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Redalyc.Isotope Geochronology and Vertebrate Paleontology in Mexico Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas ISSN: 1026-8774 [email protected] Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México México Ferrusquía-Villafranca, Ismael; Ruiz-González, José E. Isotope geochronology and vertebrate paleontology in Mexico: Panorama and critical appraisal Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, vol. 32, núm. 2, 2015, pp. 323-342 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Querétaro, México Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=57240685011 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative REVISTA MEXICANA DE CIENCIAS GEOLÓGICAS Isotope geochronology and vertebratev. paleontology32, núm. 2, 2015, in p. México 323-342 Isotope geochronology and vertebrate paleontology in Mexico: Panorama and critical appraisal Ismael Ferrusquía-Villafranca* and José E. Ruiz-González Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Del. Coyoacán, C.P. 45100, México, D.F., Mexico. * [email protected] ABSTRACT The pliocene GTO 43, Rancho El Ocote, GTO 2D, Garbani, GTO 11, Pantera, GTO 12B, Estancia, GTO 5A, Rancho El Ocote, The combined isotopic/paleontologic approach drove a qualitative GTO 55 sites (CeP), Santa María Amajac, Charo and Buenaventura sites leap in understanding Earth’s geologic history/evolution, yet, in spite (TMVB) record a 4.5–3.5 Ma tectonic/volcanic activity; their Blancan of its early start, it is still not widely used in México. Here we report 28 chronofauna includes numerous South American taxa, disclosing that sites where such an approach was applied; their space/time distribution the Great American Biotic Interchange reached its peak. These sites/ is uneven, leaving morphotectonic provinces and/or geochronologic sequences also carry Late Hemphillian taxa, thus allowing studying intervals little or not studied at all. The sites are located in eight mammalian succession and turnover in central Mexico. morphotectonic provinces, their age spans the Jurassic-Pliocene as Finally, in the 27 reported sites with isotopic ages and studied follows: Baja California Península (BCP), one Cretaceous and one Cretaceous-Tertiary vertebrates, the North American Land Mammal Miocene site. Northwestern Ranges, Basins and Plains (NW), one Age System is proven supporting the uncritical belief that it is appro- Miocene site. Sierra Madre Occidental (SMOc), four Miocene sites. priate to date faunas from Mexico, in spite that this system is based on Central Plateau (CeP), one Late Eocene and eight Miocene/Pliocene mammal faunas from temperate/cold North America. sites. Sierra Madre Oriental (SMOr), one Jurassic and one Miocene sites. Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB), two Miocene and three Key words: Mexico; geochronology; vertebrate paleontology; Cenozoic; Pliocene sites. Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS), one Eocene and three Cretaceous; Jurassic. Miocene sites. Sierra Madre de Chiapas (SMCh), one Miocene site. The Chihuahua-Coahuila sierras, basins and plateaus, Gulf Coastal Plain and Yucatan Platform lack such sites. RESUMEN The Pliensbachian Huizachal site (SMOr) lies in the rift system that split central-eastern Pangea and contains Mexico’s oldest vertebrate El enfoque isotópico/paleontológico combinado impulsó un salto fauna. The Late Campanian El Rosario site (BCP) is located in the cualitativo en el entendimiento de la historia/evolución de la Tierra, namesake Forearc Basin, its fauna shows moderate endemism. The empero, no se utiliza ampliamente en México a pesar de su temprano Cenozoic sites lie in graben structures and record episodes of tectonic inicio. Reportamos aquí 28 sitios donde se empleó este enfoque; su and magmatic activity. The Eocene Marfil (CeP) and Yolomécatl (SMS) distribución espacio/temporal es irregular, quedando provincias mor- sites occur in post-Laramide basins, their Bridgerian and Duchesnian/ fotectónicas y/o intervalos geocronológicos poco o nada estudiados. Chadronian faunas show boreal affinities and strong endemism. The Los sitios yacen en ocho provincias morfotectónicas y abarcan del Early Miocene Tubutama (NW) and Suchilquitongo (SMS) sites record Jurásico al Plioceno: Península de Baja California (BCP), un sitio del tectonic/magmatic activity around 20 Ma, and their faunas display Cretácico y uno del Mioceno. Sierras, cuencas y planicies del Noroeste North American affinities and moderate endemism. (NW), uno del Mioceno. Sierra Madre Occidental (SMOc), cuatro del The Middle Miocene La Purísima (BCP), Matatlán (SMS), El Mioceno. Altiplanicie Central (CeP), uno del Eoceno Tardío y ocho del Camarón (SMS) and Ixtapa (SMCh) sites record tectonic and magmatic Mioceno/Plioceno. Sierra Madre Oriental (SMOr), uno Jurásico y uno activity circa 15 Ma; the three latter ones disclose a volcanic belt del Mioceno. Faja Volcánica Trans-Mexicana (TMVB), dos del Mioceno extending from central Oaxaca to northern Chiapas; their faunas y tres del Plioceno. Sierra Madre del Sur (SMS), uno del Eoceno y tres show North American affinities and evidence local cladogenesis. del Mioceno. Sierra Madre de Chiapas (SMCh), uno del Mioceno. Las The Late Miocene Paso del Águila (SMOr), El Resbalón, Cofradía, cuencas, sierras y mesetas de Chihuahua-Coahuila, Planicie Costera del Tepezalá, El Trapiche (SMOc), Rancho El Ocote (CeP) and Tecolotlán Golfo, y Plataforma de Yucatán carecen de tales sitios. (TMVB) sites record tectonic/magmatic activity between 9.5 and 5.0 El sitio Pliensbachiano Huizachal (SMOr) yace en el rift que di- Ma; their mammals involve Late Clarendonian-Early Hemphillian vidió Pangea centro-oriental y porta la vertebradofauna más antigua and Hemphillian chronofaunas. The younger fauna reveals an early de México. El sitio Campaniano Tardío El Rosario está en la Cuenca appearance of South American taxa in North America. The important de Antearco homónima, su fauna muestra endemismo moderado. Los Chapala site (TMVB) still lacks isotopic ages associated to Late Tertiary sitios cenozoicos se encuentran en fosas tectónicas y registran episodios vertebrates. de actividad tectónica/magmática. Los sitios Marfil (CeP) y Yolomécatl Ferrusquía-Villafranca, I., Ruiz-González, J.E., 2015, Isotope geochronology and vertebrate paleontology in Mexico: Panorama and critical appraisal: Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, v. 32, núm. 2, p. 323-342. RMCG | v. 32 | núm. 2 | www.rmcg.unam.mx 323 Ferrusquía-Villafranca and Ruiz-González (SMS) están en cuencas postlaramídicas, sus faunas Bridgeriana y in the northern part and ~15 Ma in the southeastern part), Oaxacan Duchesniano/Chadronianas muestran afinidad boreal y endemismo. Subisthmian region (~15 Ma), Oaxacan Isthmian region (~15 Ma), and Los sitios temprano-micénicos Tubutama (NW) y Suchilquitongo (SMS) northwestern Chiapas (~15 Ma). Such data allowed to calibrate three registran actividad tectónica/magmática alrededor de 20 Ma, sus faunas local faunas from Oaxaca (Suchilquitongo, 20 Ma; Matatlán, ~15 Ma) tienen afinidad boreal y endemismo moderado. and one from Chiapas (Ixtapa, 15 ~Ma). The geologic and paleobio- Los sitios mesomiocénicos La Purísima (BCP), Matatlán, El Camarón logical significance of such discoveries will be discussed elsewhere. (SMS) e Ixtapa (SMCh) registran actividad tectónica/magmática cercana In the last decades, similar efforts to date other vertebrate-bearing a 15 Ma; los tres últimos evidencian una faja volcánica extendida desde sequences have been carried out yielding important results, such as Oaxaca central a Chiapas septentrional; sus faunas tienen afinidad boreal an Early Jurassic sequence in Tamaulipas, Sierra Madre Oriental MP y cladogénesis local. Los sitios tardimiocénicos Paso del Águila (SMOr), (Fastovsky et al., 1998, 2005), a Late Cretaceous sequence in Baja El Resbalón, Cofradía, Tepezalá, El Trapiche (SMOc), Rancho El Ocote California, Península de Baja California MP (Renne et al., 1991), an (CeP) y Tecolotlán (TMVB), registran actividad tectónica/magmática Early Paleogene sequence and fauna in Guanajuato, Central Plateau de hace unos 9.5–5.0 Ma; sus mamíferos involucran las cronofaunas MP (Aranda-Gómez and McDowell, 1998), Late Neogene sequences Clarendoniano-Hemphilliana y Hemphilliana, esta última revela la from selected areas of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt MP and neigh- aparición temprana de taxa sudamericanos en Norteamérica. El im- boring regions of the Central Plateau MP (Carranza-Castañeda, 2006 portante sitio Chapala aún carece de fechamientos isotópicos asociados and references therein) and lately in the Sierra Madre Oriental MP. a vertebrados tarditerciarios. The geologic and paleobiologic significance will be discussed in the Los sitios pliocénicos GTO 43, Rancho El Ocote, GTO 2D, Garbani, section dealing with each fauna. GTO 11, Pantera, GTO 12B, Estancia, GTO 5A, Rancho El Ocote, It should be noted that the geologic part of all these results varies GTO 55 (CeP), Santa María Amajac, Charo y Buenaventura (TMVB) enormously due to: (1) differences in the formality/depth given to the registran actividad tectónica/volcánica próxima a 4.5–3.5 Ma; su cro- treatment of each sequence. (2) Intrinsic differences of each sequence, nofauna Blancana incluye numerosos taxa sudamericanos, indicando so that some bear vertebrates or dated rock material at more than one así el apogeo del Gran Intercambio Biótico Americano. Estos(as) sitios/ stratigraphic
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