o/ol 5, :J\[o. 21 'Tuesday, :J\[ovember 7, 1995 Section of 'The Safem 9{,ews bird art1• s h v ch 11 m They've been around for years; 1868 exception with 2 candidates By Alvin Rosenfeld -,, encompass as many people Smithsonian News as possible" and therefore to "straddle as many viewpoints HEN HE ROSE TO as possible," thus occasionally accept the presidential giving a third force the nomination, the delegates chance to unite around a exploded with excitement, neglected cause. yelling, stamping their feEft, Most of the candidates dar­ waving red bandanas. When ing to fight the big two have he tried to silence them, they been relative unknowns repre­ broke into enthusiastic song: senting truly minor organiza­ "Thou wilt not cower in the tions and, as far as the vot­ dust, Roosevelt, 0 Roosevelt! ing public was concerned, Thy gleaming sword shall obscure ideas. Who, for never rust, Roosevelt, 0 example, can identify Lenora Roosevelt!" . B. Fulani, Warren Griffin, When, after 52 minutes William Marra, Ed Winn, Lar­ they calmed down, Theodore ry Holmes, Ron Paul or Willa "Teddy" Roosevelt, Rough Kenoyer? It happens that Rider, war hero, ex-president, they were presidential candi­ conservationist, trustbuster dates in 1988, along with Senator Robert F. Lafollette of Wisconsin is and explorer answered their men named Bush and Duka­ shown in this 1925 photo with his grandson call, drawing his message kis and 10 others. In addition and namesake. 'Fighting Bob' ran for presi­ from the Biblical prophecy of to the perennial Libertarians dent on the Progressive ticket in 1924. The Eugene Victor Debs, the Socialist Party candi­ the approaching final battle and Socialists, they ran on voters decided to 'Keep Cool with Coolidge.' date in 1912, garnered nearly 1 million votes between the forces of good tickets with such names as Smithsonian News Service photos courtesy of out of some 15 million case, cutting into trad­ and evil, shouting, "We stand New Alliance, American Inde­ the Library of Congress and National Portrait itional voting patterns. Woodrow Wilson won at Armageddon, and we pendent, Peace and Freedom, Gallery the election that year. battle for the Lord." Grassroots and Workers Thus, at the convention of League. the tight 1844 election the newly formed Progressive The Vegetarian Party, the changed the electoral college Party in Chicago in August Land Reform Party, the balance and deprived the 1912, began perhaps the most Church of God Bible party, brilliant Henry Clay, the vet­ passionate third party chal­ the single tax party and poor eran Whig politician and lenge to the two party sys­ man's party have all offered statesman from Kentucky, of tem in American history. caruiidates for the highest the top prize. Several third Third parties in the pres­ office in the land. Third party party candidates have won idential steeplechase have candidates have preached millions of votes. been around for 160 years. everything from public own­ Some of the historic causes The last time the voters had ership of railroads to racial that spurred the development a choice of only two candi­ hatred. of important third parties dates for president was back But every now and again would baffle and even offend in 1868 in the aftermath of - in roughly one out of six today's voters. In 1832, the the Civil War. presidential elections - a founders of the very first Keith Melder, curator of new party springs up with a third party, fixated on the political history at the Smith­ candidate or a mission pow­ idea that secret societies were William Wirt was the first. sonian's National Museum of erful enough to strike a publ­ undemocratic and dangerous, presidential candidate of the American History in ic chord and, at least for a frankly called themselves the Anti-Masonic Party, the Washington D.C. and author time, seems to threaten the Anti-Masons. nation's first third party. The of a book, "Hail to the Can­ venerable two party system. In contrast, the American Anti-Masons opposed secret didate" by Smithsonian Insti­ Although- no third party has Party, the next major challen­ societies. Wirt won 7.9 per­ tute Press, points out that ever taken the White House, ger in 1856, developed out of cent of the popular vote in In 1948, former Vice Presi­ historically, a vigorous third Teddy Roosevelt's campaign a secret society and its mem­ the 1832 election. dent Henry A. Wallace ran as bers were called Know- the Progressive Party candi­ party is born when the two changed the balance of power immigrants, and they adopted main parties choose to ignore Nothings because of their date against Harry Truman. for eight yec.rs. a platform demanding no less a budding, but potentially Glen Taylor, a singing cow­ Three former presidents alleged refusal to talk about than· 21 years of residence for volatile, issue. boy and Democratic senator have tried comebacks on the society. But they made no naturalization. The two major parties, he third party tickets. A few secret of their alarm over a from Idaho, was Wallace's explains, naturally seek tci thousand third party votes in flood of Irish and German See Election, page 8 running mate. Associated Press en soup if you've got a touch of alienation. T A TIME WHEN LOVE Moving through the exhibi­ letters are exchanged by tion one begins to recognize computer and laser, an exhibi­ individual authors - from the tion of historical manuscripts meticulous script and elegant, can be an almost jarring remin­ flowery prose of Thomas Jeffer­ der that even the most public son to the sloppy penmanship of documents were once and heartfelt poetry of Ralph handwritten. Wal do Emerson. "From Jackson to Lincoln: One gets the sense of Jeffer­ Democracy and Dissent," at the son the neatly combed aristo­ Pierpont Morgan Library in crat arguing for the common New York City until January 7, farmer. Emerson comes across explores life in America from as a disheveled, absent-minded 1820 to 1860. This period began professor, more interested in Youngsters in the fourth grade at Reilly School in Salem, taught by Florence Miller, are (row with the nation's founders intuition and ethics than in rea­ one, from left) John McQuiston, ?, Melba Dole Gray, Margaret Simon Fried, Kathryn Giffin passing the reins to a new gen­ son and politics, as he Layden, Meta McCave, Louise Theiss Thompson, Margaret Whitacre, Martha Bender, Mae eration and ended with the denounces the materialism of Kircher Hart, Nanee Gibbs Bennett; (row two, left) Olga Zatko Panuska, Anna Belle Cain, country on the verge of civil the new industrial age. Esther Fish, Betty Fifer Calvin, Irene Baltorinic, Jane Woods Patterson, John Panuska, Walter war. The most memorable docu­ Abblett, Wayne Boone,?, Stephen Andrews; (row three, left) John Alesie, Carroll Beck, Dean The exhibition is indeed an ment in the exhibition may Glass, George Gibson, Robert Schwartz, Rhodes, Merle Needham, Cleve Icenhour, ?, ?, ?, interesting history lesson, but well be a poem, "Two - were George Fish. Kathryn Layden the original manuscripts, print­ immortal - /twice ... ", unmis­ ed books, letters, drawings and takably Emily Dickinson. tic approach. The ad, which depicts coffins glass' case, the publisher appa­ engravings on display are also The poet's idiosyncratic use But discovering intriguing with skulls and crossbones, rently thought it necessary to visually as moving as good art. of punctuation, so jolting on a details can be far more interest­ accuses Jackson of executing six explain that white abolitionists Examining John Marshall's printed page, seems intuitive ing than reviewing major polit­ young soldiers for minor had not revised or embellished handwritten decision in the when written in her own hand. ical debates that test how much offenses while he was an Army Douglass' story, as they did U.S. Supreme Court's 1824 case The dashes and hurried you remember from American general during the Creek War many slave narratives of that of "Osborn et al versus the scribble on the small, torn sheet history class. of 1813-1814. earlier period. Bank of the United States" of paper give the appearance of Curious about the nation's somehow links us with the The exhibition invites other a casual note taped on the founders' "original intent"? comparisons to current times. nation's first chief justice, the kitchen door. Inspect the words and phrases Arbaugh-Pearce high court and even the A first edition of Frederick We begin reading quickly Marshall crossed out. Douglass' autobiography country. and innocently, stumbling into And one can't help but proudly proclaims, "Written by Perhaps this cozy feeling of Dickinson's brilliance and orig­ notice, for example, that in 1831 Himself." connection comes from our inality. The effect is disarming. U.S. President Andrew Jackson expecting anything penned in It would take hours to read Not by the usual ghostwriter, longhand to have been written signed his name without a title, we'd think today. But in Dou- everything on display in the RAY J. GREENISEN 332-4401 for our personal benefit. Or exhibition, which examines stamp or return address across OWNER perhaps it's because we have to literary issues and presidential the top of a plain envelope he bend down only inches away elections as well as debates was mailing to a man in Knox­ PERSONAL RECORDS from the original manuscript to over a national bank, slavery, ville, Tenn. The envelope was & PLANNING BOOK decipher the words. states' rights, the temperance stamped "FREE" in red ink Whatever the case, a glimpse movement and other issues of and evidently reached its Because you:r last wishes of authenticity is like hot chick- the time. destination. are so :i.mpo:rtant The library has tried. to make "Coffin Handbill," a poster ,-~ your job easier by displaying for John Quincy Adams' 1828 /' . This FREE short printed excerpts next to presidential campaign against Record each document. Most of these Jackson, shows that negati\ e Book political advertisements existed highlighted passages carry spe­ Allows You To: cial political significance that well before television and relate to the exhibition's thema- radio. • Fill In Vital Information • Pre-Plan Your Funeral • Select The Funeral You Wish What a Pharmacy • Relieve Your Family Of Worry To Do This For The Ones You Love Was Meant Be! Please------send us: Store Hours: D The Family Personal 9-6 Mon.-Fri., 9-1 Sat. Open Mon.-Sat. 6 a.m.to S p.m. Offering Free Delivery and Sunday 7 a.m. to 3 p.m. Record Book Fast Friendly Service • Homemade Soups o Information on Inflation­ ekely and Pies Proof Funeral Pre-Plan o Information about l~l~I funeral costs, procedures Industries Name. ______Address,______250 Pennslvania Ave. City______Salem, Ohio State______.ip __ _

337-3439 ~h~n_e ______------n '.]'esteryears ~ ~ 'Iuesaay, ;\_rrveiiifier 7 1995 ~r, • The week ID history American-Slovak buildin Sunday Russell J. Brown shot down a In 1872, suffragist Susan B. North Korean MiG-15. Anthony was fined $100 for Thursday dates to 1880s Silver home attempting to vote for Presi­ Thirty years ago, on Nov. 9, dent Grant. She never paid the 1965, the great Northeast black­ By Dale E. Shaffer fine. out occurred as several states N JUNE 1955 THE In a letter to "my fellow and parts of Canada were hit I American-Slovak Club Americans," former President by a series of power failures razed its building from the Reagan disclosed he had Alz­ lasting up to 13Yz hours. southwest corner of Wilson heimer's disease. In 1872, fire destroyed nearly Street and South Ellsworth Monday 1,000 buildings in Boston. A venue. The brick structure On Nov. 6, 1860, former Illi­ In 1935, United Mine Work­ dates back to the 1880s, and nois congressman Abraham ers president John L. Lewis and had many different occupants Lincoln defeated three other other labor leaders formed the . through the years. candidates for the presidency Committee for Industrial Orga­ In the 1880s it was the home of the United States. nization as part of the Ameri­ of William Silver, treasurer of In 1900, President McKinley can Federation of Labor. the Silver Mfg. Co. Simeon was re-elected, beating Demo­ In 1938, Nazis looted and Sharp lived there from the cratic challenger William Jen­ burned. synagogues as well as 1890s until his death in 1911. In nings Bryan. Jewish-owned stores and the years thereafter it was used In 1928, in a first, the results houses in Germany and Austria as a funeral parlor, and as a of Herbert Hoover's election in what became known as community house before the victory over Alfred E. Smith Kristallnacht. Memorial Building was com­ were flashed onto an electric pleted in 1924. The Salem The old American-Slovak Club building once stood on the sign outside the New York Friday Council of Social Agencies southwest corner of Wilson Street and South Ellsworth Times building. leased it and their offices there. Avenue. It was razed in June. Tuesday On Nov. 10, 1871, journalist­ explorer Henry M. Stanley In addition, there was a super­ On Nov. 7, 1917, Russia's vised game room for children, built on the south side where a ing was erected to serve the , Bolshevik Revolution took found missing Scottish mission­ ary David Livingstone in centr­ a reading room, library and playground and baseball field church. The structure was used, place as forces led by Vladimir comfort station for out-of-town were once located. The organi­ jointly by both the Baptists and Ilyich Lenin overthrew the pro­ al Africa. Stanley delivered his famous greeting: "Dr. Livings­ people stranded without funds. zation then became known as Methodists, with the Baptists visional government of Alexan­ Office~ for the Red Cross the American-Slovak Club. It using it every fourth Sunday. der Kerensky. tone, I presume?" Livingstone replied: "Yes, and I feel thank­ were located there during the now has a new facility located During other Sabbaths, wor­ In 1874, the Republican Party typhoid epidemic of 1920 and behind where the old building shipping was done in homes. was symbolized as an elephant ful that I am here to welcome you." 1921. The Boy Scouts and Girl once stood. Rev. Thomas Miller was the in a cartoon drawn by Thomas Scouts once had their offices Early in our history - On first minister. Nast in Harper's Weekly. In 1928, Hirohito was enthroned as Emperor of Japan. there, and various clubs met at November 10, 1809 - John In 1973, Congress overrode the house. When area recruits Straughan, co-founder of It was not, however, until President Nixon's veto of the In 1951, direct-dial coast-to­ for Salem's Co. D organized Salem, gave the Baptist Church 1867 that the First and Second War Powers Act, which limits a coast telephone service began and trained in 1917 for World lots numbers 55 and 56, located Baptists united to build their chief executive's power to wage as Mayor M. Leslie Denning of War I, some of them stayed in on the northwest corner of this new church on the southeast war without congressional Englewood, _N.J., called his this building before being intersection. A small log church corner of Main (State) St. and approval. counterpart in Alameda, Calif. shipped to Camp Sheridan in was built on the corner (lot 55), Lincoln Ave. That structure Wednesday Alabama. and then replaced in 1820 with (part of which still stands) was In 1793, the Louvre began Saturday The building was purchased a small brick building. A completed in 1869. On April 5, admitting the public, even In 1620, 41 Pilgrims aboard by the Czecho-Slovak Educa­ cemetery was established just 1947 a fire destroyed the inter­ though the French museum the Mayflower, anchored off tion Club in 1924 from the north of the church (present ior of the building. A new had been officially open since Massachusetts, signed a com­ Salem Community Service for site of Church Budget). church was then erected at August. pact calling for a "body poli­ $7,000. In 1914 an addition was Ten years later a frame build- 1290 E. State St. In 1923, Adolf Hitler tick" to enact "just and equal launched his first attempt at laws." seizing power with a failed In 1831, former slave Nat coup in Munich, Germany, that Turner, who had led a violent Paleontologists in dispute over came to be known as the "Beer­ insurrection, was executed in Hall Putsch." Jerusalem, Va. In 1950, during the Korean In 1939, Kate Smith first sang Tyrannosaurus rex' short arm.s conflict, the first jet-plane battle Irving Berlin's "God Bless By Associated Press about as long as the average females during sex." took place as U.S. Air Force Lt America" on network radio. · length of a man's arm. The arms also may have been ID TYRANNOSAURUS Jack Horner, curator of simply for display, just as the D rex use its tiny arms for paleontology at the Museum of flightless ostrich uses its wings for fighting, loving or nothing the Rockies in Bozeman, Mont., for show, Holtz said. at all? argues T. rex's forelimbs may Millions of years after the have simply been a vestige of Another paleontologist offers last tyrant lizard disappeared, an evolutionary ancestor. a different explanation. the world's foremost paleonto- Kenneth Carpenter of the "The forelimbs may have logists are trying to figure out Denver Museum of Natural been specialized for doing why the dinosaur's arms were History disagrees. something we don't have a only 3 feet long when the rest Carpenter said he believes modern explanation for," said was so big. the well-developed forelimb Dan Chute of Dinosaur Nation­ "It's a hotly debated topic. muscles show the T. rex used al Monument on the Utah­ Paleontologists call each other the arms to grab its prey and Colorado state line. names over it," said the Carne- impale the animal with its The question is just one of gie Museum's K. Christopher claws before killing with its many about T. rex puzzling Beard, one of about 700 scien- teeth. paleontologists. tists at the Society of Vertebrate Thomas R. Holtz Jr. of the "We don't know what color Paleontology meeting last week University of Maryland doubts' they were, what sounds they in Pittsburgh. the forelimbs were used for made," Carpenter said. T. rex roamed parts of west- grappling or holding because Scientists also disagree on ern North America about 70 the bone structure shows they whether the T. rex was primari­ million years ago. The towering had a limited range of ly a hunter or a scavenger, Colonial Williamsburg Foundation has acquired a circa 1800 meat-eater stood nearly 20 feet movement. whether it was warmblooded chest believed to be decorated by Shenandoah Valley folk tall, weighed between 6 and 8 But he said other scientists or coldblooded and whether it artist Johannes Spitler. The price: $345,500, a record for tons, and had powerful hind think the males may have used hopped or moved with a lop­ painted furniture. Associated Press photo legs. But the arms were only the forelimbs "to steady ing "Groucho Marx" stride. ']1estenjears Tuesaa_q, 9i_ovmiber i 1995 • • ar llll ecli es • ID ite t se nee By Associated Press enough to wait for any man." his magic in December 1895. HE TABLE WAS SET But his fans haven't. "Police Entertained by a Twith black linen, handcu­ Clasping hands around a Stranger Who Unfastens Any ffs and a bust of magician Har­ table, about 300 Houdini buffs Pair of Handcuffs Put on Him," ry Houdini. But the guest of from as far away as Dallas and blared the next day's edition of honor was a no-show. Seattle crowded into the the Holyoke Daily Democrat. The master escape artist, who Holyoke, Massachusetts City "That was his first real men­ died of an appendicitis in Hall the night of October 31 tion in the press," said Sidney Detroit on All Hallow' s · Eve and listened as a medium Radner, a master magician who 1926, never said he could come opened the seance by ringing now owns most of the surviv­ back from beyond the grave. chimes three times to call Hou­ ing Houdini memorabilia. And, to date, his spirit has dini's spirit. "He was one of the greatest steered clear of his official It was only fitting that the showmen of all time," Radner annual traveling seance. traveling seance return to the said. "Just look around. Sixty­ Houdini's widow gave up , candlelit ballroom of City Hall, nine years after his death he early, declaring, according to where a century ago, the can still fill the hall. That's a legend, "Ten years is long 21-year-old Houdini performed

Jerry Fabris, curator of sound recordings for Edison National Historic Site, looks over three wax cylinders at the facility in West Orange, New Jersey recorded on the first perfected Thomas Edison phonograph of 1888. Lost but recently dis­ covered among millions of jumbled documents and devices awaiting preservation, the wax cylinder on the far left bears the first known recording of Edison's voice made in the late 1880s Tvhen he was perfecting the phonograph. Associated Press Curator finds early

Edison voice record The Inner Circle members perform the official Houdini seance at the ballroom of the Holyok By Associated Press more than 1,300 U.S. and fore­ City Hall in Massachusetts last week, marking the 69th anniversary of Harry Houdini's death URATORS CATALOG­ ign patents, died in 1931. He on Halloween. The ballroom gave the first class showman his first headlines a century ago. Cing the millions of doc­ invented the phonograph in Magician Houdin, the guest of honor, was a no show. uments and devices that Tho­ 1877, but shelved the device for mas Alva Edison left behind in a decade while perfecting the West Orange, New Jersey have electric light bulb and other turned up the earliest known contraptions. Fight waged to keep Hornet recording of his voice. Bearing the unrevealing label Researchers believ1:. the "No. 3 Edison New York­ By The Associated Press Coast," said Bob Rogers of once home to its even more 154-second recording was Chicago Buffalo etc.," the FLAG EMBLAZONED Berkeley, California, project famous namesake. among many used to demons­ recording was recently found A "Don't Give Up the Ship" coordinator for the Aircraft The first Hornet set sail from trate the new technology to among 10,000 similar cylinders, waves defiantly from the USS Carrier Hornet Foundation. Pier 2 in March 1942, carrying prominent people. 25,000 plastic discs and several Hornet. Veterans and World The foundation hopes to con­ 16 B-25 Mitchell Bombers des­ On it, the inventor talks tinfoil recordings at Edison's War II buffs are fighting to vince the Navy that there is tined for Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolit­ about an around-the-world trip sprawling laboratory, now the keep it flying. enough money and enthusiasm tle's bombing raid on Tokyo. beginning and ending in New to preserve the Hornet. Suppor­ The Japanese destroyed the car­ Edison National Historic Site. The Hornet faces a rendezv­ York, ticking off cities, ships "There are other recordings ters did not have an estimate rier at the battle of Santa Cruz and trains and joking about ous with the scrap heap in on the amount of money on Oct. 26, 1942. of him speaking, but what's Alameda, California this being "a little off on my exciting about this one is it's so needed. The Navy wanted to avenge geography." month, but supporters want to The carrier was tagged for full of energy," said Jerry turn it into the only aircraft car­ the loss so much it changed the In a high-pitched voice, Edi­ Fabris, the site's curator of scrap earlier this year at a San name of a carrier that was son addresses someone named rier museum on the West Francisco shipyard. But Capt. sound recordings. "When he's Coast. under construction to the Hor­ Blain.e, apparently James Gilles­ very old, he sounds weak and Jim Dodge, commanding offic­ net. The crew was rushed pie Blaine, a congressman, two­ not as energetic as you'd expect Three of the 24 Essex class er of the Alameda Naval Air through a shakedown cruise of time secretary of state and Edison to be." carriers that fought in World Station, won a reprieve in May, only 14 days, instead of the perennial presidential candi­ Another recording in the col­ War II have been turned into staving off the cutter' Sdorch usual four to five weeks. date. He signs off with the lection is of operetta composer museums: the USS Intrepid in and bringing the Hornet home words: "Goodbye, Edison." Sir Arthur Sullivan offering his New York City, the USS York­ for a few months of public dis­ In 16 months of combat, the The wax cylinder recording reaction to the phonograph: town in Charleston, S.C., and play. The stay ends Oct. 23. new Hornet earned seven battle was apparently made in 1888, "Astonished at the wonderful the USS Lexington in Corpus The Hornet destroyed 1,410 stars and a Presidential Unit when Edison was 41. Previous­ power you have developed and Christi, Texas. Japanese planes and sent over Citation. It went on to become ly, the earliest known recording terrified at the thought that so "We want to see the Hornet 1.2 million tons of enemy ship­ a recovery ship for the Apollo dated to 1906, when he was 59. much bad music may be put on turned into the premier air, sea ping to the bottom. Today it 11 and Apollo 12 moon Edison, who accumulated record forever." and space museum on the West sits at the air station's Pier 2, missions.

------~ 'Yesteryears ~~ ....._ __'1i_ues_aa_y,_9l!_ovWIJj_er_7_19_95_.-

Salem physician built machines local, foreign hospital use By M. Miller YEAR 1995 FOR THE city of Salem marks the 100-year anniversary of the Women's Suffrage Movement, the establishment of the Salem Public Library and the Salem Elks Lodge. In conjunction with these local events, this month marks the 100-year anniversary of the discovery of x-rays. Wilhelm Roentgen acciden­ tally discovered this "x-light" while conducting an experi­ ment in his laboratory at Wurz­ burg University in Germany. Throughout the years, many noted physicians have contri­ buted to the science of Roent­ genology with their ideas and inventions. One such physician was Dr. Stanton Heck, born October 6, 1862 in the Unity Township Dr. Stanton Heck built the Columbiana County. Dr. Heck first x-ray machine west of graduated in 1889 from the New York City. Dr. Heck Medical College of Ohio, now was 86 when he died in 1948. known as the University of Photos taken from a Salem Cincinnati. After spending sev­ News supplement markinp_ eral summers doing postgradu~ Salem Community Hospitals ate and research work at Bel­ 50th anniversary, published levue Hospital in New York on September 13, 1963. City and the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, Dr. Heck lished the x-ray department on set up his practice in Salem in the third floor of what was 1892. then known as Salem City Hospital. Somewhat of an inventor, Dr. A prominent pioneer in the Heck set up his practice in field of Roentgenology, Dr. Salem in 1892. Somewhat of an Heck, taking an idea conceived inventor, Dr. Heck built and long before, also constructed a operated the first (common) double-tube x-ray machine in single tube x-ray machine west May of 1917. This devise, of New York City. This unit termed a stereoscopic fluoro­ was used in the x-ray clinic he scope, would enable a surgeon had at his Lincoln A venue to visualize foreign material Pioneer x-ray specialist at Salem City Hospital, Dr. Stanton Heck built this stereoscopic office as well as a second unit embedded in the human body. fluoroscope. Crudely built compared to modem hospital laborafo:ry equipment, the device he built for the same purpose. Through this method, a sur­ was successful. pr. Heck also supervised the geon could direct his instru­ machines were constructed in Cross in France for use in car­ began in the city of Salem with building of a simila:- machiYle ments for the precise removal local plants. ing for American, British and a local physician who was for the first time use in a hospi­ of such foreign material. The The original machine was French soldiers wounded dur­ looking for a better way to treat tal in Cleveland. This was all primary use of this machine placed in Salem City Hospital ing World War I. the sick an injured. done prior to x-ray equipment was for the removal of bu.:lets where the first successful oper­ The field of radiology has Judy Miller is staff radiogra­ being mass produced and and shrapnel. Under the order ation was to remove a bullet greatly advanced through the pher at Salem Community placed on the market. Then in of W.H. Mullins, a well known from a boy's foot. The other ideas and inventions of inno­ Hospital and is president of 1913 Dr. Heck purchased a Salem manufacturer, and the units were shipped to a hospi­ vated people. It is interesting to the Tri-County Society of manufactured unit and estab- direction of Dr. Heck, several tal in Cleveland and to the Red know that such· advancement Radiologic Technologists. Ro In ood's herwood Forest shrinking By Associated Press the wood takes a mere 20 woodland covering less than Costner or Errol Flynn jumping the government's Forestry minutes with nary a glimpse of three-quarters of a square mile out of that tree," said Ian Commission and private dona­ HERWOOD FOREST IN is all that remains of the patch­ Edwinstowe, England, deer. Cameron, 39, of Dearborn, tions, Brady said. S "People come here expecting work of forest and heath that Mich., one of the million visi­ Brady, 33, hopes that by the once the fabled haunt of social­ once stretched 20 miles from ly conscious thieves and a vil­ more. The forest has all but dis­ tors a year. end of his life, new forest will appeared," said Austin Brady, Nottingham to Worksop in a Cameron said he was sur­ have grown to nearly 4 square lainous sheriff, is hardly big swath 5 to 8 miles across. enough to hide Friar Tuck director of the Sherwood Initia­ prised by the size of one of the miles and more than 2.5 million tive, a government-financed At its heart is a visitors cen­ world's most famous forests. "I trees will have been planted. these days. ter with trails that lead to Timbering, farming, coal program set up to replant and thought it would be big, real "The new trees will first be protect the forest. sprawling 1,000-year-old Major big. But it's still nice." carefully planted in strategic mining and urban sprawl have Oak, where Robin Hood and cut the once majestic broad-leaf Brady hopes to restore the The Sherwood Initiative locations around roads and forest, but his success will his Merry Men were reputed to plans to spend nearly $40 mil­ footpaths to create avenues of forest down to a single stand of have hidden from the Sheriff of ancient woodland, barely depend on persuading private lion to replant oaks, silver bir­ forest," he said. "These Nottingham. enough for a decent chase landowners to plant trees. ches and yews of Sherwood avenues will in turn connect "I can just imagine Kevin larger areas of forest." scene. In fact, a walk through A single stand of ancient Forest. Funds will come from 'Y'esteryears 'Tuesifay, 9{_11Vemoer 7 1995

Ill In The two party system, Mel­ ty to the big parties substan­ HE ODDS AGAINST A ballots but more than enough Coolidge" the fiery Lafollette der points out, virtually tially weakened and "parti­ T third party presidential electoral votes. received 4.8 million ballots, 16.6 broke down in 1860 when sanship ... far less relevant candidate are great. But Keith 1892: The People's Party or percent of the total. the nation tragically ran out than media exposure." Seeing Melder, curator of political his­ Populists, formed in response 1948: The States Rights of compromises on the intert­ a parallel, Mazmanian says tory at the Smithsonian's to cries of distress from Democratic Party (dubbed the wined issues of slavery, states that the news media gave National Museum of American depressed farmers and indust­ Dixiecrats), reacting to Presi­ rights and whether or not the Anderson a mighty boost and History, says in nine elections rial workers, campaigned dent Truman's civil rights federal union was indivisible. 12 years later has given polit­ during the past 160 years there against tight credit, hard cur­ proposals, nominated South The gulf was so great that ical legitimacy to Ross Perot have been serious challenges to rency and "government of, by Carolina Governor Strom Thur­ the voters were presented "instantaneously." But he also the two party system. and for Wall Street," demand­ mond and campaigned on . a with four experienced pres­ notes that Anderson, starting 1832: The new Anti-Masonic ing an increase in paper curren­ segregationist platform. Mean­ idential candidates and four out like a house afire, quickly Party, which considered secret cy and free coinage of while, yet another version of conflicting prescriptions to faded. societies to be "aristocratic" silver.The Populist candidate, the Progressive Party was cure the raging national fever. Most third parties turn out horrors, nominated a former Civil War veteran and Iowa formed on the left by former Lincoln won with a mere 40 to be ephemeral, the Smithso­ attorney general, the modest Congressman James B. Weaver, Vice President Henry A. Wal­ percent of the popular vote; a nian's Melder claims. Lacking William Wirt, attracted various gained 8.6 percent of the popu­ lace and other opponents of month later, South Carolina organization and healthy groups opposed to Andrew lar vote. Truman's "get tough" policy declared the union "dissol­ bank accounts and bucking Jackson and gained a respect­ 1912: Ex-president Theodore toward Soviet Russia. Thur­ ved" and the fraternal war the electoral college odds, able 7.8 percent of the popular Roosevelt, convinced that his mond took 1.7 million votes became inevitable. they tend to fade away when vote. handpicked successor, William and 39 electoral votes, while The 1912 campaign was their platform issues grow 1856: The American Party, or Howard Taft, had betrayed his Wallace won 1.1 million ballots also bitterly disputed. Having stale, are dealt with or taken Know-Nothings, adopting the progressive program, sought to and no electoral votes. retired from th~ presidency in over by one of the major slogan "Americans must rule wrest the Republican nomina­ 1909, Roosevelt went off on a 1968: George C. Wallace, for­ parties. Even Teddy Roosevelt America," appealed to nativist tion away from him. Forming 10 month, Smithsonian spon­ mer governor of Alabama, gave up, saying there were voters angered by an influx of his own progressive party, he sored expedition in Africa, "no loaves or fishes" - no Irish and German immigrants. campaigned for a "New formed the American Indepen­ and then on a triumphal dence Party and campaigned miracles - to keep the Prog­ But the party's candidate, for­ Nationalism," emphasizing fed­ European tour. He returned ressives alive, and returned to mer president Millard Fillmore, eral regulation of business and across the country on a plat­ to find that his hand picked form of law and order and the GOP. A few third parties placed more emphasis on the other reforms. Roosevelt won successor, William Howard are long lived: The Socialist­ need to preserve the union, 27.4 percent of the vote, there­ opposition to racial integration Taft, had abandoned T. R's in schooling and housing. He Labor Party holds the record, winning 21.5 percent of the by assuring the election of the progressive policies. Still having contested 22 elections. popular vote. Democratic Woodrow 'Wilson won a significant 13.6 percent ambitious, boastfully self­ of the popular ballot. 1860: The Democrats, hope­ and his "New Freedom." The described as "fit as a bull Fade outs or not, third par­ lessly divided on the linked Socialist Eugene V. Debs also 1980: Illinois Congressman moose" and relatively young, ties have changed America. issues of slavery and states mounted a strenuous cam­ John B. Anderson, failing in an Roosevelt tried to wrest the They were the first to cam­ rights, split in two, with Ste­ paign, delivering hundreds of effort to win the Republican 1912 GOP nomination from paign for a number of prog­ p hen Douglas, the "Little passionate speeches, and won nomination, campaigned on a Taft and, failing, led his rams now irreplaceably part Giant" from Illinois, represent­ six percent of the ballots. National Unity ticket, combin­ many followers into a new of the system. The People's ing the regular party and seek­ 1924: The revived Progressive ing fiscal conservatism with progressive party, known as Party, or Populists, and the ing compromise, while a South­ party nominated Republican advocacy of gun control and the Bull Moose Party. Socialists championed against ern breakaway faction nomi­ Sen. Robert F. "Fighting Bob" the Equal Rights Amendment. A campaign of sheer vitriol slavery. In 1872, the Prohibi­ nated John Breckenridge of Lafollette of Wisconsin and He called GOP c·andidate followed. Roosevelt called tionists' presidential candidate Kentucky. The 6-year-old fought "to break the power of Ronald Reagan a product of Taft a "fathead" and a "puz­ campaigned for that "noble Republican Party chose Abra­ the private monopolistic system "18th Century Fox" and said zlewit." The usually mild­ experiment," a ban on the ham Lincoln and a ban on over the economic and political President Jimmy Carter "stands mannered Taft grew so angry sale of liquor. Victoria Claflin extension of slavery into the ·life of the American people." for a failed presidency." Ander­ that he labeled the Progres­ Woodhull of the Equal Rights frontier territories. Lincoln won Though a majority of voters son garnered 5.7 million votes, sives a " religious cult with a Part¥ made history as the only 40 percent of the popular decided to "Keep Cool with or seven percent of the total. fakir at the head of it." In first woman candidate for the end, they simply canceled · president 120 years ago by each other out, and the aus­ campaigning for women's tere Democratic candidate suffrage. Connecticut Valley Railroad started Woodrow Wilson sailed in with less than a majority The Socialists hit the cam­ vote. paign trail for old-age pen­ after war when Grant was president sions, unemployment insur­ With one tantalizing excep­ ance and the five day work By Marty Reichenthal The return trip fared no bet­ unteer railroad buffs obtained a ter. An earth cut had partially tion, all the other big time week. Third parties were the AP photographer charter from the state Legisla­ third-party challengers harped collapsed since morning and ture to establish a rail museum first to beat the drums for HEY'VE GOT A TRAIN buried a large section of track. on a single issue - control direct elections of senators along the old Valley line. And of big business, states rights, T in Essex, Connecticut that It wasn't until a month later, in 100 years after that first train, and regulation of the runs on love. · August 1871, that the railroad segregation or .soft money. railroads. the Valley Railroad began regu­ The exception was John Not that it's going anywhere was officially opened with 12 lar weekend service. Daily ser­ in particular. But it's fun. And Anderson, the Republican As the country moves tow­ cars. vice began in 1972. ard the 1996 presidential elec­ the countryside a 1 ~::g the Con­ congressman from Illinois Kept alive by wealthy citi­ tion year, it might be fitting necticut River is pretty. zens who established summer Today the little line attracts who campaigned in 1980 on Born shortly after the Civil a National Unity ticket and to remember that a third par­ homes along the beachfront, almost 153,000 tourists a year. ty - the Anti-Masons - War, when steamboats plied the line couldn't make it and The staff of 68 has the help of a impresses some voters more the river, when railroads were with his sincerity, intelligence held the very first national went into receivership when corps of volunteers, including political convention and that opening up the West, when the company defaulted on its an engineer whose day job is and moderation than with his Ulysses S. Grant was president, platform. . third parties were the first to mortgage. It was formally president of a construction advocate primary elections. the Connecticut Valley Railroad merged into the New Haven firm, a female conductor who is Anderson capitalized on a ran only 45 miles, and the cere­ Railroad system in 1892. The a lawyer, and a fireman who is political malaise rather than a monial trip took six and a half tiny, rural branchline never had a computer expert. single specific issue, in the view of Professor Daniel A. hours from Saybrook Point to the commercial base and traffic First White House nuptials the state Capitol at Hartford. It to stay alive. In 1968, the last They all love the days of the Mazmanian, director of the The first White House wed­ Center for Politics and Policy ding took place in 1812 as Lucy took so long with its load of train ran through Essex, Deep steam locomotive and are dignitaries because a 100-foot River and Chester. determined to preserve that at Claremont College in Payne Washington, sister-in­ section of track had to be history forever. They have California. law of President James Madi­ bolted into place. Someone had When the New Haven went refurbished the old equipment Mazmanian describes ours son, married Supreme Court overlooked it. out of business, a group of vol- with painstaking care. as a "media age," with loyal- Justice Thomas Todd.