
Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2009 Presentation List A002: (Advances in Earth & Planetary Science) oral 201A 5/１７, 9:45–10:20, *A002-001, Science of small bodies opened by Hayabusa Akira Fujiwara 5/１７, 10:20–10:55, *A002-002, What has the lunar explorer ''Kaguya'' seen ? Junichi Haruyama 5/１７, 10:55–11:30, *A002-003, Planetary Explorations of Japan: Past, current, and future Takehiko Satoh A003: (Geoscience Education and Outreach) oraｌ 301A 5/１７, 9:00–9:02, Introductory talk -outreach activity for primary school students 5/１７, 9:02–9:14, A003-001, Learning of geological formation for pupils by Geological Museum: Part (3) Explanation of geological formation Shiro Tamanyu, Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada 5/17, 9:14-9:26, A003-002 YUREO: an analog experiment equipment for earthquake induced landslide Youhei Suzuki, Shintaro Hayashi, Shuichi Sasaki 5/17, 9:26-9:38, A003-003 Learning of 'geological formation' for elementary schoolchildren by the Geological Museum, AIST: Overview and Drawing worksheets Rie Morijiri, Yuki Sawada, Shiro Tamanyu 5/17, 9:38-9:50, A003-004 Collaborative educational activities with schools in the Geological Museum and Geological Survey of Japan Yuki Sawada, Rie Morijiri, Shiro Tamanyu, other 5/17, 9:50-10:02, A003-005 What did the Schoolchildren's Summer Course in Seismology and Volcanology left 400 participants something? Kazuyuki Nakagawa 5/17, 10:02-10:14, A003-006 The seacret of Kyoto : The 9th Schoolchildren's Summer Course inSeismology and Volcanology Akiko Sato, Akira Sangawa, Kazuyuki Nakagawa Working group for -
New Mars Meteorite Fall in Marocco: Final Strewn Field
Available online at www.ilcpa.pl International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 11 (2013) 20-25 ISSN 2299-3843 New Mars meteorite fall in Marocco: final strewn field Abderrahmane Ibhi Laboratory of Geo-heritage and Geo-materials Science, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco E-mail address: [email protected] ABSTRACT The Tissint fireball is the only fireball to have been observed and reported by numerous witnesses across the south-east of Morocco. The event was extremely valuable to the scientific community; show an extraordinary and rare event and were also the brightest and most comprehensively observed fireball in Morocco’s known astronomical history. Since the abstract of A. Ibhi (2011) [1]. In 1012-2013 concerning a number of Martian meteorite fragments found in the region of Tata (Morocco), a number of expeditions have been made to the area. A. ibhi has done a great amount of field work. He discovered the strewn field and collected the fragments of this Martian meteorite and many information. Each expedition has had the effect of expanding the size of the strewn field which is now documented to cover more than 70 sq. kilometers. The size of the strewn field is now estimated to be about a 17 km long. Keywords: fireball; Martian meteorite; Shergottite; Strewn field; Tissint; Morocco. 1. INTRODUCTION A meteoritic body entered the earth’s atmosphere in the south-east skies of Tata, Morocco, On Sunday July, 18th, 2011 at 2 o’clock in the morning. Its interaction with the atmosphere led to brilliant light flashes accompanied with detonations. -
March 21–25, 2016
FORTY-SEVENTH LUNAR AND PLANETARY SCIENCE CONFERENCE PROGRAM OF TECHNICAL SESSIONS MARCH 21–25, 2016 The Woodlands Waterway Marriott Hotel and Convention Center The Woodlands, Texas INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT Universities Space Research Association Lunar and Planetary Institute National Aeronautics and Space Administration CONFERENCE CO-CHAIRS Stephen Mackwell, Lunar and Planetary Institute Eileen Stansbery, NASA Johnson Space Center PROGRAM COMMITTEE CHAIRS David Draper, NASA Johnson Space Center Walter Kiefer, Lunar and Planetary Institute PROGRAM COMMITTEE P. Doug Archer, NASA Johnson Space Center Nicolas LeCorvec, Lunar and Planetary Institute Katherine Bermingham, University of Maryland Yo Matsubara, Smithsonian Institute Janice Bishop, SETI and NASA Ames Research Center Francis McCubbin, NASA Johnson Space Center Jeremy Boyce, University of California, Los Angeles Andrew Needham, Carnegie Institution of Washington Lisa Danielson, NASA Johnson Space Center Lan-Anh Nguyen, NASA Johnson Space Center Deepak Dhingra, University of Idaho Paul Niles, NASA Johnson Space Center Stephen Elardo, Carnegie Institution of Washington Dorothy Oehler, NASA Johnson Space Center Marc Fries, NASA Johnson Space Center D. Alex Patthoff, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Cyrena Goodrich, Lunar and Planetary Institute Elizabeth Rampe, Aerodyne Industries, Jacobs JETS at John Gruener, NASA Johnson Space Center NASA Johnson Space Center Justin Hagerty, U.S. Geological Survey Carol Raymond, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Lindsay Hays, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Paul Schenk, -
ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES in the SILICATE PHASE of PALLASITIC METEORITES Redacted for Privacy Abstract Approved: Roman A
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF THURMAN DALE COOPER for theMASTER OF SCIENCE (Name) (Degree) in CHEMISTRY presented on June 1, 1973 (Major) (Date) Title: ELEMENTAL ABUNDANCES IN THE SILICATE PHASE OF PALLASITIC METEORITES Redacted for privacy Abstract approved: Roman A. Schmitt The silicate phases of 11 pallasites were analyzed instrumen- tally to determine the concentrations of some major, minor, and trace elements.The silicate phases were found to contain about 98% olivine with 1 to 2% accessory minerals such as lawrencite, schreibersite, troilite, chromite, and farringtonite present.The trace element concentrations, except Sc and Mn, were found to be extremely low and were found primarily in the accessory phases rather than in the pure olivine.An unusual bimodal Mn distribution was noted in the pallasites, and Eagle Station had a chondritic nor- malized REE pattern enrichedin the heavy REE. The silicate phases of pallasites and mesosiderites were shown to be sufficiently diverse in origin such that separate classifications are entirely justified. APPROVED: Redacted for privacy Professor of Chemistry in charge of major Redacted for privacy Chairman of Department of Chemistry Redacted for privacy Dean of Graduate School Date thesis is presented June 1,1973 Typed by Opal Grossnicklaus for Thurman Dale Cooper Elemental Abundances in the Silicate Phase of Pallasitic Meteorites by Thurman Dale Cooper A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science June 1974 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express his gratitude to Prof. Roman A. Schmitt for his guidance, suggestions, discussions, and thoughtful- ness which have served as an inspiration. -
Can Mars' Current Atmosphere Land Block Island Sized Meteorites?
41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2010) 2351.pdf CAN MARS’ CURRENT ATMOSPHERE LAND BLOCK ISLAND SIZED METEORITES? J.E.Chappelow1 and M.P. Golombek2, 1SAGA Inc., 1148 Sundance Loop, Fairbanks, AK 99709 (john.chap- [email protected]), 2Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109. Introduction: In 2005-6 Chappelow and Sharpton mass and vf is the final velocity, were used to sort the showed that iron meteorites up to a few kg in mass BI meteorite outcomes out of the results. should be expected on Mars [1,2] and that even irons Results: We found that Mars’ current atmosphere the mass of Heat Shield Rock (hereafter HSR, also can decelerate iron meteoroids as large as Block Is- named Meridiani Planum) (50 – 60 kg) could be land below 2 km/s, but only if they start with very spe- landed, even under as low-density a martian atmo- cific masses, speeds, and (especially) entry angles. All sphere as the one that exists today, though only rarely. of the positive results for BI that were found followed They would have to encounter the planet within nar- the type 3 flight path shown on Fig. 1 (termed “fall- row limits of initial mass, entry velocity, and entry back” trajectories in the caption). On this type of tra- angle [3] to have their velocity reduced sufficiently be- jectory, the meteoroid enters the atmosphere, initially low hypervelocity impact speeds (< 2 km/s) to land a descends, but then ascends briefly as the planet curves meteorite as opposed to forming a primary crater and away beneath it, before finally slowing and redescend- being destroyed or severely deformed. -
N Arieuican%Mllsellm
n ARieuican%Mllsellm PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK 24, N.Y. NUMBER 2I63 DECEMBER I9, I963 The Pallasites BY BRIAN MASON' INTRODUCTION The pallasites are a comparatively rare type of meteorite, but are remarkable in several respects. Historically, it was a pallasite for which an extraterrestrial origin was first postulated because of its unique compositional and structural features. The Krasnoyarsk pallasite was discovered in 1749 about 150 miles south of Krasnoyarsk, and seen by P. S. Pallas in 1772, who recognized these unique features and arranged for its removal to the Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. Chladni (1794) examined it and concluded it must have come from beyond the earth, at a time when the scientific community did not accept the reality of stones falling from the sky. Compositionally, the combination of olivine and nickel-iron in subequal amounts clearly distinguishes the pallasites from all other groups of meteorites, and the remarkable juxtaposition of a comparatively light silicate mineral and heavy metal poses a nice problem of origin. Several theories of the internal structure of the earth have postulated the presence of a pallasitic layer to account for the geophysical data. No apology is therefore required for an attempt to provide a comprehensive account of this remarkable group of meteorites. Some 40 pallasites are known, of which only two, Marjalahti and Zaisho, were seen to fall (table 1). Of these, some may be portions of a single meteorite. It has been suggested that the pallasite found in Indian mounds at Anderson, Ohio, may be fragments of the Brenham meteorite, I Chairman, Department of Mineralogy, the American Museum of Natural History. -
The Tennessee Meteorite Impact Sites and Changing Perspectives on Impact Cratering
UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN QUEENSLAND THE TENNESSEE METEORITE IMPACT SITES AND CHANGING PERSPECTIVES ON IMPACT CRATERING A dissertation submitted by Janaruth Harling Ford B.A. Cum Laude (Vanderbilt University), M. Astron. (University of Western Sydney) For the award of Doctor of Philosophy 2015 ABSTRACT Terrestrial impact structures offer astronomers and geologists opportunities to study the impact cratering process. Tennessee has four structures of interest. Information gained over the last century and a half concerning these sites is scattered throughout astronomical, geological and other specialized scientific journals, books, and literature, some of which are elusive. Gathering and compiling this widely- spread information into one historical document benefits the scientific community in general. The Wells Creek Structure is a proven impact site, and has been referred to as the ‘syntype’ cryptoexplosion structure for the United State. It was the first impact structure in the United States in which shatter cones were identified and was probably the subject of the first detailed geological report on a cryptoexplosive structure in the United States. The Wells Creek Structure displays bilateral symmetry, and three smaller ‘craters’ lie to the north of the main Wells Creek structure along its axis of symmetry. The question remains as to whether or not these structures have a common origin with the Wells Creek structure. The Flynn Creek Structure, another proven impact site, was first mentioned as a site of disturbance in Safford’s 1869 report on the geology of Tennessee. It has been noted as the terrestrial feature that bears the closest resemblance to a typical lunar crater, even though it is the probable result of a shallow marine impact. -
Meteorite Collections: Sample List
Meteorite Collections: Sample List Institute of Meteoritics Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of New Mexico October 01, 2021 Institute of Meteoritics Meteorite Collection The IOM meteorite collection includes samples from approximately 600 different meteorites, representative of most meteorite types. The last printed copy of the collection's Catalog was published in 1990. We will no longer publish a printed catalog, but instead have produced this web-based Online Catalog, which presents the current catalog in searchable and downloadable forms. The database will be updated periodically. The date on the front page of this version of the catalog is the date that it was downloaded from the worldwide web. The catalog website is: Although we have made every effort to avoid inaccuracies, the database may still contain errors. Please contact the collection's Curator, Dr. Rhian Jones, ([email protected]) if you have any questions or comments. Cover photos: Top left: Thin section photomicrograph of the martian shergottite, Zagami (crossed nicols). Brightly colored crystals are pyroxene; black material is maskelynite (a form of plagioclase feldspar that has been rendered amorphous by high shock pressures). Photo is 1.5 mm across. (Photo by R. Jones.) Top right: The Pasamonte, New Mexico, eucrite (basalt). This individual stone is covered with shiny black fusion crust that formed as the stone fell through the earth's atmosphere. Photo is 8 cm across. (Photo by K. Nicols.) Bottom left: The Dora, New Mexico, pallasite. Orange crystals of olivine are set in a matrix of iron, nickel metal. Photo is 10 cm across. (Photo by K. -
The Fukang Pallasite: Evidence for Non-Equilibrium Shock Processing
Lunar and Planetary Science XXXVII (2006) 2250.pdf THE FUKANG PALLASITE: EVIDENCE FOR NON-EQUILIBRIUM SHOCK PROCESSING. D. S. Lauretta, D. H. Hill, D. N. Della-Giustina, and M. Killgore. Southwest Meteorite Center, Lunar and Planetary Laboratory, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, [email protected]. Introduction: Pallasites are primarily composed of relatively large (>100 µm) inclusions of silica, Fe- olivine and FeNi-metal. Most researchers agree that metal, and an orthoclase-normative glass (Fig. 2). We this mixture formed after differentiation but before did not observe zoning for Al, Cr, Ca, Mn, or Fe. Ver- solidification of the core of an asteroid. A variety of micular troilite and thin veins of kamacite and troilite origins for pallasites have been put forward, including occur in many olivines. crystallization near the surface of an externally heated The groundmass is mostly kamacite with some oc- asteroid [1]; crystallization of an impact melt [2]; and currences of kamacite mantles surrounding taenite nebular condensation [3]. However, the leading theory cores, rounded taenite adjacent to kamacite, and nu- is that pallasites were generated at the core–mantle merous regions of “comb plessite”. In larger fingers of interface of a differentiated asteroid. Two mechanisms metal, the normal “M”shaped Ni distribution is dis- have been proposed. The first is an equilibrium proc- turbed and chaotic in the center. The trace-element ess, where the intercumulate silicate melt between cu- abundances in bulk Fukang metal are given in Table 1. mulate mantle olivine is replaced by molten metal [4- Schreibersite is enclosed by wide kamacite bands 5].