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Glyphis Garricki Sp. Nov., a New Species of River Shark

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Glyphis Garricki Sp. Nov., a New Species of River Shark Descriptions of new Australian chondrichthyans 203 Glyphis garricki sp. nov., a new species of river shark (Carcharhiniformes: Carcharhinidae) from northern Australia and Papua New Guinea, with a redescription of Glyphis glyphis (Müller & Henle, 1839) Leonard J.V. Compagno1, William T. White2 & Peter R. Last2 3Shark Research Center, Iziko – Museums of Cape Town, Cape Town 8000, SOUTH AFRICA 2CSIRO Marine & Atmospheric Research, GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas 7001, AUSTRALIA ABSTRACT.— Glyphis garricki sp. nov. (formerly Glyphis sp. C) is formally named and described based on 16 specimens collected from heavy tidal zones and rivers in northern Australia (Western Australia and Northern Territory) and Papua New Guinea. Glyphis garricki differs from its congeners by a combination of dentition, vertebral counts, morphometrics and coloration. It is compared closely to the morphologically similar Glyphis glyphis (formerly Glyphis sp. A) that has a similar range. Comparison of the stuffed holotype of Carcharias (Prionodon) glyphis with specimens of Glyphis sp. A from northern Australia and Papua New Guinea suggests that they are conspecifc, and a redescription of Glyphis glyphis is provided based on all of these specimens. Key words. Carcharhinidae – Glyphis garricki – Glyphis glyphis – new species – northern Australia – Papua New Guinea PDF contact: [email protected] INTRODUCTION C. (P.) gangeticus Müller & Henle 1839 (from the Ganges River in India), from Carcharhinus without assigning The genus Glyphis was proposed by Agassiz (1843) them to a separate genus. Garrick noted that these two for a living species of carcharhinid shark (Family species were close to each other, but that Carcharias Carcharhinidae), Carcharias (Prionodon) glyphis, murrayi Günther, 1883 (from the Indus River delta of which had been described by Müller & Henle (1839) Pakistan) and Carcharias siamensis Steindachner, 1896 from a single stuffed specimen without locality but with (from the Irrawaddy River delta of Myanmar) were distinctive spear-shaped (hastate) lower anterior teeth, also similar species. Compagno (1984) revived Glyphis small eyes and a large second dorsal fn. Agassiz also as a genus for C.(P.) glyphis and C.(P.) gangeticus, but described a new British Eocene fossil species, G. hastalis, noted that there were additional species represented by from isolated teeth but didn’t name a type species for his specimens from Borneo, New Guinea and Queensland new genus while specifying that it contained both the (Australia) reported by Prof. J.A.F. Garrick (pers. comm., living and fossil species. Glyphis takes C. (P.) glyphis as to senior author). Compagno (1984) proposed the name type species by absolute tautonymy. ‘river sharks’ for Glyphis species because the Ganges shark and other species were associated with tropical Glyphis was seldom used by subsequent authors and was rivers including deltas in the Indo–West Pacifc. occasionally misinterpreted as being based only on the fossil G. hastalis or as being a senior synonym of the blue Compagno (2005) recognised three nominal species shark genus Prionace Cantor, 1849. A detailed account in the genus Glyphis: G. gangeticus, G. glyphis and of the nomenclatural history of Glyphis can be found in G. siamensis, plus two or three undescribed species. Compagno (1979, 1988, 2003). Compagno (1979) noted More recently, Compagno et al. (2005), recognised six that Glyphis had as type-species the living Carcharias species, G. gangeticus from India and possibly Pakistan, (Prionodon) glyphis by absolute tautonymy, and initially G. glyphis from Papua New Guinea and possibly the Bay placed Glyphis in synonymy of Carcharhinus Blainville, of Bengal, G. siamensis from Burma, G. sp. A [sensu 1816. Garrick (1982, 1985) revised Carcharhinus and Last & Stevens, 1994] from northern Australia, G. sp. excluded C. (P.) glyphis and a second similar species, B [sensu Compagno & Niem, 1998] from Borneo, and 204 G. sp. C [sensu Compagno & Niem, 1998] from northern Sabah, Malaysia; LWF, L.W. Filewood feld numbers Australia and New Guinea. Compagno et al. (2005) for specimens collected in Papua New Guinea; MNHN, provided a character table for Glyphis species and noted Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris; NMW, that G. sp. A may be the same as G. glyphis with similarly Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna; NTM, Museum large teeth and low tooth counts, but differences in and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory, Darwin, dentition were possibly due to changes with growth. Australia; SAM, South African Museum, Cape Town; QM, Queensland Museum, Brisbane, Australia; WAM, The present account reviews the species of Glyphis from Western Australian Museum, Perth, Australia; ZMB, Australia and provides a formal name and description of Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt Universitat, Berlin, Glyphis sp. C as G. garricki sp. nov. after its discoverer, Germany; ZSI, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. Prof. J. A. F. Garrick. Collection of a series of Glyphis sp. A from Australia and Papua New Guinea and comparison with the stuffed holotype of Carcharias (Prionodon) FAMILY CARCHARHINIDAE Jordan & glyphis suggests that these represent a single species, Evermann, 1896 G. glyphis. Genus Glyphis Agassiz, 1843 METHODS Type species. Carcharias (Prionodon) glyphis Müller & Terminology for morphology follows Compagno Henle, 1839, by absolute tautonymy. (1973, 1979, 1988, 2001, 2003), Compagno & Springer (1971), Compagno et al. (2005) and Taylor et al. (1983). SPECIES.— Glyphis includes at least fve species: Measurement terminology is from Compagno (1984, G. garricki Compagno, White & Last, 2008; 2001, 2003) who assigned names and abbreviations to G. gangeticus (Müller & Henle, 1839); G. glyphis measurements often indicated by descriptive phrases (Müller & Henle, 1839); G. siamensis (Steindachner, (example: snout to upper caudal origin = precaudal 1896); and G. sp. B [sensu Compagno & Niem, 1998]. length = PRC). Dentitional terms are modifed from Carcharias murrayi Günther 1883 (from the Indus River Compagno (1970, 1979, 1988, 2001, 2003). Vertebral delta of Pakistan) is a possible synonym of G. gangeticus terminology, method of counting and vertebral ratios or a distinct species but its holotype, a stuffed specimen in follow Springer & Garrick (1964) and Compagno the collection of the Natural History Museum, is possibly (1970, 1979, 1988, 2003), including ‘A’ ratio (length of lost (O. Crimmen, J. Macclaine, pers. comm.) and could penultimate monospondylous precaudal centrum/ length not be located during a search for it in 2007. of frst diplospondylous precaudal centrum x 100) and ‘B’ ratio (length/width of penultimate monospondylous precaudal centrum x 100). Glyphis garricki sp. nov. The holotype and 6 paratypes of Glyphis garricki were Figs 1–6, 13b; Tables 1 and 2 measured in full (Table 1), and the holotype and 8 other specimens of G. glyphis were also measured in full Glyphis sp. C: Compagno & Niem, 1998: pp 1318, 1360, fg. (Table 3). Morphometric and meristic values for the 23; Thorburn & Morgan, 2004: pp 1–8, fgs 2–4; Compagno et holotype are followed in parentheses by the ranges of the al., 2005: pp 312, 313, pl. 55. paratypes in the descriptive section. Meristics were taken from radiographs or by dissection of the holotype and 7 Holotype. CSIRO H 5262–01, female 670 mm TL, paratypes, 3 additional specimens and 4 other specimens East Alligator River, Kakadu National Park, Northern (one from Taniuchi et al., 1991; LWF–E–227, LWF–E– Territory, 12°07′ S, 132°38′ E, 09 Jun 1999. 294, WAM P 32597–001) of Glyphis garricki and from Paratypes. 8 specimens: CSIRO H 6173–01 (jaws), the holotype (caudal fn only) and 8 other specimens of female 1770 mm TL, northeast of entrance to Cambridge G. glyphis. Counts were obtained separately for trunk Gulf, Western Australia, 14°42′ S, 128°34′ E, 22 (monospondylous), precaudal (monospondylous + Oct 2003; CSIRO H 6635–01 (jaws), adult male ca. diplospondylous to origin of upper lobe of caudal fn) and 1450 mm TL, South Alligator River, 3 km downstream caudal (centra of the caudal fn) vertebrae (Tables 2 and from 12º39′ S, 132º29′ E, 11 m depth, jaws, 10 May 4). Tooth row counts were taken in situ, from radiographs 1996; SAM uncatalogued (previously WAM P 32600– or from excised jaws. 001) (chondrocranium, jaws, pelvic fn skeleton, pectoral girdle), juvenile female 1350 mm TL, King Sound, Western Specimens, including types, are referred to by the Australia, ca. 17°13′ S, 123°40′ E, 09 June 2003; WAM following prefxes for their registration numbers: CSIRO, P 32598–001, juvenile male 906 mm TL, Doctors Creek, Australian National Fish Collection, Hobart; KTG, Derby, Western Australia, 17°13′ S, 123°40′ E, 07 Jun feld numbers, Darwin Initiative Sabah elasmobranch 2003; WAM P 32599–001, female 957 mm TL, Doctors program and SMEC, Sabah Museum, Kota Kinabalu, Creek, Derby, Western Australia, 17°13′ S, 123°40′ E, 06 Descriptions of new Australian chondrichthyans 205 Jun 2003; WAM P 32600–001 (3 specimens), adult male almost pear-shaped in section at frst dorsal-fn base, 1418 mm TL, juvenile male 1191 mm TL, juvenile male length of trunk from ffth gill slits to vent 1.13 (1.16–1.24) 1022 mm TL, King Sound, Western Australia, ca. 17°13′ times head length. Predorsal, interdorsal and postdorsal S, 123°40′ E, 09 June 2003. ridges absent from midline of back, lateral ridges absent Other material. 7 specimens: LWF–E227, juvenile male from body. Caudal peduncle stout, rounded-hexagonal 720 mm TL, LWF–E294, juvenile male 720 mm TL, in section at second dorsal-fn insertion, postdorsal and New Guinea (specimens lost but radiographs, drawings postventral spaces fattened and often with a shallow and photos provided by Prof. J.A.F. Garrick); LWF– median groove anteriorly, lateral surfaces subangular and E217 (jaws, supplied by P. Kailola), adult male ca. 1500– with a broad, low, inconspicuous lateral ridge on each 1700 mm TL, LWF–E219 (jaws, supplied by J.A.F. side at middle of the peduncle that extends anteriorly to Garrick), Port Romilly, New Guinea, 07°40′ S, 144°50′ the pelvic-fn midbases and posteriorly onto the caudal-fn E, 12 Mar 1966; LWF–E473 (jaws, supplied by P.
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