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Olyra and the New Segregate Genus Parodiolyra (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae)

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Olyra and the New Segregate Genus Parodiolyra (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae) SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY NUMBER 69 A Revision of the Genus Olyra and the New Segregate Genus Parodiolyra (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae) Thomas R. Soderstrom and Fernando 0. Zuloaga SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS Washington, D.C. 1989 ABSTRACT Soderstrom, Thomas R., and Fernando 0. Zuloaga. A Revision of the Genus Olyra and the New Segregate Genus Parodiolyra (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae). Smithsonian Contribu- tions to Botany, number 69, 79 pages, 46 figures, 2 appendices, 1989.-The herbaceous bambusoid genus Olyra is revised. Four new South American species are described Olyra amapana, 0. latispicula, 0. retrorsa, and 0. tamanquareana. Three species of Olyra were found to differ significantly from the rest of the genus in possessing the following combination of characters: weak, scandent culms; filiform female spikelet pedicels; female spikelets that fall entire, have a pulvinate internode between the inflated glumes, and a stipitate anthecium; and a hilum that does not extend for the entire length of the caryopsis. The segregate genus Parodiolyra is established to accomodate these species, and the new combinations P. lateralis, P. luetzelburgii, and R ramosissima are proposed. The new genus may share affinities with Raddiella and Diandrolyra rather than Olyra. Keys to the species in both genera are presented, as well as complete descriptions, field photographs, and distribution maps. Scanning electron microscope studies of the surface of the female anthecia yielded characters of taxonomic significance. These are illustrated and incorporated in the key. Two appendices account for all names that have been published in the genus Olyra. OFFICIAL PUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIES COVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllum japonicum Siebold & Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Sodastrom, Thomas R. A revision of the genus Olyra and the new segregate genus Parodiolyra (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae). (Smithsonian contributions to botanv<. : no. 69) Bibliography: p. 1. Ofyra - Classification. 2. Parodiolyra - Classification. 3. Grasses-Classification. I. Zuioaga, Fernando 0. 11. Title. 1111 Series. QKlS2747 no. 69 [QK495.G74] 581 s-dcl9 [584’.93] 88-22646 CIP Contents Page Preface .......................................... iv Introduction ........................................ 1 Methods and Materials ................................. 1 Acknowledgments ................................... 2 Olyra Linnaeus....................................... 2 Key to the Species of Olyra .............................. 3 1. Olyra amapana Soderstrom & Zuloaga. new species ...............5 2 . Olyra buchtienii Hackel .............................. 8 3. Olyra caudata Trinius ............................... 10 4 . Olyra ciliatifolia Raddi .............................. 12 5 . Olyra ecaudata Doell ...............................14 6 . Olyra fasciculata Trinius ............................. 17 7 . Olyra filiformis Trinius .............................. 19 8 . Olyra glaberrima Raddi .............................. 20 9. Olyra holttumiana Soderstrom & Zuloaga .................... 24 10. Olyra hum’lis Nees von Esenbeck ........................ 24 11 . Olyra juruana Mez ................................ 26 12. Olyra latifolia Linnaeus .............................. 27 13. Olyra latispicula Soderstrom & Zuloaga. new species ..............35 14 . Olyra longifolia Humboldt. Bonpland & Kunth .................35 15. Olyra loretensis Mez ............................... 43 16. Olyra maranonensis Swallen ........................... 46 17 . Olyra micrantha Humboldt. Bonpland & Kunth .................46 18. Olyra obliquifolia Steudel ............................. 52 19. Olyra retrorsa Soderstrorn & Zuloaga. new species ...............54 20 . Olyra standleyi Hitchcock ............................. 57 21 . Olyra tamanquareana Soderstrom & Zuloaga. new species ...........58 22 . Olyra taquara Swallen .............................. 61 23 . Olyra wurdackii Swallen ............................. 63 Parodiolyra Soderstrom & Zuloaga. new genus .................... 64 Key to the Species of Parodiolyra .......................... 65 1. Parodiolyra lateralis @Yes1 ex Nees von Esenbeck) Soderstrom & Zuloaga. new combination .............................66 2 . Parodiolyra luetzelburgii (Pilger) Soderstrom & Zuloaga. new combination ... ........................................... 70 3 . Parodiolyra ramosissima (Trinius) Soderstrom & Zuloaga. new combination ... ............................................ 73 Appendix 1: Names Included in Olyra Linnaeus .................... 76 Appendix 2: Names Excluded from Olyra Linnaeus ..................77 Literature Cited ...................................... 78 ... 111 Preface My first experience with Ulyra came in 1962 on an expedition to Kaieteur Falls in the interior of Guyana (then British Guiana) in northern South America. Large clumps of 0. latifolia were scattered here and there, mostly at the edge of the forest or in clearings where trees had fallen. The unusual grass Pariana, with yellow spike-like inflorescences and spikelets with multiple stamens, was also found here. Both genera looked like bamboos in the field, but when I returned to Washington I found Olyra filed in the herbarium in the Paniceae and Pariana in the Hordeae because of the spike-like inflorescence. I would now include Ulyra and several other genera, including Pariana, in the Olyreae (Soderstrom and Ellis, 1987). On a collection trip to Suriname in 1963, I was impressed by the growth habit of Ulyra luetzelburgii, a clambering plant that grew abundantly at the forest edges abutting a granite outcrop. The plants appeared to be related to Ulyra but differed from it. Later, as part of continuing studies on the different genera of the Olyreae, it became evident that this species and two others that had been included in Olyra, 0. lateralis and 0. ramosissima, formed a natural group that deserved recognition as a separate genus. Here, we name that genus Parodiolyra in honor of the Argentine agrostologist Lorenzo R. Parodi (1895-1966). Several species of Olyra have been transferred to other genera (Arberella, Cryprochloa, Piresia, and Sucrea). With the transfer of three more species to the new genus Parodiolyra, and with the new species herein described, this leaves twenty-three species in Olyra. The visit of Dr. Fernando 0. Zuloaga of the Instituto Danvinion in San Isidro, Argentina, to the Smithsonian in 1982-1983, was a fortuitous event. Dr. Zuloaga came to Washington to continue his studies of New World Panicum. As part of his investigation he made extensive scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies of the surface of the anthecia of all species. He found significant differences in the surface texture and ornamentation, which were most useful in the taxonomy of the genus. An early key to Olyra that Cleofe E. Calderon and I had prepared was based in part on characters of the surface of the female anthecia, but only of those that could be seen with the light microscope. Because of the similar type of anthecium in Ulyra and Panicum, Zuloaga decided to run SEM studies on all species of Olyra. These proved to be quite useful taxonomically, and he extended these studies to the anthecia of other taxa in the tribe Olyreae, including Parodiolyra. The present revision is based on classical and SEM studies. Characters from both approaches are incorporated in the keys. T.R. Soderstrom 22 April 1987 iv A Revision of the Genus Olyra and the New Segregate Genus Parodiolyra (Poaceae: Bambusoideae: Olyreae) Thomas R. Soderstrom and Fernando 0. Zuloaga Introduction woody bamboos (Bambuseae), four herbaceous tribes (Buer- gersiochloeae of New Guinea, and Anomochloeae, Olyreae, The genus Olyra is found throughout the Neotropics. The and Streptochaeteae of the New World) constitute the “core most widespread species is also the type species, 0. latifolia, group” of the subfamily Bambusoideae as recognized by based on a specimen from Jamaica. Kunth (1815), in his system Soderstrom and Ellis (1987). of grass classification, regarded the genus as a distinct group The woody bamboos differ from the herbaceous in their with a relationship to the bamboos, but he was later influenced long-lived woody culms, generally strong rhizomatous nature by Trinius (1826) who aligned the genus with Panicurn. The reasoning of Trinius has persisted into this century, due and complex branching, and propensity to flower only at long primarily to the uncanny similarity of the female spikelets of intervals. Olyra and other herbaceous bamboos usually flowcr the two genera; in both, the female anthecium is usually white each year for longer or shorter periods of time, but, and indurate. In fact, while the female spikelet of Olyra has interestingly, one group of related species (0. taquara, 0. only one floret and two glumes, is monoecious, and has three ecaudata, and 0. standleyi) apparently do not flower every lodicules, in Panicurn two florets are present, with the lower year, and may be monocarpic, as are many woody bamboos. usually male and the upper hermaphroditic, there are only two The phenomenon is like that of the woody bamboos and is lodicules, and the spikelets are bisexual. worth studying in these herbaceous species since it may offcr Following Kunth, one of the first to recognize the bambusoid clues as to the origin of this unique
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