Designing a Musical User Interface for Non-Musically

Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. in 3 eebr2018 Dezember 13. Wien, iwrug nvAs il-n.PtrFkr Bakk.techn. Fikar, Peter Dipl.-Ing. Univ.Ass. Mitwirkung: erun:AscaePo.Dp.Ig rtcn id Tellio Hilda Dr.techn. Dipl.-Ing. Prof. Associate Betreuung: Wien Universität Technischen der Informatik für Fakultät der an nldn ehtoi tigInstrument String Mechatronic a Including nefc o Non-Musically for Interface einn uia User Musical a Designing -00Wien A-1040 ei n ua-etrdComputing Human-Centered and Media u ragn e kdmshnGrades akademischen des Erlangung zur r ie People Trained alpaz13 Karlsplatz ao ihe ltnr BSc Blattner, Michael Jakob Diplom-Ingenieur mRhe e Studiums des Rahmen im arklumr1026117 Matrikelnummer ehiceUiesttWien Universität Technische DIPLOMARBEIT ao ihe Blattner Michael Jakob igrih von eingereicht e.+43-1-58801-0 Tel. glu ˘ www.tuwien.ac.at id Tellio Hilda glu ˘ Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ina 13 Vienna, sitne nvAs il-n.PtrFkr Bakk.techn. Fikar, Peter Dipl.-Ing. Univ.Ass. Assistance: dio:AscaePo.Dp.Ig rtcn id Tellio Hilda Dr.techn. Dipl.-Ing. Prof. Associate Advisor: Wien TU the at Informatics of Faculty the to nldn ehtoi tigInstrument String Mechatronic a Including nefc o Non-Musically for Interface th einn uia User Musical a Designing eebr 2018 December, umte nprilfllmn fterqieet o h ereof degree the for requirements the of fulfillment partial in submitted -00Wien A-1040 ei n ua-etrdComputing Human-Centered and Media r ie People Trained alpaz13 Karlsplatz ao ihe ltnr BSc Blattner, Michael Jakob eitainNme 1026117 Number Registration ILM THESIS DIPLOMA Diplom-Ingenieur ehiceUiesttWien Universität Technische ao ihe Blattner Michael Jakob e.+43-1-58801-0 Tel. by in glu ˘ www.tuwien.ac.at id Tellio Hilda glu ˘ Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. in 3 eebr2018 Dezember 13. Wien, naedrQel l nlhugkntihgmcthabe. gemacht kenntlich Entlehnung als Quelle ande der die Angabe –, Abbildungen und Karten Tabellen, einschließlich – Arbeit ao ihe ltnr BSc Blattner, Michael Jakob itlas /,16 Wien 1060 5/3, Mittelgasse e nenti otatoe e innc nnme id u jed auf sind, entnommen nach Sinn dem oder Wortlaut im ic Internet dass dem und habe hab angegeben verfasst vollständig selbständig Hilfsmittel Arbeit und diese Quellen ich deten dass ich, erkläre Hiermit rlrn u efsugder Verfassung zur Erklärung ao ihe Blattner Michael Jakob ,ds c i verwen- die ich dass e, e eknoder Werken ren Arbeit i tle der Stellen die h nFl unter Fall en v Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Author: Tellio hn you! Thank atbtntlat ol iet hn yclegeRpalKme,withou possible. Kamper, been Raphael have colleague not my would thank work to this like perseverance would and I dedication least, not but fi Last the than with Great scholarship us a engineering. provided through electrical which the work of Vienna, for this field of grateful University the Technical also in the am us to I gave Ganhör thesis. Roman this of Dr. supervision Dip the Prof. in Associate invested supervisor our thesis. friends thank this and to of girlfriend like course my would the thank I in Furthermore, also deeds I m and today. words supported am always with I have me who person supported parents, the my me thank made to and like would I First, uadAssatDp.Ig ee ia o h upr n iete bot they time and support the for Fikar Peter Ing. Dipl. Assistant and lu ao Blattner Jakob Acknowledgements epadavc Mag. advice and help aca en for means nancial nm education my in e .Ig Dr.Hilda l.-Ing. sas goes also ks h have who whose t have h vii Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h i fti hssi odsg,ipeetadeaut atc n haptic, a evaluate and implement design, to is thesis this of aim The aiu ois hs nld h rao sritrae,ue interf user interfaces, user of area the include These topics. various upr t h eut ftesuyso httecoe prahform design approach iterative chosen additional the in that development show further study well-sounding needs the that produce the of to basis of results user state The the current it. allows the interface support tests, the user if these wireframe out sketches, In find as tests. such user process, all this p above u in design the used user-centered via were and users iterative methods the selected with a contact in benchmarks direct implemented technical has of which implemen fulfillment component, was the system system since the users, of of component assistance mechanical The intervi process. specialists, design of opinions order the a In include the to production. music and mechanical knowledge and this technology with acquire combined authors music the which reason, through this out, For carried w knowledge. was system musical research The prior p literature mounted. without sounds are people the strings for generating guitar primarily which analogously on time int component same mechanical is the a system at resulting while The music input. composing tangible with a interface creating user in accomplishment an pr of provide of sense to range a opportunity give wide the to a have and address not creativity otherwise to musical would used who be obst people can major too, electric solutions a other technical reasons, and of decade, t variety microcontrollers last years a of for availability takes is, increasing s usually people mus the being many well-sounding It human for that that so every technique music. circumstance and playing of culture its every and creation instrument of the part including integral an immemorial, been has Music ce ra eehl.Teaqie nweg a mlmne nan in implemented was knowledge acquired The held. were areas ected ne oass h srin user the assist to ended ,mcus esnsand personas mockups, s, oes aiu research Various rocess. ui n osu to and music a su was ccnb rdcd A produced. be can ic ytmwscekdto checked was system w iheprsfrom experts with ews leupetoe the over equipment al Abstract c ein feedback, design, ace cycles. e nefc,was interface, ser uia entity. musical comprehensive a on-collaborative e ihu the without ted nweg in knowledge d in ee The here. cient ultfrtheir for outlet promising a s atran master o sdeveloped as bes So oblems. oue by roduced ce With acle. odeepen to netime ince iterative ciently ix Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ud hemtiknvnBntenugstt ahe i Erfüllun die hier da umgesetzt, Benutzern von mitwirken ohne wurde o ollnedrMskemgih n aighn uhausreichen auch dahingehend und ermöglicht Musik wohlklingender von ie trtvnDsgpoesugstt i ehnsh Kompon mechanische Die umgesetzt. Designprozess iterativen einem idt i nwiee trtvnDsgzke ohwie au weiter viel noch eine Designzyklen Ansatz iterativen gewählte weiteren der in dass die zeigen, bildet, Studie der Be Ergebnisse den Die Oberfläche die ob herauszufinden, um wurde überprüft Benutzertests Systems diesen des In durchgeführt. M Benutzertests Wireframes, allem Sketches, Beispiel P zum ausgewäh diesem wie einem Forschungsmethoden, In in umgesetzt. wurde Designprozess aufweißt, benutzerzentrierten Benutzern und den di zu über Kontakt welche direkten Systemkomponente Die war. ausreichend Benchmarks betro Inte den daraufhin wurden zu aus weiter miteinzubeziehen Wissen Experten dieses von Meinungen Um Musikerzeugung. mechanischen Kombi der in und Musik Feedback, Design, gehör Benutzeroberflächen Dazu roberflächen, wurden. angeeignet sich Themengebieten durch unterschiedlichen durchgführt, Literaturerecherche entwickelt. wu Vorkenntnis umfangreiche System musikalischer eine Das ohne erzeugen. mech Menschen analog für eine sind, Linie durch aufgespannt Töne Gitarrensaiten erzeugten der Komponier auf die beim gleichzeitig BenutzerIn und den/die terstützen soll System implementier resultierende entwerfen, kollabor Das nicht zu haptische, Eingabemöglichkeiten eine greifbaren es, ist mit Diplomarbeit dieser Ziel Das Scha der musik bei ihre Erfüllung für der geben. Ventil Gefühl ein ein au hätten, und Möglichkeit Somit bieten werden. die eingesetzt nicht Problemenen sonst von die Vielzahl Jah werdende eine zehn für besser letzten den Lösungen immer in Elektrogeräten die anderen Durch vers und aus Microplatinenen darstellt. Menschen, Hinderniss viele für großes der das ein Umstand, beherrscht, Ein so kann. Spieltechnik werden dessen erzeugt und jed Instrument ein Bestandteil Erscha man wichtiger die ein auch so Menschengedenken Menschen, seit ist Musik nnBrihnaghle.Dsddrhauret isnwrein wurde Wissen aquirierte dadurch Das abgehalten. Bereichen enen n o ui.E aeti e ee eohJhe bis Jahre, jedoch Regel der in dauert Es Musik. von ung n ie uiaice eidszu Gebildes musikalischen eines ung Kurzfassung oeswre verschiedene wurden rozess gbu ednmüssen. werden sgebaut u ismGudwurde Grund diesem Aus cus esnsudvor und Personas ockups, tv Benutzeroberfläche ative ollned Musik wohlklingende s i uoe isnin Wissen Autoren die ndeGbe Benutze- Gebiet die en lsh raiiä zu Kreativität alische e oetn Stand momentane der nsh Komponente, anische e önntechnische können ren rKlu n jedes und Kultur er heese Gründen, chiedensten nudauszuwerten. und en vesmtExperten mit rviews Benutzeroberfläche e uzrdsErzeugen das nutzer esrced Basis versprechende ainmtTechnik mit nation efgaki von Verfügbarkeit nvnMskun- Musik von en o technischen von g nedsSystems des ente etee n die und vertiefen tniterativen lten unterstützt. d h Menschen ch, d nerster in rde xi Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ahn Musicianship Machine 4 uia Mechatronics Musical 5 Introduction 1 Contents Kurzfassung Abstract srInterfaces User 2 Foundations Theoretical I srItraeDesign Interface User 3 . einKolde...... 37 43 29 30 ...... 28 ...... Information . . Gathering ...... Knowledge . 3.5 Design . . . . Process . Design 3.4 . . The . . . 3.3 Feedback . Utility and 3.2 Usability 3.1 . loihs...... 55 57 . 54 . 49 ...... Protocols . . and . . Software . . . . . 4.4 . Algorithms . . . Perception 4.3 . Music . Theory 4.2 Music 4.1 . ehncMscIsrmns...... 61 . . 60 ...... Instruments Music . Mechanic Instruments Music of 5.2 Classification 5.1 . i fti ok...... 2 3 ...... Work this . of . Structure Work this of 1.2 Aim 1.1 . eae rjcs...... 19 . 16 . . . 10 ...... Projects . Related . Interfaces User . 2.3 Musical Interfaces User of 2.2 Types 2.1 Contents xiii xiii 59 49 27 xi ix 5 9 1 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. einPhases Design 7 is Iteration First 8 Mechatronics - Part IIIPractical eodIteration Second 9 0TidIteration Third 10 Vrcia at-MsclUe nefc 123 Iteration First 11 Interface User Musical - Part IVPractical einPoesadAttitudes and Process Design 6 Methodology II 13Proa 137 138 ...... 131 ...... 128 ...... Requirements . . . 11.4 . . . . Personas . . 11.3 . Interviews . Expert . 11.2 . Research Literature 11.1 . hsnDsg tiue 82 81 ...... Attitudes . Design . Chosen Selection Model 6.2 Process 6.1 . vlae...... 92 ...... 89 . 87 ...... 85 ...... Evaluate . . . Solution . . Design 7.4 . Produce . Use Requirements 7.3 of Specify Context Specify and 7.2 Understand 7.1 . mlmnain...... 102 108 . 100 ...... 99 ...... Improvements and . . . Findings ...... 8.4 . Implementation . . Principles 8.3 . Underlying Findings Review 8.2 Literature 8.1 . mlmnain...... 115 116 . 113 ...... Improvements and . . Findings . . . . 9.3 . Implementation Principles 9.2 Underlying 9.1 03Sfwr 121 . . . . 119 . 122 ...... 119 ...... Improvements . . and . . Findings . . . 10.4 . . . . Software . . 10.3 . . . Implementation 10.2 Principles Underlying 10.1 . eae rjcs...... 65 . . . 63 ...... 62 ...... Projects . . Related . Instruments Music . 5.5 Robotic . Instruments Music 5.4 Mechatronic 5.3 119 113 127 95 77 85 99 81 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 2Scn Iteration Second 12 3Summary 13 Work Future and Summary V 4Ftr Work Future 14 osn Forms Consent A Bibliography Tables of List Figures of List Requirements D Test Mockup C Guideline Interview B s Cases Use E 18Eauto 162 155 145 . . . . 140 ...... Evaluation . . . . 11.8 . . . Mockups . . 11.7 . . . Sketches . 11.6 Cases Use 11.5 22Eauto 181 167 ...... Evaluation . 12.2 . Prototyping 12.1 32MsclUe nefc 193 191 ...... Interface . User Musical . . 13.2 Part Mechatronical 13.1 43Oinain...... 198 198 . . 198 ...... 197 ...... Suggestions Additional . . . . . 14.4 . . . Orientation . . 14.3 . Interaction Joker . 14.2 Capacities Looping Advanced 14.1 . srTss...... 216 . 215 ...... 214 ...... Tests . User . . . A.3 . Tests Mockup . . A.2 Interviews Expert A.1 . r-Pooyig...... 238 243 228 . . 233 . . 223 ...... Evaluation . . . Second . . Pre- ...... D.5 Prototyping . . . Pre- . . . Evaluation . D.4 . First . Pre- . . . D.3 Mockups . Pre- . D.2 Sketches Pre- D.1 . r-Sece 251 ...... Sketches Pre- E.1 189 203 200 205 223 213 197 167 217 251 191 221 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. cte Plots Scatter F . r-Pooyig...... 274 279 257 . . 265 ...... Evaluation . . Second . . Pre- . . . . E.5 Prototyping . . Pre- . . Evaluation . E.4 First . Pre- . E.3 Mockups Pre- E.2 289 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Introduction 1. 2 . i fti Work this of Aim 1.1 nte r-endpoet steuaeo tigisrmn ogenerat to instrument string a of usage the is property pre-defined Another non-col the is created be to system the of property predefined Another accor the and parameters configurable of choice the is factor important Another h i fti hssi odsg,ipeetadeaut atcue in user haptic a evaluate and implement design, to is thesis this of aim The ihtesse n htcrusac sntawy ie,i limits it given, always not is circumstance that and system the with Vien In context. museal a in t used of be course will the in installation added resulting The be also will they functionalities, other sugge with provide will interface the composing, while user the assist To ako te ulcpae.I diin hscladweather-related and physical eas addition, takes In users places. possible public of other interaction or initial the park such, as settings a utro asbtas ihr ap n ud-ud r enda stri di as and defined string are a possibilities. hurdy-gurdy strike of and to range harp, ways zither, of t a variety but also defined, a but narrowly seems bass definition or This guitar system. the of output an either do to fail de to thesis. of likely this approach more of The also scope is advance. the in purposes interaction both an for prevent Becau installation can to users. and users two two usages least of possible at minimum for a or needs one automatically for approach either collaborative is a cre installation that the an in time considered the be of to factor a as completely out left nearly be can museums possib exist there If theory. music of principles basic the on create based to parameters pro those set interfaces user tangible where n about area something An know to need etc. properties. the rhythm, without height, intuitive, be tone to has output according fe additional the and played it. tones with interfere the by not especially feedback should is acoustic system This case any feedback. in providing feedback is of haptic ways numerous and generat auditive are mechanically visual, there is through which instrument, music, plucked composing a in user the supports before. done been (TUI hasn’t interfaces people user trained tangible non-musically of for combination creation This music. in interest apn notesse.A h nefc hudb sbeb non-mu mappin by the usable musicians), be exclude should specifically interface doesn’t the (but As people system. the into mapping 1 ieteTcnclMsu n h Soundmuseum the and Museum Technical the Like 1 nwihteitrciiyo hi ntlain sabgpr fthe of part big a is installations their of interactivity the which in good onigmsc(sb ideerpa standards), middle-european by (as music sounding rn onsaepsil n o and possible are sounds erent fteiptadthe and input the of g e lc hneg na in e.g. than place ier efc htntol a only not that fact he lte ohl h user the help to ilities a o xml,exist example, for na, hsi rca and crucial is This . hlegn sthere as challenging )adaao music analog and s) i thesis. his db h tig of strings the by ed xenlinfluences external aoaiiy Most laborativity. toso o to how on stions to process. ation ol exceed would d ginstruments, ng h ubrof number the ial trained sically ieexcellent vide dako the of edback riett.In identity. ir eo h fact the of se h analog the e efc that terface inn an signing rawide a er interact ding otes, Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. hoeia Foundations Theoretical atI Part 5 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 10 Interfaces User 2. GI)and (GUIs) fHuman-Computer-Interaction of 90,cagn antcmmr rm nte15s okn ihpnhcrsi cards punch with working 1950s, the in drums memory magnetic changing 1940s, . ye fUe Interfaces User of Types 2.1 hsscinwl oe di cover will section This work. this an of projects thesis describes the section to last related time be same can the which at and following The hyhv ayvralslk ie nest,txue hp,or shape, texture, intensity, size, like variables many have They int user graphical a what define first to necessary is it with, begin To thos of results the presenting intelligibly on not computations, on was .. rpia srInterfaces User Graphical 2.1.1 omnctn n eciigifraini Usi ae ntodimen two on based is GUIs [ in signs information perceiving and Communicating follows: as GUIs defines [8] ov graphic historical of a disadvantages give and advantages GUIs, show interfaces. define and will developments, author important the most pages, following the On b the of publication the by illustrated Human-Computer-Interacti topic, base. important new user very in broader a resulted much became This a an powerful environments. in private more and and applications became space computers work 1980s, in early usable the In exclusive. highly [ them with work to allowed were people wher of machines number complicated and small precious expensive, were Computers term the respecti 1960s, interfaces, the user Before of emergence the of wil overview interfaces historical of excludes types which covered types, the interface chapter, this of introduction called so the in interfaces of types theses of conversion hsscmuesvr el hte swscnetn easwi relays connecting was w is engineers, Whether or well. scientists very for computers reserved theses were devices filling room h 90 rwiigcmadln nusi h 90.Teuaeo optrwas computer a of usage The 1970s. the in inputs line command writing or 1960s the e/i nes n e nams ntnaeu edak(erreal-time (near feedback instantaneous (i almost devices an pointing interactivity).” dire get of may and kinds user several fingers) the through her/his us that screen extensive the etc.) on make forms, manipulate that diagrams, interfaces (icons, user objects graphical are Interfaces User “Graphical 8 .Vsa in r locnandi itrs htgah n egahcmaps geographic and photographs pictures, in contained also are signs Visual ]. agbeUe Interfaces User Tangible rn ye fue nefcs(I) saraysae nthe in stated already As (UIs). interfaces user of types erent srinterface user Command-Line-Interfaces yCr,MrnadNwl 7 n1983. in [7] Newell and Moran Card, by TI) h olwn eto hntlsaotthe about talks than section following The (TUIs). a o end[ defined not was uia srInterfaces User Musical h olwn ilgv short a give will following The . 3 6 .Tefcso computing of focus The ]. .Toehgl guarded, highly Those ]. eyHCI. vely ihke h sg of usage the knew hich elmtdt modern to limited be l hpthcrsi the in cords patch th etto,adcolor. and ientation, ook implementations d di , nyarelatively a only e raei.Catarci is. erface computations. e hrfr also therefore d h Psychology The ncluding rn possible erent riwo the of erview inlvisual sional nsuddenly on of e ctly (MUIs). luser al n . Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. l adcaatrsiso h U a ob netdbfr hycould they before invented be to had GUI the of characteristics said All idw nsre,Eglatas netdaseiliptdevice input special a invented also Engelbart screen, on windows communicated. being information the about details contain all signs Those led tre nte17si h eo aoAt eerhCne (PARC). 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Makes Images with Doing video Kay’s Alan See The use the enable which interfaces user described who Shneiderman The h neligies [11]. addition items) to underlying lead the nor information e t represen any and set to lose implications) One used (neither are items. repr expressive that of visual elements be sets visual of should two of basic set defines The one Mapping and place. mapping. represented its called takes so and the else is something for in stand [10]. objects real-world The any resemble not need familiar, although that, – – – 4 Metaphor ietMnplto Interaction Manipulation Direct iulRepresentation Visual hsclatoso h beto neetisedo ope syntax complex of instead interest E of object the interest on of actions Physical actions and objects the of Visibility .Eglatcetdsvrlkycmoet,ec fwihbcm big a became which of each components, key several created Engelbart ]. cso hs cin htaerpd nrmna n reversible and incremental rapid, are that actions those of ects Sketchpad einr s hstr orfrt iulcnetosadgenres and conventions visual to refer to term this use Designers : 2 seFgr .)a ato i h hssa h Massachusetts the at thesis PhD his of part as 2.1) Figure (see cie(lo o ataduabgosyitrrtto of interpretation unambiguously and fast a for (allow ective iulrpeetto atrstevsa in that signs visual the captures representation Visual : [ 9 :Drc aiuainwsitoue by introduced was manipulation Direct ]: 6 .Tersac o hscmue device computer this for research The ]. ietmanipulation direct 5 h optrmouse, computer The . sindt n i of bit one to assigned s .Ia uhrad[ Sutherland Ivan ]. ..Tpso srInterfaces User of Types 2.1. od h following: the do to r g motneof importance uge edsetto was dissertation he evsa feedback visual he hm Mapping them. t tews zero. otherwise e saoutstanding a as and bitmapping nce. geometrical e eue.The used. be u h basic the But a r being are hat l irrelevant al, windows esentation fthe of d Xerox’s luser al .It 12 as ] 11 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Ue Interfaces User 2. 12 mn hmwr h led xlie ocpso impig windows bitmapping, of concepts explained already the were them Among h olwn datgsso h hsscesprae vr branc every pervades success this why show advantages following The optr thsfudhspaeo oiedvcs e nefcs c interfaces, web devices, mobile more. on than many place devices and his more cars found many has reached It has interface computer. user graphical the Nowadays M like companies, other style. and new T standard the mass-market. industrie’s the the Mac for the became system released quickly successful concept, first the the brought up picked promptly me quickly desktop Apple The called desk. company said e on all file Despite a as window each and proble desk born. their a to as solution screen The the [ windows. mouse of implementation computer Engelbart’s the inve and Engelbarts manipulation) use to direct Engelbart with agreement an GUI signed of PARC years Xerox 20 implem the following It the (WIMP). guided device which [ pointing computing desktop a of and syste concepts menus computer icons, released commercially windows, first had the was system computer 3 iue21 aiuaigojcswt h ktha fo o ett b to left top (from sketchpad the with objects Manipulating 2.1: Figure .Tesceso h TRdrvdfo oga nebr.Anme fsc of number A Engelbart. Douglas from derived STAR the of success The ]. • o uas h neato ihGI smr aua hnwt te use other with than natural more creatures). is visual are GUIs (humans with before interaction interfaces the humans, For r,Xrxcud’ elteSA napotberne[ range profitable a in STAR the sell couldn’t Xerox ort, 4 u h cetsssrgldwith struggled scientists the But . ] enwitraestyle interface new he noe,gms TVs, games, onsoles, coot dpe to adapted icrosoft, ftcnlg [ technology of h nohi 94and 1984 in intosh ihaGI It GUI. a with m swst regard to was ms ne essential ented to right) ottom adtherefore (and 5 development h desktop the .Another ]. ahrwas taphor tos[ ntions etssin ientists 14 5 ]: r ]. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h atdsdatg utb xlie nmr eal tcriticizes It detail. more in explained be must disadvantage last The att ananacmeiieavnae eod h tde r fe s often are studies the Second, advantage. competitive a maintain to want ntecneto sritraeuaiiyaerrl ulse.Th published. rarely are usability interface user of context the in oee,ti iavnaede o pl oalscosi hc Usex GUIs wid which two in supplying companies, sectors Two all sector. to smartphone apply the is not example does disadvantage this complexity. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Ue Interfaces User 2. 14 si h rvossbeto,tesrcueo hsscinstarts section this of structure the subsection, previous the in As hthpes hntogieie ugs di suggest guidelines two when happens, what agbeue nefcsaeuulyue o pcfi plcto wi application specific a for used usually are interfaces wi user perceptible Tangible and manipulable directly are representations Those .. agbeUe Interfaces User Tangible 2.1.2 atcitrcin hc svr di very is which interaction, haptic ye fTUIs: of types di from come can Feedback di of definition 3.2. The section environment. in their seen on act to [ s means channels that touch signals and mechanical generate kinesthetic interfaces user tangible information, [ field di learnin so [ programming, usually e for performance communication, used and social music be visualization, and can information TUIs planning, [ extensive. and interface very solving purpose be general can a areas as tion serve GUIs while representations, Su (see GUIs of represe which representation form visual physical the a to information contrast digital give in to counterparts, is TUIs of idea [ shown. Ishii be will TUIs of disadvantages and advantages th on 3.4.2. relies Section t also in of It detail designers evaluation. the more and/or on in design dependent UI more in is skilled GUI are a case of best success in the So to. resul adapted to automatically try don’t guidelines and these 1970s [ of the implementation since the exist But itself Guidelines system. operating guidelines released have systems, fi’ oi olwdb hr itrcloeve fi’ emergenc it’s of overview historical short a by followed topic it’s of 15 .I sawy eedn nec niiuluecs nwihtein the which in case use individual each on dependent always is It ]. 4 3 • • e h O ua nefc Guidelines. 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(mostly surfaces Surfaces Interactive 16 , enstnil sritrae TI)a nefcswihtk adv take which interfaces as (TUIs) interfaces user tangible defines ] 20 , 21 rn htteeaeams ogieie,adi o nyi h pedagogical the in only so, if and guidelines, no almost are there that erent .I diint rdtoa nefcsta rvd iuladauditor and visual provide that interfaces traditional to addition In ]. agbeojcsaebigpae n aiuae nplanar on manipulated and placed being are objects Tangible : rn ye fTI.Ule ta.[ al. et Ullmer TUIs. of types erent oua lmnsae iepyia osrcinkits, construction physical like are, elements Modular : 18 .Hwvr h olo n ntlaini hs ra is areas these in installation any of goal the However, ]. 3,4 17 .Hpi nefcsas rvd uaswt the with humans provide also interfaces Haptic ]. o eeoesaddsgeswihwr ihtheir with work which designers and developers for rn rmgahclue nefcs h main The interfaces. user graphical from erent rn ein.Gieie ilb described be will Guidelines designs. erent rn om ffebc a be can feedback of forms erent 22 17 horhnsadbody. and hands our th di ] .TeTIsapplica- TUI’s The ]. promote nago interface good a in t ihtedefinition the with hepii physical explicit th .Atrta,the that, After e. rbtenseveral between er iuaehuman timulate efc utbe must terface scin2.1.1). bsection tterdigital their nt . swl sthe as well as ntertainment eGI who GUI, he i shoulder eir good ,problem g, relations r naeof antage design. y Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h esn o hi e their for reasons The hsalwdpout en ul ihtoeprst esl tare a at pow sold processing be abilities, to sensing parts capacity, those storage with increased build The being products allowed This (menti Engelbart Doug by created was interface user tangible first The classifications these of one exactly to assigned clearly always not are TUIs ..)i 98 h optrmue(e iue22 stepyia represen physical the is 2.2) Figure (see mouse computer The 1968. in 2.1.1) h os one n nbe ietmnplto.Teavnaeo h com the of advantage The manipulation. direct enables and pointer mouse the n oillvl e oaesweeTI ol eue e used be could th TUIs on knowledge, where new areas as to well led as level, TUIs social of and distribution the to contributed p ob increasing electrotechnical their other and and smartphones microcontrollers, of sensors, upcome on the costs years, the ten last the In [ HCI thr interaction proven of been history has the devices in competing and predecessors its mouse, operat may constraints and tokens, other on [18]. constraint constraints a other as act may example, 5 • • e ihlsGri ril nhowstu on article Gerbis Nicholas See n oeeto oesmcaial.Te a loass h srb p by user the assist also can guidance. They tactile mechanically. tokens and of racks) movement slots, and (stacks, structure provide Constraints objects. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 16 Interfaces User 2. la ento fMI ol o efud u h ups fteeint these of purpose the but found, be not could MUIs of definition clear A . uia srInterfaces User Musical 2.2 h eiinntt aeoiemsclue nefcs fe losim also often interfaces, user musical categorize to not decision The biu.Te r sdt oiyo raemsctruhauser-comput a through music create or modify to used are They obvious. ae nterltdpoet rmScin23 Usdi MUIs 2.3, Section from projects related the on Based MUIs. disadvantages of and advantages context the the t of in occur with analysis TUIs this continue an respectively will for by mu section Examples followed that This interfaces, interfaces. fact section. user the of following on types the based several in is shown of interface, composed user be of type can own an as interfaces, u swt Us Usas o nyhv advantages: have only not also TUIs GUIs, with as But • • • • • • • • • • • • hyspotteudrtnigo btatcnet [20]. concepts abstract of understanding the support They ihreitn ntuet r en umne ytcnlgclap technological by augmented being are instruments implemente is existing interface music Either the way The type: Implementation re a be can users from acceptance low interaction, of type the [26]. of GUIs Because with than higher domains. are application costs development the The of most for None available. guidelines few e The hi much are failures interac mechanical UIs. physical for other the possibility through the stress objects, mechanical tangible constant the of Because [24]. GUIs than portable less misin are TUIs through outcome learning negative [25]. a representations for physical possibility the is There w a on connect and 25]. communicate, [24, collaborate, other to users multiple allow already TUIs are users that environments and th objects of contin to to. state added no current be the where can know Technology methods, to input needed is TUI interface exist the there with contact GUIs, to contrast In f physical manipulate and understand to ability natural humans use TUIs inyo ahTIms eeautdvr hruhy hr r nya only are There thoroughly. very evaluated be must TUI each of ciency ri eea properties: several in er edfiiino musical of definition he o d l aldmusical called ply hrta with than gher r w options. two ers rga [ program e ia interfaces sical ec ilbe will rence fGI and GUIs of rinterface. er inwith tion terpreted rae is erfaces rs[ orms oseye uous proaches sult. t each ith used 24 16 ]. ]. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. nte osbedfiiinapoc st opr h datgsaddisadvan and advantages the compare to is approach definition possible Another with. osi hne,avnae rdsdatgsta aermie h aeaenot are same the f remained The have p combined. that in disadvantages being change when or advantages the balance changes, in whole, said kept the is to On types them. interface reinforce both or of other the of disadvantages fGI n Usi re oetbihwehrteavnae foeelimin one of advantages the whether establish to order in TUIs and GUIs of • • • • • eape ol eXa’ [ Xiao’s be would (examples Drum-Dance-Music-Machine surface saraymnindi uscin212 nte iiinbetween, division another 2.1.2, Subsection in mentioned already As ihtefigr n ad rwt h hl oy xmlsfrfis int first for Examples body. whole the with or hands and fingers the with implement one choosing that means which type, interaction the with tal[22]. et wearable). (e.g. types interaction certain exclude can tabletop) [ tabletop interface between user made New [ be toy can such. Distinction as subdivided. considered [ further be Jorda’s can in instruments (like augmented created being is [ interface user of form 3,2,2] tesfroeue ny[3 40]. [33, only user cont one collaborative for and others group 28], for 29, designed [31, are projects [29]. Some both Collaborativity: or 39] [38, behind child people motivation for trained designed the non-musically specifically with interfaces [34], connected are strongly There is project. group the target The group: Target e more or di [ faster can music instrument MUIs creating the of learning of way in new user a the di user also the project give a the to of of box aim sounding The the Motivation: be can example One vi augmented analogy. is created guitar. instrument gets existing sound an the when and used being is creation the in like th Smus through be would creation Examples created the be output). is (digital can possibility MUI sound first how The possibilities interfaces. two musical are There generation: Sound Vans interaction Pattens are type musical-inter the with interaction the Either type: Interaction 30 ] bqiosDrums Ubiquitous 32 , nefcs tms entd htti udvso si direct in is subdivision this that noted, be must It interfaces. ] osrcieassembly constructive Haptone ri ayways. many in er ui Jacket Music Audiopad [ 36 .Acrigt si’ ento ftnil srinterfaces, user tangible of definition Ishii’s to According ). n h led mentioned already the and ] 27 [ 33 [ and 35 ] [34]. n Newtons and ] Andantino .Tescn osblt saao on creation sound analog is possibility second The ]. oe n constraint and token r rmpoett rjc.Sm want Some project. to project from ers n el’ [ Sello’s and 33 bqiosDrums Ubiquitous lc Jam Block , 31 Andantino in [ cient , 27 a endcae yUllmer by declared been has 28 ,ohr att support to want others ], 29 ] 34 Hexenkessel [ ] 31 e [ ren , Reactable ..MsclUe Interfaces User Musical 2.2. 37 ,frtefl body full the for ], loigol refers only ollowing [ 29 27 aei are out carried is face .Temotivation The ]. 32 [ otaeo the of software e 30 ,bok[ block ], .Aao sound Analog ]. , to ye(e.g. type ation n Beckings and ] 26 technology a o n cons and ros ,musicians ], interactive ranew a or ) n Smus’ and a be can s eraction through relation 31 t the ate tages and ] dealt exts 17 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Ue Interfaces User 2. 18 NM) hc a one n20.Wt h salsmn fteNM,re NIME, the of establishment the With 2001. in founded was which (NIME), hncmiigwt Usaie osdrn h o nit fusage, of anxiety low the considering arises TUIs with combining when h etsbeto ilrpeetpoet hc r eae t related are which projects represent will subsection next The m for platform research a at seen be can possibilities of range sheer This v the as GUIs, with as simple as not is to, used already is user the which speed can guidance visual Additional forms. physical manipulating when n hneo h niomn ssgicnl rae hnuigascre a using when greater significantly is environment the on change and itr fGI n Usframsclue oto hmaeas ikdt t to linked also are them of Most use. musical a for TUIs and GUIs of mixture [41]. users for feedback and community theory NIME design The HCI, as interfaces. on focusing explicitly community oth the are and NIME the the from like Apart communities focusing researching interfaces. platform musical and community existing global improving a and now has interfaces musical new on Conference International the called interfaces except some TUIs, and GUIs of later. combinations or possible sooner of light range to wide the to due an environments modifying of advantage w contact The eye place. direct take device, cannot) scr mounted head (or the a to Since using need representation. eyes the visual exampl of for for front Reality screen in Virtual types a in interface and MUI two device A those input possible. when are ey disappear exceptions continuous to here, needing likely even un not most the of is on advantage screen applies the a contrast, same happen In The can user. concepts. TUIs the abstract on by GUIs interpretation from information comb impact the when positive same A the advantages. stay the TUIs than of other possibl disadvantages GUI, the Other a with TUIs. combination of direct can forms poss in symbols physical of stands where disadvantage This device(s), The input etc.). life. tangible buttons, everyday the in on use expands and advantagesconfusion confrontation the of on lack impact the negative A ph easily, more. more even things process remember memory to the user support the feed helps additional inf already This controllers information input feedback. e where vibratory positive sector, have with for game incidents example computer An in-game the about feedback. existin haptic from already with likely) comes enhanced (most this further The be can user. regard feedback the expected to be transmitted can improvements level further GUIs, with Beginning 8 7 6 http://www.smcnetwork.org/ http://www.computermusic.org/ http://www.nime.org/ on n ui optn Network Computing Music and Sound cso h srsaiiyt ealcranifrain hr visu Where information. certain recall to ability user’s the on ects nentoa ui optrAssociation Computer Music International 8 e nefcsfrMsclExpression Musical for Interfaces New SC,wt h IEbigteonly the being NIME the with (SMC), hstei ste r a are they as thesis this o e smutddirectly mounted is een iuladauditive and visual g iitrrtto of misinterpretation e eeo nfilssuch fields in develop t h U osnot does TUI the ith n h information the ing e obnd But combined. get ssaTIa an as TUI a uses e sclojcscan objects ysical r mle music smaller er, lob sd(on used be also hc sdeto due is which ncetn new creating on esadn of derstanding otc with contact e akcnalso can back padclarify and up r h user the orm n However, en. besymbolic ible sa impact isual h sg of usage the scluser usical erhinto search 7 oscome ions objects, d eNIME. he ndwith ined (ICMA) fGUIs of al 6 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. . eae Projects Related 2.3 The The di with projects show will examples following The .. ui D-Touch Audio 2.3.2 .. Audiopad 2.3.1 e fbok n iko hc h lcsaemvduo seFigur (see upon di moved through are sequences blocks musical the produce which can on that disk sounds a embody and blocks blocks of set a iedtrie h lytm.Mlil e Multiple volume time. the play influences the position di determines vertical in line Their blocks the produced. arranging being By is lines. score the conveys plate th al, future. et the J. in Pattern performances to use live According with while evaluated results. tested been the Whi has to flexibility. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 20 Interfaces User 2. rttp fec ntuetwstse yagopo epewt di with people of group a by tested was instrument each of prototype A h atcpnsas oie ubro datgsta eutdfo n from resulted that advantages of number a noticed also participants The .. BeatBearing 2.3.3 e iepse h al agrclrdrn rudtebl striggere is ball the around no ring is colored ball th larger the field, a that the ball, on indicates the ball This A passes a white. places line generated. turns user red being ball the are When the sound below hole. no just each grid, under the seen on be placed can been have balls mov no side If opposite the lef reaches on from it appears goes as it line edge. soon after red right as Immediately A disappearing interface. 2.5). BeatBearing, the Figure the of (see of grid interface a the on across bearings ball arranging by Bennetts Peter monitor. computer a at stare to having backgrou not musical therefore no and with v those of especially lack users, the among that confusion showed results to research lead ab The the was by compositions. and varied mentioned instruments and the not with was interaction participants the enjoyed of participant number specific A backgrounds. composing. di and in education used be can D-Touch BeatBearing iue24 niesto n ftetreitrae [33] interfaces three the of one of set Entire 2.4: Figure rn otxs agn rmpromneat lyn to playing art, performance from ranging contexts, erent [ 42 sa nefc htalw h srt raerhythms create to user the allows that interface an is ] ciae.We the When activated. w et raeinteresting create to le sa edakcan feedback isual akga circle gray dark e ,mvn away moving d, n akt the to back ing akga circle gray dark tuigaGUI a using ot uhr.Each authors. dknowledge. nd rn musical erent h ih side right the oright to t Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. lc Jam Block eeal orpouecodbsdmsco h in tteedo the of end the at piano the on music chord-based th reproduce of to two able the were old, years six and child five two were and test teacher first music the one of with children conducted The were tests user Two [ Lau and Fischer by project This satisfying. also were .. abeTakMscSqecr o Children for Sequencers Music Track Marble 2.3.5 .. lc Jam Block 2.3.4 hlrnhligyugrcide aeas enosre nthe in observed been also th have minut to children fifty chords younger about of helping took concept children test the Each explain Birthday". to "Happy was song tests the both assemble of to task The nine. and teacher. a of supervision the di under play used sou attached therefore trigger be and and can track track synthesizers marble the Those along synthesizers. roll little Marbles passing children. for education music scalabi as well as area collaborative a move the in to results unable The almost were music. a participants of After the pieces interface. interface, eval user the the musical an know to as to According phrases succeeds interface musical block. 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Figure (see interface its for blocks suggests, name the as uses, ] rn rmsud ikdu,saedu,hg-a n obl.N us No cowbell. and high-hat drum, snare drum, kick sound: drum erent 32 rn on eune.Ti U a eindt be to designed was MUI This sequences. sound erent samrl rc htat samscsqecrfor sequencer music a as acts that track marble a is ] teeypsto nthe on position every at oreo adtests. said of course hr eido getting of period short aino h authors, the of uation h side-mounted the y o fteblocks, the of top e iyo h di the of lity eodts eight test second e a rmbuilding from way i e o ahtest. each for ren s l students All es. rn oo that color erent ..RltdProjects Related 2.3. deet by events nd fpossible of t uisand pupils e et.Older tests. sequences d culty er It 21 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 22 Interfaces User 2. pl Pd eete atcpns(v oe n wlemn gdbetwe aged with men) twelve MusicCube and the women of (five interface participants the Seventeen compare iPod. to Apple conducted was study A opatc ui ntuetcretyi siprata opracti to as important as is correctly instrument music a practice To Add upwards. pointing list play desired the of side cube the with The 4htt ar u di 8 out carry to hat 44 .. MusicJacket 2.3.7 .. MusicCube 2.3.6 neetoi ernm a ea xml.Tepsiiiiso i yte by The aid level. of haptic possibilities the The to At example. extended an brain. be be the also can in internalized metronome electronic are movements an wrong or knowledge false en to sh qualities balance hedonic a and this, control) of and attractiveness. Because support expression. (e.g. v in ergonomic excitement) complex between and too interest perhaps (e.g. was hedonic it the appreciate to seemed an function title, song T list, rhythm). play current same the the LE in about The (blinking information voice. rhythm gives shu female music music, a current the Mus and using of the light) feedback, volume in auditory the built and indicate was cube, s cube feedback the chosen visual randomly of feedback, h a LEDs the more cube, the Regarding The the shaking on. cube. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h rtgoprcie ovninlpsuetahn hra h se the whereas v teaching novice posture of conventional groups receives two group comparing first by invention The their Figure2.8). evaluate (see authors player The the be worn jacket the in integrated are which olne eevdvboatl edak oeo h atcpnsfrom participants the improvement. of comparable None a feedback. t showed vibrotactile out, received found longer al. no et e Linden is der given Van being feedback. vibrotactile using trained seven through feedback gives and time real uses corre in a system player of The the teaching players. of the violin posture support novice the to to MUI technique wearable bowing a and is MusicJacket level. this iue28 h ee irto ooso h uiJce n hi posit their and MusicJacket the of motors vibration seven The 2.8: Figure iue27 h uiCb rttp rgt n nApeio lf)[43] (left) iPod Apple an and (right) Prototype MusicCube The 2.7: Figure ciea mrvn oie tagtbwn ehiu vni w if even technique bowing straight novices improving at ective oincpuet track to capture motion a h feedback the hat irto motors vibration odgopwas group cond h rtgroup first the ..RltdProjects Related 2.3. oi players. iolin os[34] ions tposture ct e they hen 23 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Ue Interfaces User 2. 24 seFgr21) h ntlaini ie rmrl tnnmsclyt non-musically at primarily aimed is installation The Figure2.10). (see Loop h eutn on a emnpltdb diga niie numbe unlimited an adding by manipulated be can sound resulting The The h anfebc h srgt hl neatn ihtesystem the with interacting while gets user the feedback main The .. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. lo twsfudta h utrbd ln a insu was alone body guitar the that found was it Also, h w igs rtcsswr h o iulfebc fteinte the of t feedback during visual and low Vienna the TU were solenoid the criticisms at and biggest exhibition motors two an of The at system presented a was by system implemented The is user the of input The niomnswt aypol rsn.Tesudhdt eamplified be to had sound The present. people many with environments UI. the by presented guitar m a harmonic of produce control automatically alternative not the could people trained non-musically i repeat which beats 4/4 four of consists loop One meanin realized, user. been the have th th by mechanisms played and of string course beat be six In a at for fret. aimed cylinder played originally wooden the each about strings, information the provides of cylinder one for stands colors iue21:LosU n utrconstruction. guitar and UI Loops 2.10: Figure iue29 h ecal interface. reacTable The 2.9: Figure in oehnetetn in tone the enhance to cient fc n h atthat fact the and rface rttp w fthe of two prototype e w tigcould string two g sl indefinitely. tself nteguitar. the on s ecus itself. course he nl feach of angle e electronically. ..RltdProjects Related 2.3. scthrough usic 25 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Author: h oi fue nefc eini ihydsusdsbetin subject discussed highly a is design interface user of topic The h rtscincnan h h ento n ecito of description and definition the the contains section first The n fteraosfrti sta IDsg otis rcncnan aydi many contain, can or contains, Design UI that is this for reasons the of One h eutmt eto,ti sdt htotncnntb we prior owned be not can often that wit data design. interfaces is UI improve process. for this to knowledge data section, basic of penultimate as acquisition the seen the be with d can deals explains them section section of third most The di which interfaces. knowledge, describes sec user second and in The section implemented quality. be first interfaces the an with of evaluation connected chap the separate Becaus for a important mentioned. with both be credited can is that those Design of UI diversity, few a and just technologi complexity assistive are reality design, augmented game anatomy, and Psychology, knowledge. of fields it system, inte the the of people, capabilities many the For view users. to to window important their very are interfaces User ao Blattner Jakob srItraeDesign Interface User rvosyeitn ol.W r raignwworlds. new a creating in are We objects with world. working existing for previously tools better providing simply ndsgignwssesadapiain,w r not are we applications, and systems new designing In rn om ffebc hc can which feedback of forms erent is h ytm[5]. system the i Usability rn id fdesign of kinds erent iord 97 p.153 1997, Winograd, hi ep Unlike help. their h ei informatics. media CHAPTER e nti work. this in ter fc sntonly not is rface sadvirtual and es otedesign the to ini deeply is tion and fthis of e h last The Utility erent 27 , 3 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 28 .Ue nefc Design Interface User 3. usefulness usability nte osbepstv e positive possible Another Utility and Usability 3.1 h perne aotadnvgto fasse a a can system a of navigation and layout appearance, The ilhv rae di greater have will hc ntal onsvr ml,ad pt lotoeadtoa pers additional one almost to up adds small, very sounds initially which rvdsaltefaue srnes sflesdsrbsth describes Usefulness needs. [44]. user utility a and features the all provides [ HCI in compose it’s Rather, value. evaluable one thro only described of attributes: consist be not can does design Usability interface user big good a of have can outcomes calcul changes Possible be small to seemingly screens that shows, of This number calendar-year. high to the users the to forced due interface However, user poor screen. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Touch Author: . Feedback 3.2 pca omo atcfebc svboatl edak hsi often is This feedback. vibrotactile is feedback haptic of form special A hr r he di three are There design UI in feedback of subject the with deals section following The .. atcFeedback Haptic 3.2.1 .. iulFeedback Visual 3.2.2 ae .Gbo umrzste“.. epne,o self-produced or responses, “[...] the summarizes Gibson J. James lc ewe iulatiue cnrs,oinain oo n move and color orientation, (contrast, attributes visual between place Xdfie h novmn fapro natcnlg,apouto hum a or product a technology, a in person a of involvement the defines UX roeto ngnrl”[ general.” in prioception nemdae ee n ihlvl[ high-level and level intermediate- aecnrles u snta cietuh epecnas eonz di recognize also can People [51]. touch. stimuli active vibrotactile an in not patterns is but controllers, game feedb haptic providing devices scanning. are tactile instance for displays Braille states: s Jordà produced Sergi actual feedback (the Discussing feed feedback passive secondary [48]. user), and as the generation), be supporting sound can metronome for feedback a made auditive gust as instruments as (such music feedback such of primary forms context the other In excluding feedback. instruments, di music Mixing in orientation. feedback tricky[ lose Subsecti be may also in users can mentioned the feedback already otherwise as role, pr important Mapping, and an visualizations crucial. using is also feedback interface, output user tangible a Designing util and/or usability bad or good between decides use which property, intertwined. terms two makes ob UX the with and directly usability usabili interacting between good when However, website experience objects object. user the the positive to be related can everything points service, touching Possible itself. object term the with [ context object the in mentioned also is often Usability nesadbe u thst echrn n epnil. 4,p 5] p. [49, responsible.” and coherent be to has it but understandable, epitdottedi the out pointed he 46 ahe Kamper Raphael T vi rsrtos ytmde o eesrl aet ecomp be to have necessarily not does system a frustrations, avoid “To .Ti osntma htU nyivle h esnsitrcinwit interaction person’s the involves only UX that mean not does This ]. rn eesfrpoesn iulsiuii h ri:low-le brain: the in stimuli visual processing for levels erent 50 47 .48 sfebc.I i work his In feedback. as 478] p. , rne ftuhn o atl cnig n en touched. being and scanning) tactile (or touching of erences .Ti rsn eto el ihhpi,vsa n auditive and visual haptic, with deals section present This ]. 52 .A h o-ee hr sdsicintaking distinction is there low-level the At ]. etisl.Ti relationship This itself. ject c n h sr perform users the and ack bevtoso Active on Observations yi e atrfra for factor key a is ty srexperience user h tr,customer store, the , dcn nauditory an oducing tmlto,o pro- or stimulation, tr rolfactory or atory ity. udvddinto subdivided mlmne in implemented ninterface’s an , et.A the At ment). n211 plays 2.1.1, on rn om of forms erent rn om or forms erent ak(noises back ud such ound) letely an-made ..Feedback 3.2. (UX). the h vel, 29 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 30 Design Interface User 3. xrsieesaddgtlmsclisrmn design instrument musical digital and Expressiveness . h einProcess Design The 3.3 codn oRctradFükgr[ Flückiger and Richter to According exist only music, does as and, persistent not is Feedback Auditive memori past with matched be could it one, as perceived is object an After hsmaiguns ly rca oei h ocp fa of concept the in role crucial a plays meaningfulness This h einpoesi lsl ikdwt h eeomn proce development the with linked closely is process design The .. uiieFeedback Auditive 3.2.3 eoioBroae al.[ et Barbosa Jeronimo iieit v di five into amoun divide small design a interface covers user section on this focuses Therefore mainly but wrong. thematics development simply is [ maintenance other incept based and its the are from fielding software functionalities) to user of through core the stages definition the the behind all of algorithms covers exception process the development the and (with conditions created technical be the to adapt to m influenced hardly it whereas metronome, a with participants. participan guitar untrained a the of challenged strumming feedback, delayed a that al.[ show, et Larsen Veirum e Jeppe the it. with vanishes also Arfi Daniel in described as metaphors visual using by example for ness, constraints. cultural as well cour as of logical is and las That experience the interpreted. past within is individual and feedback feedback this visual processing provide stimuli They interaction. of [ forms Norman Don to according interfaces complex it. paralle highly from and a meaningfulness processin cortex is high-level cerebral perception the the of visual stage, areas all multiple last in including All the process, At place. takes background. recognition and e foreground takes continuation of good of law the surface detecting includes processing of intermediate-level ae nSbeto ..,adi fe iudrto ntecnetof context the in misunderstood often is and 3.4.1, Subsection in later • sblt udln.I hscnet h emue ecie o nyt only not describes user term the is context, process this development In the guideline. [ in usability Nielsen step usage. first and The users anticipated used. is system new Analysis cso eae uioyfebc nnnmsclytandpol.Th people. trained non-musically on feedback auditory delayed of ects h nlsssre oudrtn h sr n h otx nwhi in context the and users the understand to serves analysis The : rn phases: erent 54 rpssteueo iulfebc oaheemr intuitive- more achieve to feedback visual of use the proposes ] 53 c)ad hti elyipr,tediscrimination the import, really is what and, ect) 57 .Gahclojcsd o a not do objects Graphical ]. ,tecr otaedvlpettsscnbe can tasks development software core the ], 44 rtsthat writes ] 56 48 .T a htoecneitwithout exist can one that say To ]. odce srsuyexploring study user a conducted ] [55]. rpris lblcnor (here contours global properties, nwteuser the Know edpneto ahusers each on dependent se racs lomentioned also ordances, s ic h einhas design the since ss, si ycrnzn the synchronizing in ts hogottm but time throughout s o ihrequirements with ion . non processes. ongoing l r lcigo such or clicking ord tg fvisual of stage t safundamental a is nteU.The UI. the on sclytrained usically ’ ta.work al. et b’s oaayethe analyze to rpia user graphical sadderive and es fsoftware of t neurological nefc to interface eprogram he i results eir ,object g, hthe ch Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. hsieaiedvlpet einapoc nue,ta h user the that ensured, approach design development/ iterative This called so the was implementation simple a with starts It use. system the from as well de the in once occurs only stage each means th which in lineary, changed developed phases was these of occurrences of number and sequence The er f(otae eeomn [ development (software) of years ahieainmksdsg hne n dsnwfaue.Tersl ft of result The features. new adds sy and whole changes the until design makes system the iteration improves Each gradually then and requests n elzto h sr a etmcus rttpsadpoiefe provide and prototypes mockups, test During [ can questionnaires. users or the surveys realization system interviews, and current in all the part by of take or problems also system the can the about for feedback requirements giving desi the and respectively observed defining development in of help phase can every users after and in [ involved process cy design design the the into did so changed, cycle development the as and attention and t in both case, in optimal previous the of in development happens, the learning during The t learned versions. so was system system what a leverage develop can incrementally team to is development iterative of [ before out carried being stage the on dependent is h ocalled so the eiefra trtv n dpal eeomn rcs increased. process development adaptable and iterative an for desire 46 elzsti prahi nieaiedsg yl seFgr .) 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 32 Design Interface User 3. paeDesign Update aafo users from data hs rcs oesaete nlzdi h ae ato hswr ( work this of part later the in analyzed then are models process These relevant project, this for The, project. a of part as goal defined a with the on based categorized be can be can t cycle development design in Rosenzweigs resources of less stages consume The prototypes because is This ntepoete fti rjc,weepnamdlbsdo h analy the on based model a whereupon project, this of properties the on di work, this of subsection following requirement the In the developing. of establishing stage helps early also infor the give This in to product process b product. design product the iterative the of about the users in involved potential constantly this, with achieve environment and To [ and concern tasks product. central the need, approach designers ability, use design the users a is the is user about UCD the knowledge context. about (UCD) knowledge design and centered user gen user a a reflect in others usable sequenc models), overall process the of list form and (in approache specific process possible more design many are the of Some one interface. only user is a cycle design iterative Rosenzweigs 3.5). Section (see activities whereas applied is 3.4) Section (see knowledge [ knowledge of de types the two in evaluation of and designing of stages two are there that attention, and and ) iue31 oezeg trtv eincce [46] cycle. design iterative Rosenzweigs 3.1: Figure Development Evaluate 60 r eddfrU ein h stages The design. UI for needed are ] sskoldeotie rmifraingathering information from obtained knowledge uses a eietfida tgsweeue nefc design interface user where stages as identified be can rn C rcs oeswl eexplained. be will models process UCD erent vlaedata Evaluate wt h notation the (with igcetdaeactively are created eing a nse products. finished han so tgst aein take to stages of es ainadfeedback and mation n eino the of design and s rldsg attitude design eral Design rcs oesare models process nwihte will they which in 60 e hpe 6.1) Chapter see .Ti includes This ]. o designing for s i eut is results sis , incycle. sign Prototype hr the where atthat fact collect , Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Cycle neatv systems interactive oeseicapoc oe rmDbrhJ ahwb h name the by Mayhew J. Doborah from comes approach specific more A the is cycle design iterative Another hc sas rsn ntesa,teSa ieCcede o.This not. does Cycle Life Star the star, the in present also is which .. rcs Models Process 3.3.1 n ato neddterlf yl ob qal uprieo both of supportive equally be to cycle life their intended Hartson and loognztoa n aaeilsrtge.Mye mhszsta h re the that emphasizes Mayhew strategies. managerial and organizational also stoppi as act that goals probl usability this quantitative to of solution form A in mechanisms process. c development control and di the management it of resource progress find complicating overall pr They thereby have cycle. complete, often life is managers this iteration project of that nature is, iterative approach highly this de of outside-in drawbacks and the inside-out of to additionally development, bottom-up the with start processes certai other A Where the must. a cycle. and is this current participation in the user [ missing i between high also process stages out and development contained carried all thus the be at are of relevant to Errors end is has always evaluation the evaluation The at the just evaluation. not the and is cycle star the of point di 3.5.2. cycle: subsection com design in Rosenzweigs the discussed at represents be unti stated solution evaluated, already This and As produced cycle. requirements. being desired is the solution two met those design between a iterates where now u stages, process of context The underlying requirements. the understand user to have designers for the 9241-210 step Standard ISO the models, process with Starting thesis. the of part practical the for selected [ 63 n nldsntol eurmnsaayi,dsg n etn te testing and design analysis, requirements only not includes and ] iue32 h e rcs tp fteIOSadr 2120[57] 9241-210 Standard ISO the of steps process key The 3.2: Figure seFgr .)dfie orsesi h einpoes ntefirs the In process. design the in steps four defines 3.2) Figure (see trLf Cycle Life Star yHxadHartson[ and Hix by utt eiewe particular a when decide to cult rn vlainmtoswill methods evaluation erent 60 eurmnsspecification, requirements .Ti lomas that means, also This ]. e olwdb specifying by followed se, srcnee-einof user-centered-design n h olwn two following the and lto ftedesign the of pletion eomn [ velopment mi oestablish to is em trigpitis point starting n ..TeDsg Process Design The 3.3. ouinhas solution a l 61 beswt the with oblems olwn phase. following nrloe the over ontrol sbcueHix because is o-onand top-down sblt Life Usability .Tecentral The ]. hius but chniques, grules. ng presented h life the n 61 .One ]. t 33 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 34 Design Interface User 3. lnCoe [ Cooper Alan h etapoc pcfiso n eti tpi h eeomn pro development the in step certain one on specifies approach next The nieaiedvlpetcce ecmisfiemjrcagst tradit to process: ph changes design design major its five the in commits that methods He describes, development cycle. Cooper development goals. iterative and an needs user’s the meet di t context. as underlying methods, the UCD and out, users carry the to of helping import understanding least the k the at the emphasizes or lack out, Mayhew carrying often nevertheless, members teams But human-cent development into addition, activities. translated In UCD be project. simply single est not a The can in organization projects. various an in of process processes en the possible complic circumstances applying entirely a the never while that thus all problems however, is cover represents, noted, not Mayhew be may going as application should coverage, not an It is designing itself 3.4. as cycle Figure such the in size, viewed resulting are be cycl the that can design of phases the Because and represents whole. methods Mayhew a many related. contains Lookin clearly it order, process. that their development noticeable whole is the it throughout cycle, applied be can methods rn ra n e fitrcinpicpe n atrst provid to patterns and principles interaction of set a and areas erent • • hssol etre rud einn h rdcscmltl b completely products the designing around, turned be should This ea sso spsil n h eingtapida h n ftework. the of end the responsibilities at Separate applied got done. design been has the programming and possible as soon as began second Program first, Design 64 iue33 h trLf yl yHxadHrsn[62] Hartson and Hix by Cycle Life Star The 3.3: Figure tts that states, ] h epniiiyfrtedsg n h responsibility the and design the for responsibility The : olDrce Design Goal-Directed nteoddy,a oprsae,teprogramming the stated, Cooper as days, old the In : GD obnsmtosfrom methods combines (GDD) ahwrpre another reported Mayhew . rmsatt ns as finish to start from e bihddevelopment ablished oldet perform to nowledge ob icse,but discussed, be to neo l project all of ance s tefi atof part is itself ase es h design. the cess, ouin that solutions e onee.Full countered. i strengthens his oa software ional rdprocesses ered ntrsof terms in , tdprocess ated ttelife the at g fr any efore Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. • • • iue34 h sblt niern ieCceb eoa .Mye [ Mayhew J. Deborah by Cycle Life Engineering Usability The 3.4: Figure attepormt ees ocd.Teecagsotnla oadi a to lead often changes These code. to easy be to program the want h eincmuiao o h ecito fteproduct. produc the the of for description responsible the is for communicator designer design The the communicator. two design of a and teams in Work goal. the achieve to needed de process all creat a direct these is goals from These di derived process. a Goals Coopers and that. of prevents foundation paper, portrait the composite of represent a sheet personas, a of on use The user specific. being without user personas of i importance results The This like. with. p clear the looks something be it designers, to what for has satisfaction and user behaves for product responsibility the how from satisfaction de user the for of Responsibility goal main product. the the change of and use user of the ease by the programmers product by the production with of interaction middle e the responsibilities in Divided made not separated. are be changes significant should programming the for rn otss oprdfie ola nedcniin hra task a whereas condition, end an as goal a defines Cooper tasks. to erent w epems easge oalpoettas designer a teams: project all to assigned be must people Two : aaesadpormesue otl bu the about talk to used programmers and Managers : h epniiiyfrue aifcinresults satisfaction user for responsibility The : oetmanagement roject ..TeDsg Process Design The 3.3. fa idealized an of indecisions sign dpersonas ed sr that nsure clear a n design, t 63] signer, erent who 35 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 36 .Ue nefc Design Interface User 3. fe hs rcs oes h eane fti eto sdevot is section this of remainder the models, process these After osmaietedsusdapoce bv,ue-etrddesi user-centered above, approaches discussed the summarize To .. einAttitudes Design 3.3.2 i-href ti loipratfrtedsg rcs hc use which [65]. process is collaboration which design successful decision the a A for to important user. contribute also th the is to in It involvement left user be him-/herself. of should degree decisions which the cor and questioned the thereby be always He not opposite. might process Additi design [ period. the Nielsen implementation in the decisions lengthen users may the extensive and However, costly tasks. be about might information accurate more bring should [ use they products of approach design general collaborative first The goals. their is and attitudes design interesting) cycle. design iterative an and evaluation the regarding uncertainty of kind any for phase implemented. available questions last be raises The solution should detail. design designers more sophisticated designe with a the but Even phase, phase, development. refining framing ( the the shape in to physical e design Similar and the the designers. phase, design the definition visual by framework behavior, created the product In be as design. such connection the concept, the of which di framework in of the definition models and requirements diagram the and anal of personas through consists are discovered Dur results being data. The are qualitative patterns phase. provide workflow implementat and to actual behavior studies project’s phase, the field before ethnographic stage uses design phase the of roughl part be can being itself approach GDD phases: The six quality, product documentation. improved improved and benefits: time major three outlines Cooper einn fScin33,teue sntol nlddi h evaluati the in included only not is user the 3.3), Section of beginning ehd,btcnatvl atcpt ntedsg rcs.This process. design the in participate actively can but methods, rnils h al ou nue novmn,uigmeasurabl using involvement, user on focus early the principles: atcptr Design Participatory iue35 h olDrce einApoc yCoe ta.[64] al. et Cooper by Approach Design Directed Goal The 3.5: Figure 44 ttd tms eadd htNlo locamdtecmlt comple complete the claimed also Nilson that added, be must It stated. ] Research , Modeling atcptr eini h ietivleeto epei the in people of involvement direct the is design Participatory . , Requirements 65 , .I otatt C epandi the in (explained UCD to contrast In ]. Framework , rn id.Tetidphase third The kinds. erent Refinement saebigslce to selected being are rs sblt rtrafor criteria usability e ett vr einby design every to left eue development reduced dt frti thesis this (for to ed saetkn aeof care taking are rs we sr models, user, tween saotsupporting about is ettigt o as do, to thing rect rcalne.The challenges. or nrsso three on rests gn sr involvement users o.Teresearch The ion. nly following onally, einprocess design e srinvolvement user and fapial)is applicable) if en discussed being nb di by on n h second the ing sso h first the of ysis iie into divided y tr product ntire eint be to design Support erent all , te Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. . einKnowledge Design 3.4 di highlighted having After of integration the is approach Another hyas lc hmevswligyi efrac-iesituati performance-like in willingly themselves place also They state: flow the create and influence which di with p and social in engage to users invites approach playful a enables which av sr epn etrt h lyu ulte fteobject the of qualities playful the to better respond users naive rdc ob eeoe slreybsdo hskolde hnignor When knowledge. this on compl based set and largely consistency a is promote developed fixate deci and be record should design to They of designers product come. automation the to the interface facilitates process the see, work for participat theories the before and in principles designers Early the by obtained process. be must knowledge Design imp and designing of basis the build which knowledge to dedicated is if environments. matter public no in everywhere, or found transport reh be in and can health locations [ for Applicable i change, fun appearing results. behavior for of achieve just risk to also user’s education, but the in lower are greatly application usage of of rules clear no have u which TUIs the to enthusiastically respond users first-time that [ Robson d Barbosa anxious. feels is user activity the the characteriz demanding, If is too It it’s user. if possible. the as bored, by involvement users feels and many enjoyment as of for flow degree this havin achieve to that and/or implicates, o This challenges individual. the the between brin balance by to perfect used possessed a be skills to also due can activity Playfulness an get. can people which called [ in fun state emotion: a positive as a leaves it because • • • • h activity the interest Intrinsic activity Curiosity activity the focus Attention Control flow rn kl eespeet h einr utas implement also must designers the present, levels skill erent 67 lwi odto nwihpol eoettlyimre nperf in immersed totally become people which in condition a is Flow . eiwdfiesudty o o-uial rie epe i concl His people. trained non-musically for toys sound five reviewed ] h es fcnrluesfe vrtepoesadteactivity’ the and process the over feel users control of sense the : h ereo mgnto n uist tmltdwiepromn t performing while stimulated curiosity and imagination of degree the : owa xetueswr itatdo bobdwieperforming while absorbed or distracted were users extent what to : 66 owa xetueswr outrl nae n oiae by motivated and engaged voluntarily were users extent what to : .Apaflapoc eue h iet civ h wanted the achieve to time the reduces approach playful A ]. rn rpriso h einpoes h olwn section following the process, design the of properties erent playfulness 66 .Broae l [ al. et Barbosa ]. noa plcto.A interface An application. an into rdb h ak n the and tasks the by ered 54 ra agtgroup target broad a g n.Ulk musicians, Unlike ons. .Nwitrae that interfaces New s. e lyu approach. playful a sed in o l ate to parties all for sions osdrplayfulness consider ] thm,i h o the in home, at fie orproperties, four efines eetn solutions. lementing cmeet Areas ncompetent. o ay h user the easy, too yia interaction hysical clbedi scalable n rforgetting or ing epei so a in people g ..Dsg Knowledge Design 3.4. n nadesign a in ing fguidelines, of db high a by ed tns.The eteness. abilitation outcome s so was, usion orming culty ce, he 37 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Ue nefc Design Interface User 3. 38 scooia Principles Psychological eyfnaetlapc fhmn sterpyhlgclperception. psychological their is humans of aspect fundamental very A h einkoldeepandi hsscini udvddint subdivided is section this in explained knowledge design The h hr ru fpicpe sdvtdt h iulsrcueo t of structure visual the to devoted is principles of group third The the principle, second The kn prior their apply them lets icon calculator a using calculators, e.g. indicat with red If on. so and layouts styles, fonts, color, to applies This use in base knowledge important an represent examples following The .. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ue fitraedesign interface of rules h atgopo scooia rnilsdaswt htfrhmn,i i it humans, for that with deals principles psychological of group last The vraswt h led explained already the with overlaps al.[ in encounters et recognize experienced Shneiderman to previously ability of familiarity the to inf is due the recognition events describes whereas Recalling memory, it. long-term recall our to than information recognize similar (b) proximity, p.94] (a) [60, symmetry principles: (e) Gestalt and five continuity The 3.6: Figure 1 • • • • • e auaBdusatceo eoyrcgiinadrcl nue interfac user in recall and recognition memory on article Budiu’s Raluca See iuegon segregation Figure-ground 3.6e). Figure (see figures coherent as borders symmetry of Principle 3.6d). Figure (see point ending their beyond 3.6c). 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Ue nefc Design Interface User 3. 40 eie rmtredcdso xeineadcvr ayapcso UI of comp aspects be many cannot) covers (and and is experience rules of of decades list three their from that derived highlight They out. left for the as appear to background actual sol the a causing [68] circumstances, background, some as Under perceived Segregation. be Ground Figure The 3.7: Figure 1. 4. 3. 2. ihteue’ nu.Teeaedi are There input. user’s the with nerrbtrte nyhv orpaetefut part. faulty the inpu replace whole to the have retype only to s rather have interface but not error the should an error, user an the makes example, user v previous o the alphabetic and If allowing error not field. the and input items numeric menu a out in grayed are Examples errors. completed. been accompl errors has and Prevent transaction satisfaction a of that feeling information a the in results fee be informative sequence would Giving a example of end. end and the middle at beginning, a with groups into closure yield to dialogs Design 3.2. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. fe oeigtebscpyhlgclpicpe fU ein h fol the design, UI of principles psychological basic the covering After h atpicpepeetdi hssbeto a enfudin found been has subsection this in presented principle last interfaces The user tangible for important the how very obvious are be principles should it two that Those states principle second the whereas .. Guidelines 3.4.2 xeiet n miia tde.Gieie r oi fdisc of topic a are f Guidelines counter-examples and studies. examples empirical containing and experiments appearance, and usage of terms [ appears scenario certain di specify Guidelines context. this design of certain knowledge a the for to contrast created in are, which guidelines highlights [ 2.3): Bennett Subsection interfaces. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Ue nefc Design Interface User 3. 42 h olwn he udlnsb abs ta.[ al. et Barbosa by guidelines three following The r sdi h pcfi aeo nisalto lyn ui na infin an in music playing people. installation trained an non-musically of from case controlled specific being the in used are with contact follow The purpose. their to according di categorized be th can put, Guidelines Simply specific. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. . ahrn Information Gathering 3.5 fe oeigtebscdsg nweg o hstei,tefoll the thesis, this for knowledge design basic the covering After hsscincvr l opnnswihocri h rcs fgatherin of process the in occur which components all covers section This .. ulttv n uniaieData Quantitative and Qualitative 3.5.1 curn hsfrso aaweestels uscinepan the explains subsection last the whereas data of forms this acquiring ulttv n uniaieaetetotpso olcal aai th dat in Qualitative data subsection). collectable following of the types in two (explained the evaluation are quantitative and Qualitative information. gathered the distinguishing and t managing of definition the contains subsection first The process. design a in th ne di gathered the are determine be which to must interface, used and the then of based is i quality information user the This to mainly prior is process. acquired design knowledge already this is user, which knowledge, the design to contrast In des a of start the before obtained completely be not can which knowledge fdt hc a egtee.Tefloigsbeto xlisdi explains subsection following The gathered. be can which data of • • tnsfra ietacsil ucinlt hnteue s nin an use user coupli the and Dir when confusion functionality mapping. accessible direct reducing of direct by usage an the user for with stands the controls input for inpu of standard start number said reduced easier of sc an number buttons, achieve the (knobs, minimizing to interaction means the capacity for input user low the to visible mappings: controls direct and capacity input Low 3.4). for essential Section is in which (explained he skill, state also and flow can challenge the it between Therefore u t balance advanced Additionally, optimal novices. for for their skills features enjoyment. new basic to of the linked development compromising the might been allow which has can user turn functionalities the of in curiosity which the use, raises also It possibilities. osblte fvsa edakwl edsusdi subsection in i discussed and be properties will importance, sin feedback The a visual screen). 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 44 Design Interface User 3. eerhMethods Research fe nlzn n vlaig(e eto ..)tegtee aa h out the data, gathered the 3.5.2) section (see evaluating and analyzing After hc ..gvsisgt bu y oeeto h cen os cli mouse screen, the on movement eye about insights gives e.g. which h vlainpoestist vlaete nscin31covered 3.1 section in the, evaluate to tries process evaluation The di two the gathering of process the treats subsection next The .. sblt Evaluation Usability 3.5.2 eso led xss [46]. exists) already version uscin341wihi h oedtie xlnto sntneeded not is explanation detailed more a why from is comes which rules 3.4.1 selected subsection for example expert testing, An user problems. to potential Compared finds percent. only 70 u already a experts examine three to [ problems rules usability selected typical use for professionals testing, expert In e learnability, di two in done be can evaluation Usability thesis. the of subsection this in explained prototypes. updated or new thus and requirements monitoring new rate in heart (e.g. ar sensing URMs bio generating with quantitative tasks for res and Examples ethnographic questionnaires groups, data. qualitative focus generate under interviews, aloud summarized like are Methods data 7. of chapter types two the prev of a one (if provide release that new Methods a before or [ development of responded user stages the early how the of in [ description done data rich of a i amount provides later larger hand done somethin a generally did collect user are generally a methods t and times Quantitative of many approach. outcome how quantitative final present a to the wants about designer thinking the use If to methods which q considering no Having interview. kn an up of sum form can’t in and gathered behavior specialists design measurable from successful not example) a about resear insight promises answer bring both can can’t of alone alone combination data The measu quantitative be alone. can nor completely and qualitative numeric Neither is which [ data units. of description consists verbal data rich quantitative a data, include that stakeholders other tsol entdta oto hs vra ihtedsg principl design the with overlap these of most that noted be should It rtm ewe os lcso h sr lomse u aubeinf valuable out misses also user, the of clicks mouse between time or • • • srcnrladfreedom and control User world real and system between Match status system of Visibility iny eoaiiy h ubro rosadue satisfaction. user and errors of number the memorability, ciency, h Rsbigue ntecneto hswr ilb xlie in explained be will work this of context the in used being URMs The . 70 .A xetfid ttsial 5preto l problems, all of percent 25 statistically finds expert An ]. rn as xettsigadue testing. user and testing expert ways, erent 46 .Aqaiaieapoc nteother the on approach qualitative A ]. 69 .I otatt qualitative to contrast In ]. 69 .Ti prahi often is approach This ]. e nefc specifically interface ser trbtso usability: of attributes , ,ti ol suggest would this g, rn ye fdata of types erent etn sfse,but faster, is testing ac n thinking and earch rain When ormation. edt a help. can data he reetracking). eye or atttv data, uantitative osapplication ious uei data Numeric . . sdsusdin discussed es k e second per cks e nstandard in red h iecycle life the n h term the hquestions ch oeresults come ile [ Nielsen weg (for owledge surveys, e User 71 ]. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. hnigaloud thinking su A hnuigsi rdc.Tikn lu sotnhr od o h us the for do to hard often is aloud Thinking product. said using when di are There u participating of number ideal the for question the arises also There usabilit called also is testing involved user mentioned before The v epeprtssi nuh[ enough is tasks per people five icsigteitrcini idih.I diint h einotosalre options design th the gives to This addition recorded. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Ue nefc Design Interface User 3. 46 fe olcigdt ihtehl ftedsrbdmtos the methods, described the of help the with data collecting After h sdtcnlg tnsi ietcneto ihteenvironmen the with connection direct in stands technology used The oksye r l atr nUs nesadn h nelcul ph intellectual, the Understanding UIs. in factors backgr all personalities, are motivations, styles work abilities, human of diversity The .. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h motneo dniyn,gteigrqieet n h unde the and requirements gathering identifying, of importance The fue novmn r h w otcmo esn h otaeproject software why reasons common most two the are involvement user of emcncet naporaeslto.Amr ealddsrpino Require of 7.2. description Section detailed p in more found the u A that be of solution. can so needs appropriate Engineering communicated the an and that create managed, ensure can handled, to team strives are which stakeholders method other a and as be requ up in by summed are exclusion prevented they mutual be when the can and is mistakes solving requirements are in they require mistake problems adequate possible what Without sure high. not very are therefore developers is stakeholder the all [ eurmnsaeamjrkyt ucs n h onaino n devel any of foundation the and success to key major a are Requirements 65 .Asuyb h tnihGopsosta nopeerequiremen incomplete that shows Group Standish the by study A ]. • • • • seSbeto ..) srsois esns(e uscin713 an 7.1.3) Subsection (see personas stories, user 7.2.2), Subsection (see ihtepout hrfr,ue eurmnsdsrb what describe requirements user Therefore, product. the with l srrqieet a egtee ttebgnigo rjc [ project a of beginning th the is, at this gathered behind be reason can The requirements cycles. user design all iterative for reason main requirement user represent to Examples system. the with do to to assigned be can Requirements subsyste functions User hardware system certain and so software system, both a include of humans. may part it also are or Humans software all be may Requirements System ii h hie vial otedsge o einadconstructi and design for designer the to available limitati choices implementation the and limit includ design features describe These which requirements developers. or e users robustness, either to important are called Requirements Non-functional tasks their accomplish [ e.g.: to requirements users business enable the to satisfying developers the by mented upon. based Requirements is Functional UCD don which be on must circumstance requirements A of definition process. and understanding further a ecitos ahrn l srrqieet,o tlattrying least at or requirements, user all Gathering descriptions. h ytmsalemi eevto ofimto oteuser. the to confirmation reservation a e-mail shall system The ult attributes quality iny nert n otblt.Teeaeas te non-function other also are There portability. and integrity ciency, en ol rtssta h sr utb bet perform to able be must users the that tasks or goals define ecietetplvlrqieet o rdc.Asystem A product. a for requirements top-level the describe ult trbtsdsrb h rdc’ rpristhat properties product’s the describe attributes Quality . eurmnsEngineering Requirements ecietefntoaiyo h otaebigimple- being software the of functionality the describe nld efrac ol n ecitoso so of descriptions and goals performance include 73 .Teerqieet are requirements These ]. eurmnsegneigcan engineering Requirements . rmns hsadother and This irements. h srwl eable be will user the etdfiiin the definition, ment ..GteigInformation Gathering 3.5. nld s cases use include s sadn among rstanding no h product. the of on n.Constraints ons. shall es customers, sers, od o sthe is so, do to petactivity opment ntedesign the in e oe Another done. 60 aeo use, of ease e tsml not simply at n thereby and sadlack and ts .T oso, do To ]. statements, scenario d al[ fail s ments roject 57 ms. al ]. 47 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Author: modeling uia robotics musical . ui Theory Music 4.1 codn oBea ta.mciemusicianship: machine al. et Bretan to According h edo ui hoycnit fmlil ujcssc sacoust as such subjects multiple of consists theory music of field The ato ui hoy u sntapiddrn h einpoeso i or process design the im during an applied is better. not work instance, present is for this Notation, but provide understand theory, work. section music this present for of The meaningful part ones. are important that few concepts a of name to rhythm and wi OSC and MIDI basics. p as theory, very such music the protocols of on overview common an including provide algorithms we generating sections following the In [ Driscoll Scott and Weinberg Gil eeoigarbtcprusoitcle al.I hswr hydi they work this In Haile. called percussionist robotic a developing aiu set fmscpreto,cmoiin efrac,adthe and performance, composition, perception, music of aspects various 1 .100] represe p. 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Sound 4.1.2 .. hsclPicpe fMusic of Principles Physical 4.1.1 sarfrnevletehaigtrsodi endfr0,0002 for defined is threshold hearing the value reference a As hssbeto el ihaosisadgvsa nrdcint comm to introduction an gives and acoustics with deals subsection This hr r aial w ye fsudwvs rnvreadlongitudi and transverse waves: sound of types two basically are There sam the at pressure sound a and phon, 40 to equal is sone 1 introduced. was h pe fsuddpnso h eimadadtoa aaees but parameters, additional and medium the on depends sound of speed The au sprevdtiea odo afa oda ie rqec.The frequency. given a at loud as half or loud as twice perceived is value oisoclaetases,maigvria otebd uha a as such body the to vertical meaning and transverse, sound oscillate musical a bodies F already is oscillation. tone basic natural the a of mu that overtones means or or this instrume natural partial perspective music A being common continu waves, synthesizers. by and sine using or multiple periodic electronically naturally regular, occur produced a not is by does it defined tone is sinus tone or a pure whereas noise, a as [ type oscillation sone. 2 be would loud as conclusion twice any perceived allow scal not phon does a It of intensity. development sound the frequenc given enables which a This shows at now Hz. loudness scale 1.000 in This at dB frequencies. 0 according p to the loudness equal As is is dB. loudness phon 0 perceived as 0 subjective expressed the be quantifiable, can objectively threshold hearing the a that is means Decibel di sour level source. sound sound sound the the the from reflects around distance and spatially the measure spreads of power square sound (W/m as the region amou decreases a the pressure in to sound interval refers time of and per (dB) passes sou decibel wave the ( in sound during microbar specified molecules in is se air intensity specified 1/15 the sound is about by pressure is produced Sound and pressure m/s. time alternating 343,8 reaction is called it is oscillation Celcsius human regular a of by case perceived the be in can sound tone a a hum perceive the we reach [ air) vibrations otherwise those g. if r (e. and is medium form, body a wave elastic in an spatially by propagates It generated vibration perceivable auditory Every work Haider’s Kurt follows subsection the of structure [76]. 2 1 nGra eesudwudbs erfre oas to referred be best would sound here Theory. German Music In into Introduction An Engl.: 76 .Tehaigrnege rm1 o2.0 z h hrettm interval time shortest The Hz. 20.000 to 16 from goes range hearing The ]. 76 .A reua,used,aeidclytp foclaini percei is oscillation of type aperiodically unsteady, irregular, An ]. rnebtentoitniiso on pressure. sound of intensities two between erence Klang . ifhugi i Musiktheorie die in Einführung 2 .Teitniyo h amount the of intensity The ). eerdt spo,whereas phon, as to referred e r ecie equally perceived are ies µ µ n .0 z This Hz. 1.000 and b utrsrn.Liquids string. guitar ia oecnit of consists tone sical dpoaain The propagation. nd to on nrya energy sound of nt )addsrbsthe describes and b) fre oa sound. as to eferred 2 u silto.A oscillation. ous eed nthe on depends , a ae.Solid waves. nal ope wave. complex a eoe h sone the refore, reto snot is erception o physical a rom ntrs The terms. on nerthrough ear an hc phon which s t.Usually nts. ranoise a or s logarithmic e because ce, frequency e t20 at with e cond. ved ¶ 1 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. eprmn n Tuning and Temperament 4.1.5 Parameters Sound 4.1.4 ae yuigtbs o ntne nvbahns nsrn instrum string In vibraphones. in instance, for tubes, using by waves composition the basically is but factors, multiple on depends Timbre mean pitch (1) sound: a describing parameters important four are There h nefrneo ae ed oete xaso fteamplitud the of expansion either to leads waves of interference The ..) diinlyt h neligpyia rnils ther principles, physical underlying the to Additionally 4.1.5). hw h rqec eain o hsoetn eis h freq The series. called overtone is this this for only, relations overtunes frequency their the regarding shows tuned are tones If by absorbed and surfaces, hard by reflect reflected i and is surfaces. is resonance sound vibration of as the combination reverberation, and the as context bodies, architectural solid In to attached body. are strings the guitars, reson wa construction instrument the In if space. reached arc enclosing is hall the resonance, concert in called spatially to waves, construction sound instrument of intensification from crucial is Resonance hav only that interfere unpleasant. waves as If shifted. are phases di the am if sustain out or other damping [ amplitude, as envelope such called factors are multiple tone on depending a di during on played parameters tone above fundamental the in Changes or timbre overtones. the (4) through and ampli tone perception (2) sound tone, of fundamental duration perceived Her (3) in the loudness, specified lower respective frequency, the words other frequency in the second, per oscillations of 4.2). Subsection (see sounds of perception human the calculat influencing be can relations frequency ove the and 16, fundamental to [ the interval 1 Given from them ones. numbering harmonic and no Membranophon up metallophones frequencies. or and overtones harmonic random, called those th so produce called are instruments also fundamental all frequency the basic except eard the frequencies the of all reaching multiples waves integer transverse longitudi are into to harmonics transformed transform are waves waves transverse all The and lengthwi instrument. move wind particles a meaning in longitudinal, oscillates (air) gases or rneo e et,i oe oapeoeo aldba hti usuall is that beat called phenomenon a to comes it Hertz, few a of erence Tecaie,freape a togodnmee atas h flu 11] The p. partials. [77, odd-numbered partials.” strong even-numbered has strong example, for clarinet, “The 76 .Oetnsla ocmlctoswe uiga ntuet(e S (see instrument an tuning when complications to lead Overtones ]. rn ntuet otlkl eut ndi in results likely most instruments erent r scocutce psychoacoustic are e ec eain r given are relations uency tr nesf h sound the intensify ators uttuning just e atas[ partials per facmlxmusical complex a of io frequency minor a e elk narcolumn air an like se a ae nteair the in waves nal udmna,and fundamental, e nslk iln or violins like ents z(z,telower the (Hz), tz efisconvenient fits ve ueo h wave the of tude rcneseach cancels or e suulycreate usually es tnie ythe by ntensified o srfre to referred is ion u.Pril or Partials rum. 77 ietr.The hitecture. di diatonic a in ed n h number the ing rn envelopes erent oto porous or soft .Tesame The ]. ns others. ongst oequality. tone iue4.1 Figure . ehas te perceived y ..MscTheory Music 4.1. ubsection 77 rtones .Not ]. ects 51 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .McieMusicianship Machine 4. 52 seSbeto 4.2). Subsection (see sae.Teeaepet fsae eeoe hogothsoy nm In history. throughout developed scales of plenty are There (space). hte rnttetidtn samjro io hr,dtrie wh determines third, minor or major a is tone third the not or Whether .. Triad 4.1.7 .. ic pc n Harmony and Space Pitch 4.1.6 stenm ugss rascnito he oe rpthsi hscon this in pitches or tones three of consist triads suggests, name the As caeit 2ses ahse en eioese.Tefreque The step. semitone a being step each steps, 12 into octave trigfo udmna rro,tetidtn n h fhtn make tone fifth triad the minor and or tone major as third in known the summary simplifying root, a or give fundamental only a we and from trivial Starting not is triads behind triad. [ the sounds Harmon is of harmony di scales. relation compos those as and algorithmic with (chords) music, to associations composition of comes socio-cultural to it perception leading when the places role in crucial course a the of play in can pitches of scales relations musical states, name the as with, deals space Pitch s matching perfectly not mathematically correct to tries brain is human : factor 1 step terms semitone other one in or 1:2 is called so that potenc the problem as is the both, problem to never [ leads but synchronize quints, This never or mathematically etc. octaves quart tuned 3:4 perfectly quint, have 2:3 octave, 1:2 by 4 3 hsmasa nevlsz ftre(io)o or(ao)semitones. (major) four or (minor) three of size interval an means This Molldreiklang. oder Dur- Deutsch iue41 amncoetn eis[7 .1,Eape2-2]. Example 11, p. [77, series overtone Harmonic 4.1: Figure ekese tuning Werkmeister 12 Ô 12 Ô 2 3 12 2 ao en rqec eaino : n io 6:5 minor and 5:4 of relation frequency a means Major . uhkn fitra iiinol ok eas the because works only division interval of kind Such . hsrslsi h aclbefeunyrlto that relation frequency calculable the in results This . 76 .2] h otyacpe uigt ov this solve to tuning accepted mostly The 29]. p. , nrdcdi 61 ekese iie an divided Werkmeister 1691. in introduced 76 rn clshv eeoe ndi in developed have scales erent .Oeo h otipratrltosin relations important most the of One ]. c eaino noctave an of relation ncy e ftoo he can three or two of ies ciemusicianship achine rqec spectrum frequency mtn distances emitone et h theory The text. el ihthe with deals y ti commonly is at hssubsection. this o a either can you to and ition triad. a erent 4 . Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. adtmn)i rca seto ui.Tedsrpino htmh rhythm of description The music. of aspect crucial a is timing) (and di scales minor (harmonic) sol)o rso(eyfs)[ fast) (very presto or (slowly) enege l [ al. et Weinberg .. Chords 4.1.8 ..0Rhythm 4.1.10 Scales 4.1.9 smnindi h bv eto,oepoet famscltn sdurat is tone musical a of property one section, above the in mentioned As chor a called is together sounding tones three than more of combinations All idwcnann oe o ass.Tetcu raiainit recur into organization tactus The pauses). (or notes containing window B versa. vice and perceived is it faster the rate, bpm the higher The wor this concerning issues important of overview short a provide we scales[ musical oldest the of one as considered is scale pentatonic The ecpino h ui pe n a egvnb ecitv words descriptive by given be may and speed music the of perception uiinhp tdaswt h opttoa oeigo ih n lo and high- of modeling computational the with deals It musicianship. as: defined is rhythm Owen a to is according Tactus and tactus. meter and called pe meter level. term is quarter-note the beat the introduce waltz at to the music need because rock we is the levels per This and is level beat pieces. note waltz music dotted-half Viennese rock the most example than For form levels. multiple on occur work this of part not is earlier, mentioned we as which, system, notation tim five quint a by up going and fundamental a at starting G-D-A-E. by given is tones acc the in reflects also This T octave. states. the triads. name within the [ semitone as scale tenth the tones, to on whole steps of tone only half consists or instance, whole for of scale, number tone the define scales Musical scale. minor or major a into fit consonantly form could special chord a power occurs often dischord. there as music chord a (rock) to guitar referred [ in is harmony Especially consonant it a created, is produce tones dissonance those of that amount property chord’s a not 5 e h liaegia iifrfrhrinformation. further for wiki guitar ultimate the See 5 fsud flne rsotrdrto.Ryh a rmyntcnomto conform not may or cont may 30] Rhythm a p. as duration. [77, perceived shorter meter.” is or a Rhythm longer time. of in sounds events of musical of pattern “The tcnit ftretns ot fhadotv.Ti sisfrim insofar is This octave. and fifth root, tones: three of consists It . 74 .2]ageta htmcpreta oeigi upr fmachine of subpart is modeling perceptual rhythmic that argue 29] p. , rb h aftn tp rmtetidt orhadninth and fourth to third the from steps tone half the by er 77 ,bti sal esrdi et e iue(bpm). minute per beats in measured usually is but ], rigmjro minor or major ording h ocle power called so the , utbecoe time chosen suitable oudrtn note understand To evdi di a in ceived a ecpincan perception eat 77 .Tmoi the is Tempo k. aiyrle na on relies eavily -ee rhythmic w-level 76 igpten is patterns ring .I h highest the If ]. uha adagio as such 77 Nevertheless, . .Odrn of Ordering ]. cie tthe at rceived emjrand major he .Tewhole The ]. otn sa as portant inuity s .g - C g. e. es, ..MscTheory Music 4.1. ,bti is it but d, o.Time ion. erent 53 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 54 .McieMusicianship Machine 4. Probleme . ui Perception Music 4.2 .. etl scooyadSynaesthesia and Psychology Gestalt 4.2.1 lhuhtepeoeo shr ovrf,e .we epeseclr for colors see people when g. e. verify, to hard is phenomenon the Although hsmasta h/ei o erdcn h u ftefre perce former the of sum the reproducing not is she/he that means This hsmasta vntog h rqec eain ontsihl di slightly not do relations frequency the though even that means This hni oe otevraie ecito fpreto.I i w his In perception. of description verbalized the to comes it when di is Tongestalt sal di usually l g rus(nldn odes edt altelf beti figu in object left the call to object tend right toddlers) the pseudowords (including the groups using age originally all was he then back associat general some be to seems there Additionally context. musical phenom s called This is others people. al.: with some et along this Ramachandran for stimuli to music, music specific to of ac associating listening perception or an sensing visual When in and resulting phenomenons. auditory stimuli complex both specific more sensing are (memorize of there every relation for unique the are Besides relations those and relations, of complex Tonges about wrote who 1886, from findings Mach’s Ernst on [ based is It Ehrenfels[ quality). von Christian 1890 In di the if favor perceived in is detuning interval 40%[ the to correct w amounts humans reason correction that The The is tune relation. 4.1.5). [ of frequency tone Subsection out sine slightly (see pure be presented a can already in were like human existent tuning that non and meaning are overtones, they subjective are if there even that notable is It abstract more stability. also rhythmic but or similarity beat, as or such tempo perceptions of detection including percepts oe,teeaeas soitospol ae h ontprev th perceive not do who have, people associations also are there tones, 79 .2](nl:tn etl) o hefl rwtecnlso htth that conclusion the drew Ehrenfels Von gestalt). tone (engl.: p.128] , xeine estosi n oaiywe eodmdlt sst is modality pers second normal 4] a otherwise when p. an modality [80, which one in in sensations condition experiences curious a is “Synaesthesia ölrwoeaotwa snwdy nw stebouba/kiki-e the as known nowadays is what about wrote Köhler r ecp o epewt naslt ic)fo t rgnltn hei tone original its from pitch) absolute an with people for (except ers Takete rn rmtesmo igetns oi n erdcsamld,it melody, a reproduces one if So tones. single of sum the from erent . rnei ihntetlrnearea. tolerance the within is erence 78 nrdcdtetr etleqaiä eg.gestalt (engl. Gestaltenqualität term the introduced ] Maluma 76 76 .Tepolm ftemperament of problems The ]. .3]o eioedistance. semitone a of 30] p. , and Takete nshsa According ynesthesia. odn perception, cording ecieovertones perceive s speoeo na in phenomenon is ork e4.2 re oshmn link humans ions imulated.” )Tongestalt. d) Psychologische n subjective and [ r h closest the er, 82 ol edto lead could pcfi music specific fa integer an of Maluma to,bta but ption, yintervals hy c [ ect eoyor melody e .Pol of People ]. on 81 nnof enon ,but ], and talt ght. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. . Algorithms 4.3 .. hr itr fMscGnrto Algorithms Generation Music of History Short 4.3.1 . oilapproach[83]. torial century. 20th the in analysis and works. production his music into in combinatorics used concept a is patterns[ Kircher Athanasius work this on Based cont this notable: In is composition. 1316) algorithmic - of 1213 approach (about first Lullus a Raimunuds as di considered to be mapped can are that text in demonstrative work for his machines in of construction [ the development purposes and rapid encouraged fields findings scientific withi mathematical changed of new only when This Baroque devices. and playback mainly are approaches Eearly 5). 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[83, corresponding statements.” (data, generates independently base knowledge (hard a structure underlying diagrams), its th to the of due rules to that and system definitions a components, creates the in Lullus evident are e etc. Lullus program, Raimundus of Magna” “Ars the “[...] optr(ui)sse.Teaaoist adaeadsfwr,dt me data software, and hardware to analogies The system. (music) computer 83 83 .Krhrrpeetdtepthb ubr edn oafr fp of form a to leading numbers by pitch the represented Kircher ]. Micrologus .Bfr hs pcs yaon 1000 around by epochs, those Before ]. iue42 rgnlyue hpsb ölr8,p 153] p. Köhler[82, by shapes used Originally 4.2: Figure ospotatmtcgnrto fmlde ytx,mr rcs vowe precise more text, by melodies of generation automatic support to rn ice o ooi n oyhncsnig rzoswork Arezzo’s singing. polyphonic and monodic for pitches erent E a nIainmsctheorist. music Italian an was CE) 7 eeoe ytmo loihi opsto in composition algorithmic of system a developed E ud fArezzo of Guido CE, cieyraie h ocp fa of concept the realizes ectively ae corresponding ware, diinly eincluded he Additionally, rrtto rules) erpretation olpswt combina- a with roglyphs 6 AsMagna.” “Ars e rvdsinstructions provides h Renaissance the n a,w ou on focus we ead, n entertaining and thcass which classes, itch x h ocp of concept the ext vierhythmic -voice nlssi one is analysis n)as ons) nalkinds all in s mory, ..Algorithms 4.3. known, ls 55 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .McieMusicianship Machine 4. 56 ai ui hoyadGntcAlgorithm Genetic and Theory Music Basic ofagA oatspee“a uiaiceWresil a publish was Würfelspiel” musikalische “Das piece Mozart’s A. Wolfgang .. akvModel Markov 4.3.3 Approaches Contemporary 4.3.2 h usa ahmtca nryAdeeihMro 15 92 publishe 1922) - (1856 Markov Andreyevich Andrey mathematician Russian The cel as such music generating for used be concept can many applied, science been computer already have within them of many and Theoretically, 8]o eeaiegamr n r swl sdfrbt nlzn ui a music analyzing both for used well as are and grammars generative of [83] v i those be hide can models It Markov state. hidden called former Furthermore, so a graph. stoch on transition are depends a models state as Markov process account. each into where taken process are letters previous the poem the in [ letters the describing statistically method. applicable easily an mention to want we composition algorithmic standard a for minutes 30 algorithm hardware. about the computer takes case common composition any on Chord in solut solution, solutions. a following of produces a number algorithm create genetic to The probability music. the popular western on based al.[ et You D. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. . otaeadProtocols and Software 4.4 .. uia ntuetDgtlInterface Digital Instrument Musical 4.4.4 .. pnSudControl Sound Open 4.4.3 SuperCollider 4.4.2 .. ueData Pure 4.4.1 h aetvrin11wsitoue tte20 IEcneec yAdri by conference NIME 2009 the at introduced was 1.1 version latest The h uia ntuetDgtlItrae(II sapooo htalw e allows that protocol a is (MIDI) Interface Digital Instrument Musical The overkill. design a be would oeadmr epet er ntuet n owr ihMD controller MIDI with work to and a instruments and learn portable to more people be to more synthesizers 2.1.2) for and Subsection possible more (see it interfaces made user protocol tangible This work. thesis’ this fu a if especially MIDI, of instead used be inst can for [ OSC so z)” XPath, system. like y coordinate scheme (x naming “/position/cartesian symbolic like style looks URL an features It comput for designed context specifically music protocol a a in is cation (OSC) Control sound Open IDE. an or Pr editor sclang. text language common programming a arch own in server its client done basic with be a comes can as and designed protocol is It (OSC) Control coding. live for also mance SuperCollider s a on comput messages actual to the files keyboards, MIDI from MIDI diverse files, as Arduino. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 58 .McieMusicianship Machine 4. ihi thm n ntesui.Det h ierneo osbeue,t uses, possible of range wide the to Due studio. the in and home at it with utbei ayscenarios. many in suitable eMD tnadis standard MIDI he Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 60 .MsclMechatronics Musical 5. ecp ep eedn nteognsacietr) hsi pre is This architecture). organ’s the on depending tempo (except hndsgigamsclitraetecneto uoooso oprtv i cooperative or autonomous of concept the interface musical a designing When necru nwypol lsiymscisrmnso hi perc their or instruments music classify people why on excursus An elo h ealdcasfiaino ui ntuet,i u fthe of out is instruments, music of classification detailed the on well China from is system classification known oldest The di are There ha instruments those all thing One classification. of form this use we a icebsdo adnlpit n esn ewe h adnlpoints cardinal the between seasons and points cardinal on based circle was BCE) out: pointed Kartomi wood. or ins leather Javanese bronze, instr instruments. as solid accompanying such or or material hollow solo are into into schemes divided subdivided those instance again For of di Most segments. also with Boethius. are based S. there M. but A. back structure, theoretician dates tree Roman others, Euro Late amongst The the instruments, and instruments. wind bamboo and or strings metal percussion, as such material represented instruments: of concept the Kartomi J. Margaret to according Instruments Music of Classification 5.1 instruments. music classifying b related of a presenting problem for instruments the examples robotic provide and sections mechatronic following mechanic, The generation. sound from e it define al. guit et a Barton and approach). strings likewise guitar in a plucking to for machine interaction 5.5.8 a of Section be form (see would a chords example player autonomous human An to a music. Contrary allow of autonomously. They done ones. is in cooperative generation are cannot music but inst the handle, stand-alone that crank fully meaning the a turning not by is power organ the barrel supplies A ref motor generation. not a classi music does be the autonomous inst mi to also environment All last but this could the context. In instruments, in the instruments. robotic used on cooperative or was depending mechatronic changed autonomous mechanic, has term are meaning The its autonomous. since ever be to considered are c,bti hscatrw r o on nomr eala tcnb consi be can it as detail more into going not are we chapter this in but ect, 1 h rgnlsuc sukon u tsest efo h ieo meo hn(22 Shun Emperor of time the from be to seems it but unknown, is source original The owl,sc scmlxplpoyadtmoa rcso.Simultaneou wh precision. embraces temporal system and a polyphony Such complex as whole. such symbiotic well, a do of parts as input machine [.]rfr otedmnn rcmeigvesi oit ftem the of society hi xv] a the p. including in [91, phenomena, views instruments.” cultural competing of as or instruments dominant of the significance to refers “[...] 320] p. 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Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 8hcnuywstehya fspitctdcokokmsclinstr musical clockwork sophisticated of heyday the was century 18th mdu oatadJsp adnwoepee seilyfrmsclclo musical for especially pieces wrote Hayden Joseph and Mozart Amadeus powered wind a of sketches drew instance, for CE), 60 (ca. Alexandria h itr fmcaia ui ntuet ae akt h ancien the to back dates instruments music mechanical of history The a sal omsindwr.A neligcokokwsmvn th moving was clockwork underlying An work. commissioned usually was aea h ie u oehg ult sebe ehncisrmnsare instruments mechanic assembled quality high some but time, the at Fousame inventor, french a 1863 in and [97] p piano [ player player Pianista first a the the built invented Company who & discussion, Collard controversial a is It Pianola 5.2.2 gene sound actual bellows. the activating starting or lever membrane a im key, active concrete a pins the striking pitc those on the that bar depending regulate is one mechanisms pins concept on multiple The created are be barrel. There could the tones. pieces shifting multiple by the that piece as is according confidentially approach treaded this conc often of flute were advantage audi or creations an barrel dances entertain of parts, to techniques opera used popular and played used common They more also were and locations. they expensive event century century very or 16th 19th were the the clocks since in musical known Later century are and 18th history the long of a have clocks Musical Clocks Musical 5.2.1 Seb instruments. Johan as such with [ composer Famous experimented Eisenmann strings. piano Richard the 1886 into in u sustain Already [ are induce invented and rolls. were music punched pianos recorded player on of century form 19th e a late important represent the One they constructed. that were is organs instruments barrel first inv the were century ones machi new mechanical and other rebuild, many f were works besides instruments the music Renaissance, mechanical of the translation in and engineers rediscovery and the With player. trumpet Instruments Music Mechanic 5.2 instruments. wind and keyboard percussive, ordered string, we into Therefore, scheme principles. di physical present is underlaying we it their sections interface following or the instrument music In a designing when Consequently, 96 .Floigsbetospeetamsclcok h lyrpi player the clock, musical a present subsections Following ]. 2 n antcnld htmsccmoe n lydb ua uiinsounded musician human a by played and composed music that conclude cannot One nesadi.I h aeo uia ntuet hsicue h a in 3] way p. the [91, includes itself.” this music instruments to musical respond of and case create a the use In habitually it. we understand that schemes the “[...] 95 ,bttoedvcswr o ul ucinl oee,i 87teAme the 1897 in However, functional. fully not were devices those but ], rn ui ntuet n ntlain ihafcson focus a with installations and instruments music erent c h a eprev h ol and world the perceive we way the ect 95 .Smlrt arlogn hywr based were they organs barrel to Similar ]. ao serya n12 Clementi, 1825 in as early As iano. hmb h uoetitcbased Eurocentristic the by them n n ute eetdmechanic selected further and ano ,sqec n uaino the of duration and sequence h, ne.Ltri h 7hand 17th the in Later ented. lmnain u common a but plementation, o nin mathematicians ancient rom ..Mcai ui Instruments Music Mechanic 5.2. c ftoemcai music mechanic those of ect ot epn hti mind. in that keeping worth eeabsns ert An secret. business a were y iu,hsoi sources historic nique, aigmcaimsc as such mechanism rating ra rawtrpowered water a or organ world[ t uments[ sasau ybl[ symbol status a as etn ls oi [94]. it to close getting ni h eodhalf second the Until . sinBc,Wolfgang Bach, astian e n installations, and nes indbre.The barrel. pinned e rs n h barrel the and erts, k rglockenspiel or cks lcrmgesto electromagnets e n eetthe select and rel 92 94 nax created rneaux, hc we which nei taverns in ence , .I h 16th the In ]. 93 .Hrnof Heron ]. xcl the exactly rican 2 .In 96 ]. 61 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 62 .MsclMechatronics Musical 5. smnindi h nrdcino hscatr h emmechatron term the chapter, this of introduction the in mentioned As h noeAtmtcBanjo Automatic Encore The ihafie oiint aiuaetepthacrigt perforated a to according pitch the manipulate to position fixed a with a einda netrann ltmciepaigoeoto v selec five of out one playing machine slot entertaining an as designed was on 9] h neligpyia rnil steKrá otxstreet. and vortex strings Kármán of the vibration is causes principle physical wind underlying that way The a [92]. in sound constructed and world Greek Exposition Paris the coin. at a exhibition first a to pn leading mult time a and of to division amount company led short underwent tone, installation played this actual of the development with interfering solenoids noisy [ Banjo Automatic Encore Original The melotrop. the for 5.3.1 b input The as used ink. and black out with covered cut el waltz later a a were and onto pi paper speed paper recorded produced constant the so at down the moved pushes playback are key to sheets melotrop [ paper a melograph driven and a electrically instrument created keyboard Carpentier any J. on 1880 components in electro(-magentic) Already by supported solenoids. instrument, an play to Instruments Music Mechatronic 5.3 sound. create to boats bypassing and organs weather Sea stream, statue. sea moving [ natural a Machina the and Phantastic b organ called described barrel so originally driven the machines invented some also rebuild but and adopted He mentioning. [ harp wings Aeolian their the moving is birds instruments singing autonomous artificial oldest the of One Instruments Further Pianola. a 5.2.3 featuring also [ Lond Orchestra pianola the Lamoureux by a the concert featuring by a London Paris 1912 in in In Hall 1913 Queen pianist. in human the held a pi at player by held played pneumatic was by be of Orchestra not operated breakthrough could either attac the that bellows, soon With made of was hammers. pair input this piano A the but the as speed. roll, move used the paper are autom control the hand, of to drove by mechanism kinds clockwork created all a often describe versions rolls, to early [ or used pianola bands is pneumatic Punch but a company, pianos. for American patent an the of received trademark Voley S. E. engineer n adcp adnrSlmnd asi h ae1t n al 7hcnuyaew are century 17th early and 16th late the in Caus de Salomon gardener landscape and ytmi o nw oa,bti em hteetoi rbesr problems electronic that seems it but today, known not is system necagal nltrtr.Mcarncisrmnsi hss this in instruments Mechatronic literature. in interchangeable 98 .Teoiia aetdsrbsa lcrcdie trwelt pi to wheel star driven electric an describes patent original The ]. 5 4 3 e h ehnclmscpeswebsite. press music mechanical the See h e ra rae yNkl Ba Nikola by created organ sea The elswsteGdo idi h re yhlg.TeAoinhr sknow is harp Aeolian The mythology. greek the in wind of God the was Aeolus 5 aetdi 82i ytmagetn ua-lybebanjo human-playable a augmenting system a is 1892 in patented ö i Ê nZdri h otrcn osrce e organ. sea constructed recent most the is Zadar in 96 .I hsrgr h ntlain fteengineer the of installations the regard this In ]. 4 97 r loantbeeapemkn s of use making example notable a also are .Ti ntlaincnit fawater a of consists installation This ]. 96 3 [ orcr lydcomposition played a record to ] 92 96 cincnito mechanisms of consist ection .Mdea ore elabout tell sources Medieval ]. uai ytmi 86 The 1896. in system eumatic .Paoawsoiial the originally was Pianola ]. sligi r aad and hazard, fire in esulting 96 perdsgsi relatively a in redesigns iple uha oos esr or sensors motors, as such crmge sindt a to assigned ectromagnet kasrn n solenoids and string a ck al og fe inserting after songs table .Ti ocr a again was concert This ]. akikpae nteso the on places ink lack n10.Teinstallation The 1900. in ado ot sue to used is foot, or hand cadrbtcaeused are robotic and ic ns opstoswere compositions anos, eo fAlexandria, of Heron y ui ol hsexact This roll. music e otepneumatic the to hed c.I h melograph the In ece. hrfr rdcsa produces therefore o h inl.In pianola. the for ic h ancient the since n tcpneumatic atic nsSymphony on’s orth Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 88[ 1898 edfiearbtcmscisrmn sa ehtoi ui instruem music mechatronic an as instrument music robotic a define we elect first the as such instruments electronic other many are There hc ol edt mrvsn ae nsnigsudfo ua mu human a from sound sensing on based improvising to lead could which i .Mrp ta.[ al. et Murhpy W. Jim the measuring while speed, and pressure position, bow the varying nal oatal lytesrn,tn t n lyi gi overif to t again of it parameters play related pitch. tone and or all intensity it, vibration duration, be tune The would n string, information approach etc. the feedback tension material tensi low-level play The length, the actually vibration. as measuring to its such Either entails sensing string by the string. or about a rare) information tune more be auto to of seems ways two are there Feedback Low-Level 5.4.2 low of examples provide en subsections whole following the the takes understanding feedback high-level and auto-tuning, inp as processed such the state by own drawn be could that [ conclusion the Instruments on Robotic Depending in Feedback 5.4.1 gain the on based interact feedback. to (environmental) and words environment other their in about information sensing how of di are a approaches use design to t Those decided if humanoid. we robotic as therefore, as perceived and to be referred to often designed are are instruments music Instruments literature In Music Robotic 5.4 5.3.1. subsection previous the in presented Instruments Further 5.3.3 specific a at amplitude desired formul a with for along pressure useful bowing be corr minimum will the are findings pitch those and int instrument, di pressure higher string to in bowing leads results (3) string bridge the needed, muting the is sp to velocity bowing near (2) higher position position, or A bowing intensity. and the speed on bowing (1) of conducte press correlations Raman bowing show the tachometer. according regulate with to violin motor attached the electric weights move an with to by lath controlled simpler bowing a is on good it mounted a perspective is learn mechanical to a practice from long that takes It experiments. [ physical Raman C.V. Violins 1920 mechanically-played In with Experiments 5.3.2 88 itnus o-ee n ihlvlfebc.Lwlvlfeed Low-level feedback. high-level and low-level distinguish ] 100 rteBnoceta eeoe n11 n ae nteEcr uoai Ban Automatic Encore the on based and 1914 in developed Banjorchestra, the or ] 99 ul naprtst mtt ua ilnpae n oconduct to and player violin human a imitate to apparatus an built ] 101 icse hi praht eftn utrsrn.Basically string. guitar a self-tune to approach their discussed ] rn orltoso rsueadpth hncntutn bowe a constructing When pitch. and pressure of correlations erent rn lsicto.FloigBro ta.[ al. et Barton Following classification. erent akdaswt h instrument’s the with deals back eRmnpoie ocalculate to provided Raman ae lvladhg-ee feedback. high-level and -level e mtt ua eairor behavior human imitate hey niy u lomr pressure more also but ensity, ehiu n aa argued Raman and technique ic.Hsfu anfindings main four His pitch. nta ftebw h bow The bow. the of instead oigspeed. bowing ..RbtcMscInstruments Music Robotic 5.4. oi in nrdcdin introduced piano ronic ltn o ierad(4) and linear non elating h eut Additional result. the y n,adtoal,capable additionally, ent, no h tig(which string the of on e n oigpressure bowing and eed iomn noaccount, into vironment tsgasBro tal. et Barton signals ut eisrmn uhas such instrument he r.Bwn pe is speed Bowing ure. eea experiments several d essm additional some eeds esrn approach measuring iin o better a For sician. vrself-limiting, ever dinformation, ed 88 arguments, ] jo d 63 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 64 Mechatronics Musical 5. h ooi aib lyrSio,dvlpdb u Ho Guy by developed Shimon, player marimba robotic The mrvsn ihahmnmscpae.I hi al okte u they work early their In player. music human a with improvising Shimon 5.4.5 . m only play and detect to limited is s It robot solo. behavior the a humans threshold, w plays the specific and human on changes a the depending volume under assumes player to volume human reacts the play a robot decreases human with player The the together mallet. on or the solo focus and a to player module human m visual the are m the of predictions a leads values, of change measured consists Volume the module tasks. on audio Based The detection. module. amplitude processing visual and audio [ al. et Pan Robot Vibraphone 5.4.4 information. analy sensed is the improvisin music of played and interpretation The along the playing output. to musical of accordingly instrument’s capable the is on followin it concl based the drawing as classificat in feedback, and rhythm presented player high-level player or human of marimba time a The a sensing behavior. by at physical played also contex but notes specific tempi, single a changing i multiple in sensed of signals the out measured imitating chord the or of improvising interpretation playing, i requires stop partly, least as at such environment, reaction musical the takes feedback High-level Feedback High-Level 5.4.3 102 eeoe uaodvbahn lyr(e iue51.I sequippe is It 5.1). Figure (see player vibraphone humanoid a developed ] iue51 uaodmsca 12 .17 iue2]. Figure 167, p. [102, musician Humanoid 5.1: Figure a ta.[ al. et man uscin545i nexample an is 5.4.5 subsection g t con oeal proper a enable to account nto at neatn,ohrieit otherwise interacting, tarts e h IIotu rman from output MIDI the sed ,frisac,t eeta detect to instance, for t, e n h oo interacts robot the and zed pt ihlvlfeedback High-level nput. d o synchronization for ade npoi sounds. onophonic ihahmnplayer human a with g cohn o etand beat for icrophone 103 sosfo i rher or his from usions r tdtcsnodding detects It er. o n eeto of detection and ion hntehuman the When . , 104 udete play either ould ,i aal of capable is ], ihan with d Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Goes ssae bv h lsicto fisrmnsi ope su and issue complex a is instruments of classification the above stated As ilni oae.Pemtcatvtdclneswt tahdrubb attached with cylinders posit activated is Pneumatic bow rotated. The is similar. violin very works version cello the as MUBOT violin uhn ontesrn ntenc n tiigtebow. the activat striking by and played neck is the tone on A string neck. the violin’s down the pushing along To steps mechanism. half-tone pantograph in underlying an and motor electric an in with music [ moved mechatronic cello a or is violin Robot) recorder, (Musical a MUBOT playing the of 1980s the in Developed MUBOT Violin 5.5.2 de past Followin the pitch. over lower process pit a development higher generate the to length representing A versa approaches string density. vice the and linear shortening density, and tension, linear pitc under length the string tension, case the any putting string: In t the transmitted sound. of either the is intensify factors necessary, vibration if This to, by vibrate. pickups applied string be the must force let bow sound, to plucked, generate into to and further instruments, distinguished string be could instruments String Instruments String 5.5.1 chronologically. ordered are projects mec and mechanical robots, music types in subsections more approaches following many novel the are also there In and but instruments. influential instruments, wind string or on percussive focus as we work this In Projects Related 5.5 cues. auditory additi and only rhythmic help information to be visual back to use fall seem humans wh otherwise cues but that and visual tempi, suggest playing, low findings robots at Their the especially melody theory. inp on music as or based jazz detection tone improvise standard chord chord, to on or played based tone a is rhythm, being system a output is and there algorithm signal implemented MIDI the on Based developm band further jazz With a player. with piano performances the music analyze to piano electric h aeo ovnec eflo h lsicto fAa au [ Kapur Ajay of classification robot the and follow mechatronic we mechanical, convenience of far sake so the the reflecting in interested 6 e h ie fGogaTc’ ooi uiin n uia yog perform Cyborgs Musical and Musicians Robotic Tech’s Georgia of video the See oehrwt Shimon. with together lyr niiaeadcodnt hi lyn. 13 .134] p. visual [103, provide playing.” corres cues their often These coordinate and size pitch. anticipate to motion players location humans, creat gesture in for and essential example, loudness, are For that interactions. cues physical musical b with hampered audiences are and systems players music interactive computer-supported “Most 6 hyagethat: argue They . 105 yacrigsih oictos efcso the on focus We modifications. slight according by ] ruigadi a using or eoaigbd rt sound to or body resonating a o epeetaslcino notable, of selection a present we uscin iea vriwof overview an give subsections g sdtrie ytremain three by determined is h tlatoeo hs techniques those of one least at cades. nsterbti sdi live in used is robot the ents d tiigo idpowered wind or striking ed, 95 rfigrisaepositioned are fingertips er nlwe hyaeal to, able are they when onal n h codn cylinder according the ing cdvlpet,adfor and developments, ic .I ahsbeto the subsection each In ]. u ftetmochanges, tempo the if ful edakadhelp and feedback hcnb rdcdby produced be can ch oe nafie track, fixed a on ioned o providing not y arncinstallations. hatronic tprmtr o the for parameters ut rn tigwt less with string erent h improvisation The . n expressive ing eaeparticularly are we fisrmnssuch instruments of eetasrn the string a select tuetcapable strument nahmntries human a en ing od to ponds ..RltdProjects Related 5.5. taya She as Steady 65 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .MsclMechatronics Musical 5. 66 h ln Jet Plink The yasromtrwt ornlnpcsatce eutn nnvl f novel, in resulting attached picks plucking nylon string four The with stri regulated. The motor be servo other. could a each tension from by and separated base, spatial aluminum be a could which strings, four eadt ea cuae n ue ntuet u sapaflapp playful a is but instrument, tuned fine hard accurate, guitar an common be and to printer demand inkjet using approach design instrument loudspeaker. and amplifier an was to pickup connection arrangement, Guit coil a octave single The allowing per electromagnetic setting vibrating. tone The twelve from values. the string alternative support the support solen to prevent a signal or Additionally, p input stop played MIDI 250ms. to be takes used could position is octaves pitch movable two damper highest approach a to pitch this lowest the With from manipulate belt. To a player. and human servomotor a to compared string GuitarBot the is [ robots al. guitar popular et most the of One GuitarBot LEMUR 5.5.3 .. ln Jet Plink 5.5.4 7 8 e ie fGiaBtperforming GuitarBot of video See e eovdoo ln Jet. Plink of video demo See 89 n20.I sdsge opa orsrns h aemcaimi appli is mechanism same The strings. four play to designed is It 2002. in ] 8 seFgr .)cetdb elyFaia ta.[ al. et Flanigan Lesley by created 5.3) Figure (see iue52 EU utro iaesource). 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 3 apn ehns swl ste()otclpcu.Teiptsignal input The pickup. optical (4) the as well as mechanism damping (3) etclysakdo nauiu ak t ormi at r 1 frettin (1) are parts main four Its rack. aluminum an on stacked vertically [ al. et McVay James tahdt etmvbevaseprmtrt pcfi oiinrelat position specific place a are to motor solenoids stepper The via length. movable string’s belt a the of to shorten consists attached mechanism to fretting plate The acrylic an protocol. MIDI the using software indepen electronically single, four of consists It 2012. in installation, MechBass 5.5.5 poten via regulated is sensed. string respon is the according information pluck an environmental to to no motor leads input regulat stepper deter right is the to and position of used left cartridge is speed Pushing the switch potentiometer. three-way enabled, a A is in playing both. human of If combination a string. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 68 .MsclMechatronics Musical 5. h tumn r ossso w ev ooscnrligapnorp s pantograph a controlling motors servo two of consists arm strumming The to built are mechanisms the that common StrumBot in The have installations above The aibedmeigcnrl o tigslcinaseilagrtmwas algorithm special a selection string For control. dampening variable otae n cae h lm gi sdie yasromtradcould and motor servo a by driven presente is previously again the clamp as cont The fast carriage octave. as a twice one of up-strumming. travel is position for to system the one This controlling and wh motor string. down- servo length the for one string’s one with the used, string along are per position picks the Two regulate string. to the and string a strum T it. do would musician human si like every pluck once to at suc not strings places demands guitar public di and six quiet signal all less input strum or MIDI to more a at via play controlled to is designed was It approach. 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Figure 4, p. MechBass[90, 5.4: Figure 10 h oto ytmfrteslnisadataosi realized is actuators and solenoids the for system control The . 107 seFgr .)i 05ue di a uses 2015 in 5.5) Figure (see ] nscmaigtespeed the comparing ones d aprmcaimrat to reacts mechanism damper a fuigaconventional a using of ead sstigdet interfering to due setting is sodn otedi the to esponding gesrn eaaey but separately, string ngle r h tahdpc hits pick attached the ere usicians. ns lc power pluck ends, svne rcfs It cafés. or venues as h h ic sregulated is pitch The iigacapt fret to clamp a aining ae.McBs was MechBass eaker. eeoe oconvert to developed i prahenables approach his ”[ .” lyol n string. one only play mlrmcaimto mechanism imilar ttasso above ototransistor 107 ikpapproach pickup ecnrle for controlled be .146] p. , .Teoutput The d. erent erent t a ith Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. eny31mcootolrwsue iha tahdPll iiMaestr Mini Pololu attached an with used was microcontroller 3.1 Teensy A h omdiecnrligtesrn’ eso sajsal i mot via adjustable is tension string’s the controlling drive worm The ett odpae.Tecte a rsne natsi iep live t artistic jacks in 1/4” presented was standard cyther via The signal output loudspeaker. audio a the to generate sent to used is pickup follows: measure as tension al. string’s et contr and Barton are system by timbre pickup described and optical pitch imp the rhythm, for with and used together soft applied software is microcontroller, The analysis strings. purpose. frequency ten specific its sole this of Push pi for one 20 self-assembled and each tension system. damping a pickup or includes sound striking It electromagnetic and machine. optical a system, and musician human by playable Cyther Cyther 5.5.7 generat to used are note pickups lowest guitar the electromagnetic play Active to motors. trying servo chords guitar relating to notes MIDI the 12 e ie nlv performance. live in video See ie nteptnimtrmvs hc,wt h prpit circ appropriate the with which, moves, potentiometer the on wiper ayn n esrbevlae”[8 .322] p. 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AO- ossso w anprs 1 h ne n r oeetad()i (2) and movement arm and finger the (1) parts, main two of consists WABOT-2 ssoni h bv eto .. lyrpao n h ehncconstr mechanic the and pianos player 5.2.2 Section above the in shown As h nu inlfrtemvmn opa nogncmsfo h iulsy visual the from comes organ an play to movement the for signal input The the: show to designed was robot humanoid This 1985. in Tokyo, b could approach this instrument music mechatronic a designing when Control Shared for Guitar Electric Augmented Robotically The lcrcmtr.Adtoal,WBT2cudueisfe oinclud r to is feet movement its finger use The could WABOT-2 are algorithm. Additionally, instructions special motors. sensed a electric those with and combination sheet key score finger musical a reads system [ al. et Sugano Shigeki WABOT-2 5.5.10 show subsections following the presented the already of was out piano is m player construction motor this exact of fine, [ complexity of devices mechatronic capability electronic the robot’s to a that mechanical demonstrate means from to and used input sometimes an are as CDs or disks Instruments Keyboard 5.5.9 poten full the get to other eit each could complement Max/MS guitarist human installation. using human software and The external machine via where Mega. or approach Arduino serv hammering an another string by the and generate done strings auto is the control ap hit Motor This to motors string. generated. servo computer via or controlled preprogrammed hammer, either strings the plays [ al. et Ogata RAEG 5.5.8 w etre eoe h uooospaigpao vle vrtim over evolved pianos playing autonomous The before. centuries two 13 e eovdoo RAEG. of video demo See eeomn fa nhooopi nelgn oo lyn ebadin keyboard i playing and robot 90][109] speediness intelligent dexterity, [p. anthropomorphic as an such of robots development of functions ’soft’ “[...] 108 n21 losahmngiaitt lyteisrmn hl h instr the while instrument the play to guitarist human a allows 2017 in ] 109 iue56 yhr8,p 1,Fgr 1]. Figure 319, p. Cyther[88, 5.6: Figure eeoe h AO- Wsd oO-)a aeaUniversity, Waseda at roBOT-2) (WAseda WABOT-2 the developed ] 13 RE)dvlpdb Takumi by developed (RAEG) ua mttn approaches. imitating human h ra easit play. into pedals organ the e ae noacut sthe As account. into taken e sdt eemn h ideal the determine to used 95 rmpaorlst floppy to rolls piano from e rahue Dprinted 3D a uses proach .Kyor instruments Keyboard ]. tliec ythe by ntelligence cp fti ok but work, this of scope .Ti sacooperative a is This P. oo odm each damp to motor o cin eedeveloped were uctions vmns hsalso This ovements. aie ymultiple by ealized tm h visual The stem. strument.” svso system. vision ts iloto the of out tial e hoeto choose her ument Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. C ooi adwsue nacnutdTrn etwt ua in p piano human with test Turing conducted a in used was hand robotic ACT stenm ttsammrnpo ossso ebaeta stensioned is that membrane a of consists membranophon a states name the As h cp fprusv ntuet safil ra n.Acmo dis common A one. broad fairly a is instruments percussive of scope The A by developed (ACT) 5.7) Figure (see Testbed Correct Anatomically The ihtehumans. the with loih,atrats hs iotist rdc h etba n to and not beat a next Using the predict level. to intensity tries specific Nico a phase above test i is a and indic after it beat to algorithm, the line if imaginary detects one an and as ictu above system classified conductors and auditory the below the moves detect represent s conductor to microphones processing the used visual of is a hand which and the camera, auditory a se an human only of with another not consisting equipped with by is humans together Nico with drums conductor. plays tasks synchronization Nico social Therefore test environment. to was [ goal main al. et Crick Christopher Nico 5.5.13 Foll whole. glockenspiel. a mechatronic as and usually approaches vibrate drummer idiophones robotic glockens the current as contrast such In idiopohnes vibrates. or and drums of kind all as such membranophones are human. was di player significant which distinguish determine could not audience commands the motor control that according to suggests the signal to input signal The the itself. converting human part) file mimic th (body MIDI to appr human implements recorded components a This It using imitate goal. and to human. this artifacts aims achieve expert designing to an of hand like instead human that piano the the of play principles biomechanic to demands 2010 in Hand ACT The 5.5.11 ..2Prusv Instruments Percussive 5.5.12 iue57 C ad10 .33,Fgr 1]. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 72 .MsclMechatronics Musical 5. mrcnpwwwdu.Ti ntueti sda multi-playe a as used is instrument This drum. pow-wow American ao oge l [ al. et Long Jason ali tahdt h oeodt rvd h ms geal timbre.” agreeable “most the provide to pickup solenoid electromagnetic the a to and attached solenoid is push ball a key glockenspiel’s each Glockenspiel Robotic Closed-Loop The 5.5.15 l in used was It loop. another as response ar proper sequences a short creating Therefore and drummer. input analyzed prerecor human the is ten fix the input humans uses with user as mode along the it, accompaniment playing wherein locks simple mode, then (5) accompaniment and The perceptual seconds one. few Haile’s a before. the played for to human beat rep the given t then as the stochastic and rhythms analyses a play similar (2) human plays and perceived mode playing, the transformation stop the on an they de of division audio after external center or player respective an multiplications the human and from in the microphone Max/MSP or of A via edge mode sent modes. the be interaction at could membran six more actuators the supports play the from control to back to them mallets signal pull the to of spring position a the and solenoid via controlled di with arms two has Haile drumming. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. o e niebszrGegenwart zur bis Antike der von Augsburg h ooi app lyr McBlaer player, bagpipe robotic The onHnyvndrMe ie noeve nmscisrmnsi his in instruments music on overview an gives Meer der van Henry John ..6Wn Instruments Wind 5.5.16 ta.[ al. et ntemsu’ webiste. museum’s the att on re with control, plates chanter metal The down supply. pulling air actuators the electromagnet of with care done takes is motor electric an by w machine trumpet automatic th an in 1582 present In seemingly Europe. were in they ages but medieval wate known, the using not time throughout Greece is over ancient bagpipes and no in period of wood present the this origin of already of In were made evolution were Organs century). flutes an increased. 19th ages describes ancient (early he Throughout era invented. flutes Romantic For the in as trumpets. instruments such instruments and woodwind horns into like instruments the classifies He d the h implemented, it Additionally already are socket. controller. detection TS MIDI panel-mounted pitch 1/4” and a amplitude to onset, (low-pass, routed filtered is is it pickup th electromagnetic before processing the for from microcontrollers gained Due signal Arduino two with realized ..7McBlare 5.5.17 16 15 hspeecnb ena h ushsoice uemWe.Apcueo h mac the of picture A Wien. 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MIDI a as aaskonflute known wadays h ubro holes of number the Musikinstrumente: ..RltdProjects Related 5.5. iei provided is hine sivne in invented as owered 113 ]. 73 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .MsclMechatronics Musical 5. 74 90 n hw tehbtosadlv efracsicuighmnmus human including performances live and exhibitions at shown and 1990, h ytmi otoldvaproa optrrciigaMD in MIDI a receiving computer personal via controlled is system The 1990 in developed originally was Robot Flutist Waseda The newn osatipoeet.I srglrypeetda re [ at WF-RVI presented revision regularly latest is the It and improvements. changing constant purposes by underwent multiple quality for di sound u used The is the been detection improve pressure. pitch air autonomously The the to respectively signal. note Cepstr input played the MIDI the using record the of analyzed a from is from information sound stems the played input by The suc MIDI sounds. parts The monotonous moving system. avoid the evaluation enable pitch levers a through Those levers. air of sending set [ bellows a nine al. to for et attached Solis responsibly Jorge system by control 2007 pressure in presented was 5.11) Robot Flutist Anthropomorphic 5.5.18 McBlare devices. input In especi as Robotics a University’s used or exhibitions. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. itraa.I sbsclyamcai eie u loicue ne an includes also but device, mechanic a basically is It Wintergatan. h on ikpi oeb utpemicrophones. multiple by done is pickup sound The h rt diinlytemciecnb asdadtepae sabl is player the and paused c be can can player machine human the the cooperativ Additionally but also Beside played, fret. is string approach. It the and cooperative autonomous. tempo a fully the and song autonomous determine predefined f an to one both marbles plays is causing machine It machine the strings. drive bass’ to Marb the handle the crank is a device t uses mechatronic player protocol an special of a example using mentionable by famous, regulation One speed in and actions. computers play reverse personal as even such or [ software invented were music robots of availability the Before Instruments Other 5.5.19 19 e h ie fWnegtnsMrl Machine. 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Methodology atII Part 77 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Author: hc ut hscnettebs.Adtoal,aldsg attitu design all Additionally, best. the context this suits which h motneo hsse ssgicn,a h ute oreo dev of course further the as significant, is step this of importance The .. epciey ilb osdrdi h eincceadund and cycle design the in considered be will respectively, 3.4.2 mato h ierqie u a lohv eaieipc nteq the on impact negative a on have not also would may made) but work. (if required this change time retrospective the A on impact chosen. ar model results and what methods and out d carried and are process these design how selected phase, the each of in phase development individual each with detail tre been have an which guidelines, thesis and this principles of design context All the analyzed. te in its use meet respective will their it 3.3, that Section so in product num this a create [ with to requirements creators applied the be confronts can product that a designing and Developing hs eearayslce navnefrtetpco hswr.Tes The work. this of topic the for advance in selected already were these ao Blattner Jakob 117 .Tefis hpe fti ataaye l ftedsusddsg pr design discussed the of all analyzes part this of chapter first The ]. e seScin332 ilbe will 3.3.2) Section (see des ryn ute nlss since analysis, further no erly hia,fntoa n social and functional chnical, tdi uscin341and 3.4.1 Subsection in ated eetoepoesmodel process one select d sussmtosue for used methods iscusses lpeti ae nthe on based is elopment e fdi of ber cn hpe el in deals chapter econd xetdfo them. from expected e aiyadrslsof results and uality yhv negative a have ly rn methods erent ocesses 79 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 82 Attitudes and Process Design 6. 9241-210 atcptr Design Participatory fe rcs oe a enslce,teeaedi are there selected, been has model process a After h olwn eto sddctdt h eiwo h described the of review the to dedicated is section following p The sensible more the and phases respective the in freedom general The leav also it freedom. for room more leaves model ISO The users. with performi before prototype first a create to possible it make would This the models: process remaining two to leads This aiu rjcs ihdge fflxblt sas rvddb th by provided also is flexibility of degree high A projects. various 3.3.2. eti ereo nefihesms loapy ic h resulti the since apply, guarant also mus automatically must previous not unselfishness of person of exception a degree the of fulfi certain with participation and turn, the thesis diversified, in master broadly these this Since of project group. the target in participates who found attitu discussed. presented were the attitudes of respective order the The which work. in this 3.3.2, of Section context the in advantages proj this for applied be will model ISO the that decision immediatel the evaluation to an lead out in carry occur to also necessary discussed not problems al is The to it have it. but would create model, phases adv to ISO the any authors from bring the not assumptions to do the afte up pl analysis Evaluations supports take task that make. to and device to has requirements a decision evaluation of sensible an terms a because in are always "Nearly" project phases not many model. is of of ISO This sequence content the the phase. the leave in but Harson than designer, and stricter the Hix thus to phase. completely each nearly in cycle applied be di to two methods has cycle life star the model, ISO prototyping the to contrast In di pose can di step of sequence the as situation. well respective as the use, to of adapted time and typ out the discretion two carry but The to adopted, or methods). and evaluation qualitative applied after or prototype quantitative appare a (using is re-evaluate evaluation circle, and a update in to arranged phase, sequence, prescribed strictly the stri the and This Rosenzweig’s application. to. s further adhered and for strictly requirements it a unclear if disqualifies very In ex result with An unsatisfactory analysis. before, an one. requirements way previous to to this the back in to way done comp phase no been to each is from possible where back not phase switch is installation to it possible that not fact also the Besides activities. management . hsnDsg Attitudes Design Chosen 6.2 eune saraysae,HxadHrsndd’ mlmn certain a implement didn’t Hartson and Hix stated, already As sequence. nlzdfrti rjc.Teatnini anydant possible to drawn mainly is attention The project. this for analyzed rn aso eeomn.Ti aibeetyoto o option entry variable This development. of ways erent rcs oe.Teetomdl r oprdo h ai fterst their of basis the on compared are models two These model. process hudma htipeetto sntsatdimdaeywtotev without immediately started not is implementation that mean should ute ic eiet ar u h ako hswr a ee bee never has work this of task the out carry to device a since culties trtv einCycle Design Iterative rnsdi brings ute ihi.Frty esn(rsvrlpros utbe must persons) several (or person a Firstly, it. with culties a ee hsscmae oMye’ oe.Nevertheless, model. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. lyu Design Playful o-tt a eahee n h nefc,dpnigo h user’ the on depending di interface, scalable the a and fun. with vari achieved combined the low be entry to very can easy paid set flow-state an be be provide must to attention must likely the interface great is sav however, to it approach, time adapted as playful mentioned way, case, the The playful this in a incompetent. practical in appearing extremely interact of risk to the which reduces with S user (see the Robson to facilitated. is e users positive of the interaction initial the approach, all with right always di is the design. user circums and ambiguity these the This all whether if project. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Dsg Phases Design 7. 86 seseto ehooyfrrsac upss h on n sdlite used and found The purposes. research for Technology of Assessment h uhr rprdoeitriwgieie(e pedxB iht with B) Appendix (see guideline interview one prepared authors The di of variety a are There Mendeley tool management reference the with datab online academic several on conducted been has itself research pr The it research, literature the throughout gathered information of range wide beginn the at held is and research literature the is method first The r detailed, more and more get and outlines as start which document, This .. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. . pcf Requirements Specify 7.2 sepandi eto ..,ue eurmnsaentteol idof kind only the not are requirements user 3.5.3, section in explained As specific a describe to person fictional a of description a is persona A not take to and interview the record to permission the us granting A.1), ilb end h niesetu frqieet loenable also requirements of spectrum entire The defined. be will oeal oeseicadtu ruettv etrcvrg n und and coverage better argumentative thus and as specific phase more this a of enable To name the defines originally 9241-210 Norm ISO The work. .. eurmnsEngineering Requirements 7.2.1 .. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Dsg Phases Design 7. 88 Tepormiglnug sdms eJv" hsi h nyue requ user only why is This Java". be must used language programming "The h eodsuc o h okn ouetwl edsusdi th in discussed be will document working the for source second The .. s Cases Use 7.2.2 rnfre nouecssi h oreo hswr.Auecs consi case use A work. this of course the in cases examp use An into descriptions. transferred case cases use use of as structure described narrative well the be sys into can forced a requirements of all requirements Not the [ stakeholders. expressing behavior of user’s way a a to primarily are cases Use 2. 4. 3. • • • hs ult trbtsms eflle n okdatrthroughou after looked and fulfilled be must attributes quality These des short of form the in requirements the document will authors The ihteues hsnm hudb unique. be should name This users. the with re description Brief hudntb ecie o h ytmsle pcfi rbes T problems. specific solves stakeholders. system all the by how understandable described be not should events of Flow Name versi first the is not docume this necessary, be request, if should a are, It itself. of requirements work. end certain the the for at of measurements number course step version the three no c in (in is the recorded priorization own In also it’s is etc.). have cho requirement limits, will requirement (e.g. setting of requirements measured, group of be measurement will requirement and a changes of management sioning, management Requirements process. following: doc the the as that such ensure criteria, to quality intended specified is engineering requirements requirementsin of reconciliation and Auditing requirements. related all (e. techniques of enumeration formal more descript to language texts natural language from natural requirements, structured document [ through to requirements used documented be the can individ of the quality the between increases communication facilitates that representation documentation Requirements • • • • • Traceability Completeness Extendability and Modifiability structure Clear consistency and Uniqueness ahuecs hudhv aeta niae hti civdb its by achieved is what indicates that name a have should case use Each : 120 ecito fwa h ytmde nrgr oteuecs.It case. use the to regard in does system the what of description A : re ecito fteuecs n i eesr)tea the necessary) (if and case use the of description brief A : .Te ersn htta h ytmde n o tbhvsfri for behaves it how and does system the that what represent They ]. h eurmnsmngmn enstepirzto,ver- priorization, the defines management requirements The : ouetto ehiu saytp fmr rls formal less or more of type any is technique documentation A : h etn n oriaino requirements of coordination and testing The : 119 .I rnil,altechniques all principle, In ]. n o’ eetfo being from benefit don’t and e,epcal hs related those especially tem, olwn subsection. following e mne eurmnsmeet requirements umented ewudb h requirement the be would le to ubro elements: of number a of st tdit h requirements the into nted us fti hss every thesis, this of ourse ) h esoigo a of versioning The s). no h eus.The request. the of on edsrpinms be must description he a tkhlesand stakeholders ual h development the t .saediagrams). state g. osi prosaform in ions rpin n an and criptions rmnswl be will irements dta fthere if that ed ce user. ected interaction sn how osing ts Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. . rdc einSolution Design Produce 7.3 eetfo mlmniguecssi h eeomn process development the in cases use implementing from benefit A hsdsg hs salaottepouto ftesse nafr n w and form a in system [ the of Tucker production the about all is phase design This developme the in interruptions to lead can detected, not if which, icse oisadwihteatoswl looinaeupon: orientate also will authors the which and topics discussed s design the of production the concerns section. th which following expensive development and the problematic of more part the known, become requirements nerpin,cagsms eipeetdadrsucsdistri resources and implemented be must changes interruptions, h pcfidrqieet n okn ouetcetdi h p the in created document working and requirements specified the 3. 1. 6. 5. 4. 2. • • • • • hc r nentoal gedbs rcie o civn sbeh usable achieving for practices best agreed internationally are which di a introducing when h o feet rterltosisivligteuecase. use the involving relationships the or events of flow the Diagram/s inserted. point/s Extension terminated. has case use Postcondition/s case. use the of start eve of implementation. flow or the design Precondition/s in during considered of not care are taken that be case to use the on requirements, requirements Special eptsigsltoswt sr ni h ult rtraare process. criteria design quality the the throughout until place users take with solutions testing feedbac Keep obtain to stakeholders upon. other enab agreed and This is users design assumptions. to test designs to proposed early show mockups and sketches (s Produce guidelines many are There practice. best design interface interface.Follow user consistent a for di guides If style consistent. navigation the likely Keep is user the software user’ other the to from attention navigation Pay and consistent. interface, them user shou interaction, which the and Design system the by user. automated the be of should control of tasks the context which is the of issue on decision key based A workflows and specification. tasks requirements key around solutions Structure 118 en i ansesi einn sbesfwr,wihprl ov partly which software, usable designing in steps main six define ] M igasta lutaeapcso h s ae uha h struct the as such case, use the of aspects illustrate that diagrams UML : h rcniin en osrito vnsta apndbefore happened that events of constraint a define preconditions The : h otodto ensacntan feet hc apnatrt after happen which events of constraint a defines postcondition The : ito onswti h s aea hc diinlbhvo a be can behavior additional which at case use the within points of list A : hspr fteuecs it l eurmns uha nonfuncti as such requirements, all lists case use the of part This : rn/e yeo srinterface. user of type erent/new rn em eindi design teams erent loaino function of allocation rn at ftesse use system the of parts erent eeomn eoe.The becomes. development e stedtcino problems, of detection the is uedi bute e.Teeeautoscan evaluations These met. tpoes ntecs of case the In process. nt eiu hss oiand Topi phases. revious lto stetpco the of topic the is olution ..PoueDsg Solution Design Produce 7.3. esetv n keep and perspective s oue n ecareful be and use, to rwr n software. and ardware ,w h i c hd e s c r i b e st h e eSbeto 3.4.2) Subsection ee e h einr to designers the les rnl.Telater The erently. t,btta need that but nts, y,ta tmeets it that ays, ra ihalready with erlap eoeacertain a before k db ne the under be ld s n user and use r of ure onal the he 89 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 90 Phases Design 7. iermsices h ee fdti oprdt kths They sketches. to compared detail of level the increase Wireframes ucinlpooyei elsi n pcfi nefc htcontai that interface specific and realistic a is prototype functional A hydslyarpeetto fteftr rdc,btd o in not do but product, future the of representation a display They di the describe paragraphs following The .. ucinlPrototypes Functional 7.3.4 Mockups 7.3.3 .. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 92 Phases Design 7. evaluation . 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. fe vr hs fteceto rcs a encvrdb hspart this by covered been has process creation the of phase every After ihmcuswihsmltdteitrae okadbhvo.N e No behavior. and look interfaces the simulated which mockups with atnwsat ihtedcmnaino h rxspr fti thesi this of part praxis the of documentation the with starts now part vis was data the library which plotting in loggin a analysis, used, of future use being als for the methods has 3.5.1) research recording Subsection user as audio (see qualitative were and data all groups video participant to aloud, Both addition thinking use In 11). from future Chapter the Apart by (see aloud. justified either thoughts be given can be This can personal. tasks test the from help 14 13 https://matplotlib.org https://www.python.org/ 14 . otx,ween epo clear or help no where context, ftewr,tefollowing the work, the of aie i Python via ualized s. prsnruesgtany got users nor xperts rvddquantitative provided g e oepestheir express to ked enconducted. been o 13 ..Evaluate 7.4. and 93 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. rcia at-Mechatronics - Part Practical atIII Part 95 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 7. 98 iue73 oreo hsproject. this of Course 7.3: Figure Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h rtigmcaimi h oepr ftemdl.I utallow must It module. the of part core the is mechanism fretting The hwtepooyigpoesadtefiihdprototype. finished the and an prototypin process assumptions und rapid prototyping our prototype a the test first following show to the improvements, parts of including small design model printing The the 3D fret. started according We an process. to carrier the of Mechanism Fretting 8.3.2 as blocks Lego jack. using stereo mm breadboard 3.5 a a on to Prototyped connected devices, pickup. mounting Optical 8.2: Figure battery. V 9 photo common infrared a the used for we supply devices power mounting loud a desktop as As active bricks standard LEDs. Lego of infrared jack used stereo We mm 3.5 control. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. eto h lcigmcaimdsrbdb ae McVay[ James by described mechanism plucking the took We stesropstoigddntwr rcs nuh edcddt us to decided we enough, precise work not did positioning servo the As e tp otenme fsesprrvlto is: revolution NEM per prec Motor steps and of Stepper number speed Adafruit the fast the So as used We motor, step. plucking. stepper per string a a use guarantee to to feasible is It template. Mechanism Plucking 8.3.4 error. positioning small a allowing 10 oe Y2T4-34 sedt sheet). data (see XY42STH43-0354A Model iue84 eodsroamapproach. arm servo Second 8.4: Figure iue85 oeodcarrier. Solenoid 8.5: Figure 90 raigteMcBs sa as MechBass the creating ] s tpcnrli necessary is control step ise rt seFgr 8.6) Figure (see frets e A17 10 trotates It . ..Implementation 8.3. 1 . 8 ¶ 105 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 106 Iteration First 8. hndsgigapukn ehns opa tig,tmn san is timing strings, play to mechanism plucking a designing When plectru of number The did. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 03 ) 3m 003H n 0 tp e eouin pe n ieaecalculated are time and Speed revolution. per steps 200 and H) (0.033 mH 33 A), (0.35 hnspligpwri ses orglt otg rcret u su but current, or voltage regulate to easy is it power supplying When codn oormtr aasetteseictosae1 w r supp are (we V 12 are specifications the sheet data motors our to According fe h niiulcmoet eelwfipooye n hr term short and prototyped low-fi were components individual the After h apn ehns ossso ev oo iha tahdamadfoam and arm attached an with motor servo a of consists mechanism damping The faste would current lower or voltage higher that indicate equations Those h iiu iei ae oaheeasnl tpis: step single a achieve to takes it time minimum The ncmaio 8 et e iueeul . et e eod otepluc the so second, per beats 0.3 equals minute per beats 180 comparison In hs values. those s 8.9 Figure 8.8). 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. edsge ipefebc ytmcnitn fmlil infr multiple of consisting system feedback simple a designed We codn otedt he h oeod a ec aiu temperat maximum a reach can solenoids the sheet data the to According a undo n h ev oe nteacrigdrcina oga gi a as long as direction according the in moved servo the and on turned was hssest eeog odfr h rn aeil(L) hrfr w Therefore (PLA). material print the deform to enough be to seems This ontesrn seFgr 8.10). 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 110 .FrtIteration First 8. oesr osset4 tp e tigpukn,w eie to decided we plucking, string per steps 40 consistent ensure To performan better a with motor servo a by solved be only can problem This int comes physics here but requirements, our meet to seems This thir the and first the between distance the by determined is This trto tti on twscer htw edt eeintewoefret whole the iteration. redesign next to the need into we shifted that was clear, task was this it therefore point this at iteration Consistency Plucking 8.4.5 thirt to 500 first about from in ms results torque). 400 this of time damping speed and a plucking achieve the to with managed Combined only 4.2 we equals operation this on-load string the damping and plucking for time the Ignoring for radius total The 60 mm. 305.82 88 is is fret motor) thirteenth the and first ev r n h are r n h ev oo pcfiain.Tedist The specifications. motor servo the and arm carrier the and arm servo .. aiu Speed Maximum 8.4.4 Frets ¶ oaini 6 sa .S opromartto f88 of rotation a perform to So V. 6 at ms 160 is rotation 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 al .:AjcnyMti.Vle r ntnho ir seconds. micro of tenth in are Values Matrix. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Dpitn ospotrpdpooyigtre u ob ut e quite be to out turned prototyping rapid support to printing 3D olwn trtos hc undott hwptnilweaknesses potential show parts. to constructing out turned which iterations, following Prototyping Rapid and Printing 3D 8.4.6 sThingiverse as ne raiecmoslcne erdsge u Dmdl show module 3D our redesigned We license. creative-commons a under 16 e thingiverse.com. See 16 rvd ra ait fmdl,esl dpal,aduulypublis usually and adaptable, easily models, of variety great a provide rdsg rosbfr actually before errors design or ..Fnig n Improvements and Findings 8.4. bv neeyo the of every in above n in.Pafrssuch Platforms cient. hed 111 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Author: earayko o ocluaeteseprmtrsedfo h first the from speed motor stepper the calculate to how know already We h culfetn ehns tydtesm,asromtrpushin motor servo a same, the stayed mechanism fretting actual The Therefor speed. was design iteration’s first the with issue main The h er ais( radius gears The h itneec tp(1.8 step each distance The prxmtdtega’ hp sacrl ihtecrufrne( circumference the with circle a as shape gear’s the approximated eed ntenme ftoh n h ot it.W hs omnGT common a chose c We a width: width. moves their tooth belt and the the tooths and gear, tooths mounted of the number rotates the motor on stepper depends mounte the is When gear 8.11). 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Scn Iteration Second 9. 114 hs qain elc naclrto atrta snee hndrivi when needed is that factor acceleration an neglect equations Those hslast tpdsac of distance step a to leads This u rvd rtrfrnevle ie httemnmmstep minimum hi the a has that in: Given operation results on-load this value. in seconds reference 0.0009625 speed first full a at provide motor but stepper a starting because fr from distance total the over carrier the move to value following: takes resulting approximated it the and time used specifications The We all remain. positioning. therefore carrier iteration, the first of the verification the simplifies and th distanc with total gear the T100 stepper over standard a s a While 0.016 print in mm. to belt 578.69 decided the of we move radius Therefore to a manage impractical. and could tooths attached 1818 gear with this gear theoretical a to ( distance fret minimal the than smaller be must distance Step h da erspot oiinn ewe l rt ihtelatam least the with frets all between positioning supports gear ideal the oa itnebtenfis n atfe ( fret last and first between distance total 2 ewoeapto citt aclt pcfi erconfigurations. gear specific calculate to script python a wrote We ieprttldistance total per time ieprttldistance total per time tp e oa distance total per steps tp e oa distance total per steps tpdistance step tpdistance step = C r tp e oa distance total per steps = 100 = 306 = f = 200 13 2 π 2 ≠ · · 31 = f 31 200 = 2 ú 360 1 0 . = s358 m(elcigalsailrestrictions, spatial all (Neglecting mm 305.82 is 83 . 092 0 = 0009625 = = . 83 2 360 · r 9 9 π π mm oa distance total 305 tpdistance step mm · · 1 1 1 . . . 8=1 . 82 , 8 . : f . · 13 306 = 294525 iiu tptm (9.8) time step minimum mm ≠ uha iiu tptime step minimum as such s f ie(e qain81)is 8.14) Equation (see time , : 12 , uto steps of ount aeseprmtra in as motor stepper same hc s1.9m.The mm. 18.19 is which ) eod.(9.10) seconds. olwn dimensions: following e hfiuepotential, failure gh gseprmotors, stepper ng et f ,ti sclearly is this e, 1 2 to .Ti leads This ). oo with motor f 13 a be can (9.3) (9.6) (9.7) (9.9) (9.4) (9.5) Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ( saraymnindw sdtesm tpe oo eu o h carrie the for setup motor stepper same the used we mentioned already As hc rnltst prxmtl 1 p ( rpm 312 approximately to translates which Dpitdbl tensioner belt printed 3D eouin h noe eused we encoder The resolution. iiu rtdsac f1.9m ocndnl eemn h carrie and the ratio determine of transmission confidently rotation to a mm means 18.19 step of distance fret minimum rotar attached the with 9.1) Figure now in is gear white factor (see ratio gear gear T100 a driving gear, lead revolution per steps 200 with below s operating 0.0009625 to of limited time are step encoders minimum rotary the common setup encod Most rotary A angle. rotation problem. specific this for code suitable are encoders System Rotary Positioning Feedback carrier. 9.2.1 the fre of first position the exact find the to determine calibration to for system button tens positioning push acceleration belt a ge motor The Despite T20 stepper a 9.1). the occurred. site control Figure to opposite (see library screw the software M3 On a attached. p with is 3D fixture belt printed T100 GT2 3D A a a iteration. and on first motor the stepper during the mechanism on plucking the for used Implementation 9.2 o4 emnsprrvlto n eouinof resolution a and revolution per segments 40 to sg facmo oayecdr emdfidtega rnmsinrtoby ratio transmission gear the modified we encoder, rotary common a of usage 311 6 5 4 3 . e itiuoswbiefrfrhrinformation. further for website explanations. distributors further See control. for stepper tutorial for this library See AccelStepper the thingiverse. used on We tensioner belt this See 5 68 oi’ osbet eemn h oain ieto n,depend and, direction rotations the determine to possible it’s so , · 0 . 6=49 = 16 . 87 .Ti euto frtto pe rnsals fterttosangle rotations the of loss a brings speed rotation of reduction This ). eouin e second per revolutions 0 . 5 16 1 100 3 16 . 8 31 = n h are satce otebl yacap erle na on relied We clamp. a by belt the to attached is carrier the and ¶ =0 eouinof resolution a , . 25 6 . 16 a eouino 0ple e oain hc translates Which rotation. per pulses 20 of resolution a has mwihi bv h iiu rtdistance. fret minimum the above is which mm n ple otermrslsi prxmtl 0rpm 50 approximately in results rpm the to applied and = 5 1 9 . . 0 8 1948 . 0009625 =5 360 40 · mi ece ihu h oie gear modified the without reached is mm 0=311 = 60 =9 1 4 tl thg pespstoigerrors positioning speeds high at Still . ú ¶ h eouinms eblwthe below be must resolution The . 200 . =5 68 .I re osilalwthe allow still to order In ). eipeetdafeedback a implemented we t . 1948 n nisrslto,the resolution, its on ing rbsclycetsgrey creates basically er sfe oiin sone As position. fret rs , itdga smounted is gear rinted o scnrle i a via controlled is ion oiinn swe as positioning r to s rwsmounted was ar 0rm nour In rpm. 60 noe.The encoder. y ..Implementation 9.2. digaT16 a adding (9.11) 115 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Scn Iteration Second 9. 116 seFgr .)t ietymaueteses eue transmiss a used We steps. the measure directly to 9.2) Figure (see hl hsapoc okda oe pes ewr o bet e su get to able not were we speeds, lower at worked approach this While re to able not were we ratio transmission gear modified T100 to T16 the With eingas n osntme u eurmnswt epc ospee to respect with requirements our meet not does and goals, design sensor. the between ligh rotating a gear design a to printed tried we Therefore positioning. carrier for precision . idnsadImprovements and Findings 9.3 neddoeaigsedadti trtosapoc undott b to out turned approach iterations this and speed operating intended 7 e aahe o ute information. further for datasheet See iue91 eodieain tpe oo approach. motor stepper iteration: Second 9.1: Figure are ae tpcounter step based barrier t v pia sensor optical ive n precision. and d o plcbefrour for applicable not e in eut tthe at results cient c su a ach 7 n 3D and cient Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. iue92 eodieainsse counter. step iteration’s Second 9.2: Figure ..Fnig n Improvements and Findings 9.3. 117 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 02Implementation 10.2 Principles Underlying 10.1 021Fetn Mechanism Fretting 10.2.1 ihaprpciet rcso n pe,ti savr simple very a is this speed, and precision to perspective a With fe tbcm la ht ihntelmt forfiaca possibili financial our of limits the within that, clear became it After obndwt h .4st lc tigti usu o01 which s dam 0.16 the to perform up to sums s this 0.06 string another a and pluck string to a s down 0.04 pull the to with s Combined Maes 0.06 Pololu about Arduino. a takes the via It to ser controlled printed pins are 3D serial motors A servo via attached The 10.2). controller, Figure motors. servo (see servo fret all single on a placed controls motor servo One Arduino. also via now control is direct but of unchanged, we instead remains 10.1), controller mechanism Figure (see damping mechanism The fretting mechanism. the of redesign the Despite 10.1). 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 120 0 hr Iteration Third 10. 022Pukn Mechanism Plucking 10.2.2 lhuhtesl rne ih are tpcutrapoc i o wor not did approach counter step barrier light printed self the Although iue1..Teseprmtroeae sln sacrantrsodvleis value threshold certain a as long sen as optical operates transmissive barrier. motor a light stepper between The placed pluck is 10.3. the steps Figure for 40 approach every this for adapted holes successfully we iteration, second iue1.:Tidieain n ev e rtapoc,srohr ex horn servo approach, fret per servo One iteration: Third 10.2: Figure iue1.:Oesroprfe approach. fret per servo One 10.1: Figure o lgtbrir ssonin shown as barrier) (light sor n ehns.Ads with disk A mechanism. ing sitne nthe in intended as k eundfo the from returned tension. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 03Software 10.3 031CmadMessage Command 10.3.1 si undot htti trto a h oeta ofll u req our fulfill to potential the has iteration this that out, turned it As eintecmuiainwt h sritrae h ais a t way easiest The interface. user the with communication the design eaae austriae yanwiecaatr h structure c The message character. command newline A a strings. by multiple terminated a concl play values define to the separated to necessary to decided values we us the Therefore, lead all purpose. protocols our interface for music overdimensioned regarding research Our sou The Arduino. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. rcia at-MsclUser Musical - Part Practical Interface atIV Part 123 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. seScin61.Tei eto . xlie okn oueti t is document working explained 7.1 Section in The 6.1). 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 128 Iteration First 11. 11Ltrtr Research Literature 11.1 111Ds datgso rpia n agbeUe Interfaces User Tangible and Graphical of Advantages Dis- 11.1.1 diinly h uhr rdfie o-olbrtv prahfrthi for approach non-collaborative a predefined authors the Additionally, opeesv eerhwscnutdo h oi fmsclTI n t and TUIs musical of topic the on conducted was research comprehensive A h nefc hc ilb rae ntecus fti okcnprofi can work this of course the in created be will which interface The datg fimdaefebc n l datgswihsa ncnatwt v with contact in stay which advantages all and feedback immediate of advantage n bet h sri led sdt.Tetre ru fti oki,apar is, work defined this freely of too group e people, target an trained The of non-musically extension to. be the used must is already advantage they is applicable that user not the Another applicat objects resulting user. be and the one not that than will state, more interaction which for collaborative requirements on defined impact a already TUIs positive the of The advantages the work. all this not of GUIs, of advantages th the of Unlike 3.4.2. purpose Subsection specific in very recapitulated es the are is research, with guidelines, a explained also existing disadvantages be of necess GUI can lack if This and the evaluated, disadvantage, project. analyzed, last Wi tested, The be process. can design circle. at general iterative or in an prevented, design by be the reduced, can UI, greatly fur the be Two of occurrence representations non-experts. symbolic therefore to with and relating people people for ine trained designed The non-musically is theory. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 113Ipeetto Type Implementation 11.1.3 112RltdProjects Related 11.1.2 diinlyt hs rpris hssbeto hl lohighl also shall subsection this properties, these to Additionally ute itnto snta ayadi ietyrltdt h in the to related directly is and easy as not is distinction further A Us h bet htwl eue o h ntlainaedvlpde developed are installation the for used be will that objects The TUIs. h rjcsi usinaebigdsrbdi eto ..These 2.3. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 1 is Iteration First 11. 130 n constraint and 115SudGeneration Sound 11.1.5 Type Interaction 11.1.4 ihu rol ihlmtdhpi edak hsi adrta wit than harder is this feedback, haptic limited with only or Without fe ihihigteitrcintps h olwn subsecti following the types, interaction the highlighting After ok h nlgsudgnrto sitne omk h srfe oec more feel user the make to intended is generation sound analog the work, paramete music which of question the raises also type interaction The Kinect Microsoft the e.g. of instead wearables, choosing when i the limits subsection previous the from approach tabletop chosen The purpose. its in installation the devalues turn in which a etae akt hthsbe rdcd(ihtehl fadditional of help the (with produced been itsel has music what in to interest back more traced generate will be thus can and created has she/he rmt vnmr uist n upr h e the support and curiosity more even promote consider a thi involves of this context Although the generation. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 12Epr Interviews Expert 11.2 Author: 117Tre Group Target 11.1.7 Motivation 11.1.6 118ClaoaieApproach Collaborative 11.1.8 ecnutdfu xetitriw,wt he xet teaching experts three with interviews, expert four conducted We saraymnindsvrltmsi hscatr h neetand interest the chapter, this in times several mentioned already As codnl ooritriwgieiew ilotietecr mes core the outline will we guideline interview our to Accordingly Interacti and Interface Interaction, Computer Human of fields the in Vienna hsas lutae h motneo hsclpoete ftein the of properties physical of importance the illustrates also This gen sound the and motivation the to connected directly is group target The hc h curdkoldeo hspaewsaprerequisite. a was phase inte this expert of the knowledge of acquired documentation the the which contains section following The rusae sso ster,ese osatisfy. to easier , their as soon as are, groups neves loqoigtepriiat ftersaeeti of is statement their if participants the quoting also interviews, robot. guitar a of partici description the abstract provide very to otherwise inc prototype the topic, current of our our on showing introduction video, short betwe Un second a lasted the with interviews at started The works interview instrument. Every expert music One new Music. a Generative developed and Interfaces Musical as posit users. things, possible other from among interaction characte and, initial physical installation right the the the of of of li success choice the not The influence also etc. are materials, properties surfaces, physical to These collaborativity. to limited collaborative invites table the of avoided. shape be round must regar the form With that devel round with. noted be dispensed be to been should system it has the approach of collaborative properties a complexity, defined previously the Since very group di target the a makes be which to similar, restricti prove the or further can theory, group no diversification music occupational are and gender, There Si music age, variable. all. with as somewhat at contact is music into people with come trained experience has no there non-musicall has and term person the school comple a that the d that mentioned and This mean be system necessarily people. should the trained It of non-musically behavior non-musicians. as the for is defined but is musicians, group exclude target main the as and system the of goal the exactly is which music, with associated turn hswr)btas u n nomn r norgdtruhplayfulne through i encouraged (which are knowledge enjoyment only and not fun as syst also context, the but with this work) interaction in this the approach through important encouraged very be a to is user trained ahe Kamper Raphael ut ntecus ftetei,a arwydfie target defined narrowly as thesis, the of course the in culty ae andfo h conducted the from gained sages nfrymntsadoehour. one and minutes forty en uigtepeetto faten a of presentation the luding ie nyt hps u also but shapes, to only mited tteTcnclUiest of University Technical the at pca neetfrorwork. our for interest special tlain hc r o only not are which stallation, n o h agtgopsuch group target the for ons at etrunderstanding better a pants pdarayivleagreat a involve already oped laueo h non-musically the of pleasure itc a hrfr strongly therefore can ristics m h lyu prahis approach playful The em. ves o h xcto of execution the for rviews, vl nuneeg h fear the e.g. influence ively iyo h nu designed input the of xity rie epede not does people trained y c vroehsbe to been has everyone nce s hs mtosaein are emotions These ss. oiaino hswork. this of motivation o h anfcsof focus main the not s vriyo inaand Vienna of iversity otereactable[ the to d neato.Tu,a Thus, interaction. rto fti work, this of eration emnon-musically term fiiinde not does efinition nDsg swell as Design on 12 xetInterviews Expert 11.2. iesfid This diversified. 29 ], 131 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 132 1 is Iteration First 11. 122Agrtm n Protocols and Algorithms 11.2.2 123Instrument 11.2.3 Theory Music 11.2.1 sormcarnccntuto osnthv eoaigbd,adw ar we and body, resonating a have not does construction mechatronic our As u from made were Suggestions topic. complex very a is composition Algorithmic ilb di be will our for but standard, established and used widely a is protocol MIDI The to option an is scale major or pentatonic the like scales musical of use The ai oe ospotteue ncetn odsudn music sounding good creating in user the support to tones valid aea xetto bu o utrsud,adfrhrwl eue itnn omusic to theory. listening music used and be harmony will for further rules and classical sounds, of guitar application a the how throu under about back expectation played an and have amplified be to needs signal acoustic the pickup, explorati an in music compose to works. or interface melody, the specific how a out imitate req to The able performance. be life a during di person used single a be th by will designing used installation when be the consider will whether to or things depends important It most interface. the user of one is Context Markov the was composition, app chord learning and machine melody both, and for methods mentioned statistical method using samples, composed ful messages defined self create to flexibility higher to due option an ch approach. play valid to a guitar considered a was of melody th strings a on deeper create based sampl three to composition the composed ones chord using previously of of of possibility idea set the concrete fixed restrict a or use needed) either if to practice common a respectiv the statem to important authors most the the of that opinion means the this including project, highlighted the repercu be of the stage contains this subsection expe the last the The by expressed subsection. comments penultimate and suggestions, thoughts, Important rn nweg n xettose .i uem ti rca od to crucial is it museum, a in g. e. expectations and knowledge erent 2 h ento fgo ui fcus eed nteue’ ecpin u eo h w she or he but perception, user’s the on depends course of music good of definition The Epr neve:Epr n,0:2-0:6-tasae rmGra by German from translated - 08:46 - 08:02 One, Expert Interview: (Expert ol ab rvd h osblt odrcl eeaesomethi generate directly to possibility the provide maybe would hni’ oesml oueOC[.]yur utn oehryour together putting you’re [...] OSC use to simple more it’s Then esgs[.] Epr neve:Epr or 75 83 translate - 18:30 - 17:50 Four, Expert Interview: (Expert [...]” messages emnb h authors) the define by well German simple, super a is it obviously, it’s MIDI, Well, “[...] authors) it’ then protocol, MIDI the know you If [...] OSC? using you’re “But rn ntemnindstain.We einn h nefc f interface the designing When situations. mentioned the in erent 2 ymlil esn namuseum a in persons multiple by o copnmn ui tis it music accompaniment For . soso h einpoes At process. design the of ssions subject. e ligorneeds. our filling ieet o h interface the for uirements rsadtetrehigher three the and ords sdmsclsae The scale. musical used e t r umdu nthe in up summed are rts nefc.OSC interface. d opolm [...] problem. no s nsb h xet will experts the by ents s(n rnps them transpose (and es cd fteue should user the if ecide ups S ol be could OSC purpose ewy hl figuring while way, ve oce.Oesimple One roaches. glk control like ng w messages.” own ntuetadthe and instrument e hacnetdloud connected a gh rmn sr with users many or eemn e of set a determine sn noptical an using e model. igpreviously sing from d l probably ill the composed Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 124UesadInteraction and Users 11.2.4 125UaiiyadIptMethods Input and Usability 11.2.5 hndsgigfra ntlaini uemcasso colchildr school of classes museum a in installation an for designing When nte xetsgetduigbt ad o h neato,because interaction, the for hands both using suggested expert Another ar There testing. user through evaluated be to need methods input All ihasnl ntlaini iie.Etmtso naeaeinteract average an of Estimates limited. is installation single a with .g namsu,hapoe r eesr.Treoto h orinter four the of out Three necessary. are headphones museum, a in g. e. yascn xetwoas ugse sn aecontrollers: ju game than using argu more suggested This much also hands. of who both capable expert with are second played a and are by fingers instruments most and Also arms touchscreen. their coordinating at good objects: touchable unde through the interaction sli simplify body a could whole use interfaces to to user comparison when tangible like that design argued interface expert user musical for guidelines targe the in not users address di also out to figuring users of extreme possibility the with One is wi testing there interface. deal be used, the to are to enough tokens belonging robust instance items be for must if installation Additionally, the handling. that means This account. understandable. playin harder start interface additi not the and should make installation instrument could the The touch this Headphone audience. to because allowed an museum. is front a is she in in context, or failing anything museum’s he touch the that to visitor on not the depends childhood again early this from occur, learn might cons that be achievement. problem can of One which sense installation, a one experience impl with should This museum s she a time interacting. or in maximum stops minutes the and wi 15 Also interface frustrated spends the gets interface. understand understandable she to easy or able intuitive, he not that is referenc high, user a are a suggested If events, musical installation. organized per already who expert one di many with museum a In f to fear a be to going w not installation is our there audience. as audience, the that potential with argued a intinteracting participant and the One users with audience. the interact an to to of likely front more in probably fail int are could c users installation are as headphones the headphones, or If speakers context. of installation’s usage the the on on again views depends The headphones. or speaker ras sa btatmtpoia hn,weeIcntywa od ihit, T with Expert do authors) to Interview: the what (Expert by try guess.” German can I from I deficient translated where is touc thing, hand to [ metaphorical the instance do, abstract just for we an racket what as tennis of also a or [...], meaning, representation a a them want give we step, abstraction “No rn xiiinpee h ieaue swligt pn int spend to willing is user a time the pieces exhibition erent note: eern oteWiimote], the to referring e,o oetoee.One potentiometer. a or der, rn neato om could forms interaction erent yisl ogi attraction, gain to itself by g ru fmsu visitors. museum of group t sadn fteitraein interface the of rstanding o iecntb ae but made, be can’t time ion hnti iepn chances timespan, this thin osblt fteto small of theft of possibility etpasarl.I user a If role. a plays pent raei hr sn erto fear no is there if erface nlymnmz h erof fear the minimize onally re 55 61 - 06:14 - 05:51 hree, reewt di a with erfere iwdeprssuggested experts viewed nhv ob ae into taken be to have en au ftreminutes three of value e sal epeaereally are people usually oseicshmsor schemes specific no e drdalto ie he time, of lot a idered i,keiguesfrom users keeping ail, e h eest fa of necessity the ies ol ieahn to hint a give could s etwsconfirmed was ment hants careful so not a th 12 xetInterviews Expert 11.2. nrvril This ontroversial. l o eknown be not ill htuulyyou usually that and h tuiga using st but rn one erent eracting 133 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 1 is Iteration First 11. 134 127Feedback 11.2.7 Interfaces Playful 11.2.6 nte neetn omn aefo n fteitriwe hnt when interviewees the of one from came comment interesting Another h uioyfebc rmteisrmn tefms eteprim the be must itself instrument the from feedback auditory The param sound of manipulation the with correlates interface user the with uioyfebc,adtefebc hudntb intrusive: interface use be musical the not A of should part. playing feedback mechatronic the the the and mean of feedback, not failure auditory does or th here interface played, Error the being of sound errors. the or of approach. suggestions advantage feedback the for an acoustic evaluate as direct and seen the be Besides someti should be so it should authoritarian, how it always of instrum case is thought music Design ones our way. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. seScin1. n 11.5). and 11.4 Section (see 128Adtoa Notes Additional 11.2.8 129Repercussions 11.2.9 l ftefloigrprusoswl eicue hncreating when included be will repercussions following the of All h ieai o h opitra ol lob endb tns that stones, by defined be also could interval loop the for axis time The c very formulating expert one with mode loop a suggested experts Two h ugsin ocrigteacmaietadtecod r ae ov taken are chords the and accompaniment the concerning suggestions The idea: his refined later expert The ihako n ipaigtecod’ro oewl ekp nmind in kept be will note root chords’ the displaying and knob a with nesadbeta fyucnntpa nisrmn,i ucl det quickly it instrument, an play not can you if that understandable di were deemed there was Since accompaniment for three and experts. melody the users’ by Als the dissonance. for used avoiding guitar be input, the user should any chords match which that arises chords question be the would Now Ideal work. the of course voice input. harmony an possible as A melody herself. In the or considering interval. him- current model user Markov the the a of by end created the always and be beginning the marking right, understanding: better for 11.1) Figure (see interface the imme mode. interface record the the of acou in manipulation direct sound every process corresponding that first creation the means can sound of This user the user. the Whilst the whereas later. to mode, back Hz record them 130 and around play play of and a frequency regar suggested a confusion with expert C3 One to is lead red may dark which g. color, accurate. e. a music not th to and in color meaning as of special well Mapping a as give di design many to mechatronic contain try the not in should role part important mechanical an play could Color prah h hiefl nteueo edhns o h uhr fti w this of authors the For headphones. of use the on fell choice The approach. o ih,te o opqai[ustesm eoyaan n o invi you and again] melody same the [hums quasi loop you then high], - low - Epr neve:Epr or 30 31 rnltdfo emnby German from translated - 13:17 - 13:04 Four, Expert Interview: (Expert us,bcueti esbrn at o us noc h interaction the enforce quasi authors) low you tones: fast, four boring [hums gets somehow this is because that quasi, and stones four has really now one “If 09: - i 09:11 Four, for authors) Expert be the would Interview: by This (Expert immediatel German quasi. think.” is overfrom changes I it say tone start recognizable, to according cool somehow so the really is loops then that and up, tones loop, this four a push those quasi instance has for one has then quasi one that “And, rn pnoswt h edhns h uhr aet eieo an on decide to have authors the headphones, the with opinions erent rn oos steei hneta sr might users that chance a is there as colors, erent h eurmnsaduecases use and requirements the hsseai eoiswould melodies scenario this lo sn he tig of strings three using Also, . r uil alrsfo the from failures audible ers nrt da n sketching and ideas oncrete itl ed oplayback to leads diately ol egnrtdusing generated be could r rgbefo etto left from dragable are tcfebc sprovided is feedback stic o h accompaniment. the for ,ajsigtechords the adjusting o, ob ai approach valid a be to eodseicsounds specific record 5-translated - 25 tsm point.” some at igteinterface. the ding rfrtefurther the for er 12 xetInterviews Expert 11.2. la,i I if clear, y nefc.The interface. e sac a nstance r,i sounds it ork, sscientifically is high - them, the te 135 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 136 Iteration First 11. h edako h ntlaini fcus eyiprat pr rmth from Apart important. very course of is installation the of feedback The fift and three between is installation on spend users time of amount The o nytevsa edakbtas h hsnclr lya motn rol important an play colors chosen the also but feedback visual the only Not suggestions, possibly and avoided. errors installation and melody, easy user-generated be should tokens anot that assumptions In cons our he suboptimal. confirmed as therefore also expert, and experts an aggravating in the by of project on confirmed one the later indirectly range, to used expert was interaction loop be four tokens the possibly the through could adjust of input that to two of possibility input by A the proposed tokens. was Regarding suggested approach approach. loop this the on that focus fact the to res Due wanted the melody. desi achieve sounding the to good needed as a time problem, of the interact expected unde reduces the an must 3.3.2) that represent user Subsection circumstance, doesn’t the The short, that minutes. quite set three as be than can more goal no the in evaluations, later for benchmark is. implementation l an for such noted complex is how t model arises, by Markov question disturbed recommended the not the also suggestions, again the is Regarding environment the and than strong environment as the perceived from distractions Furthermore, environment. iue1.:Sec fEpr Four. Expert of Sketch 11.1: Figure l.I hscs:tecreation the case: this In ult. st h edhnsaenot are headphones the to ks nattd lyuns (see playfulness attitude gn uioyfebc hudbe should feedback auditory o ieisl a eseen be can itself time ion h ok h hsnform chosen The work. the e iue.A further a As minutes. een e etr ftetokens, the of feature her trrsac.However, research. ater einstallation. he drdtewhole-body the idered nxesv oreplace. to inexpensive sadteinterface the rstand ,teatoswill authors the s, h xet also experts the upto the of output e ntewhole the in e Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 13Personas 11.3 srdatce ra motnet orc eaiu swl sa as well as behaviour correct to importance great attaches Astrid ihhscide.Atrhsdvreti en hth n i chil his and he that means this somethi divorce does Lance his has, After he children. time his free few with the In existence. workaholic Sect in described personas of description the contains section This elgomdapaac n odbhvo.I e pr ieshe time spare her In behavior. good and appearance well-groomed ac Strong Lance nmsc hnselsest ui,selsest htvris whatever to listens int she not radio. music, is the to She on listens friends. broadcast she of circle when small music, a in with something do to likes together. busines company a her at running husband a been her agent, have e met they of estate She then lot job. real since a her and proud and in dinner work successful a hard very and through is achieved She old only years has she 44 profession is Oakgrem Astrid Oakgrem Astrid to listens mostly he time skateboard. spare lessons, his his music uses In from and cloth apart music. brand has, to in his Jackie connection open less with little appearance. lot to classmates his rebellious a lot his his had causes impress a they and to try and since tries parents quickly especially He His many him, quite childhood. for trouble. too bored possibilities of has gets all lot often up a He who teachers and man, head. parents skateboarding. young his is rebellious hobby in greatest somewhat mischief whose a student is old year He 16 a is Jackie Stew cl loves Jackie but instrument an play doesn’t youth. Lance his the of are turns. be him department to he reminds IT happens whom the there or to or assistant ones something his soon around problems, As way technical technology. his some or know computers doesn’t about he idea o as no the c has to the Lance get in emergency. to Mostly able weekends. be on to child-friendly something his do usually of because partly connection direct who, in owner stays company which perfectionist, old a year is 52 profession, a is Lance Pexel on found been have Section this descr in are seen personas images six All minimum, group. absolute target the represents type user installation. 3 pexel.com eqikyi aeo ncmayrelated company an of case in quickly ce ihhis with erested being their dren o ..Sneoeproaper persona one Since 7.1. ion rap ort. ity ng es bdhr u otebroad the to due here ibed s 3 . si ok eas it because rock, assic 13 Personas 11.3. 137 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 138 1 is Iteration First 11. 14Requirements 11.4 saraydsrbdi h rvoscatr,temngmn frequirem of management the chapters, previous the in described already As new learn to curious and eager very is and draw to loves She Austria. hc stecniuu aaeeto h pcfidrqieet,w requirements, specified the of management continuous the is which h ucinladue eurmnsaevr aul enda this at defined vaguely very are requirements user and functional The thr in defined was project the for requirement each of importance The eyucranadsig ewe in n harp. and piano between swings and uncertain very hs seScin 16ad11.7). proces and creation 11.6 the Sections in (see precisely phase more defined were requirements D. Appendix the ( in dot listed white ( are a yellow by 7.2, color represented Section the is by level, visualized lowest is the and level second the called appendix. also the level, in important seen be can and part practical the of method each resul The th 7.2). determining Section of of (see result engineering requirements the of reflects activity thus section This process. still is she moment the At well. as expre instrument has an Christine t learn why Her to is which wish qualities. instrument, these the an exactly play with all convinces brothers Upper she of school side At country things. the from girl ten-year-old bright a is Christine skills. motor Bestin is fine it Christine to sings, comes it she when When skilled very h song. is sometimes a she Agatha in if alone. rhythm even rather right sing, Apart the to burden. loves finding a she wantproblems be visits, doesn’t to museum she want the doesn’t because from and woman, uncomfortable hesitant anyone locations and make public insecure to has calm very and she a small retirement, quiet is a her other She in and Since alone museums lives Vienna. visiting who of enjoyed hairdresser outskirts retired the old on year apartment 64 a is Agatha style. Christinsen art Agatha his Lewi influences strongly friends. art that new other make fact or and a concerts blind, people the small color with many in chat also to to is Especially goes likes family. he He t where his music. events to and and likes girlfriend art and year of his modest 33 fields with friendly, The things is skills. mentality, new extensive relaxed gained out his very already with has a scene and has art district old first the creat the in or in attention sings, found some guitar, usually plays he is artist, He street artwork. a as performs Lewis When Ilton Lewis eurmnsEngineering Requirements utHave Must r lodslyi hsscin h euto h orhactivity, fourth the of result The section. this in display also are srpeetdb re o ( dot green a by represented is , .Tefl ito eurmns sdsrbdin described as requirements, of list full The ). ,whereas ), ftescn n hr activities third and second the of t eurmns hc stefirst the is which requirements, e ftesece n mockups and sketches the of s hree ssed as ry es iet Have to Nice tg ftepoet sthese as project, the of stage s . ). l a ouetdafter documented was ill hudHave Should elvl.Temost The levels. ee nsi continuous a is ents hc equals which , represents Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. ucinlRequirements Functional Requirements Business srRequirements User Requirements System 10. 5. 2. 8. 1. 9. 2. 2. 1. 3. 2. 5. 4. 1. 1. 7. 6. 3. 4. 3. 4. lentv n u way. fun and alternative pe n volume. and speed melody. harmonious more a creating user. the by changeable be user. the by set be OSC. or MIDI like protocol, system. the by enabled h nefc omncto ewe h U n h ehnclpr mu part mechanical the and MUI the between communication interface The h ciiista h ytmealsteue opromaentcol not are perform to user the enables system the that activities The h rdc fti okms emitial ynnpormes exte non-programmers/ by maintainable be must work this of product The h oiino oe ntemld n hi ui aaees(pitch parameters music their and melody the in tones of (pitch parameters position music The their and melody the in tones of position The h ytmsol naeteue ihmscb etn i/e cre him/her letting by music with user the engage should system The h ytmms eal ocpuetecretpsto fec oe u token each of position current the capture to able be must system The the of volume output the change u to the possibility by the changeable have be must must user minute) The per beats (in speed playback The change. to easy be must mechanism creation sound possible. the as on software strings source guitar open The much as contain should system The Arduin the like microcontrollers, on run must strings. software guitar written analog The with music produce must headphones. installation via The output be must music generated The wearables). (no tangible be must user the from input The year a of quarters three the museum) for a time in development maximum (e.g. The customers Euro more 1700 attract exceed should not installation must The project the of costs development The h srcnacp rdcietn ugsin ytesse,wihtyt he to try which system, the by suggestions tone decline or accept can user The h ytmms aeacntn oncint h nu eie to devices input the to connection constant a have must system The ospotteue ntemscceto rcs,msclaccompani musical process, creation music the in user the support To rRsbryPi. Raspberry or o aoaiei nature. in laborative t eoisi an in melodies ate e h playback the set uain must duration) , must duration) , ser. system. sed. etms be must ment nlpersonnel. rnal tueamusic a use st 14 Requirements 11.4. phmin him lp 139 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 140 1 is Iteration First 11. seApni E.1). Appendix (see 15UeCases Use 11.5 fe h pcfiaino h eurmnsnwflostedefinit the follows now requirements the of specification the After h opeeuecsswt l rpris sepandi atI,ar II, Part in explained as properties, all with cases use complete The proce creation the from arose which questions t documented of authors stage The this at underestimated be not should cases use of importance The .) nyqetoswihrsl nacerase rmteepr in expert the from answer clear a in result which questions only 7.3), aho h olwn uscin oss ftems motn s case use important most the of consist subsections following b The still of was Each thesis the of part section. mechanical this the in answered while directly created are were project cases the work. of this stage of current course the in taken in decisions design represent answers furthe for issues specific highlight and di project the the between of basis the form ex and alternative an requirements. represents user 3.5.3, the Subsection in mentioned already Requirements Non-functional 13. 16. 15. 12. 11. 14. 10. Software 1. 2. 9. 8. 5. 3. 7. 6. 4. hudas okfrpol ihmsclknowledge. musical with people for work also should frets. two h nefc hudhv lal nesadbedsg yadheri by design understandable clearly a have should interface The h ice rcso utntece h uioytrsodo about of threshold auditory the exceed not must precision pitches The h ntlainsol eotmzdfraitrcintm rmtret three from time interaction a for optimized be should installation The ea ewe n n uptsalntipi h user. the impair not shall output and in- between Delay h ytmnest evsal appealing. visually be to needs her. system or reconfigured. The him be for to impediment needs an rarely be system not The should user the of size The t to due system the using in disadvantage no have users replace). Colour-blind (to inexpensive be must shape tokens round The a have not should table The bpm. 180 least at with melodies at play to able be should minimum. system absolute The an at be must failure Mechanical user the of fears interaction initial minimize to has installation The playfulness. integrate must system The usability. good a for attributes all fulfill must installation The h kl ftetre ru eadn ui slwo o-xsat but non-existant, or low is music regarding group target the of skill The , Hardware rn s ae a ese ntefr faULuecs iga nFgr 11.2. Figure in diagram case use UML a of form the in seen be can cases use erent , Input and , Feedback h e usin hc a easee tthe at answered be can which questions few The . eas ftefc,ta h use the that fact, the of Because eeomn.Teinteraction The development. r h usin r subdivided are questions The o fuecss hc,as which, cases, use of ion eves a eanswered. be can terviews, tahdi h appendix the in attached e igpoue seFigure (see produced eing so h s ae,which cases, use the of ss rprisa h moment. the at properties addrpeetto of representation panded gt einknowledge. design to ng s. epoet sthey as project, he erlimitation. heir ± fenminutes. fifteen o 8c e n t sb e t w e e n h system the Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 151Cet Melody Create 11.5.1 h srbgn omnplt on aaeestruhamxueo exp of mixture a through parameters sound manipulate to begins user The Description: h rnmte nomto oteue smil navsa level. visual a on mainly Questions: melodies. is Resulting simple user compose the to to tries information r user transmitted are the the construction knowledge mechanical this the on through Based (output) betwe feedback connections acoustic Concrete and tokens. input tangible with interaction • Software – – – – – iue1.:ULUeCs iga eoetesecigprocess. sketching the before Diagram Case Use UML 11.2: Figure fo ,Badestring). e and B G, (from :Teeatnme fpaal oe scretyucer hti c is What unclear. currently is tones playable of number exact The A: availab the of area selected a where approach, loop the uses system The A: :Wa ui rain dtn hlspyi h ytmbsdon? based system the is philosophy editing creation/ music What Q: lydi op h opae a lob hne hogotteuesin users the throughout changed be also can area loop The loop. a in played oeti,ta h eoycetdb h srwl epae nthr on played be will user the by created melody the that is, moment (Interfaces other each with interact components software system? the the do of How components Q: software the are What Q: :Hwmn oe a eplayed? be can tones many exist? 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 1 is Iteration First 11. 142 • • • Feedback Hardware Input – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – :Acrigt h xet en nevee,ti savldapp valid a is this interviewed, being experts the to According A: p the restrict Either possibilities: two currently are There A: ilb sdfrtemld n he tig o h accompaniment. the for strings three and melody the for used be will :Aetetknlmtdt eti e ftns ue/chords? tunes/ tones/ chord)? of a set tune, certain a a tone, to (single limited token token a the of Are metaphor Q: musical the is What Q: :Hwcntetkn epteue oudrtn h urn syste current the understand to user the help tokens the can How Q: :Hwcnteue espotdwtotgvnte h eln htt that feeling to? the want them don’t given they without something supported do be not user does the can How Q: comprehensivel displayed be status system current the can How Q: inde accompaniment the of volume possibil the volume? the adjust overall has to the user possible to the be (if it selected Should be Q: accompaniment the chos can they How are Q: or melodies accompaniment prevente between be choose system? that user can the How Can intended? Q: as not react? input System the the use should users can How Q: MUI? the of components hardware the are What Q: analogy? created be also accompaniment the Should Q: afterwards repeated be it Will use the take? accompany accompaniment to the often? used does be long should How chords Q: or samples and predefined samples What predefined Q: use or scale necessary. musical if used them the on based composition beat? per played be can tones many How Q: :I hr a ouedrc atcfebc eg ubigmotor rumbling (e.g. feedback haptic direct use to user? way the a to there shown Is be Q: should feedback visual What Q: di any there Is be? token Q: one should big like? How Q: look tokens the do How Q: be? to have table the of? does made height table What the Q: is components material/ on? What run software Q: the does hardware What Q: on? based accompaniment the is principle What Q: :Wa edakde h srgtcnenn h accompaniment? the concerning get user the does feedback What Q: :Wa oossol eue o hc ytmsau/property? status/ system which for used be should colors What Q: rnebtentetkn?Aeteeaydi any there Are tokens? the between erence oc.Trestrings Three roach. rn oe types? token erent siiiyo chord of ossibility y? s)? status? m t od so)? do to ity esystem he pendently nb the by en transpose sinput? rs ?How d? How ? Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 153Ajs lyakSpeed Playback Adjust 11.5.3 Melody Edit 11.5.2 h srlt h urn eoypa atro lwrb sn t using by slower or faster play melody current the lets user The tangi the rearranging by music created previously the edits user The Description: Description: ii.Tesse ecsacrigyadpastecetdmld f p melody the created decrease the Questions: or plays Resulting increase and let accordingly to reacts able system is The she limit. he/ device, this using 1). Case Use (see Questions music creating Resulting of principle similar the to according • • • • • • Feedback Input Hardware Software Input Software – – – – – – – – – – – :Hwcntesse upr h sr ota i/hrsottr mem term short her his/ that so user, the support system the can How Q: :Wa stehpi edakwe unn h nu eiefrth for device input the turning when feedback haptic the is What Q: speed playback the adjust to used playback be should the device adjust input to Which Q: device the should installation the placed? on Where Q: they? are big how used, being bpm? are of stages stages If or Q: bpm between transition continuous Use Q: system? the by allowed being bpm maximum and minimum the are What Q: tones? defined already remove/delete user tones? the defined does already How the Q: change user the does How Q: reduced? be can loaded? and persisted be melodies Can Q: :Wa cn a eue savsa eahrfor metaphor visual a as used be can icons What Q: ( eascae nu eie By device. input associated he at and fast) abc pe ni certain a until speed layback l bet.Eiigi done is Editing objects. ble se/slower. aster/ ( slow)? lyakspeed? playback e ? pe be speed 15 s Cases Use 11.5. r load ory 143 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 1 is Iteration First 11. 144 154Ajs lyakVolume Playback Adjust 11.5.4 155Acp rDcieSuggestions Decline or Accept 11.5.5 h srajsstevlm uptvaapyia nu eieo th on device input physical a via output volume the adjusts user The nefc.Teue a ihracp h ugsin(neatwith gets Questions: (interact set Resulting suggestion be the to accept token(s) ignore). either the or can for decline help user melody, The the interface. of creation the During adju When Questions: wears. Resulting user returned. the is headphones feedback via visual and/or output haptic gets then volume sound Description: Description: • • • • • • Feedback Input Feedback Software Hardware Input – – – – – – – – – – – :Teue er edhns(e eto 11.2). Section (see headphones wears user The A: :Hwde h ugsinvsaiainlo like? look visualization suggestion the does How Q: :Wa cn hudb sdfrtevsa ersnaino h on v sound the of representation visual the for used be should icons What Q: :Weeo h ntlainwl h eiet duttevlm ep be volume the adjust to device the will volume? installation the the adjust on to Where chosen Q: be should device input What Q: :We stesgeto ipae?Wa ehia aaeestrigge parameters technical What displayed? suggestion the is When Q: displayed? suggestion the is Where sound? the output to used be should device Which Q: :Wa stergtaon fsgetos h srsol o elta th that feel him. not should from user away The taken being suggestions? of is amount process right the is What Q: :Hwcnteue ceto eln suggestions? decline or accept user the can How Q: non-intrusive? be suggestion the non-intrusive? can How be Q: to need suggestion the Does Q: ntlain h adjusted The installation. e t rdciei (actively it decline or it) ipae nteuser the on displayed tn h volume, the sting laced? them? r olume? creation e Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 16Sketches 11.6 156Ajs opArea Loop Adjust 11.5.6 161BakApproach Blank 11.6.1 hl h eoyi en lydi op h srcnajs the adjust can user the loop, a in played being is melody the While fe h eeto fti ucinlt,teamo hspaewst d to was phase this of aim the functionality, this of selection the After ttebgnig h ln prahsatdudrtename the under started approach blank the beginning, the At h eut ftesecigpoesrsle ntrepossibi three in resulted process sketching the of results The Description: oe apdtelnt ftetn.Tetkncnb lcdo ordi four on placed be can token The w tone. point the this of at length token intended the The was di mapped grid begin. three token pitches The have and to creation. beats intended its new and of where course see the to in user name its changed but proces sketch the of c impact the the to to project. order dedicated one the chronological is in and subsection possibilities 11.6.2) last design the Subsection these (see of one discarded explain be to had possibilities those of whic it, in wi components up physical come mockups. had to to also was to assigned sketches used focus Some were The interaction. post-its similar. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 146 Iteration First 11. ttebgnigo h rjc twscniee oipeetafu a implement to considered was it project the of beginning the At h te he tig r,a ugse nteepr interviews, expert the in suggested as are, strings three other The w user, the to status token and system current the visualizes p This be can that tones the of pitch the displays hand other the on y-axis The iulzto lovnse.A led ttd h rae eoyo the of melody created the stated, already As vanishes. also visualization aeo h oe hrsbs-oei ipa.Teie aefo n of one from came idea The chord display. power the is deactivates base-tone knob chords the power of the t di position of of for between top number name knob transition The a continuous one to position. no bar set in is each be snap T There under can chord. that itself chord. power means, knob one a The That representing of present. bar. base-tone is one the chord kn of power set round duration to A the used for instead. is played 4.1) 11.3, Subsection Figure complic (see in and chords cylinder intensive power melodi computationally use harmonic extremely to compose is decided not time can real algorithms in creating tion music most as However, two on played gets achieve tone to same only the strings when the confusion whi of to Tones one lead changes. only not tone to to of assigned and succession in were generation rapid are strings, the two strings to of melody due one These 10, part. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. oe n Constraint and Token aatfo ieo o fteko,ntsece nFgr 11.3). Figure in sketched not knob, the of top on line a from (apart fe kthn h rdapoc h w uhr atal reconsider partially authors two the approach grid the sketching After was approach loop the section, this of beginning the at mentioned already As nte rf favsa i a efuda h otmo h mg seFgr 11. Figure (see image the of bottom the at found be can aid visual a of draft Another a icre.Ised twsdcddt s w oes hc r p are which tokens, two use to decided was it Instead, discarded. was ol aeteue oeteoeve.I a lodfie,ta h l the that defined, corre also not was does It area overview. interaction the the lose that user fact, the have the would by justified was This iulydsigihbe iitr vriwi ipae be displayed is overview miniature A distinguishable. visually rmfutain(e odnrlso Idsg nSbeto ..) tmay It p 3.4.1). that Subsection something in di and design this prevention UI error of non-instrusive of rules a form golden not a (see therefore as frustration is seen from and be also user can the snapping by i rejected an be enables di therefor cannot no have Snapping should t grid. user projected the the are functi by token, displayed the the to being beneath refers formally displayed Therefore Snapping rectangle, orientation. 11.6.4). colored users’ Subsection the the (see on assistance impact an negative as a have can the grid G approach, overloaded this displayed visually of the the name of that (reconsidered) was because y-axis the fear user for the The the responsible of of discarded. end understanding lo also lower the were the the for approach for th at grid exclusively to placed the reserved limitation of being is physical moved tone-tokens with be with area, can problems interaction tokens the the which of on bottom the at used fr re removed The completely m was time. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 148 1 is Iteration First 11. osbeslto oti rbe steisalto fsalmgeson magnets small of installation the is problem this to solution possible A ohl h nldcso nt s h yidia rrcaglrtoken rectangular or cylindrical the use to on decision final the help To s be can approach blanks the of tone-tokens the for possibility second The ob evaluated. be to di doesn’t Ap token aid. cylindrical snapping- with the approach of blank Se surface implementation the (see table hardware-side tone-tokens, projected the a gets in to picture magnets equivalent the The an which itself. on tabletop foil the semi-transparent in durin and movement tokens unintentional the an Sin surface, filled table’s rotated. gets the gets itself token on bar the point The when anchor feedback an set. haptic the is the on length concerns markings strin tone problem the certain small of by a color when visualized the indicate levels, empti represents fill and bar clockwise Predefined the turned played. of gets color token The the when anti-clockwise. filled gets which bar scree of darkening the and users di dar the a the for for darke confusion because used somewhat to especially represented led practicable, be have considered probably should not beats was and idea bars this free still and set ytrigtetknt h eto otergt h urn oele tone l current the The change right. to the was to idea or The left the cylinder. to a token of the shape turning the by have tokens this as rn ups seScin12.1). 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 162Crl Approaches Circle 11.6.2 ihtefl-adhl-iceapoc hr a loteconsiderati the also was there approach half-circle and full- the With nucranyta utb vlae.Teacmaietadisadjust its and accompaniment The evaluated. be must that uncertainty An diinldi Additional hs mrciaiiisldt h eino h afcrl appr half-circle the of design the to led impracticabilities These The area. loop the set to tokens two uses also approach full-circle The a negatively thus and TUIs oaheeti hr uthv esvrltkn ihdi with tokens several be have must there this achieve To ufc otewl.Hwvr hswsrjce o eea esn.F reasons. several for rejected was this However, wall. the to surface a ob.Ti sbcueo h emr hc eeae h project the generates which height-adjustable beamer, the be of to because has is area interaction This the be. if to However, has area. display the of di regarding problems physic out stands 11.5b, Figure di in haptic dark that shown so level, di token, fill the The show token. visual to the possibl the was, by One idea length The circle. tone a properties. actual c of the their radius reflecting change the and to of size able regardless same be is the also that tokens must form, tokens and the size line, a pitch p each encountered of the radius of all not for but semicircular some, in solve only would accompanime approach, form The rectangular half-circular height. previous the pitch represen the the x-axis in represents curved, like semic y-axis now also The the The, and semicircle. approach. right the grid to of the middle as the properties in and stands user the approach t likely very is it collaborativity), but confusion. round, imply imp to would is the lead it surface demonstrate interaction (as table the rectangular the cabl of be of the shape center in the the tangled since in oveFurthermore being getting of as of lot such process a problems, the Additional loses u user seen. the the if be possibility, orientation the never this the of Following on rese part influences circle. strongly upper negative the which such the have surface, to not interaction opposed would the di as radar, of additional are, cause shape rotation, circle might The th full the that overview. did a of circumstance only during part A not left lower reversed. to that the area, right meant at sequenc to turn tones time right in low The to This and approach. left right. blank from to changes the left tones from course from adopted the to in is contrast position line) in current a the of and form 11.5a the Figure in (green line ingoing approach. blank the of principle same the on based accompan the inte for the side with right contact on eye s continuous and each the melody on hinder created drawn may the arrangement are for unclear. this they side still as left approaches, respectively, the other strings On the three with for as positions positi is, proposed the installation approaches, the both of between nent similarities here. the presented with are Starting which of both h created, to were intended approaches was surface interaction’s the approaches, circle the In h neato rao h rvosapoc seFgr 15.A result a As 11.5). Figure (see approach previous the of area interaction the ute ihtetkn nbt prahscm olgt u otein the to Due light. to came approaches both in tokens the with culties rn egt fteues hscudb ovdwt najsal he adjustable an with solved be could This users. the of heights erent rnito sas possible. also is erentiation c h teto ou fteues o tt seSbeto 3.4.2) Subsection (see state flow users’ the of focus attention the ect rn oelnt i the via length tone erent rn ooso te hsclo visual or physical other or colors erent ve,bcuetewoetbecan table whole the because rview, ah(e iue1.b.Wt this With 11.5b). Figure (see oach ute o h sr nkeigthe keeping in users the for culties nn ftemcaia compo- mechanical the of oning reapebcueo possible of because example or no tahn h interaction the attaching of on be h iulotu fa of output visual the mbles l level fill h hp ftetbehsto has table the of shape the rl a h aestructure same the has ircle ato ufc datg of advantage surface raction atclt fti approach. this of racticality stetm orefo left from course time the ts v di a ave a hscrusac can circumstance this hat h kthsvsaietwo visualize sketches The dpcue utmaintain must picture, ed so h edhns and headphones, the of es .I a upce that suspected was It m. raueadsz rhave or size and urvature u h oiin fhigh of positions the but e to ntemdl of middle the in stood ser ouinwst ieall give to was solution e tadtelo raare area loop the and nt ftecetdmld (in melody created the of lyfo h eto the of rest the from ally re fteplaceable the of order e edako h system. the of feedback roblems. ae lc clockwise, place takes e eetdlo ra its area, loop selected etpsiiiiswere possibilities ment ipae ntpof top on displayed , mn.Tee The iment. d ftetbetop. table the of ide rn hp than shape erent fti da two idea, this of h hl table whole the , interaction creasing 16 Sketches 11.6. c of ect ight . 149 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 150 1 is Iteration First 11. 163DaigApproach Drawing 11.6.3 hl risomn h uhr endtotnil nu objects: input tangible two defined authors the brainstorming While scnb en hsapoc ae oedvrepolm,weeol som only where problems, diverse some faced approach this seen, be can As hsapoc a h i ffidn agbeitrcinmto without method interaction tangible a finding of aim the had approach This etcladhrzna oeet.Hnetenm fti prah tone A approach. this of name the Hence movements. horizontal and vertical h e si otc ihtetbea eti ic.A ona h pen the as soon As pitch. certain a at table the with contact in is pen the i1.) sso stetpo h e oce h al,tnscnb create be can tones table, the touches pen the of tip the as soon As Fig11.6). pr rmec te.T rae oe a esitdb otnostouc continuous a by shifted be can between tones transitions created create Th to pit other. possible new each also the from example at apart di for starts many is tone in it new expanded device a be to, can adhered which is approach, pitch the which position has approach 11.6.1). this Subsection that (see from approach Apart blank surface. the interaction as the on lay constantly made. the were Therefore, sketches pu it. the direct complicates after any rather serve shortly but not inter requirement does the itself any make in fulfill didn’t form or circular requirements The of challenging. number a with interfere insu with people or Thi h children surface. always impairments, interaction physical image the displayed with with the people together that on moved so be tabletop therefore the must from distance same the iue1.:Sece ftetodi two the of Sketches 11.5: Figure a ulcrl Sketch Full-circle (a) rn as ihcniuu rcigo h input the of tracking continuous With ways. erent rn,created ering, b afcrl sketch Half-circle (b) iceapoce eediscarded were approaches circle cinbtenue n system and user between action ps nti rf n osnot does and draft this in rpose iceApproaches Circle oe hc r aypitches many are which tones ntr a eaiee negative a has turn in s in hsclstrength. physical cient h hsi arysimple fairly a is This ch. e n neae (see eraser an and pen a stesm ie It size. same the as h aeproperties same the ftepen. the of h xed h y-axis the exceeds sn oe which token using fte didn’t them of e ,i.e. d, at sln as long as lasts drawn ,by ect Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 164Repercussions 11.6.4 ihvsa edaki omo ooe etnl hc ssihl lar slightly is which rectangle colored a of form in feedback visual with hrfr,tetpo h e utb hmee ta nl htde o ne not does that angle an at chamfered be must pen the of tip the Therefore, i that convey to primarily pens, ordinary than larger is itself pen The h aeapiso h etclai u ihtenaetpth ot To pitch. nearest the with but axis vertical the on applies same The r functional another of addition the be to considered is change biggest The etnl np oapsto httesse osdr ai.We mo When valid. considers system the that position a near to the snaps to rectangle horizontally moves Whe automatically token. rectangle recogniz the the system beneath of thy displayed center explained, area, the already interaction as the is, Snappin on rectangle token snapping. a mentioned f puts previously the user of the the beats of as respective set-i use soon the right the on the by have based determining achieved not is in is do set-in user music correct the with The support familiar melody. to not decided are was who it people many Since project. ad precisely be to area. area interaction loop the the the on in allows displayed mentioned that currently t overview, size keeping bar miniature a as the have consequence, case, should logic this approach, melod four a In longer have be easy. produce to would not to overview possible is order the also in of is them comeback it between the table, switch pen. the and the at them of tokens save end no the are at there being attached Since of be the Instead also erases surface. can that table eraser it secon the the to a on object, attached with representation code visual surface a it table has touches the counterpart, touching its by like point. deleted eraser, this be at can unclear tones is Created bevel this of angle The cont interaction. Direct di use. as to advantageous, the easy also and but is ones, larger table smaller be the than must recognize pen to the easier inconsistently, are patterns larger Because n htaQ oe(rsmlr a eceryrcgie ytesse at system the by recognized clearly be can similar) (or code QR a that and iue1.:Sec fthe of Sketch 11.6: Figure rwn Approach Drawing rn ihigcniin a nuneiaerecognition. image influence can conditions lighting erent hwn e n rsrtools. eraser and pen a showing ftnswti h created the within tones of n rainpoeso h blank the of process creation c ewe h atr and pattern the between act u-ure etue.This used. beat our-quarter assvrltmsavailable, times several bars orsodn oewe it when tone corresponding e.I hswsbigused, being was this If ies. h oe os’ move, doesn’t token the n eue hsloslk the like looks this user he igtetknaan the again, token the ving bet h rsr The eraser. the object, d nidpnettangible independent an utdee ihte4/4 the with even justed s etadsasthere. stays and beat est odsneo rhythm, of sense good a ako eea / bars 4/4 several of rack e hnatkn This token. a than ger ok sflos As follows: as works g sntanra pen normal a not is t ytmbhvsless behaves system si n responds and it es qieett the to equirement h i ftepen. the of tip the aieya gatively 16 Sketches 11.6. c the ect 151 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 152 1 is Iteration First 11. h aetn ftedfie oe hr sbnahtetrigpositi turning the beneath is powe chord a power of defined form the the of in tone accompaniment, base the The change and set to able is user The case. use accompaniment new the to shifted be will ihihe ihtehl fagoigLDnx otebs oe name. tones base the to next LED Questions in glowing the Resulting a beneath of knob help turning the one with has highlighted bar Each him. to available bars four the concern cases use describe previous are the and from answered questions be all requiremen could r that the 11.5) noted, previously Section in approaches, be (see as three should well cases current us use as the other 11.7) of the the Figure creation that (see the re diagram agreed, Throughout user case authors D.2). additional use an the updated in an process results and sketching This the him-/herself. by of accompaniment course the wh In circumstance, a help, su confusing is or evaluation. It intrusive forthcoming token. unwanted the an underneath as directly seen displayed again is rectangle Description Accompaniment Set Case- Use iue1.:ULUeCs iga fe sketching. after Diagram Case Use UML 11.7: Figure pce,ta npigcnbe can snapping that spected, c utb vlae nthe in evaluated be must ich urmn,anwuecase, use new a quirement, no h nbadwl be will and knob the of on n h accompaniment the ing ri bet e the set to able is er ntefloig It following. the in d ie usin from questions aised hr,frec of each for chord, r eato surface. teraction s(e Appendix (see ts Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. nwrdQuestions Answered • • • • • Feedback Software Software Input Hardware – – – – – – – – – – :N.Mlde a o epritdo odd fteDaigApoc ilbe will Approach Drawing the If loaded. or persisted be not can Melodies No. A: at LED active an with highlighted is bar one for accompaniment current The A: strings lower three the on analogy play be will accompaniment the Yes, A: fir the with starts chord power The bar. one for set is chords power One A: way simple a is It user. the accompany to used be will chords Power A: p the restrict Either possibilities: two currently are There A: :Teeeitfu ascnitn ffu et,teeoesxenb sixteen therefore beats, four of consisting bars four exist There A: bar. each for tone base chords power the choose can user The A: :A es 8 p utb osbe(e uscin9). Subsection (see possible be must bpm 180 least At A: :Teue a h osblt opa 3di 23 play to possibility the has user The A: tig.Oetn sawy lydo n eti tigt rvn c prevent to string certain one on played always is tone One strings. :Cnmlde epritdadloaded? and persisted be melodies Can Q: :Wa edakde h srgtcnenn h accompaniment? the concerning get user the does feedback What Q: :Hwln osteacmaiettk?Wl tb eetdafterwards repeated be it Will take? accompaniment the often? does long mel How every Q: to fits strings. computation, three runtime on use no played the needs accompany melody, to users used the be should chords or samples and predefined samples What predefined Q: use or scale necessary. musical if used them the on based composition on? based accompaniment the is principle What Q: use ute,ti ih eapsil diint h installat the to addition possible a be might this further, pursued exist? do beats bars/ many How Q: it. to eac next Additionally, written chord. tone power base the it’s sets has which chord knob, power the of settings current chos they are or melodies accompaniment between choose system? user the Can Q: installation. the of part mechanical analogy? created be also accompaniment the Should smaller Q: is it if area, loop (or bar coherent the of beat last bar). the with ends and :Wa r h iiu n aiu p en loe ytesystem? the by allowed being bpm maximum and minimum the are What Q: :Hwmn oe a eplayed? be can tones many How Q: rn oe seScin1.)o three on 11.2) Section (see tones erent siiiyo chord of ossibility ion. d n a be can and ody asi total. in eats onfusion. fsupporting of possible h nb the by en transpose sinput? rs hnone than 16 Sketches 11.6. tbeat st How ? fthe of the 153 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 1 is Iteration First 11. 154 • • Input Feedback – – – – – – – – – – :Aatfo h etoe iulfebc,ti usinwl eansw be will question this feedback, visual mentioned the from Apart A: fr token the removing by tones existing delete approaches using token All A: di are there approach, the on Depending A: di Tokens tone. single a resembles token One A: stat system current the displaying help can’t directly token A the A: of adjustment the for One token. of types two currently are There A: di two has approaches the of change to One able A: is user the which with token, of kind second a is There A: :Cretyclr r o en sdfrtedslyo n rpryo s or property any of display the for used being not are colors Currently A: way. any in limited not are token The A: h rwn prahhsn nedditrcint hnetetn len tone the change to interaction intended no has Approach Drawing The on. played be will :Hwde h srcag h oparea? loop the change user the does How Q: :Hwcntecretsse ttsb ipae comprehensivel displayed be status system current the can How Q: :Hwde h srcag led endtones? defined already change user the does How Q: olwn evaluation. following this of device interaction tangible tone second deletes the Approach eraser, Drawing the The with tabletop. them the on surface interaction pen. interaction the the follows over tone pen the the of moving representation and visual tok pen continuou the the by the moving this with simply tone achieves tone by the Approach existing achieved Drawing Changing be The length. can surface. its token interaction change using to approaches again the set in and th toke deleted Changing the therefore turning be length. by achieved desired is the tokens its to cylindrical token change the the to token, with rectangular length token the another With with tones. replaced defined the of position similar) or chord tone, single (a token length. a of metaphor musical corresponding the the is of What color Q: the has and token. itself the token beneath the rectangle than colored larger a slightly displays token the recognizing tones. for metaphor physical a as acts one and defined. more di nothing should currently token is area approac there loop second token, The the the in form. of whereas circular form, a rectangular have a token have tokens the approach, area. :Wa oossol eue o hc ytmsau/property? status/ system which for used be should colors What Q: tones? defined already remove delete/ user the does How Q: chords? tunes/ tones/ of set certain a to limited token the Are Q: syste current the understand to user the help tokens the can How Q: di any there Are Q: like? look tokens the do How Q: rn oe ye?Wa stedi the is What types? token erent rn oe oe prahs ntefirst the In approaches. token tone- erent rn aso hnigtelnt and length the changing of ways erent ri it,wihrflcstetone the reflects which width, in er rnebtenthem? between erence ri omadio atop icon and form in er s u h system the but us, at- clockwise. (anti-) n y? ufc,whereas surface, approach. status? m l ocigan touching sly ytouching by s hstknis token This t.I must It gth. l utbe must elf rdi the in ered no the on en tatus. oparea loop h loop the tigit string position ? mthe om tone e ,the h, Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 17Mockups 11.7 171GnrlChanges General 11.7.1 swt h ln prah h iewsue orcnie urn de current reconsider to used was time the approach, mocku blank the the of with aim As main the section, previous the in described already As h eut fteeecagsaetecneto hsscin h fir The section. this of content the are exchanges these of results The h igs hneo h okppaecnen h eeino functi a of deletion the concerns phase mockup the of change biggest The e hiei h eoy h ytmpooe oea h specified t the appropriate at an tone find a not proposes does system she The he/ melody. which the in in precise situation choice more a her defined in were is user user the the for suggestions the Furthermore, accomp the questions. to additi resulted linked In the are 14). from which which Chapter questions case (see relevant use works all the future requirement, is in accompaniment it an as implement scope, project e the further from any removed was whole e a total the above, described t approaches both di concern to subsection necessary this not in is changes listed the Since t to mockups of su creation last the The in approach. happened drawing changes the all document. and of blank repercussions the all of process mocking the a that changes necessary. if it change to and th exchange of joint evaluation user des forthcoming previous the the that from so unanswered improvements, remain further that questions stated already user. t the tes something do. for addressed, be to work be to intended also to need is solutions need intended solutions questions the and unanswered if answers remaining, out provided find the to of process, possi Some several with system. process the development the provided Sketching – – – adteeoedsly h urn oiini h eoy n th and melody) the in position current the displays therefore (and :N,ti ol etoepnieadwuditreewt non-funct with interfere would and expensive too be would this No, A: interact the on tone recognized every of consists feedback visual The v A: being is area loop the question, answered next the in explained As A: opsatadlo n a,aln hc oe rmtesatbrt h e the to bar start the from moves which line a bar, end loop and start loop :I hr a ouedrc atcfebc eg ubigmotor rumbling (e.g. feedback 11.. number haptic direct use to way a there Is Q: chords. power chosen user? the to shown be should area. feedback interaction visual the What across Q: bars vertical two of help the :Hwi h opae en ipae oteuser? the to displayed being area loop the is How Q: cso te ytmpoete.Nvrhls,i ssilpossib still is it Nevertheless, properties. system other on ects c ohapoce,tefloigtosbetoscnanifrainre information contain subsections two following the approaches, both ect rnit hs hne codn otersetv approaches. respective the to according changes these erentiate r ftepoetwsvr xesv swyteacmaietas accompaniment the why as extensive very was project the of ort iiiso o oitrc with interact to how on bilities y h cnroi sfollows: as is scenario The ly. nmn aebe removed been have animent u eoeta,sm fthe of some that, before But a h raino mockups of creation the hat lottesm xet it extent, same the almost o sieaincntk place. take can iteration is g ehd n omake to and methods ign iin,t ics ti a in it discuss to cisions, oain hc h user the which location, a ermvdwithout removed be can tsbeto describes subsection st n ttepito his/ of point the at one e nteevaluation the in ted nlrqieet As requirement. onal nt hsfunctional this to on scincnit of consists bsection si oase the answer to is ps ecretworking current he aetn fthe of base-tone e eaddsrdto desired and le oa requirement ional s)? saie with isualized o ra a area, ion 17 Mockups 11.7. garding dbar nd 155 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 1 is Iteration First 11. 156 sarmne,i sete osbet lo n oeprba o l st all (on beat per tone one allow to possible either is it reminder, a As hc h srmgtne ep h iea hc h epi o is help the which at time the help, need might user the which iulzto sntclu le u nycnit fclue ulns( outlines coloured of consists only but filled colour not is visualization ih n utb vlae ntecneto h olwn srtests user following the t of Whether context 11.8). the Figure in (see evaluated board color be the one must at with one pitches replaced right the and of removed display been colored has the Accordingly, user. di the di no make visually would sometimes itself it would make system should the which process. because strings, creation the the of in color combinationdi arise displayed sound may The thus that change. beat and discord another pitches, per possible experience tone possible the frustrating one of and less number for tones au possibly high opted The the and a guitar. to string to a due and exposed of beat be property per would the tone users equal one would of play which approach of string, previous number and the beat is per phase tone this in clarified also was that question One s displayed suggestion. n the proposed therefore into the and token declining do a equals to laying which what by it, know input suggestion doesn’t any the user without accept us the time either the Th which overwhelm elapsed in finish. to the frame to not that time start chosen circumstance, was from the row help of a needed because in possibly sele times of the define four moment be after played the will displayed been and has is evaluation but visualization w upcoming changed there suggestions the mockups, for The the required creating not iteration. was When it whi 4.1.9). as algorithm, Section made, an (see is most scale the possibility pentatonic selects second the suggested which The the 4.3.3), the tones. of Subsection which played pitch (see on previously the model position Markov selecting the a for after on options based beat two one are always There is placed. suggestion the of position pre di s his The the match in to location. representation suggestion certain visual a a a as at suggestions, user the these to of displayed representation di be The will that 11.5). tone Section (see reject or accept then can rnit hc oei lydo hc tig r oelkl ob the be to likely more are string, which on played is tone which erentiate iue1.:Altknrltdvsa edaka sdfrtemockups. the for used as feedback visual related token All 11.8: Figure rne iuldi visual A erence. rnet h ersnainbnahtetn-oesi,ta the that is, tone-tokens the beneath representation the to erence rnito ihu n opeesberao for reason comprehensible any without erentiation rnit ewe w oe u h system the but tones two between erentiate ut isi eonzn h oiinat position the recognizing in lies culty h oeta rsrto is frustration potential The . rdadslcigtecorrect the selecting and ered getosrcageo ignore or uggestions-rectangle aeo h oe sdisplayed is token the of hape hslcsarno oefrom tone random a selects ch tdlo rahs’ been hasn’t area loop cted ro h neato surface interaction the of er oe h rtpsiiiyis possibility first The tone. . iul endtns sa As tones. defined viously utbetn ae nthe on based tone suitable eshl.Teue can user The help. eeds a eitrrtda a as interpreted be can hscoc loentails also choice This rwt ugsin and suggestions with er ,btentoo three or two between s, betnso n beat. one on tones able e iue1.) The 11.8). Figure see swyo determining of way is ntescn design second the in d ig)o opa one play to or rings) airfrteue to user the for easier i eiinwsthe was decision his oreo confusion, of source attknhsbeen has token last sn nldecision final no as hr hne the changed thors run that arguing , Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 172BakApproach Blank 11.7.2 bv h lyaksedko,ahl-r sdan he etcll vertical Three drawn. is half-arc a knob, speed playback the Above e okp a lob dnie nfoto h neato ra Th area. interaction the of front in identified be also can mockups few A diinly lgtyylo ane’ aehsbe sdt aeon tape to used been has tape painter’s yellow slightly Additionally, hsealsteue osaehseprec n rain ihoth with creations and experience his share to user the enables This iistemsu.Ti snta motn etr o h rttp w prototype the for feature important an not is This museum. the visits fcetn h ehtoia ato hstei.O h eann par remaining been the already On has which thesis. model this same of p the part were headphones, mechatronical which of the paper, pair creating of a of piece lie a it on to printed Next were before subsection the activ Every area. passed loop gets it the when of played end gets tone-token) the the and beneath start rectangle the blue between right to left loop use a been of have bar, prints red 3D i the used area from loop Previously left apart the the screen. consist, of on interaction end Both line the The red. vertical of area. in red loop also the the area, as of interaction recognized start men the be times resembles can which several bars b area, the, loop should is two tabletop it the however, the of (e. on First, figures surface following white mockups. any the transparent, several of be displays many might on 11.9 there seen Figure if be test can to table The and 12.1), height. table’s Section (see prototype functional requireme system a course. of its form in the evaluated in be recorded will is users headphones single multiple only of as thesis, usabl this be in should headphones of pair two fron but a in one, waves with not sound speaker that three decided a with also is also was speaker arch It is another the volume right of the the left of to the knob it, i To the of turtle right. Above front The to half-circle. user. left the the f from of by thicker for side set metaphor right be a the as can on hare speeds a three i and so playback the half-circle, For slow w for installation. devices metaphor the input a of both as area for chosen interaction used volum was the be turtle and under to speed side chosen playback left were the the knobs with Rotary context toke in 11.9). inactive made Figure All also rect on. were token’s so changes active and Some the removed whereas gets l token, it been the wi as has underneath beat which long rectangle token certain as gray the a the played removed, on on be gets placed token based will be the token is to If behavior token there. first systems lays the the it s that lays respect, means, user this This the In approach. when beat. happens what same clarified the be must it Furthermore, uigtemcigpoes h okp eeue ntpo h tab the of top on used were mockups the process, mocking the During rmaalbertr noeswr sda okp.Teiosadsem and icons The an speed mockups. playback as the used adjusting were for encoders mockups rotary available the from shows tabletop the of h opbrtknhsntbe okd ewe h opbr istec menti As the lies melody. bars the in loop The system the area. the Between of interaction mocked. re position the current been right of the not and x-axis indicates has left the token the on bar moveable to loop only the pointing are arrows, tokens The the upon. that arrows two draw to hw ntelf,adterabbit the and left, the on shown s i hr fe h o removed now the after there aid samcu o hs tokens. these for mockup a as d ndbfr,ti a op from loops bar this before, oned eetees h containment the Nevertheless, oso h lyaksed a speed, playback the of cons ind neato ra One area. interaction tioned, h rnsa hsclbasis physical a as prints the etoe httesemi- the that mentioned e ae nenahteknobs. the underneath laced vrloelpigtnson tones overlapping everal nl sclrdi blue. in colored is angle ytecurrent-location-bar. the by nt. rpol hc eo she or he which people er pciey hudindicate, should spectively, ewihwsue o the for used was which le iulzdsudwv in wave sound visualized fit. of t retlcto-a which urrent-location-bar nscnb eno this on seen be can ines oe(ersne ya by (represented tone e is oeFrtServe First Come First afcrl,wihgets which half-circle, a ntergtedo the of end right the on s ihi en developed being is hich ftewo ln in plank wood the of t .Fgr 11.9). Figure g. h oue Knobs volume. the d ieo h interaction the of side lb lyda ogas long as played be ll ttefia product. final the at e tkna h bottom the at -token hscllmtto of limitation physical r iulzdb a by visualized are n ihaemutdon mounted are hich crlsdsrbdin described icircles ftesse (see system the of e otmlf edge left bottom e sdi h process the in used rbeswt the with problems s playback. ast 17 Mockups 11.7. 157 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 1 is Iteration First 11. 158 fe opeigtemcu ecito ftebakapoc,tesu the approach, blank the of description mockup the completing After hc hudgv nomto nhwmn oessol eue o ahton each for used be should tokens many how on information give should which eeue omcu hs oes o h / ettkn x rcswe bricks 2x2 tokens beat 1/4 the For tokens. these mockup to used were h okp ftescn approach. second the of mockups the struc three-dimensional of construction the for used originally are and blank the for tone-tokens rectangular the are area interaction the of front neato ra hs ic,wt imtro bu hrymillim Figu thirty in about seen of diameter be a can up with token the discs, c cylindrical of These It the part area. tokens. for is interaction 4/4 used This the mockups for tones. blue bricks longer light 8x2 for and tokens tones fewer 3/4 used for authors bricks the 6x2 that tokens, 1/2 the for 4 https://www.lego.com/en-sg iue1.:Mcu fthe of Mockup 11.9: Figure iue1.0 yidia oe mockup. token Cylindrical 11.10: Figure ln Approach Blank ihrcaglrtokens. rectangular with tr,aemd fplastic of made are eters, tures. scinblwdescribes below bsection e1.0 nfoto the of front in 11.10, re prah Lego approach. eue,42bricks 4x2 used, re oigevaluation, coming egh The length. e nb seen, be an 4 bricks Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. seApni D.3). Appendix (see 173DaigApproach Drawing 11.7.3 174Repercussions 11.7.4 h atsbeto rastenwyasee usin ihteh the with questions answered newly the treats subsection last The accompanime removed The accompaniment. the concerns change second The chos well be must table the on headphones of pair second the t of to position related directly The not is that change a with starts subsection This e The f except approach, blank the with common in much has approach drawing The itst hoefo.A ona h srpae oe nteinteracti the on token a places user the as soon As from. choose to rectan widths with music create to from choose to re tokens the several of has tokens user the The using by achieved solely is melody a of creation The t because descriptions separate three contain cases use two first The aydpnigo h approach. the on depending vary ytmrqieetacrigt hc w aro edhnsshould headphones of pair two which to according requirement system raeMelody Create etnl per ietybnahtetkn hc rvdsinfor ar provides There which token, played. the is conside it beneath is longer directly token the appears the is, rectangle of token width a The wider depth. 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Subsection (see dix n ipae tthis at displayed and h x(e pedxE.3). Appendix (see ix nsrae projected a surface, on rhrpeetto is presentation urther se ntefollowing the in isted rn nu methods input erent la,teupdated the clear, e thssvrle several has nt n eas badly a because en, eysmlrt the to similar very rcetn and creating or h sections the 17 Mockups 11.7. erent ects er 159 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 160 Iteration First 11. ihteDaigApoc,teue a hnetnsb ocigtevi the touching by tones change can user the Approach, Drawing the With dutPabc Volume Playback Adjust Speed Playback Adjust ceto eln Suggestions Decline or Accept e sue o h atpsiiiyo ntnil nu eie Thi device. input tangible an of possibility last the for used cir is a pen only A not surface, interaction the on token a places user the as soon As fe on hog h urn opae ortms h sri prese is user the times, four area loop current the through going After h ugsin svsaie n ossso h ulnso h curre the of outlines the of consists and visualized is suggestions The knob according the turn to has user the volume, playback the adjust To knob according the turn to has user the speed, playback the adjust To the exchanging by tokens rectangular the with changed be can length tone The wh bar, a also but token, the of activity the about information gives which d The tokens. cylindrical with approach blank the to applies also This al,blwteitrcinsrae h ups fteko svisu is di knob a with the speaker of (two purpose icons The specific surface. of interaction the below table, rabbit). visu running is a knob and the tortoise of (a purpose icons The specific surface. of interaction the below table, th touching ton by in erased change is The pullin sound up. and The eraser. held pen tone. the is the the touch of recreating the tip and while the deleting position with desired surface new interaction the the on token the soun of removal The shrinks. f bar tok grows the tokens. token the direction, removing the rotate opposite under must the bar user the in displayed the in rotated visually length, done the tone is clockwise, the tokens the rotated change cylindrical on To with toke moved token. the position be removes rectangular and must simply pitch user token the the a Changing tone, melody, a the delete in To position area. interaction the and pitch on the present already are tokens that is, usi case heights and use table. lengths this the tone of changing precondition means a case that this pitc in new music the Editing with tone new Melody a curren Edit and the stopped of is range tone the position. old tip. beyond respective the its moves with or happens, surface pen this interaction the as the lifts over either drawn user and the user the by up length. di of tokens no ne the played. tone, be active to an p continued d already be is is is will it tone there and as old where active played, the position considered not a and is is at tone tone placed the is the colored, grey, token is is rectangle rectangle the the If If user. the to oesle,aatfo h omo h oes ntedtriaino th of determination the in tokens, the of form the from apart lies, tokens rn it ee eas h oelnt sdtrie yrotatin by determined is length tone the because here, width erent rn ubro on ae mrigfo them). from emerging waves sound of number erent ee ncieb h system. the by inactive eemed oeo h -xs ssoon As y-axis. the on tone t lzdt h srb h use the by user the to alized use the by user the to alized eahrclpni picked is pen metaphorical s e oeed sso as soon as ends tone new A rmteitrcinarea. interaction the from n o ett ih,adi tis it if and right, to left rom iulrpeetto with representation visual e i ttknsae h user The shape. token nt ae ytesse.I a If system. the by layed si civdb h user the by achieved is ds rnet h rectangular the to erence oe sstt inactive to set is token w oelnt.Teeare There length. tone e tdwt suggestion. a with nted gtkn.Ti means, This tokens. ng tars h al to table the across it g eghi civdby achieved is length e aewya ihthe with as way same ntelf ieo the of side left the on h neato raof area interaction the ntelf ieo the of side left the on ulrpeetto of representation sual l per eo it, below appears cle c eel h tone the reveals ich -o -xso the of x-axis or y- ssatda the at started is h n ftetknis token the If en. oes ochange To tokens. h tokens. the g Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h eeino l usin hc tyi ietrlto otere the to relation direct in stay which questions all of deletion The m be only can tokens The tokens. bar loop the moving by set be can area loop The -xs si ersnstetm,adtelo tefi ierel time a is itself loop the and time, the represents it as x-Axis, ehglgtdi hssection. this in highlighted be the as token, bar Questions start Answered the of left the to moved be y-Axis. not the can on token bar loop end tok t filled, a a laying with Area by replaced Loop it gets accept Set visualization or the it, so, decline doing thus When and shape. suggestions the ignore can • • • • Hardware Feedback Input Software – – – – – – – – :Atral nbwt iiu n aiu etnswl eused. be will settings maximum and minimum a with knob turnable A A: :Tknisl a’,bttevsa edako h oe n h firs the and token the of feedback visual the but can’t, itself Token A: suggestion’s the into token a laying by suggestions accepts user The A: of position The table. the at headphones of pair two have to planned is It A: ou sorted be will tones Multiple beat. per tone one plays system The A: h not in user the help does functionality serve first come first The A: :Atral nbwt iiu n aiu etnswl eused. be will settings maximum and minimum a with knob turnable A A: token. placed last the after beat one displayed is suggestion The A: :Hwcntetkn epteue oudrtn h urn syste current the understand to user the help tokens the can How Q: :Wihiptdvc hudb sdt duttepabc speed playback the adjust to used be should device input Which Q: headphones? of pair one than more be there Should Q: ev ucinlt can. functionality serve volume? the adjust to chosen be should device input What Q: sentation. suggestions? decline or accept user the can How Q: prope unintended imply can it as important, is system. headphones of pair second displayed? suggestion the is Where Q: principle. serve first come beat? per played be can tones placement. many token How the Q: in order its mem and term token short each her his/ that so user, the reduced? support be system can the can How Q: tdstigo h ytm The system. the of setting ated oe copnmn ilnot will accompaniment moved nsae visualization. shaped en kni h displayed the in oken a o emoved be not can y vn oremember to aving ? status? m ytefirst the by t iulrepre- visual oefirst come t vdo the on oved te fthe of rties r load ory 17 Mockups 11.7. the 161 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 162 1 is Iteration First 11. 18Evaluation 11.8 181Participants 11.8.1 saraydsrbdi eto .,tepriiat ftefis sre user first the of participants the 7.4, Section in described already As table, same the used evaluation user the mockups, the creating with As al 11.1. Table ord chronological in events the on based is section this of structure The work the in point this at answered been yet not have that questions The eealml nteaebten3 n 0 h uaino h etssin w sessions test the of duration The 40. and 34 between age the in male all were ahpriiatue aiu ftoitrcinmtos h break The methods. the interaction to two due of longer, maximum much partic a needed female used experts three participant the and Each whereby weren’t. male minutes, them four 37 of the and three of and all partic musicians person, The were one A.2). them for Appendix of Except (see Three 50. appendix students. whi and the of in 23 form seen of consent be age it The can noted or sign recruiting. be itself to hallway- asked should thesis via It the participate to built. to relation was asked directly installation t in the from stood which methods participants research on w user institute experts and the were usability of participants design, eight interface the user of of Three alike. non-experts and tr subsection last the focus. and document. the evaluation working and this the content of on the results the process, T to evaluation approaches. dedicated the the with to assignment closely their more and participants the describes syste the of output positions. visual aud correct the the their simulated mock on meant researcher to mockups This other decided re interaction. the authors interface participants and the the user guitar stage, to a this according of at guitar implementation done playing an been F not but in had test, like input this devices for interaction tangible crucial and is interface the simulate to tas the is evaluation this of documentation The evaluation. user first the h rjc o h ucinlpooye(e eto 21.O hstab this On 12.1). Section (see prototype functional the for project the – – – – :Atros sue o the for used is tortoise A A: ve one has One speakers. two be will volume sound the for icons two The A: th run been has area loop current the after displayed is suggestion A A: :Tevsaiainloslk h ulnso h tone-token. the of outlines the like looks visualization The A: :Wa cn hudb sdfrtevsa ersnaino h on v sound the of representation visual the for used be should icons What Q: afcrlsi rn fi,rsmln h opposite. th the and resembling volume, it, output of low front the in resembling it, half-circles of front in half-circle trigge parameters times. technical What displayed? suggestion the is When Q: :Wa cn a eue savsa eahrfor metaphor visual a as used be can icons What Q: like? look visualization suggestion the does What Q: fast eahradarnigrbi o the for rabbit running a and metaphor uhr.Tenneprswere non-experts The authors. s fast gr 19 sadofeedback audio As 11.9. igure asteipc fteresults the of impact the eats htoersace lythe play researcher one that , eimdaesurroundings immediate he e okp eeli upon laid were mockups le, and h sritraeexperts interface user The cigt h participants the to acting rmr ealdfeedback. detailed more ir efloigscindeals section following he t nweg ntefield the in knowledge ith hc ilb sdltrin later used be will which ypaigadmoving and placing by m htepriiat were participants the ch ftefloigsection. following the of k h hr uscinis subsection third The r h rtsubsection first The er. pnswr ewe the between were ipants ilb nwrdduring answered be will auto eeexperts were valuation ee htnn fthe of none that here, slow oncnb enin seen be can down ootu ipyby simply output io te a multiple has other e ? r ewe 18 between ere fast them? r pnswere ipants og four rough olume? metaphor. rtical Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 182Procedure 11.8.2 fe inn h osn om n etn nepaain sr eel were users explanation, an getting and forms consent the signing After follow the anonymously, described been have participants the After udmna su,tersacesgv it n nygv la ans clear gave only al and questions hints emerging gave to answer researchers an the find issue, couldn’t fundamental user a a If system. the fe h neato iehdedd h usin hmevswe themselves questions The di (then ended. these had thin regarding time and opinion interaction behavior the personal the users about her after the information his/ give give from could to answered which asked clearly questions, (flo be some attitudes couldn’t as design them, soon fulfillment defined As curr the the the user. upon enabling from the lied as derived focus well been the as have tasks, characteristics tasks theses created of the execution that the seen, be can It were tasks r The the yet. ideas, finished of hadn’t out they got task participants predefined the a beginning case complete the In At given. him-/herself. were by instructions answer an find couldn’t apparently evaluation. this of focus exact the and procedure the about detail more al 11 okpts atcpns( eeU xet)addsg appr design and experts) UI were (* participants test Mockup 11.1: Table • • • • • • • • • oiytelo area loop the Modify recommendation a Decline recommendation a Accept tempo the Change volume the Change tones two use between in pause already a token Create a of duration tone the Change raeamld fa aytkn syulk ihdi with like you as tokens many as of melody tokens a ten Create least at of melody a Create atcpn Nr. Participant *7 *6 *5 1 0 4 3 2 einApoc 1 Approach Design Cylinder Drawing Drawing Drawing Blocks Blocks Blocks Blocks einApoc 2 Approach Design rn oeduration tone erent fdsg rnilsadusability and principles design of rnl rnucd questions pronounced) erently ectgrzdacrigt the to according categorized re tt n lyuns)to playfulness) and state w fteeauto,n specific no evaluation, the of sfollows: as n uscinwl ointo go will subsection ing n s ae.Aatfrom Apart cases. use ent igaod h srwas user the aloud, king sacesakdte to them asked esearchers yhmefadi was it and himself by l Cylinder Cylinder Drawing Drawing eswe h user the when wers f oitrc with interact to eft Blocks Blocks ucs foeof one of success - - oaches. 18 Evaluation 11.8. 163 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 164 Iteration First 11. hligtepno h on o ogtm,dul-lcigo h s the on double-clicking time, long a for sound the on pen the (holding 183Results 11.8.3 sarsl fti usin ogrcnestoswr ed especial held, were conversations longer question, this of result a As fe rsnigterslso ahapoc niiuly h appr the individually, approach each of results the presenting After hsi on ob civdb h iulfebc ftesse refle system the of feedback visual the by achieved be to going is This a o nesodb n ftepriiat.I erset hsis this retrospect, In participants. the of any by understood not was hthih e oesat hr e etwudbgnwihmd h c the made which begin would beat new proble a posed where also starts surface tone interaction new the a on height users what the of orientation The percei were suggestions behavi the the If Also, transparent. participant. not one was only appeared by they suggestion when a as interpreted was because necessary, be to seem doesn’t fast eraser very and were pen tokens input of which separation approach The the was approach drawing The p the by understood quickly was token block the with approach same The can who participant humans the as with to do referred to were something people had trained test non-musically the work, of result first The of part are questions the and procedure test user this of results The neatos nteohrhn,ms epearayko hskn fi of kind this know already people most hand, other the On interactions. sdsubn ahrta epu.Oesgeto rmapriiatw suggestion. participant a a accepts from or suggestion ignores One user helpful. the than rather disturbing as pre visual The suggestions. the with beginning discussed, being next object. technical a of use the no of is a result there more the because even c naturally mainly interactions be use, these could of whether users course is, Older the question during The installation displays. the touch of use daily di prope l trigger work tone Di not the redesigned. does of be tone editing therefore a Direct should re-creating and time. and treatmentscomplicated same Deleting edge the flow participant. additional at the one prevents used of by it being out that from her/him is eraser throw eraser and rather and can pen and merging process of creation the in user betwe v association system and the metaphor how physical and understandable like more more looks be a orientation to advocated correct has the tokens how oriented indicates vertical of case in system c the token of the behavior on markers the other. although each from t people, away cylindrical two pointing slightly by arrows in the rotated horizontal user that the be fact supported to the have attempted would by shape reinforced cylindrical is clear, assumption a as well as ton the a Adjusting token. cylindrical u with be approach also blank can the First symbols certain Thus, school. e at people. musi almost notes trained to since music symbols notes, with as certain contact people assign in trained can non-musically they by humans, recognized to also applies that if Even se be can questions The attitudes. and principles design mentioned rac ftemcusue o h oetkn.A prpit akn on marking appropriate An tone-tokens. the for used mockups the of ordance rn cin.Tedi The actions. erent ce ytelc fa of lack the by ected ut eidti sta hr sn ela real no is there that is this behind culty rn neatosbtenpnadsound and pen between interactions erent rac,a hs neatosaentso not are interactions these as ordance, eghuigterudtokens round the using length e ni eto fteappendix. the of C Section in en hmevs nteprevious the In themselves. s ywt atcptn experts. participating with ly kn ftelo rawere area loop the of okens ahoelpigrslsare results overlapping oach rbbyrltdt h poor the to related probably ud t. a,frexample, for can, etc.) ound, tn ortto tal sit as all, at rotation no cting etto ftesuggestions the of sentation h olwn subsection. following the estetkn n expert One token. the iews sa oc ipa nuse. in display touch usual eyCnrlErpa got European Central very .Freape oe are notes example, For c. uhbte a.This way. better much a st iefebc when feedback give to as e,te eeperceived were they ved, rnprn o h user. the for transparent l,sesunnecessarily seems rly, nas ecnetdto connected be also an o lya instrument. an play not n lasunderstood. always and tsest idrthe hinder to seems it ypeetn h pen the preventing by s twsucerat unclear was It ms. riiat.Ol the Only articipants. e o non-musically for sed ro h suggestions the of or nte advantage Another . nt a suggested was ength nsudadtoken. and sound en trcinfo the from nteraction rac o these for ordance nitdo two of onsisted eto process reation h mockups, the Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 184Repercussions 11.8.4 gi,satn ihteapoce,tebakapoc ihcylindrical with approach blank the approaches, the with starting Again, ac the determining in approach serve first come first the of use the Also, scnb enfo h eut fteeauto,tesgetoshv to have suggestions the evaluation, the of results the from seen be can As complet be cannot users older for problems possible mentioned the Also h olwn diinlpclaiiscudb eoddi h cour the in recorded be could mu peculiarities that additional circumstance following A The loops. loop’s me the never pause was to tones way single a for for metaphors looking were was themselves token the That unde generally were volume the and speed playback the of setting The h hne r eetdi s aeadtu loi srrequirem user a in also thus and case use a in reflected are changes The suc as notes recognize also can people trained non-musically that fact The h osblt fuigntsa cn.Freapeo h oetkno t of tone-token the on example For icons. notes between as association notes the using approach. create of can but possibility values, the note the read cannot record E.4). is and definition D.4 This Appendix thesis. (see r the requirements the of user interaction, course the the further with rectangul the problems the for no with token were approach there blank and the understood Since risks. and exten uncertainties The theft. prevent di to more installation the to attached physically wi interaction of cyli types the with for confronted mockups is of but selection promising, suboptimal looks the approach of because be stated, fut of aim The implem issues. attitudes. current design design the these interface in achieve and achieved familiar inconsistencies be a not many create can too to to state tried able flow was person and but one Playfulness axes, Only pers respective Another time. the short use. to and a to time late after ability and relatively himself the pitch only test of also to allocation but likely the method, more input where an test as the touch use to tried cycle. design second the li of too iteration nor much the of too m neither mockups were was the tokens users on bar the tests loop to the available the of beats though beginning of problem, the number a at not times was several area down loop the Also, activit fir of pants. come order First tokens the frustration. of th to representation in lead visual approach, quickly a serve can using first this by come and the useful first out since las the tried practicable, opposite set-in be more the tokens to is the alternative, This of an expert. order As an the by understood. suggested partially was approach only also was and di unnecessary oetteecagsaesilucer u ilb eendi the in redefined be will but unclear, still are changes these moment might This token. rectangular with approach same the as users the for clear ipa eae steuesmgtepc rm(.. oc displ touch a wit (e.g.) combination from in expect might pen users the the whether as unclear behaves is display it Furthermore, stage. utfrteue sas nla.Tedaigapoc stu confron thus is approach drawing The unclear. also is user the for cult utfrsm fteparticipants. the of some for cult owihti ae interaction makes this which to t niiilyddntunderstand not did initially on sacescos hsfr of form this choose esearchers eo h srtss person A tests: user the of se di h s ae n thus and cases use the in ed y. rtkn a lovr well very also was tokens ar dia oe.Tedrawing The token. ndrical tsrewudtu nybe only thus would serve st aeo biinmc has much oblivion of case e y h e utas be also must pen The ay. nainbcueteeare there because entation eoy(l yducklings). my (all melody olwn einiteration. design following sadbefrtepartici- the for rstandable r vlaini hsto thus is evaluation ure epcielo as The bars. loop respective hu osbea possible thout tefrayo h users. the of any for ttle ov h rbe l by all problem the solve ent. h sd(non-touch) used the h ietnswsntideal not was tones tive o ttebgnigof beginning the at not toe.Aparticipant A ntioned. srhst remember to has user tb bevdi the in observed be st n ui,as holds also music, and l imse tthis at dismissed ely ,ee huhthey though even h, ecagd tthe At changed. be oeswsntas not was tokens eslce blank selected he oels serve last come t saraybe already as , e ihmany with ted vdu and up oved 18 Evaluation 11.8. ordance. 165 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 166 1 is Iteration First 11. nte rbe httre u ob rsrtn o h srwsteor the was user the for frustrating be to out turned that problem Another mul of activity the defining for algorithm serve first come first the Also, icmtneta utb rvne ihteipeetto fan of implementation the with prevented be must that circumstance A htwsitne.Teueshdt eebrteodro h oesor tokens the of order the remember to had users The intended. was what ubro aso et n pitches. inclu approach and loop beats the or concern bars evaluation of first number in the documented of also approaches Confirmed is change This if tokens. as the seems of it requirement. position dark, beat the and in pitch left us feels the user to the response feedback, in of feedback lack visual this too, Here, surface. interaction followi the in evaluated the di and scalable beat, implemented a per is to note string, lead one and may playing beat th of per of possibility note none the one Since about requirement. opinion functional negative of a or the use as makes The documented also frustration. is This prevents me algorithm and not immediately. understandable need feedback more the s visual installation of last user elimination come the the last giving by The and problems circumstance. these frustrating eliminates very hand, A achieve unfortunately error. algorithm and this trial of choice The changed. be to needs ut o h playfulness. the for culty i/hratoshv oe no have actions her his/ rsiptwsmsig u to Due missing. was input er’s reagrtm nteother the on algorithm, erve sr xrse positive a expressed users e oiigtetknsorder token’s the morizing xcl h poieof opposite the exactly d gdsg trto,a it as iteration, design ng h atcm atserve last come last the h omo functional a of form the ytmbhvo fthe of behavior system retto i o the for aid orientation poigapoc,i.e. approach, opposing il oesprbeat per tokens tiple adetetkn via tokens the handle igteselected the ding etto nthe on ientation ect. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. seFgr 12.1). 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 180 2 eodIteration Second 12. h sdptnimtrhsasot rniinbtenteadjustable the between transition sl smooth are a they has why potentiometer token. is used the which The on token, feedback toke the haptic the in further up negative no picking is as when There helpful embedded be are can icons that The circumstance The a is moment. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 4) rm 2) as(x,tases ue(x n iln(x,a sho as (1x), violin and (1x) flute transverse (1x), bass (2x), drums (4x), 22Evaluation 12.2 222Procedure 12.2.2 Participants 12.2.1 Repercussions 12.1.15 eeautdtepooyedsge uigti eodieainthe iteration second this during designed prototype the evaluated We l hne eeaatdi h omo pae s ae n requirement and cases use updated of form the in adapted were changes All understand to directly user the support cannot design tokens’ the As wlePriiat okpr nteue et n u ftetwelve the of out One test. user the in part took Participants Twelve to order in and box, carton a within placed were l tokens people, joker all to and accessible note not The is it means That cm. 92 is height table The grap the framework, reacTIVision the is tokens the tracking software The tok for symbol joker or symbol note the include to set was design token The h atcpnswr addacnetfr seApni .)adgiven and A.3) Appendix (see form consent a handed were participants The fe were four years, 34 to 26 of range age the in were participants eleven The auscnb e otnosadaentsltit eea rdfie t predefined several into split not are and continuous set be can values edi.Atrsgigtefr,w hwdte h ie aea n au the and asked cameras and video method the aloud them thinking showed the we explaining form, while the recording signing After it. read expert. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 182 2 eodIteration Second 12. a ugu ohd h hle ietybhn h hl instal whole the behind directly shelves the hide to up hung was interact not users the by stopped and ended open generally were Tests inte expert the on based case this in evaluation, iteration’s first The ehtoi ato h odpaes h oetoee a e omidd bpm. to 130 set approximately was of surr potentiometer value the The n bpm on had loudspeakers. a viewing users the when that or distracted us part provi were to mechatronic not but seemed does interface, It certainly user atmosphere. lab the museum’s open a The ins simulating part. mechatronic for mechatronic i the the of placed on front and focusing in size end by table’s sorted i the prototype were at the tokens placed shows joker were 12.16 and Speakers Figure note explanation. 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Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 224Nt Token Note 12.2.4 Results 12.2.3 eaeaaeo oezegs[ Rosenzweig’s of aware are We l sr nesodtempigrgrigtm n oehih.The height. tone and time regarding mapping the understood users All h egho h di the of length The xlrtv prah seilytennqartctkn eerttdo p or rotated were tokens quadratic non the Especially approach. explorative posi at seen also connection, posit i tone-height token that and eight, the color shows position the area. 12.17 of exploring frequency Figure by high caused markers. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 2 eodIteration Second 12. 184 225JkrToken Joker 12.2.5 h oe oeswr eerdt s“oe”b l atcpns Only participants. all by “joker” as to referred were tokens joker The t disabled darkened the including system, serve last p come One notes. last 1/8 lower. 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Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 226Lo Token Loop 12.2.6 227Tempo 12.2.7 hl h uteadrbi cn eeitrrtda lwadfast, and slow as interpreted were icons rabbit and turtle the While ihntewoe rm ewe h optkn.Det otaeb software a to Due tokens. loop the between frame hint wooden took the often within It users. some by all at noticed not were loop-tokens The aus hl h atcpn nfc hne h ep,teewsase a was there tempo, the changed fact in participant the While values. ogn xetosol nta fbmvle.I ep hneoccurre change tempo a re If 03 values. participant bpm for of failed instead analysis only researc file exceptions the log logging of The hints the all. after at it tempo used the only change and not all, at potentiometer the ave The table. was the size from loop tokens Given participant the all One 12.2. removing Table sound. of in mechanic instead shown the pause of a result t create monotone note to the the move get action to to damping describe trying token, the participant, as the performing feedback confused motor auditive understandably servo (passive sound in participant mechanic but One perceivable played, it. p being press One tone to a beats?” tried of and amount buttons the backward with and satisfied forward you as “Are it like: question a asking positions token joker red and token note blue with plot Scatter 12.18: Figure x et,tewihe rtmtcma opsize loop mean arithmetic weighted the beats, T stettlitrcintm and time interaction total the is x = ÿ i =0 n x i · T t i t h eaietm pni which in span time relative the kn elcn twt another with it replacing oken, x nSbeto .) 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 186 2 eodIteration Second 12. 228Adtoa Observations Additional 12.2.8 al 22 neato ieadwihe vrg opsz nbasadwei and beats in size loop average weighted and time Interaction 12.2: Table h atcpnscmoe eoisa ela hrsb ra n error, and trial by chords as well as melodies composed participants The o lydfratemxmmaalbenme f4bas he partici Three beats. 4 of number available maximum the a for played not value. bpm bpm. 144 and 101 weighte within The lies and 12.19. 12.2 Figure Table in in shown shown as is versa value vice bpm or mean minimum to maximum from 11 10 09 08 07 06 *05 04 03 01 00 Participant iue1.9 p hneoe time. over change Bpm 12.19: Figure Time 26:52 25:39 11:22 26:44 29:47 19:25 34:38 32:22 10:14 14:08 15:13 opsize Loop 10 10 11 12 09 12 11 07 08 12 07 odata no bpm 101 138 122 132 124 109 132 113 144 132 at eerdt their to referred pants lhuhcod were chords although he average ghted arithmetic d Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 229Repercussions 12.2.9 5mnts sisfrfo neet sitriwe norexpert our in interviewees as interest, from insofar is minutes, 15 h ihrpstosi h e ooe rawr otdsatfo h u the from distant most were area colored red the in positions higher The h neato ie seilywt h atcpnssatdcom started participants the with especially time, interaction The toke loop additional use to su suggestion be The to seems beats. twelve beats to 16 seven maximum within of size loop The eti iiain,cnb mlmne aiy t noteoveral the into fits easily, implemented be can limitations, certain ob omo ihihig h oeeto h ev ooscnb seen be can motors servo the of movement The th of highlighting. part of mechatronic form the a noticing be not participants to Neverthel the was, interface. issue the One to meaning composing. interfac a earlier explorative give an support to choosing to user When reduced the install prototype. for other the time as use takes such to distractions frustrate line more could int a many example, in potential are for all There confusion, find causing stop. and token minutes interaction interface joker few the a a explore museum exceed to a not motivation will a context have museum users a in time interaction redesign. potential a within considered be oth any replaces redesigned. randomly be could to card ma has joker interaction concept a height. joker random where tone the This associations, its random. keep game completely not card as by does joke height it the tone else, placing expectati the somewhere interpret When beneath he it was behavior. or moving beat the powerful then present of really and the interpretation be at the can scale was that pentatonic problem games the card from in tone joker a the by biased P Probably complex. more therefor implemented. way hints, use be area orientation most should red implemented but system the the issue, noticing distance within not a creation generally only chord not making likely area, most green is That often. less gesticu even drawin one guitar. marks, and air orientation frets, imaginary the of an counted mapping with Some the higher melody be area. is specific must blue area this fret blue the that that the of participants conclusion in top playing, tone on guitar highest area the the green of that any surprised to resp were even with them obvious, x4, times. not or x was x3 looped It x2, be as would such tokens value tokens those numeric Those between a area loop-tokens. additionally special and of sign use repeat the suggested potentiome participant One tempo the rhythmically. using bodies composing in their started confident shaking minutes more started were 15 They than longer interaction. interacting participants Most it. moving while token the of alignment e put specifically and melodies harmonic as composition atcpns h Iepr ugse ovsaielnssoigt showing lines visualize to suggested syst expert orientation UI implemented The The participants. strings. multiple partly, least in steaihei enlo ieis size loop mean arithmetic the as cient r ncetn eoispaig at playing, melodies creating on ort aso neato n should and interaction of ways l ,abte retto guidance orientation better a e, mwsntntcdb many by noticed not was em ntetsigenvironments testing the In . s,ti iepnsol be should timespan this ess, oigatrapproximately after posing hntelws oeo the on tone lowest the than nevessae,ta the that stated, interviews htbasteptnilto potential the bears That ehrzna n vertical and horizontal he ntlain hr needs There installation. e ssatdi h leand blue the in started rs ,i ssl-vdn htit that self-evident is it e, oe taseicbeat specific a at token r scudprl overcome partly could ns hudb aee iha with labeled be should rcinmcaim.In mechanisms. eraction toso epewaiting people or ations e n eeal played generally and ser e,telo as and bars, loop the ter, h srlaigt an to leading user the n.Aohrobserved Another ons. ae h lyn fa of playing the lated gi esupported be again y c otenme an number the to ect pu,sml picking simply lpful, tteedo their of end the at vra.Ms of Most overlap. s riiat were articipants rcr.Clearly card. er n er,but heard, and h correct the g 22 Evaluation 12.2. 187 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 188 2 eodIteration Second 12. ol lohglgttetmoptnimtrmr,rdcn h poss the reducing more, potentiometer tempo the work highlight cups also in would maybe but boxes, carton in placed be not should tokens The hudb eindi a htuescno lc oetkn nbetwe in tokens note place woode cannot the users and that loop-tokens way the a for in goes designed same be The should surface. flat prob a this provides to solution a be Coloring could participants. color the string to interface’s attention according enough the attract not does obviously lem. blt ooeseit. oversee to ibility n htdsg change design That en. rm rtetokens the or frame n dit h al oit so table the into ed h tigmdl in module string the Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. umr n uueWork Future and Summary atV Part 189 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 31McarnclPart Mechatronical 13.1 Author: h einpoeswssopdatrtredsg trtosfrtem the for iterations design three after stopped was process design The a o odie od o u etn h pia ikp o instanc for pickup, optical the testing but so, do to idea good a not was expe an with microcontrollers for design software and hardware both with ai rttpn,adwiepitn at,ohr a eipoe an improved veri be to can models others hollow r parts, Printing printing worked while stores. printing and DIY 3D prototyping, c common rapid and fixes in constructions, available frame faulty are aluminum planning parts the from us modeling prevented hand modeling other the On especial problems. components, speed of or t quality precision of the in orderin influenced lot prevented also a considerations issues cost budgetary Financial parts when replacement phases ordered onl design for was early waiting This componen while noise. short-circuit phases Accidentally auditory design steady prototype. but final low the and caused assembled wires, motor unshielded stepper used the but from external imbalances, an power used avoid We to retrosp worked. pickup In motors expens stepper find. with not to mechanism plucking hard are extremely used be we can mistakes components wiring electronic and most damageable While the underestimated engineering. really We k previous limited. our strongly instrument were mechatronic a experience of development the Regarding have which errors w including a far create so to findings requirem managed process. the many authors of fulfilling The summary limitations a work. financial provide this the of within part concept MUI of the of iteration design ahe Kamper Raphael hrfr,eetoantcfields electromagnetic therefore, ytesromtr,resulting motors, servo the ly nb aiymd n spare and made easily be an sadbigsuki crucial in stuck being and ts oeta hlegscoming challenges potential ns h olwn sections following The ents. enmd uigtedesign the during made been oe upyfrteoptical the for supply power Summary fadtoa pr parts. spare additional of g eeindaray 3D already. redesigned d ,wre.Cetn the Creating worked. e, caia atadtwo and part echanical oldeadtechnical and nowledge ciei scerta it that clear is it ective m,epcal nthe in especially ime, ts nol software only in rtise v,te r easily are they ive, yadsg enables design a fy eeldatrwe after revealed y CHAPTER al el 3D well. eally rigproof orking 191 13 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 192 3 Summary 13. 312Scn Iteration Second 13.1.2 Iteration First 13.1.1 313TidIteration Third 13.1.3 eaatdtefetn ehns nawyt s n ev oo e f per motor servo one use to way a in mechanism fretting the adapted We h hr n atieaintre u ofll u eurmnsr requirements our fulfill to out turned iteration last and third The did approach iterations second The iteration. last the applied also in were changed system feedback not position were the regarding findings The for frets and frequencies of principles physical underlying The e quite be to out turned process design iterative The eyfs lybebmvleo bu 5 p n bouepeiini h f the if precision absolute and bpm 350 about of value bpm playable fast very u o eu ihnteuiest environment. university the within setup not but extrusion. librar double drivers by motor supported stepper is the boards and Uno ev controller an and servo reach the Mega could with Arduino communication motors the servo on speed running High Software correctly. placed and calculated whe advance in this have electrom to with beneficial experience been the of have for lack would used our It were reflects elements particular. iteration mentioned This lastly prototype. interpl the ge the the of printed describing None 3D model of positioning. development mathematical and the a thi to create use for lead to we replacement approach calculations ones this possible enco follow the a rotary to and be are decision might restrictions, there Potentiometers budgetary course speeds. our Of high within research. not of Retrospectively lack but a exist, clear. to became owed it are after encoders aborted was and requirements millimeters. t few achieve a To of scope speed. position regarding iterat a requirements allowing this the frets of lear printed fulfill output lessons the important not Principally, most did system. the fret tur but feedback of for servo position One a solenoid a using A speed. of replacement and on. the noise iteration and regarding material this solution PLA optic from the The anymore deforming changed reference. hot, not a as and were used working scripts and be calculation iterations and subsequent documented all were throughout motors, stepper for also mentioned, iterations. 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( 32MsclUe Interface User Musical 13.2 Author: re o ( dot green A hr r ordi four are There p and elements all of definition the of summary the contains section This imp the simplifying establish, to easy is computer laptop the with rie epe o xldn uiin sptnilues Neverth users. we users potential target as The musicians be excluding go. have should not installation thesis people, the the trained which of in properties direction some specific iteration, first the Before iter design each with subsections, following the us in to written has page. been table one the on applied, fit methods not Interviews, of otherwise number would the table’s of the Because MUI. the implem of be to going was it how not r but each clear, of was end itself the feature at the feature the of of usage m re state research user the conducted about a a information visualizes symbolizes gives row row which each each dot, and a where regard system installation 13.1, the the Table of of property in changes visualized major are All ments process. design the throughout sta explan museum Thi an that problems. giving assumption potential written optimistic was troubleshoot Both an email and allows informatics. short operation of a into faculty and installation Wien event, the TU the the attend at not day could beginners’ e yearly the such comp at of other influence reduction motors and stepper fields, introduction, section above the rmtepeiu ehd elwdt( dot yellow A method. previous the from ensisdlto.Tetbei neddt rvd uc o quick a provide to intended is table The deletion. its defines ) Joker Suggestions Snapping Orientation Area Loop Adjust Accompaniment Speed Adjusting Volume Adjusting Melody Editing Melody Creating Tokens Tone Type Token Beats & Bars Behavior Loop ao Blattner Jakob al 31 nwihdsg hs hc nefc rprywsset. was property interface which phase design which In 13.1: Table UCs ihrvsaie h rtipeetto rmitiigteimp the maintaining or implementation first the visualizes either ) o s ae,and cases, use for rn oswihdslydi display which dots erent LR EI cshst ecniee.Tetidieainwsshowcased was iteration third The considered. be to has ects PT UCs tnsfrpooyig oedtie ecito has description detailed more A prototyping. for stands Sketches iulzsisne ob eend n e dot red a and redefined, be to need its visualizes ) rn ttss h ht o ( dot white The statuses. erent LR ol lomiti h installation. the maintain also could tnsfrltrtr research, literature for stands Mockups to atrdi n subsection. one in captured ation 1 eetto.A etoe in mentioned As lementation. eve ftedsg process design the of verview st Eval. nnsb electromagnetic by onents estt enon-musically be to set re ls,i a end that defined, was it eless, npeendt en a define to predefined en to.Ec elcontains cell Each ethod. okdqiewl and well quite worked s 32 uia srInterface User Musical 13.2. urmn,faueor feature quirement, oete fteMUI the of roperties uhr fti work this of authors n h srrequire- user the ing to fhwt put to how of ation brvain,as abbreviations, e n nalisdetail. its all in ent PT ens htthe that defines, ) setv method. espective EI 2 lementation nd o expert for Eval. 193 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. o hc oraepeet.Aohrhl,tes aldsapn,wsd was snapping, called so the help, Another present). are four which (of 322Scn Iteration Second 13.2.2 /,34ad44tns e onso h ugsin eeas end h visu The defined. also were suggestions the of points Key tones. 4/4 and 3/4 1/2, fe h vlaino h okp i sr et rmsadr user standard from tests users via mockups the of evaluation the After h rtcm rtsrepicpehdt ecagd sisbhvo was behavior its as changed, be to had principle serve first come first The u the that circumstance, the with equated be can circumstance This app design interface all across same the were properties following The hc t oeeyohript fe hshdb oe ute defi further done, be had this After input. other every to fits which evaluate problems encountered the improve to set was prototyping The set-i were which Changes, placed. be can token the beat and tune which endiptdvc o h lyaksedwsas rae.Tein The created. also was speed playback the for chose device randomly input the defined of with position suggestion, beat of and form length designed time, suggestion new prototyping, the a the change is of can joker course user The the the added. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 196 3 Summary 13. antudrto yeeyecp n atcpn.Teloop-token The participant. one tim except This every evaluation. by an understood again, wasn’t was, iteration second the in method last The ouewslf u,a o h vlaini h eoddsg trto,t iteration, design second the in evaluation the for as out, left was volume ntelo rafrto he rfu ie narow. a in times four or three would two, which cer for tokens area load additional loop and The and the save user. button, in to the play/pause by possibility a perceived of the be implementation including to th participants, attention of the of border center by the the at from di support, far conducted orientation too was implemented test The the minute context. where fifteen use place than b the longer th association that way the of highlighted, interacted as everyon accessibility users well Not the some as speed. immediately, and Interestingly playback functionality on the serve change view last containe to the come the potentiometer blocked with the do slightly for to it applies something as had have in, follows: could put as which were users, results the The by data. quantitative of source a as added m been area. 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 198 Work Future 14. 42JkrInteraction Joker 14.2 44Adtoa Suggestions Additional 14.4 Orientation 14.3 nitriwei h xetitriw seSbeto 12 advi 11.2) Subsection (see interviews expert the in interviewee An h optknfaesol erdsge nawyta te oesdo tokens other that way a in redesigned be should frame loop-token The possib of video a showing only but anything, playing actually without t including not interaction only the is this if but space, save pl would the of middle the in place take might tuning fine position the while me the in included tones of number the indicate could size joker The sc One redesign. complete a needs definitely interaction joker The loop special made, test user the of participant suggestion the up Taking iulrpeettoso h oe’ eoy fe eoigtej the removing After melody. joker’s the of representations visual nycue ofso n uha neato hudntb osbea all. at possible be not should interaction an such and confusion causes only b teaches time same the at and desired, use is very interaction be that might hint this a context user museum u a the test In of mockup tutorial. potential the a high during of too expert auto-play interface a the user bears a This but instrument. interaction, the for mode inter Thi play the user. within the mapping to fret obvious and mapping string color of the understanding make faster 11.6.4) could a Subsection LEDs (see colored phase with sketching part iteration’s a first no reacTIVis the is the during there by because supported user, lim be the the would of which lot finger, a by take bars actually bars loop loop the The moving onl situation. feedback, this existing improve already could the with connected they lines 3.2, orientation suit Subsection more in t a described adjusting find marks when orientation to the support user noticed better the users needs animate S also could Orientation there. instance, leaving for composition. steps, and bpm position 20 middle in a near somewhere potentiometer by compose to han motivation other of the lack On a in possible. resulting is user, what the of more by understanding patronizing those better because a herself/himself, user user the the by composing joker initiate the Placing tokens. ordi note placing the by by repre represented melody visual melody the placed, sounding rebuild is can joker us user the the the once meet and way played, could a and joker in show the designed to be behavior addr could would special this This attributed coded. the hard all, or of composed algorithmically melody, a plays times. many beats 16 compositions. a of of number of form saving limited minimalistic, the the probably extends mocking special, quickly manner a this to in lead and likely space limited the extend tmyb epu oitouetmosae sms sr re u e out tried users most as stages tempo introduce to helpful be may It rac sdsrbdi uscin322 sarayconsidered already As 3.2.2. 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J. [113] [112] [111] [109] [108] [107] [105] Ho G. [103] [99] [110] [102] [104] ofrneo ooisadAutomation and Robotics on Conference soito o h utvto fScience of Cultivation the for Association uooosRobots Autonomous uia oosadItrcieMlioa Systems Multimodal Interactive and Robots Musical e nefcsfrMsclExpression Musical for Interfaces New e nefcsfrMsclExpression Musical for Interfaces New ooisadAtmto Proceedings Automation and Robotics nentoa ofrneo e nefcsfrMsclExpression Musical for Interfaces New on Conference International nefcsfrMsclExpression Musical for Interfaces ua neatv Communication Interactive Human Automation and Robotics on Conference International IEEE 2016. 2011. .Dnebr,H e rw,adR uih Mbae ooi app pla bagpipe 2011. robotic Heidelberg, A Berlin “Mcblare: Springer Lupish, R. and Brown, Ben H. Dannenberg, R. I in glockenspiel: retrieval,” robotic information closed-loop musical “The embedded Carnegie, with A. robots D. musical and ing Kapur, A. 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C. 01IE nentoa ofrneo ooisadAutomation and Robotics on Conference International IEEE 2011 rceig fteItrainlCneec nNwItrae o M for Interfaces New on Conference International the of Proceedings M for Interfaces New on Conference International the of Proceedings a n .Wibr,“neatv mrvsto iharbtcmarimba robotic a with improvisation “Interactive Weinberg, G. and man a n .Wibr,“etr-ae ua-oo azipoiain”i improvisation,” jazz human-robot “Gesture-based Weinberg, G. and man OA 06-Te1t EEItrainlSmoimo oo an Robot on Symposium International IEEE 15th The - 2006 ROMAN o.3,n.23 p 3–5,2011. 133–153, pp. 2-3, no. 31, vol. , uiisrmne o e niebszrGegenwart zur bis Antike der von Musikinstrumente: IE’0 p 6–6,2010. 166–169, pp. ’10, NIME , rceig fteItrainlCneec nNew on Conference International the of Proceedings p 712 EE 2006. IEEE, 97–102, pp. , enroMscJournal Music Leonardo o.4 p 09,IE,1987. IEEE, 90–97, pp. 4, vol. , IE’8 Gna tl) p 4–5,2008. 349–351, pp. Italy), (Genoa, ’08, NIME , IE’4 p 6–6,2014. 565–568, pp. ’14, NIME , 1999. , o.6 1920. 6, vol. , rceig fteItrainlCneec on Conference International the of Proceedings rceig fteItrainlCneec on Conference International the of Proceedings 97IE nentoa ofrneon Conference International IEEE 1987 J oi n .N,es) p 165–178, pp. eds.), Ng, K. and Solis (J. o.2,p.7–8 2010. 73–78, pp. 20, vol. , p 8–8,IE,2010. IEEE, 582–587, pp. , rceig fteAustralian the of Proceedings rceig fteIndian the of Proceedings p 5634,IEEE, 3536–3541, pp. , IE’6 p 2–7, pp. ’16, NIME , rceig fthe of Proceedings sclExpression usical Expression usical ltss Robotic tasks: al rse,1983. Prestel, . mnpartner uman control,” e, in yer,” player,” mprov- n robot,” 2010 Bibliography arm f! ,” d , , 211 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Bibliography 212 [123] [122] [117] [116] [115] [118] 10 .BtnradI Spence, I. and Bittner K. [120] [119] [121] Technology etr nHmnCmue neato n iuain(W2005) (GW Simulation and Interaction Human-Computer in Gesture Studies Computer n mrigApplications Emerging and RBSadr u etfidPoesoa o eurmnsEngine Requirements for Professional Certified zum IREB-Standard Automation and Robotics on Conference International ytm nteEetoi Arts Electronic the in Systems aeaflts oo f4i:Ipeetto fadtr edaksyst feedback auditory of Implementation wf-4riv: robot flutist waseda 2013. .Bnia .Klebunr n .P ar,“h einadeouinof evolution and design “The Fabra, in P. system,” U. reactivision and the Kaltenbrunner, M. Bencina, R. a - “Tuio in Costanza, interfaces,” E. user and tangible Bencina, based R. table Bovermann, T. Kaltenbrunner, M. Jacko, A. J. 2015. Verlag, Dpunkt Rupp, C. and Pohl K. Tucker, A. and Topi H. design,” human-centred support to “Methods Maguire, M. developme and “Design evaluat Takanishi, performance A. musical in and and Petersen, mechanism mouth K. biologically-inspired Ozawa, K. Solis, J. “Developme Takanishi, A. and Yamamoto, T. Ninomiya, T. Taniguchi, K. Solis, J. 03IE okhpo dacdRbtc n t oilImpacts Social its and Robotics Advanced on Workshop IEEE 2013 R rs,2014. Press, CRC . ua optrItrcinHnbo:Fnaetl,Eovn Techn Evolving Fundamentals, Handbook: Interaction Computer Human o.5,n.4 p 8–3,2001. 587–634, pp. 4, no. 55, vol. , aiwse eurmnsEgneig u-udWieblugnach Weiterbildung und Aus- Engineering: Requirements Basiswissen optn adok nomto ytm n Information and Systems Information Handbook: Computing s aeModeling Case Use R rs,2012. Press, CRC . rceig fte3dItrainlCneec nGenerative on Conference International 3rd the of Proceedings .1,2005. 10, p. , rceig fte6hItrainlWrso on Workshop International 6th the of Proceedings dio-ely 2003. Addison-Wesley, . p 6435,IE,2008. IEEE, 3654–3659, pp. , nentoa ora fHuman- of Journal International rn onainLevel Foundation ering 2005. , p 0–0,IEEE, 200–205, pp. , m”in em,” o ftewf-4rvi,” the of ion rtclfor protocol to new a of nt dcasfor fiducials 08IEEE 2008 ologies, tof nt . Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. osn Forms Consent APPENDIX 213 A Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 214 .CnetForms Consent A. . xetInterviews Expert A.1 [email protected] [email protected] The thesis is advised by Hilda Hilda by is advised thesis The Tellio thesis thesis context. a musical within participation audience i research The on algorithmic composition, application of music theory for of string theory music application composition, algorithmic on underst a deeper and insight is to gain of Goal this research Goal of Research Jakob Blattner Raphael Kamper Raphael [email protected]. [email protected] Blattner Jakob Researchers: peter.fi[email protected] Univ.Ass. Fikar,Peter Dipl.-Ing. Bakk.techn. Master Thesis Assistant: Dr.techn. Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Associate Hilda Tellio Master Thesis Advisor: ae Pae DM.YYSignature Signature DD.MM.YYYY Place, Signature DD.MM.YYYY Place, ______DD.MM.YYYY Place, Name ______Name ______Researchers ______Name ______Participant at time. any concerns your us tell and free to Feel ask questions You a the interview to during the us right takes notes grant Permissions yo without else anyone with shared not be will Information for t used be will the interview during data collected The / Confidentiality of research Use voluntary. You question. any to answer decline can You may wi We take that you will with interview to an do like would Participation and Withdrawal above. as thesis master their mentioned on working student all are Kamper Raphael and Blattner Jakob researchers: The Researchers Design of a haptic music Interface to support Performance Performance Interface to music support of a haptic Design Art Strion

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215 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 216 .CnetForms Consent A. . srTests User A.3 Jakob Blattner Researchers Name Name Name Jakob Blattner Researchers: peter.fi[email protected] Univ. Ass.Dipl.-Ing.PeterFikar, Bakk.techn. Master ThesisAssistant: Associate Prof. Dipl.-Ing.Dr.techn. HildaTellio Master ThesisAdvisor: [email protected] Raphael Kamper advised byHildaTellio haptic musicInterfacetosupportPerformanceArtonStringInstruments using ahapticmusicinterface.Theresearch isdoneasapartoftheresearchers' masterthesis Goal ofthisresearch istogaininsightandabetterunderstandingoftheinteractionstakingplacewhile Goal ofResearch [email protected]

Participant atanytime. Feel free toaskquestionsandtellusyourconcerns You grantustherighttotakesnotesduringtestandvideorecord you. Permissions Information willnotbeshared withanyoneelsewithoutyourpermission. The collecteddataduringtheusertestwillbeusedforresearchers' masterthesisinanonymizedform. Use ofresearch /Confidentiality voluntary. You candeclinetoansweranyquestion.You maywithdrawatanypointorafterwards. We wouldliketodoausertestwithyouthatwilltakearound 15minutes.Your participationisentirely Participation andWithdrawal working ontheirmasterthesisasmentionedabove. The researchers: JakobBlattnerandRaphaelKamperare bothstudentsattheTUWienandcurrently Researchers

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Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. neve Guideline Interview APPENDIX 217 B Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 218 Guideline Interview B. Interviewpartner: Komposition Musiktheorie: Fragensammlung- Komposition: Trombosonic. Speziell an Algorithmen. Kontexts, Genres, usw.) implementiert werden. Vor allem Hinweise zur Musiktheorie und improvisieren. Im Idealfall kann ein allgemeingültiger Ansatz (innerhalb eines gewissen Erwartungen: Instrument: Algorithmen: Welche Schemata gibt es mit dem die Eingabe des Benutzers vereinfacht wird, ● Sieht der Interviewpartner die Verwendung von analog gespielten Saiten als Pro oder ● Welche Auswirkungen sind durch die Wahl des Instruments zu erwarten? ● Welche Vor- und Nachteile ergeben sich durch Ansätze? die jeweiligen ● Welche Anwendungsgebiete (also z. B. Genre, Fähigkeiten, live- Improvisation vs. ● Welcher Algorithmus ist somit zu empfehlen? ● Welche Möglichkeiten gibt es jeweils für Begleitstimmen oder Melodie? ● Welche Faktoren beeinflussen die Wahl des automatischen ● Welche Möglichkeiten gibt es zur automatischen Musikerzeugung bzw. Komposition? ● sodass das Erzeugnis harmonisch ist? Contra? Was spricht dafür/ dagegen? “Echtzeit”-anwendung)? Komponieren) haben diese Ansätze (in unserem Rahmen, also zeitliche kurze Musikerzeugunsalgorithmus? Aufforderung zur Interaktion von gewissen Instrumenten größer als von ○ Kann sich die Begleitung positiv auf das Empfinden des Benutzers auswirken ○ Kann die Begleitung zur Laufzeit algorithmisch erzeugt werden? ○ Worin liegen die Unterschiede? ○ Algorithmisch und Improvisationstechniken auf Gitarre? ○ Welche dieser Schemata eignen sich für das Gitarrenspiel? ○ Akkordabfolgemuster bei Begleitstimmen? ○ Begrenzung der “erlaubten” Töne wie z.B. Pentatonik? ○ Gibt es erwartbare oder feststellbare Unterschiede in der Interaktion mit ○ ​Oliver Hödl ​ Ansätze zur Musikerzeugung. Möglichkeiten live zu komponieren bzw. zu anderen (s.u.)? (klingt besser → größeres Erfolgsgefühl)? Musikerzeugung? einem analogen Musikinstrument im Vergleich zu rein digitaler ​ ​Oliver Hödl, Gerald Golka, Thomas Gorbach ​: Vorgehensweise zur Festlegung der Interaktionsmöglichkeiten bei 23.01.2018

1 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Usability: Fragensammlung- Interface: werden. Lösungsansätze und Vorschläge in Erfahrung gebracht und im Designprozess berücksichtigt die Fragen bei beiden im Großen und Ganzen gleich. Somit sollen unterschiedliche Da beide Interviewpartner einen anderen Ausgangspunkts bzgl. MUIs/ TUIs haben, bleiben Erwartungen an das Interview im speziellen auf MUIs und nicht UIs im generellen. Oliver Hödl PeterPur Eingabemethoden, bei Usability Evaluation etc. in Erfahrung gebracht werden. Auch kann im Allgemeinen. Demnach können Fehler, Probleme mit unterschiedlichen Purgathofer Playful Interfaces: Interviewpartner: Interface Erwartungen: Benutzer: Welche Usability Evaluationsmethoden werden auf der TU meistens eingesetzt? ● Auf was muss bei der Usability Evaluierung mit Personen ohne Kenntnis im Bereich ● ● Soll Soll bei einem Playful Interface Ansatz auch ein gewisser Schwierigkeitsgrad (--> ● Ist der “Playful Interface” Ansatz sinnvoll für unser Projekt? ● Wie kann ein geeignetes Mapping zwischen Eingabe und dem zu verändernden ● Unter welchen Voraussetzungen kann die initiale Interaktion gefördert werden? ● Wird der Einsatz im musealen Kontext als sinnvoll erachtet? ● Mit welchen Problemen haben die meisten Nichtmusiker zu kämpfen wenn sie eine ● fun without a challenge) beachtet werden? Mit welchen Usability Evaluationsmethoden gibt es meistens die größten Probleme? in dem das Interface angewendet wird beachtet werden? Tonparameter (Lautstärke, Tonhöhe, Dauer) gefunden werden? teilnehmen? Lehrveranstaltung beim Interviewpartner ( ​zum Design Prozess Tipps geben, neue Designansätze liefern etc. Gibt es hier bekannte Synästhesien, also z.B. tiefer Ton korreliert mit großem ○ Audioausgabe von Bedeutung (Kopfhörer vs. “offene” Lautsprecher)? ○ Wie verhält sich die Interaktion mit dem Publikum? ○ Können sich bestimmte Elemente als für die Interaktion förderlich erweisen? ○ Gibt es weitere/ ander mögliche Kontexte in denen die Installation verwendet ○ ​wiederum ist auf dem Gebiet der MUIs sehr erfahren. Bei ihm dieliegen ​ hat keine (uns bekannte) direkte Erfahrung mit MUIs, jedoch mit TUIs und UIs ​ Neue Einsichten von Experten mit Erfahrung auf dem Gebiet.jeweiligen werden kann? Objekt oder beispielsweise mit Farben? ​ ​Peter Purgathofer, Oliver Hödl ​Golka & Gorbach ​) absolvieren bzw. daran ​Peter no 2

219 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 220 Guideline Interview B. Input Methoden: MUIs/ TUIs: Benutzer: Feedback Kann die Art des Inputs (z.B. WBI) die Initialinteraktion/ den Aufforderungscharak ● Erfahrung des Interviewpartners mit Applikationen die Whole-Body-Interaktion ● Sind Tokens in öffentlichen Einsatz zu empfehlen? → Probleme damit? z.B. ● Input mit Controllern empfehlenswert (mögliche Vor- und Nachteile)? ● Gibt es tangible Input Methoden die in den letzten Jahren auf den Markt gekommen ● Welche Input Methoden waren bei TUIs, die auf der TU evaluiert oder erstellt ● Sketch(es) mit Interviewpartner besprechen → Brainstorming! Vorschläge, etc. ● Welche guten/ erfolgreichen Musikspiele (ggf. für Nicht-Musiker) fallen dem ● Gabe es musikalische TUIs die dem Interviewpartner gerade in den Sinn kommen? ● Was soll beim Bau von großen TUIs beachten werden? Gab es Probleme mit in ● Wann soll kein Feedback durch den Mechanismus wiedergegeben werden? ● Wie kann zusätzliches Feedback im Mechanismus verbaut werden? ● Sieht der Interviewpartner die Verwendung von analog gespielten Saiten als Pro oder ● Kann es sein, dass weniger Leute mit einer Applikation interagieren wenn sie von ● Auf welche Benutzergruppen soll nicht vergessen werden (Farbenblinde Menschen ● Welche Interfaces gibt es die (Takt-) Schläge bzw. Rhythmus erkennen können? ● verwend(et)en. Diebstahl o.ä. sind? wurden, am innovativsten? Interviewpartner ein? Vergangenheit erstellten TUIs? Contra? Was spricht dafür/ dagegen? mehreren Leuten beobachtet werden? etc.)? beeinflussen? ​: Inputmethoden für Töne (Tonhöhe, Lautstärke, Akkorde, Rhytmen, etc.) ○ Bzw. welche rapid prototyping Ansätze gibt es? → Güldenpfennig ○ ter 3 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. einAttitudes: Design Principles Design • • • • • • • • • stecretsse ttscer(nuho o uhfeedback)? much too or (enough clear status system current containment)? the of Is (principle something miss user the Does Playfulness lwState Flow (pre interface (permi reversible the understandably) by (and prevented easily be interactions any side Are user the from inte errors the over any control Can has he/she that control)? feeling, of the locus have user the Does a of (principle used being are controls visibility)? the of how (principle clear, for it is Is control each what clear, it Is – – – – – htwschallenging? was What fun? have you Did finished? you task each after music new create to try you Did i oehn rmteitraedsrc o rmyu task? your from you distract interface the from something Did i o aetefeigo en ncnrloe h interface? the over control in being of feeling the have you Did ú ú ú atdi odo? to it wanted htwsit? was What a thr oaheetets o e o orefa n ie point? given any at yourself for set you task the achieve to hard it Was i o aetefeigo orcl rnigteitraet ot do to interface the bringing correctly of feeling the have you Did okpTest Mockup ordance)? ayrvra factions)? of reversal easy t fc spotinternal (support rface eterrors)? vent APPENDIX etigyou thing he 221 C Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Mcu Test Mockup C. 222 – – i o nesadteitraei ofral ierm?O i y did Or timeframe? long? comfortable too a needing in of interface feeling the understand you Did achieve? to try you did What ú ú a ttohr oachieve? to hard too it achieve? Was to easy too it Was uhv the have ou Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. uiesRequirements Business Sketches Pre- D.1 .. ytmRequirements System D.1.1 1. 2. 1. 4. 3. eae to: Relates to: Relates way. fun and alternative eae to: Relates h ciiista h ytmealsteue opromaentcol not are perform to user the enables system the that activities The h ytmsol naeteue ihmscb etn i/e cre him/her letting by music with user the engage should system The h aiu eeomn iefrtetreqatr fayear a of quarters three the for time development maximum The museum) a in (e.g. customers Euro more 1700 attract exceed should not installation must The project the of costs development The o-ucinlrqieet8. requirement Non-functional – 2. requirement System – requirements user All – 14. and 10., 5., 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – requirements user 3. All and – 2., 1., requirements System – o-ucinlrqieet . . . 2,1. n 14. and 13., 12., 5., 3., 2., requirements Non-functional – 1. requirement Business – Requirements APPENDIX aoaiei nature. in laborative t eoisi an in melodies ate 223 D Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Requirements D. 224 10. 7. 6. 3. 2. 9. 8. 5. 4. eae to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates eae to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates OSC or MIDI like protocol, music to: a Relates thesis), this of part mechatronical to: Relates system. the by enabled h nu rmteue utb agbe(owearables). 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. ucinlRequirements Functional D.1.3 Requirements User D.1.2 5. 3. 2. 1. 1. 2. 4. eae to: Relates to: Relates user. the by changeable be to: Relates user. the by set be eae to: Relates volume. and speed to: Relates to: Relates melody. harmonious more a creating to: Relates h oiino oe ntemld n hi ui aaees(pitch parameters music their and melody the in tones of position The (pitch parameters music their and melody the in tones of position The h ytmms eal ocpuetecretpsto fec oe u token each of position current the capture to able be must system The the of volume output the change to possibility the have must user The u the by changeable be must minute) per beats (in speed playback The h srcnacp rdcietn ugsin ytesse,wihtyt he to try which system, the by suggestions tone decline or accept can user The h ytmms aeacntn oncint h nu eie to devices input the to connection constant a have must system The o-ucinlrqieet . . . 5,ad16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – srrqieet3 n 4. and 3. requirement User – 2. and 1. requirement User – 16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – e h playback the set uain must duration) , must duration) , ser. system. sed. ..Pe Sketches Pre- D.1. phmin him lp 225 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Requirements D. 226 .. o-ucinlRequirements Non-functional D.1.4 6. 1. 8. 5. 3. 2. 7. 4. eae to: Relates eae to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates eae to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates h nefc hudhv lal nesadbedsg yadheri by design understandable clearly a have should interface The h ntlainsol eotmzdfraitrcintm rmtret three from time interaction a for optimized be should installation The ea ewe n n uptsalntipi h user. the impair not shall output and in- between Delay ehnclfiuems ea naslt minimum. absolute an at be must failure Mechanical user the of fears interaction initial minimize to has installation The playfulness. integrate must system The usability. good a for attributes all fulfill must installation The h ytmsol eal opa tmlde iha es 8 bpm. 180 least at with melodies at play to able be should system The o-ucinlrqieet 4 n 16. and 14. requirements Non-functional – 5. requirement System – l srrequirements user All – 1. requirement Business – ytmrqieet . . .ad10. and 8. 7., 2., requirements System – 3. and 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – srrqieet3. requirement User – o-ucinlrqieet . . .ad4. and 3. 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – requirements user All – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – gt einknowledge. design to ng s. fenminutes. fifteen o Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 14. 13. 10. 16. 15. 12. 11. 9. eae to: Relates to: Relates frets. two hudas okfrpol ihmsclknowledge. musical to: with Relates people for work also should eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates h ice rcso utntece h uioytrsodo about of threshold auditory the exceed not must precision pitches The h ytmnest evsal appealing. visually be to needs system The reconfigured. be to needs rarely system The her. or him for impediment an be not should user the of size The t to due system the using in disadvantage no have users Colour-blind replace). 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Requirements D. 228 .. uiesRequirements Business D.2.1 Mockups Pre- D.2 .. ytmRequirements System D.2.2 1. 1. 3. 4. 3. 5. 4. 2. 2. eae to: Relates to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates ehtoia ato hstei) ui rtcl ieMD rOSC or MIDI like protocol, music to: a Relates thesis), this of part mechatronical to: Relates to: Relates way. fun and alternative h ciiista h ytmealsteue opromaentcol not are perform to user the enables system the that activities The h ytmsol naeteue ihmscb etn i/e cre him/her letting by music with user the engage should system The h nu rmteue utb agbe(owearables). (no tangible be must user the from input The year a of quarters three the for time development maximum The museum) a in (e.g. customers Euro more 1700 attract exceed should not installation must The project the of costs development The h ntlainms rdc ui ihaao utrstrings. guitar analog with music produce must installation The headphones. via output be must music generated The o h nefc omncto ewe h U n h nlgmsclout musical analog the and MUI the between communication interface the For o-ucinlrqieet . 2,ad14. and 12., 4., requirements Non-functional – requirements user All – 14. and 13., 12., 5., 3., 2., requirements Non-functional – 1. requirement Business – o-ucinlrqieet5. requirement Non-functional – ytmrqieet n 8 and 6 requirements System – 8. requirement Non-functional – 2. requirement System – requirements user All – 14. and 10., 5., 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – requirements user All 2. and – 1. requirements System – utb sd (v2) used. be must , aoaiei nature. in laborative t eoisi an in melodies ate u (the put Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. srRequirements User D.2.3 6. 1. 3. 2. 8. 7. 9. (v2) (v2) eae to: Relates to: Relates user. the by changeable be to: Relates user. the by set be to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates eae to: Relates h oiino oe ntemld n hi ui aaees(pitch parameters music their and melody the in tones of position The (pitch parameters music their and melody the in tones of position The h lyaksed(nbasprmnt)ms ecagal yteu the by changeable be must minute) per beats (in speed playback The change. to easy be must mechanism creation sound the on strings guitar The (v2) possible. as software source open much as contain should system The non-programmers/exter by maintainable be must work this of product The h rte otaems u nmcootolr,lk h Arduin the like microcontrollers, on run must software written The o-ucinlrqieet 5 n 16. and 15. requirements Non-functional – 1. requirement Business – o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 15. and 7. requirements Non-functional 7 – and 5 requirements System – o-ucinlrqieet .ad15. and 7. requirements Non-functional – – 8 and 3 requirements System – ytmrqieet n 6 and 3 requirements System – 2. requirement Business – ytmrqieet5 requirement System rRsbryPi. Raspberry or o uain must duration) , must duration) , ser. a personnel. nal ..Pe Mockups Pre- D.2. (v2) 229 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Requirements D. 230 ucinlRequirements Functional 4. 1. 3. 2. 7. 6. 5. eae to: Relates h ers etadpth ota vr oesat ta xc etadit and beat exact an at to: starts Relates tone pitch. every one that exactly so to pitch, assigned and beat nearest the to: Relates volume. and speed to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates melody. harmonious more a creating to: Relates h ytmms eal ocpuetecretpsto fec oe u token each of position current the capture to able be must system The bar each for accompaniment pre-defined the set/change to able is user The repeat be will tones set the which in area, loop the adjust can user The the of volume output the change to possibility the have must user The h iulrpeetto/febc fa cietn oe nteGIshoul GUI the on token tone active an of feedback representation/ visual The h srcnacp rdcietn ugsin ytesse,wihtyt he to try which system, the by suggestions tone decline or accept can user The h ytmms aeacntn oncint h nu eie to devices input the to connection constant a have must system The o-ucinlrqieet . . . 5,ad16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – ytmrqieet2. requirement System – srrqieet .ad2. and 1. requirements User – 4. and 3. requirement User – 2. and 1. requirement User – 2. requirement System – 16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – e h playback the set system. dinfinitely. ed sed. . a lobe also can npto snap d phmin him lp Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. o-ucinlRequirements Non-functional D.2.4 1. 7. 6. 4. 8. 5. 3. 2. eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates h nefc hudhv lal nesadbedsg yadheri by design understandable clearly a have should interface The h ntlainsol eotmzdfraitrcintm rmthree from time interaction a for optimized be should installation The h ytmsol eal opa tmlde iha es 8 bpm. 180 least at with melodies at play to able be should system The (v2) minimum. absolute an at be must failure Mechanical user the of fears interaction initial minimize to has installation The playfulness. integrate must system The usability. good a for attributes all fulfill must installation The user. the impair not shall output and in- between Delay o-ucinlrqieet . . .ad4. and 3. 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – requirements user All – 16. and 14. requirements Non-functional – – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – srrqieet3. requirement User – 9 and 7 6, 2., requirements System – 3. and 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – ytmrqieet4 requirement System gt einknowledge. design to ng .(v2) s. ofite minutes. fifteen to ..Pe Mockups Pre- D.2. 231 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Requirements D. 232 15. 12. 11. 16. 13. 14. 10. 9. eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates eae to: Relates eae to: Relates hudas okfrpol ihmsclknowledge. musical to: with Relates people for work also should to: Relates (v2) frets. two h ice rcso utntece h uioytrsodo about of threshold auditory the exceed not must precision pitches The h ytmrrl ed ob eofiue.(v2) reconfigured. be to needs rarely system The her. or him for impediment an be not should user the of size The t to due system the using in disadvantage no have users Colour-blind replace). (to inexpensive be must tokens The shape round a have not should table The h ytmnest evsal peln.(v2) appealing. visually be to needs system The h kl ftetre ru eadn ui slwo o-xsat but non-existant, or low is music regarding group target the of skill The – 2. requirement System – requirements user All – 2. requirement System – 2. requirement Business – 1. requirement System – o-ucinlrqieet .ad8. and 5. requirements Non-functional 5 – and 2. requirements System 3. – and 1. requirements Business – ytmrqieet2. requirement System – requirements user All – l srrequirements user All – 2. – and 1. requirements User – ytmrqieet7 requirement System ytmrqieet5 requirement System erlimitation. heir ± 8c e n t sb e t w e e n h system the Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. uiesRequirements Business Evaluation D.3.1 First Pre- D.3 .. ytmRequirements System D.3.2 2. 1. 4. 2. 1. 5. 3. 4. 3. eae to: Relates way. fun and alternative ehtoia ato hstei) ui rtcl ieMD rOSC or MIDI like protocol, music to: a Relates thesis), this of part mechatronical to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates h ciiista h ytmealsteue opromaentcol not are perform to user the enables system the that activities The h ytmsol naeteue ihmscb etn i/e cre him/her letting by music with user the engage should system The h ntlainms rdc ui ihaao utrstrings. guitar analog with music produce must installation The headphones. via output be must music generated The wearables). (no tangible be must user the from input The year a of quarters three the for time development maximum The museum) a in (e.g. customers Euro more 1700 attract exceed should not installation must The project the of costs development The o h nefc omncto ewe h U n h nlgmsclout musical analog the and MUI the between communication interface the For o-ucinlrqieet . . . . . 0,ad14. and 10., 5., 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – requirements user All 2. and – 1. requirements System – ytmrqieet n 8 and 6 requirements System – 8. requirement Non-functional – 2. requirement System – requirements user All – o-ucinlrqieet5. requirement Non-functional – 14. and 12., 4., requirements Non-functional – requirements user All – 14. and 13., 12., 5., 3., 2., requirements Non-functional – 1. requirement Business – ..Pe is Evaluation First Pre- D.3. utb sd (v2) used. be must , aoaiei nature. in laborative t eoisi an in melodies ate u (the put 233 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Requirements D. 234 .. srRequirements User D.3.3 10. 9. 6. 1. 2. 8. 7. (v2) (v2) eae to: Relates eae to: Relates user. the by changeable be to: Relates user. the by set be to: Relates it. creates user the to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates eodhasto h ntlainalw eodpro olse to listen to person second a allows installation the on headset second A h oiino oe ntemld n hi ui aaees(pitch parameters music their and melody the in tones of position The h oiino oe ntemld n hi ui aaees(pitch parameters music their and melody the in tones of position The h utrsrnso h on rainmcaimms ees ochange. to easy be must mechanism creation sound the on strings guitar The (v2) possible. as software source open much as contain should system The non-programmers/exter by maintainable be must work this of product The h rte otaems u nmcootolr,lk h Arduin the like microcontrollers, on run must software written The ytmrqieet n 6 and 3 requirements System – 2. requirement Business – o-ucinlrqieet 5 n 16. and 15. requirements Non-functional – 1. requirement Business – o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 10. requirement Non-functional 4 – and 1. requirements System – 15. and 7. requirements Non-functional 7 – and 5 requirements System – o-ucinlrqieet .ad15. and 7. requirements Non-functional – – 8 and 3 requirements System – ytmrqieet5 requirement System rRsbryPi. Raspberry or o h eoywhile melody the uain must duration) , uain must duration) , a personnel. nal (v2) Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. ucinlRequirements Functional D.3.4 3. 5. 1. 3. 2. 6. 4. eae to: Relates h ers etadpth ota vr oesat ta xc etadit and beat exact an at to: starts Relates tone pitch. every one that exactly so to pitch, assigned and beat nearest the to: Relates volume. and speed to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates melody. harmonious more a creating to: Relates h ytmms eal ocpuetecretpsto fec oe u token each of position current the capture to able be must system The repeat be will tones set the which in area, loop the adjust can user The the of volume output the change to possibility the have must user The u the by changeable be must minute) per beats (in speed playback The h iulrpeetto/febc fa cietn oe nteGIshou GUI the on token tone active an of feedback representation/ visual The h srcnacp rdcietn ugsin ytesse,wihtyt he to try which system, the by suggestions tone decline or accept can user The h ytmms aeacntn oncint h nu eie to devices input the to connection constant a have must system The o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – o-ucinlrqieet . . . 5,ad16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – srrqieet3 n 4. and 3. requirement User – 2. and 1. requirement User – 2. requirement System – 16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – ..Pe is Evaluation First Pre- D.3. e h playback the set ser. system. dinfinitely. ed sed. a lobe also can dsa to snap ld phmin him lp 235 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 236 Requirements D. .. o-ucinlRequirements Non-functional D.3.5 3. 2. 4. 1. 4. 5. eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates eae to: Relates logic). serve first come first (first the on to: of so bl Relates position and in the active, GUI Once b is gray. active the token in as on second displayed kept representation be be visual should should the representations surface displaying table’s by the achieved on is put been has that th at user. to: scale the Relates pentatonic by the tone from set tone last suggestion the a visualize parameters, tone h nefc hudhv lal nesadbedsg yadheri by design understandable clearly a have should interface The neeyba,ol n oecnb cie nodrt iulz hs th this, visualize to order In active. be can tone one only beat, every On h ytmms nert playfulness. integrate must system The usability. good a for attributes all fulfill must installation The user. the impair not shall output and in- between Delay hnfu eeiin ftecretlo rapse n h srdid user the and passed area loop current the of repetitions four When o-ucinlrqieet . . n 3. and 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – srrqieet .ad2. and 1. requirements User – l srrequirements user All – 1. requirement Business – 3. and 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. – and 1. requirements User – 2. requirement System – 5. requirement User – gt einknowledge. design to ng oe scagd the changed, is token e l te visual other all ue, h ytm This system. the y rttn token tone first e ’ hneany change n’t oiinafter position e Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 13. 10. 12. 11. 7. 5. 6. 9. 8. eae to: Relates to: Relates hudas okfrpol ihmsclknowledge. musical to: with Relates people for work also should to: Relates (v2) frets. two to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates h ice rcso utntece h uioytrsodo about of threshold auditory the exceed not must precision pitches The h ntlainsol eotmzdfraitrcintm rmthree from time interaction a for optimized be should installation The oorbidueshv odsdatg nuigtesse u ot to due system the using in disadvantage no have users Colour-blind replace). (to inexpensive be must tokens The shape round a have not should table The bpm. 180 least at with melodies at play to able be should system The (v2) minimum. absolute an at be must failure Mechanical user the of fears interaction initial minimize to has installation The h kl ftetre ru eadn ui slwo o-xsat but non-existant, or low is music regarding group target the of skill The ytmrqieet2. requirement System – requirements user All – 4. and 3. 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – requirements user All – l srrequirements user All – 2. – and 1. requirements User – 16. and 14. requirements Non-functional – – ytmrqieet2. requirement System – 2. requirement Business – 1. requirement System – 3. requirement User – 9 and 7 6, 2., requirements System – ytmrqieet5 requirement System 4 requirement System ..Pe is Evaluation First Pre- D.3. .(v2) s. erlimitation. heir ofite minutes. fifteen to ± 8c e n t sb e t w e e n h system the 237 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Requirements D. 238 ytmRequirements System .. uiesRequirements Business D.4.1 Prototyping Pre- D.4 14. 15. 16. 1. 4. 3. 1. 2. eae to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates way. fun and alternative h ciiista h ytmealsteue opromaentcol not are perform to user the enables system the that activities The h ytmsol naeteue ihmscb etn i/e cre him/her letting by music with user the engage should system The h ieo h srsol o ea meietfrhmo her. or him for impediment an be not should user the of size The h aiu eeomn iefrtetreqatr fayear a of quarters three the for time development maximum The museum) a in (e.g. customers Euro more 1700 attract exceed should not installation must The project the of costs development The (v2) appealing. visually be to needs system The (v2) reconfigured. be to needs rarely system The ytmrqieet2. requirement System – requirements user All – o-ucinlrqieet . . . 2,1. n 14. and 13., 12., 5., 3., 2., requirements Non-functional – 1. requirement Business – 8. and 5. requirements Non-functional 5 and – 2. requirements System 3. and – 1. requirements Business – – o-ucinlrqieet8. requirement Non-functional – 2. requirement System – requirements user All – 14. and 10., 5., 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – requirements user All 2. and – 1. requirements System – ytmrqieet7 requirement System aoaiei nature. in laborative t eoisi an in melodies ate Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 10. 4. 2. 7. 9. 8. 6. 5. 3. (v3) (v2) ehtoia ato hstei) ui rtcl ieMD rOSC or MIDI like protocol, music to: a Relates thesis), this of part mechatronical eae to: Relates to: Relates di the distinguishing problems eae to: Relates eae to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates h ytmnest iulz oekn foinainfrteue,s user, the for orientation of kind some visualize to needs system The h utrsrnso h on rainmcaimms ees ochange. to easy be must mechanism creation sound the on strings guitar The (v3) possible. as software source open much as contain should system The non-programmers/exter by maintainable be must work this of product The strings. guitar analog with music produce must installation The headphones. via output be must music generated The wearables). (no tangible be must user the from input The o h nefc omncto ewe h U n h nlgmsclout musical analog the and MUI the between communication interface the For h rte otaems u nmcootolr,lk h Arduin the like microcontrollers, on run must software written The ytmrqieet n 9 and 7 requirements System – ytmrqieet n 8 and 5 requirements System – 2. and 1. requirements User – ytmrqieet n 9 and 3 requirements System – o-ucinlrqieet .ad15. and 7. requirements Non-functional – – ytmrqieet n 7 and 3 requirements System – 2. requirement Business – 16. and 15. requirements Non-functional – 1. requirement Business – 5. requirement Non-functional – 14. and 12., 4., requirements Non-functional – requirements user All – ytmrqieet5 requirement System rn osbeba n ic oiin o h oetokens. tone the for positions pitch and beat possible erent utb sd (v3) used. be must , hth a fewer has he that o rRsbryPi. Raspberry or o ..Pe Prototyping Pre- D.4. a personnel. nal (v3) u (the put 239 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Requirements D. 240 .. srRequirements User D.4.2 11. 1. 5. 4. 3. 2. eae to: Relates melody. harmonious more a creating to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates user. the by changeable be to: Relates user. the by set be to: Relates it. creates user the eodhasto h ntlainalw eodpro olse to listen to person second a allows installation the on headset second A h oiino oe ntemld n hi ui aaees(pitch parameters music their and melody the in tones of position The (pitch parameters music their and melody the in tones of position The h srms aetepsiiiyt hneteotu oueo the of volume output the change to possibility the have must user The u the by changeable be must minute) per beats (in speed playback The h srcnacp rdcietn ugsin ytesse,wihtyt he to try which system, the by suggestions tone decline or accept can user The o-ucinlrqieet .ad15. and 7. requirements Non-functional – ytmrqieet2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 10. requirement Non-functional 4 – and 1. requirements System – h eoywhile melody the uain must duration) , must duration) , ser. system. phmin him lp Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. o-ucinlRequirements Non-functional D.4.4 Requirements Functional D.4.3 6. 1. 1. 4. 3. 2. 2. hsi civdb ipaigtevsa ersnaini oo of color in representation visual the displaying by achieved is This hne,tescn ols oe satv,ads n(atcm atserve last come (last on so and active, positi is to: the token Relates Once last gray. to act in second kept as the displayed be changed, be should representations should visual surface other table’s the on put been has that token it and beat exact an at to: starts Relates tone pitch. every one that exactly so to pitch, assigned and beat nearest the to: Relates volume. and speed to: Relates to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates neeyba,oetn e tigcnb cie nodrt visualize to order In active. be can string per tone one beat, every On h ntlainms ufilalatiue o odusability. good a for attributes all fulfill must installation The user. the impair not shall output and in- between Delay u token each of position current the capture to able be must system The repeat be will tones set the which in area, loop the adjust can user The h iulrpeetto/febc fa cietn oe nteGIshou GUI the on token tone active an of feedback representation/ visual The h ytmms aeacntn oncint h nu eie to devices input the to connection constant a have must system The o-ucinlrqieet . . . 5,ad16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – o-ucinlrqieet . . n 3. and 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. – and 1. requirements User – 2. requirement System – 2. and 1. requirements User – 4. and 3. requirement User – 2. and 1. requirement User – 2. requirement System – uiesrqieet1. requirement Business – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – h oeetsrn,all string, coherent the no h attknis token last the of on hs h attone last the this, v ytesystem. the by ive e h playback the set dinfinitely. ed ..Pe Prototyping Pre- D.4. sed. oi) (v2) logic). a lobe also can dsa to snap ld 241 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Requirements D. 242 10. 6. 9. 8. 5. 3. 7. 4. eae to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates eae to: Relates eae to: Relates (v2) frets. two to: Relates to: Relates h nefc hudhv lal nesadbedsg yadheri by design understandable clearly a have should interface The h ice rcso utntece h uioytrsodo about of threshold auditory the exceed not must precision pitches The h ntlainsol eotmzdfraitrcintm rmtret three from time interaction a for optimized be should installation The h ytmsol eal opa tmlde iha es 8 bpm. 180 least at with melodies at play to able be should system The (v3) minimum. absolute an at be must failure Mechanical user the of fears interaction initial minimize to has installation The playfulness. integrate must system The h al hudnthv on shape round a have not should table The o-ucinlrqieet 4 n 16. and 14. requirements Non-functional – – srrqieet3. requirement User – 10 and 8 7, 2., requirements System – 3. and 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – ytmrqieet1. requirement System – l srrequirements user All – srrqieet .ad2. – and 1. requirements User – 4. and 3. 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – requirements user All – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – ytmrqieet4 requirement System ytmrqieet5 requirement System gt einknowledge. design to ng .(v2) s. ± fenminutes. fifteen o 8c e n t sb e t w e e n Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. uiesRequirements Business Evaluation D.5.1 Second Pre- D.5 14. 13. 11. 16. 15. 12. 2. 1. eae to: Relates eae to: Relates way. fun and alternative knowledge. musical to: with Relates people for work also should eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates h ytmsol naeteue ihmscb etn i/e cre him/her letting by music with user the engage should system The h eeomn ot ftepoetms o xed10 Euro 1700 exceed not must project the of costs development The (v2) appealing. visually be to needs system The (v3) reconfigured. be to needs rarely system The her. or him for impediment an be not should user the of size The t to due system the using in disadvantage no have users Colour-blind replace). (to inexpensive be must tokens The h kl ftetre ru eadn ui slwo o-xsat but non-existant, or low is music regarding group target the of skill The ytmrqieet2. requirement System – requirements user All – o-ucinlrqieet . . . . . 0,ad14. and 10., 5., 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – requirements user All 2. – and 1. requirements System – requirements user All – o-ucinlrqieet .ad8. and 5. requirements Non-functional 5 – and 2. requirements System 3. – and 1. requirements Business – – 2. requirement System – requirements user All – 2. requirement System – 2. requirement Business – ytmrqieet8 requirement System ..Pe eodEvaluation Second Pre- D.5. erlimitation. heir t eoisi an in melodies ate h system the 243 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Requirements D. 244 .. ytmRequirements System D.5.2 1. 6. 5. 3. 4. 3. 7. 4. 2. (v3) eae to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates eae to: Relates di the distinguishing problems OSC or MIDI like protocol, music to: a Relates thesis), this of part mechatronical to: Relates eae to: Relates h ciiista h ytmealsteue opromaentcol not are perform to user the enables system the that activities The h ytmnest iulz oekn foinainfrteue,s user, the for orientation of kind some visualize to needs system The h ntlainsol trc oecsoes(..i museum) a in (e.g. customers more attract should installation The h ntlainms rdc ui ihaao utrstrings. guitar analog with music produce must installation The headphones. via output be must music generated The wearables). (no tangible be must user the from input The year a of quarters three the for time development maximum The o h nefc omncto ewe h U n h nlgmsclout musical analog the and MUI the between communication interface the For h rte otaems u nmcootolr,lk h Arduin the like microcontrollers, on run must software written The o-ucinlrqieet . . . 2,1. n 14. and 13., 12., 5., 3., 2., requirements Non-functional – 1. requirement Business – o-ucinlrqieet 5 n 16. and 15. requirements Non-functional – 1. requirement Business – 5. requirement Non-functional – 14. and 12., 4., requirements Non-functional – requirements user All – ucinlrqieet10 requirement Functional 2. – and 1. requirements User – 9 and 7 requirements System – 8. requirement Non-functional – 2. requirement System – requirements user All – rn osbeba n ic oiin o h oetokens. tone the for positions pitch and beat possible erent utb sd (v3) used. be must , aoaiei nature. in laborative hth a fewer has he that o rRsbryPi. Raspberry or o u (the put Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. srRequirements User D.5.3 11. 10. 8. 1. 3. 2. 9. (v2) eae to: Relates to: Relates user. the by changeable be to: Relates user. the by set be to: Relates it. creates user the to: Relates eae to: Relates eae to: Relates eodhasto h ntlainalw eodpro olse t listen to person second a allows installation the on headset second A h oiino oe ntemld n hi ui aaees(pitch parameters music their and melody the in tones of position The (pitch parameters music their and melody the in tones of position The h lyaksed(nbasprmnt)ms ecagal yteu the by changeable be must minute) per beats (in speed playback The change. to easy be must mechanism creation sound the on strings guitar The (v3) possible. as software source open much as contain should system The non-programmers/exter by maintainable be must work this of product The ytmrqieet n 9 and 3 requirements System – o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 10. requirement Non-functional 4 – and 1. requirements System – 15. and 7. requirements Non-functional 8 – and 5 requirements System – o-ucinlrqieet .ad15. and 7. requirements Non-functional – – ytmrqieet n 7 and 3 requirements System – 2. requirement Business – ytmrqieet5 requirement System ..Pe eodEvaluation Second Pre- D.5. h eoywhile melody the o uain must duration) , must duration) , ser. a personnel. nal (v3) 245 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Requirements D. 246 .. ucinlRequirements Functional D.5.4 4. 1. 4. 3. 2. 6. 5. ufc,arno uei en eetdaddslydo h U,wi GUI, the to: on displayed Relates and itself. selected token being the is as tune random a surface, it and beat exact an at to: starts Relates tone pitch. every one that exactly so to pitch, assigned and beat nearest the to: Relates volume. and speed to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates melody. harmonious more a creating to: Relates h ytmms eal ocpuetecretpsto fec oe u token each of position current the capture to able be must system The repeat be will tones set the which in area, loop the adjust can user The the of volume output the change to possibility the have must user The h oe oe satp ftkn ihdi with tokens of type a is token joker The h iulrpeetto/febc fa cietn oe nteGIshoul GUI the on token tone active an of feedback representation/ visual The h srcnacp rdcietn ugsin ytesse,wihtyt he to try which system, the by suggestions tone decline or accept can user The h ytmms aeacntn oncint h nu eie to devices input the to connection constant a have must system The o-ucinlrqieet . . . 5,ad16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – srrqieet1 n 2. and 1. requirement User – 2. and 1. requirements User – 4. and 3. requirement User – 2. and 1. requirement User – 2. requirement System – 16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – 16. and 15., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – 1. requirement Business – rn egh hnbigpto h tables the on put being When length. erent htesm length same the th e h playback the set system. dinfinitely. ed sed. a lobe also can npto snap d phmin him lp Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 10. 5. 6. 9. 8. 7. hsi civdb ipaigtevsa ersnaini oo of color in representation visual the displaying by achieved is This hne,tescn ols oe satv,ads n(atcm atserve last come (last on so and active, positi is to: the token Relates Once last gray. to act in second kept as the displayed be changed, be should representations should visual surface other table’s the on put been has that token neato ra hsgvsifrainaottecretpsto n wi horizontal pitches. s to: and the positions/ the Relates and position possible with bars current all and the loop of height the about dependence same at information in the gives located at thus also visualized area, scale, interaction be A to itself. need token bars the loop the at and played. being are beats the to: of Relates none until played get not finished. is tone the until position to: it’s Relates at stays GUI the on token. to: loop Relates the of, beginning the from whole. a as to: deactivated Relates gets token layed later the fatn oe’ ullnt sitrutdb opbr h oeis tone the bar, loop a by interrupted is length full token’s tone a If foepr fatn oe vraso h aeba n tigwt nte ton another with string and beat same the on overlaps token tone a of part one If fatn oe espto etwihi en lyda h oet th moment, the at played being is which beat a on put gets token tone a If neeyba,oetn e tigcnb cie nodrt visualize to order In active. be can string per tone one beat, every On fatn oe esmvdwieisbigpae,tevsa repre visual the played, being its while moved gets token tone a If fteue oe oetkn ie ttehrzna odr ftein the of borders horizontal the at lines token, tone a moves user the If ytmrqieet2. requirement System – o-ucinlrqieet . . n 3. and 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 5 requirement Functional 2. and – 1. requirements User – 2. requirement System – ytmrqieet2. requirement System 2. and – 1. requirements User – 2. requirement System 2. and – 1. requirements User – 2. requirement System 2. and – 1. requirements User – 2. requirement 6 System and – 2., 1., requirements User – 5 requirement Functional 2. and – 1. requirements User – ..Pe eodEvaluation Second Pre- D.5. h oeetsrn,all string, coherent the no h attknis token last the of on etto ftetone the of sentation en lydutl or until, played being hs h attone last the this, v ytesystem. the by ive t ftetoken the of dth odr fthe of borders eato area teraction oi) (v3) logic). m it as width ame oe does token e token, e 247 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .Requirements D. 248 .. o-ucinlRequirements Non-functional D.5.5 6. 1. 8. 5. 3. 2. 7. 4. eae to: Relates eae to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates eae to: Relates eae to: Relates to: Relates h nefc hudhv lal nesadbedsg yadheri by design understandable clearly a have should interface The h ntlainsol eotmzdfraitrcintm rmtret three from time interaction a for optimized be should installation The ea ewe n n uptsalntipi h user. the impair not shall output and in- between Delay ehnclfiuems ea naslt iiu.(v3) minimum. absolute an at be must failure Mechanical user the of fears interaction initial minimize to has installation The playfulness. integrate must system The usability. good a for attributes all fulfill must installation The h ytmsol eal opa tmlde iha es 8 bpm. 180 least at with melodies at play to able be should system The o-ucinlrqieet 4 n 16. and 14. requirements Non-functional – – l srrequirements user All – 1. requirement Business – ytmrqieet . ,8ad10 and 8 7, 2., requirements System – 3. and 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – 2. requirement System – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – srrqieet3. requirement User – o-ucinlrqieet . . .ad4. and 3. 2., 1., requirements Non-functional – requirements user All – requirements user All – 1. requirement Business – ytmrqieet4 requirement System gt einknowledge. design to ng .(v2) s. fenminutes. fifteen o Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 14. 13. 10. 16. 15. 12. 11. 9. eae to: Relates to: Relates (v2) frets. two hudas okfrpol ihmsclknowledge. musical to: with Relates people for work also should eae to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates to: Relates h ice rcso utntece h uioytrsodo about of threshold auditory the exceed not must precision pitches The h ytmnest evsal peln.(v2) appealing. visually be to needs system The (v3) reconfigured. be to needs rarely system The her. or him for impediment an be not should user the of size The t to due system the using in disadvantage no have users Colour-blind replace). (to inexpensive be must tokens The shape round a have not should table The h kl ftetre ru eadn ui slwo o-xsat but non-existant, or low is music regarding group target the of skill The ytmrqieet2. requirement System – requirements user All – 2. – and 1. requirements User – l srrequirements user All – o-ucinlrqieet .ad8. and 5. requirements Non-functional 5 – and 2. requirements System 3. – and 1. requirements Business – – 2. requirement System – requirements user All – 2. requirement System – 2. requirement Business – 1. requirement System – ytmrqieet5 requirement System ytmrqieet8 requirement System ..Pe eodEvaluation Second Pre- D.5. erlimitation. heir ± 8c e n t sb e t w e e n h system the 249 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h srbgn omnplt on aaeestruhamxueo exp of mixture a through parameters sound manipulate to begins user The h srcncag h nu seUeCs ) duttepabc spee playback the adjust 2), Case Use (see input the change can user The h srapoce h ntlainadpttehapoe on. headphones the put and installation the approached user The oue(e s ae4 taygvnpito h interaction. the of point given any at 4) Case Use (see volume eutn Questions Resulting xeso Points Extension None. Postconditions Preconditions project. Requirements the Special of point current the at level. Unknown visual a on Events mainly of melodies. is simple Flow user compose the to to tries information r user transmitted are the the construction knowledge mechanical this the on through Based (output) betwe feedback connections acoustic Concrete and tokens. input tangible with interaction Description Melody Create E.1.1 Sketches Pre- E.1 • • • o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business ncagso h srinterface user the of changes en s Cases Use hntemsci created, is music the When seUeCs )and 3) Case Use (see d cgie yteuser. the by ecognized oainadintuitive and loration APPENDIX 251 E Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .UeCases Use E. 252 • • • Software Hardware Input – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – fo ,Badestring). e and B G, (from :Acrigt h xet en nevee,ti savldapp valid a is this interviewed, being experts the to According A: p the restrict Either possibilities: two currently are There A: ce is What unclear. currently is tones playable of number exact The A: availab the of area selected a where approach, loop the uses system The A: ilb sdfrtemld n he tig o h accompaniment. the for strings three and melody the for used be will lydi op h opae a lob hne hogotteuesin users the throughout changed be also can area loop The loop. a in played :Aetetknlmtdt eti e ftns ue/chords? tunes/ tones/ of chord)? set a certain tune, a a to tone, limited (single token token the a Are of Q: metaphor musical the is What Q: :Wa ui rain dtn hlspyi h ytmbsdon? based system the is philosophy editing creation/ music What Q: :Hwcntetkn epteue oudrtn h urn syste current the understand to user the help tokens the can How Q: :Hwd h otaecmoet neatwt ahohr(Interfaces other each with interact components software the system? do the How of Q: components software the are What Q: :Cnteue hoebtenacmaietmlde raete chos they are or melodies accompaniment prevente between be choose system? that user can the How Can intended? Q: as not react? input System the the use should users can How Q: MUI? the of components hardware the are What Q: analogy? created be also accompaniment the Should Q: afterwards repeated be it Will use take? the accompaniment accompany the to often? used does be long How should chords Q: or samples and predefined samples What predefined Q: use or scale necessary. musical if used them the on based composition thr on played be will user the by created melody the that is, moment :I hr n di any there Is be? Q: token one should big How like? Q: look tokens the do How Q: be? to have table the of? does made height table What the Q: is components material/ on? What run software Q: the does hardware What Q: on? based accompaniment the is beat? principle per What played Q: be can tones many How Q: played? be can tones many How exist? Q: do beats bars/ many How Q: rnebtentetkn?Aeteeaydi any there Are tokens? the between erence oc.Trestrings Three roach. rn oe types? token erent siiiyo chord of ossibility egia strings guitar ee status? m ti tthe at rtain )? ebasare beats le nb the by en transpose teraction. sinput? rs ?How d? How ? Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h sreistepeiul rae ui yrarnigtetangi the rearranging by music created previously the edits user The h srcnajs h lyaksed(e s ae3 n oue(e Us (see volume and 3) Case Use (see speed playback the adjust can user The m created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The eutn Questions Resulting interaction. the of point given Points Extension None. Postconditions Preconditions project. Requirements the Special of state current at known Not 1). Case Use (see Events music of creating Flow of principle similar the to according Description Melody Edit E.1.2 • • • • • Feedback Software 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business – – – – – – – – – – :I hr a ouedrc atcfebc eg ubigmotor rumbling (e.g. feedback haptic direct use to user? way the a to there shown Is be Q: t should that feedback feeling to? visual the want What them don’t Q: given they without something supported do be not user does the can How Q: comprehensivel displayed be status system current the can How Q: inde accompaniment the of volume possibil the volume? the adjust overall has to the user possible to the be (if it selected Should be Q: accompaniment the can How Q: :Hwcntesse upr h sr ota i/hrsottr mem term short her his/ that so user, the reduced? support be system can the can loaded? How and Q: persisted be melodies Can Q: :Wa edakde h srgtcnenn h accompaniment? the concerning get user the does feedback What Q: property? status/ system which for used be should colors What Q: l bet.Eiigi done is Editing objects. ble sc(e s ae1). Case Use (see usic y? ae4 tany at 4) Case e s)? t od so)? do to ity ..Pe Sketches Pre- E.1. esystem he pendently r load ory 253 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .UeCases Use E. 254 h srcnei h rae eoy(e s ae2 n oue(e Use (see volume and 2) Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The mu created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The sent and hardware the by recognized gets knob the of position current The t using by slower or faster play melody current the lets user The Preconditions eutn Questions Resulting interaction. the of point Points Extension None. Postconditions speed. set the Requirements to t Special accordingly and strings speed playback the current pluck the to reflect system feedback visual the let’s f p melody the created Events decrease the of or plays Flow increase and let accordingly to reacts able system is The she limit. he/ device, this using .. dutPabc Speed Description Playback Adjust E.1.3 • • • • • • • Input Hardware Software 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business Input – – – – – – :I tgsaebigue,hwbgaethey? are big how used, being bpm? are of stages stages If or Q: bpm between transition continuous Use Q: system? the by allowed being bpm maximum and minimum the are What Q: :Hwde h srrmv/eeearaydfie tones? defined already remove/delete user tones? the defined already does How the change Q: user the does How Q: :Weeo h ntlainsol h eiet dutteplayback the adjust to device the should installation the placed? on Where Q: lstemcarnclpr fthe of part mechatronical the ells eascae nu eie By device. input associated he abc pe ni certain a until speed layback se/slower. aster/ otesfwr which software the to ae4 taygiven any at 4) Case i seUeCs 1). Case Use (see sic pe be speed Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h srapoce h ntlain u h edhnso n rae m created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The by read gets device) input similar (or knob the of position current The th on device input physical a via output volume the adjusts user The h srcnei h rae eoy(e s ae2 n pe seUse (see speed and 2) Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The eutn Questions Resulting interaction. the of point Points Extension None. Postconditions Preconditions volum the Requirements decrease Special or in- which knob. system the the of of position/value part mechatronical the to adju When Events wears. of user Flow returned. the is headphones feedback via visual and/or output haptic gets then volume sound .. dutPabc Volume Description Playback Adjust E.1.4 • • • • • • • Feedback Input Hardware 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business Feedback – – – – – – – – :Teue er edhns(e eto 11.2). Section (see headphones wears user The A: :Wa cn hudb sdfrtevsa ersnaino h on v sound the of representation visual the for used be should icons What Q: :Weeo h ntlainwl h eiet duttevlm ep be volume the adjust to device the volume? will the installation adjust the to on chosen Where be Q: should device input What Q: headphones? of pair one than more be there Should Q: :Wa stehpi edakwe unn h nu eiefrth for device input the turning when feedback haptic the is What Q: :Wihdvc hudb sdt upttesound? the output to used be should device Which Q: :Wa cn a eue savsa eahrfor metaphor visual a as used be can icons What Q: speed playback the adjust to used be should device input Which Q: ( at and fast) ntlain h adjusted The installation. e codnl oteset the to accordingly e h adaeadsent and hardware the sc(e s ae1). Case Use (see usic ae3 taygiven any at 3) Case ( slow)? tn h volume, the sting lyakspeed? playback e ? laced? ..Pe Sketches Pre- E.1. olume? 255 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .UeCases Use E. 256 h srcnei h rae eoy(e s ae2,cag h oue(see volume the change 2), Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The mu created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The Preconditions pe seUeCs )a n ie on fteinteraction. the of point Questions given any Resulting at 3) Case Use (see speed Points Extension None. Postconditions moment. the Requirements at Special predictable yet not ambiguities many to Due Events with gets of (interact set Flow suggestion be the to accept token(s) ignore). either the or can for decline help user melody, The the interface. of creation the During Suggestions Decline Description or Accept E.1.5 • • • • • • Feedback Software 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business Input – – – – – – – :Hwde h ugsinvsaiainlo like? look visualization suggestion the does How Q: :We stesgeto ipae?Wa ehia aaeestrigge parameters technical What displayed? suggestion the is When Q: displayed? suggestion the is Where Q: :Wa stergtaon fsgetos h srsol o elta th that feel him. not should from user away The taken being suggestions? of is amount process right the is What Q: :Hwcnteue ceto eln suggestions? decline or accept user the can How Q: non-intrusive? be suggestion the can non-intrusive? How be Q: to need suggestion the Does Q: t rdciei (actively it decline or it) ipae nteuser the on displayed i seUeCs 1). Case Use (see sic s ae4 and 4) Case Use them? r creation e Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h srcncag h nu seUeCs ) duttepabc spee playback the adjust 2), Case Use (see input the change can user The exp of mixture a through parameters sound manipulate to begins user The h srapoce h ntlainadpttehapoe on. headphones the put and installation the approached user The oue(e s ae4 taygvnpito h interaction. the of point given any at 4) Case Use (see volume eutn Questions Resulting xeso Points Extension None. Postconditions Preconditions Requirements project. the Special of point current the at Unknown level. visual a on Events mainly of melodies. is Flow simple user compose the to to tries information r user transmitted are the the construction knowledge mechanical this the on through Based (output) betwe feedback connections acoustic Concrete and tokens. input tangible with interaction Description Melody Create E.2.1 Mockups Pre- E.2 • • • • Software o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business – – – – – – :Tesse sstelo prah hr eetdae fteavailab the of area selected a where approach, loop the uses system The A: :Teeeitfu ascnitn ffu et,teeoesxenb sixteen therefore beats, four of consisting bars four exist There A: :Teue a h osblt opa 3di 23 play to possibility the has user The A: :Wa ui rain dtn hlspyi h ytmbsdon? based system the is philosophy editing creation/ music What Q: lydi op h opae a lob hne hogotteuesin users the throughout changed be also can area loop The loop. a in played tig.Oetn sawy lydo n eti tigt rvn c prevent to string certain one on played always is tone One strings. :Hwd h otaecmoet neatwt ahohr(Interfaces other each with interact components software the system? do the How of Q: components software the are What Q: :Hwmn oe a epae e beat? per played be can tones many How Q: :Hwmn as et oexist? do beats bars/ many How Q: :Hwmn oe a eplayed? be can tones many How Q: rn oe seScin1.)o three on 11.2) Section (see tones erent ncagso h srinterface user the of changes en hntemsci created, is music the When seUeCs )and 3) Case Use (see d cgie yteuser. the by ecognized oainadintuitive and loration asi total. in eats onfusion. ..Pe Mockups Pre- E.2. )? ebasare beats le teraction. 257 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 258 Cases Use E. • • • Input Hardware Feedback – – – – – – – – – – – – – – :Teue a espotdi eemnn h ih e-no tones of set-in right the determining in supported be can user The A: answ be will question this feedback, visual mentioned the from Apart A: di Tokens tone. single a resembles token One A: stat system current the displaying help can’t directly token A the A: of adjustment the for One token. of types two currently are There A: di two has approaches the of One A: :Cretyclr r o en sdfrtedslyo n rpryo s or property any of display the for used being not are colors Currently A: way any in limited not are token The A: ilb lydon. played be will :Hwd h oeslo like? look tokens the do How Q: be? to have table the of? does made height table What the Q: is components material/ on? What run software Q: the MUI? does the hardware of What components Q: hardware the are What Q: h oe.We h oe os’ oe h etro h rectangle the of center sys the dis thy move, explained, area, doesn’t already token interaction as rectan the is, colored the When rectangle a on This of token. token form the Snapp token. a in a feedback snapping. puts than visual larger so-called user with slightly the the responds of and as it use soon recognizes the As by achieved follows: is as This t melody. that a feeling to? the want them don’t given they without something supported do be not user does the can How Q: evaluation comprehensivel displayed following be status system current the can How Q: prevente be that can How intended? as not react? input System the the use should users can How Q: chord)? a tune, a tone, (single token length. a of metaphor musical corresponding the the is of What color Q: the has and token. itself the token beneath the rectangle than colored larger a slightly displays token the recognizing tones. for metaphor physical a as acts one and defined. more di nothing should currently token is area approac there loop second token, The the the in form. of whereas circular form, a rectangular have a token have tokens the approach, :Wa oossol eue o hc ytmsau/property? status/ system which for used be should colors What Q: chords? tunes/ tones/ of set certain a to limited token the Are Q: syste current the understand to user the help tokens the can How Q: di any there Is be? token Q: one should big How Q: rnebtentetkn?Aeteeaydi any there Are tokens? the between erence rn oe oe prahs ntefirst the In approaches. token tone- erent ri it,wihrflcstetone the reflects which width, in er ri omadio atop icon and form in er rn oe types? token erent s u h system the but us, y? status? m lydbeneath played hncreating when automatically hstknis token This l hc is which gle rdi the in ered esystem he n works ing tatus. oparea loop tigit string ?How d? ,the h, tem Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h sreistepeiul rae ui yrarnigtetangi the rearranging by music created previously the edits user The h srcnajs h lyaksed(e s ae3 n oue(e Us (see volume and 3) Case Use (see speed playback the adjust can user The m created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The eutn Questions Resulting interaction. the of point given Points Extension None. Postconditions Preconditions Requirements project. the Special of state current at known Not 1). Case Use Events (see music of creating Flow of principle similar the to according Description Melody Edit E.2.2 • • • • Software 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business – – – adteeoedsly h urn oiini h eoy n th and melody) the in position current the displays therefore (and :N.Mlde a o epritdo odd fteDaigApoc ilbe will Approach Drawing the If loaded. or persisted be not can Melodies No. A: non-funct with interfere would and expensive too be would this No, A: interact the on tone recognized every of consists feedback visual The A: etclai u ihtenaetpth oteue hslosli looks this user the To pitch. nearest the with but axis vertical opsatadlo n a,aln hc oe rmtesatbrt h e the to bar start the from moves which line a bar, end loop and start loop :I hr a ouedrc atcfebc eg ubigmotor rumbling (e.g. 11.. feedback number haptic direct use to way a there Is Q: chords. power chosen user? the to shown be token should feedback the visual moving token. What the When Q: underneath valid. directly considers displayed appli system again same is the rectangle The that position there. a stays to and beat nearest the to horizontally moves use ute,ti ih eapsil diint h installat the to addition possible a be might this further, pursued loaded? and persisted be melodies Can Q: l bet.Eiigi done is Editing objects. ble etercagesnaps rectangle the ke sc(e s ae1). Case Use (see usic ion. aetn fthe of base-tone e oa requirement ional ae4 tany at 4) Case e s)? ..Pe Mockups Pre- E.2. o ra a area, ion gi,the again, so the on es dbar nd 259 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 260 .UeCases Use E. h srapoce h ntlain u h edhnso n rae mu created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The sent and hardware the by recognized gets knob the of position current The t using by slower or faster play melody current the lets user The Preconditions xeso Points Extension None. Postconditions speed. set Requirements the to t Special accordingly and strings speed playback the current pluck the to reflect system feedback visual the let’s f p melody the created Events decrease the of or plays Flow increase and let accordingly to reacts able system is The she limit. he/ device, this using .. dutPabc Speed Description Playback Adjust E.2.3 • • • • o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business Input – – – :Altknuigapoce eeeeitn oe yrmvn h oe fr token the removing by tones existing delete approaches using token All A: di are there approach, the on Depending A: h rwn prahhsn nedditrcint hnetetn len tone the change to interaction intended no has Approach Drawing The hmwt h rsr h eodtnil neato eieo this of device interaction tangible tone second deletes the Approach eraser, Drawing the The with tabletop. them the on surface interaction pen. interaction the the follows over tone pen the the of moving representation and visual tok pen continuou the the by the moving this with simply tone achieves tone by Approach the existing achieved Drawing Changing be The length. can surface. its token interaction change using to approaches again the set in and th toke deleted Changing the therefore turning be length. by achieved desired is the tokens its to cylindrical token change the the to token, with rectangular length token the another With with tones. replaced defined the of tones? position defined already the change user the does How Q: mem term short her his/ that so user, the reduced? support be system can the can How Q: :Hwde h srrmv/eeearaydfie tones? defined already remove/delete user the does How Q: rn aso hnigtelnt and length the changing of ways erent lstemcarnclpr fthe of part mechatronical the ells eascae nu eie By device. input associated he abc pe ni certain a until speed layback se/slower. aster/ otesfwr which software the to i seUeCs 1). Case Use (see sic at- clockwise. (anti-) n ufc,whereas surface, approach. l ocigan touching sly ytouching by s t.I must It gth. l utbe must elf no the on en r load ory position mthe om tone e Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h srajsstevlm uptvaapyia nu eieo th on device input physical a via output volume the adjusts user The C Use (see volume and 2) Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The h srapoce h ntlain u h edhnso n rae m created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The by read gets device) input similar (or knob the of position current The Postconditions Preconditions volum the Requirements decrease Special or in- which knob. system the the of of position/value part mechatronical the to adju When Events of wears. Flow user returned. the is headphones feedback via visual and/or output haptic gets then volume sound Questions Resulting interaction. the of point .. dutPabc Volume Description Playback Adjust E.2.4 • • • • • • • Feedback Input Hardware o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business Software – – – – – – – :A es 8 p utb osbe(e uscin9). Subsection (see possible be must bpm 180 least At A: :I tgsaebigue,hwbgaethey? are big how used, being bpm? are of stages stages If or Q: bpm between transition continuous Use Q: :Wa stehpi edakwe unn h nu eiefrth for device input the turning when feedback haptic the is What Q: speed playback the adjust to used playback be the should device adjust input to Which device Q: the should installation the placed? on Where Q: system? the by allowed being bpm maximum and minimum the are What Q: :Wa cn a eue savsa eahrfor metaphor visual a as used be can icons What Q: ( at and fast) ntlain h adjusted The installation. e codnl oteset the to accordingly e h adaeadsent and hardware the sc(e s ae1). Case Use (see usic ( slow)? s )a n given any at 4) ase tn h volume, the sting lyakspeed? playback e ? ..Pe Mockups Pre- E.2. pe be speed 261 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 262 .UeCases Use E. h srcnei h rae eoy(e s ae2,cag h oue(see volume the change 2), Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The mu created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The Use (see speed and 2) Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The .. ceto eln Suggestions Decline Description or Accept E.2.5 Preconditions pe seUeCs )a n ie on fteinteraction. the of point given Questions any Resulting at 3) Case Use (see speed Points Extension None. Postconditions moment. the at Requirements predictable Special yet not ambiguities many to Due with Events gets (interact of set Flow suggestion be the to accept token(s) ignore). either the or can for decline help user melody, The the interface. of creation the During Questions Resulting interaction. the of point Points Extension None. • • • • • • Feedback Input o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business Hardware – – – – – :Teue er edhns(e eto 11.2). Section (see headphones wears user The A: :Wa cn hudb sdfrtevsa ersnaino h sound the of representation visual the for used be should icons What Q: :Weeo h ntlainwl h eiet duttevlm ep be volume the adjust to device the volume? will the installation adjust the to on chosen Where be Q: should device input What Q: headphones? of pair one than more be there Should Q: :Wihdvc hudb sdt upttesound? the output to used be should device Which Q: t rdciei (actively it decline or it) ipae nteuser the on displayed ae3 taygiven any at 3) Case i seUeCs 1). Case Use (see sic s ae4 and 4) Case Use laced? volume? Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h ocle opae ecie ato h neato rawihi which area interaction the on part a describes area loop called so The h srcnei h rae ui seUeCs ) dutteplaybac the adjust 2), Case Use (see music created the edit can user The h srapoce h ntlain u h edhnso n rae a created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The n oue(e s ae4 rcag h copnmn seUeCs )a n give any at 7) Case Use Questions (see Resulting accompaniment the change or interaction. 4) the Case of Use (see volume and Preconditions know. not Currently Events of Flow Requirements it. in Special tone active every repeats indefinitely area Area Description Loop Adjust E.2.6 xeso Points Extension None. Postconditions • • • • • Input Feedback Software Input 2. requirement System – – – – – – – – :Teei eodkn ftkn ihwihteue sal ochange to able is user the which with token, of kind second a is There A: :Hwde h ugsinvsaiainlo like? look visualization suggestion the does How Q: :Hwcnteue ceto eln suggestions? decline or accept user the can How Q: non-intrusive? be suggestion the non-intrusive? can be How to Q: need th suggestion that the feel Does him. not Q: should from user away The taken being suggestions? of is amount process right the is What Q: trigge parameters technical What displayed? suggestion the is When Q: displayed? suggestion the is Where Q: :Hwde h srcag h oparea? area. loop the change user the does How Q: pe seUeCs 3) Case Use (see speed k e yteue.This user. the by set s melody. ..Pe Mockups Pre- E.2. them? r creation e h loop the point n 263 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .UeCases Use E. 264 h srcnei h rae ui seUeCs ) dutteplayb the adjust 2), Case Use (see music created the edit can user The positi turning the beneath is powe chord a power of defined form the the of in tone accompaniment, base the The change and set to able is user The h srapoce h ntlain u h edhnso n rae a created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The n oue(e s ae4 rcag h opae seUeCs )a n ie on of point given any at 6) Case Use (see Questions area Resulting loop the change or 4) Case interaction. Use (see volume and Preconditions name. unknown. tones Currently base the to Events next LED of in glowing Flow the a beneath of knob help turning the one with has highlighted bar Each him. to available bars four the xeso Points Extension None. Postconditions Description Accompaniment Set E.2.7 • • Software Feedback – – – – – :Oepwrcod sstfroebr h oe hr trswt h fir the with starts chord power The bar. one for set is chords power One A: way simple a is It user. the accompany to used be will chords Power A: p the restrict Either possibilities: two currently are There A: bars vertical two of help the with visualized being is area loop The A: :Wa rnil steacmaietbsdon? based accompaniment the is principle What Q: :Hwi h opae en ipae oteuser? the to displayed being area loop the is How Q: :Sol tb osbet duttevlm fteacmaietinde accompaniment the of volume smaller the volume? is adjust overall it to the if possible to area, be loop it (or Should bar Q: coherent the of beat last bar). the with ends afterwards and repeated be it Will take? accompaniment the often? does long mel How every Q: to fits strings. computation, three runtime on use no played the needs accompany melody, to users used the be should chords or samples and predefined samples What predefined Q: use or scale necessary. musical if used them the on based composition area. interaction c pe seUeCs 3) Case Use (see speed ack no h nbadwl be will and knob the of on melody. hr,frec of each for chord, r siiiyo chord of ossibility eato surface. teraction d n a be can and ody fsupporting of costhe across pendently transpose sinput? rs hnone than tbeat st How ? the Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. e sue o h atpsiiiyo ntnil nu eie Thi device. input tangible an of possibility last the for used is cir pen a A only not surface, interaction the on token a places user the as soon As itst hoefo.A ona h srpae oe nteinteracti the on token a places user the as soon As from. choose to rectan widths with music create to from re choose the to of tokens tokens several the has using user by The achieved solely is melody a of creation The hc ie nomto bu h ciiyo h oe,btas a,wh bar, a also but token, the of activity the about information gives which d The tokens. cylindrical with approach blank the to applies also This sti apn,teodtn ssopdadanwtn ihtenwpitc new the with tone Events new of a Flow curren and the stopped of is range tone the position. old tip. beyond respective the its moves or with happens, surface pen this interaction the as the lifts over either drawn user and the user the by up length. di of tokens no ne the played. tone, be active to an pl continued d already be is is is will tone it there and as old where active played, the position considered not a and is is at tone tone placed the is the colored, grey, token is is rectangle rectangle the infor the ar If provides If There which user. token, played. the the is to conside it beneath is longer directly token the appears the is, rectangle of token width a The wider depth. The or length. height tone in for not cov but is width, devices in input other through system the with interaction other Description Melody Create Evaluation E.3.1 First Pre- E.3 oesle,aatfo h omo h oes ntedtriaino th of determination the in tokens, the of form the from apart lies, tokens • • • Feedback Input Hardware – – – :Tecretacmaietfroebri ihihe iha cieLDat LED active an with highlighted is bar one for accompaniment current The A: strings lower three the on analogy play be will accompaniment the Yes, A: :Teue a hoetepwrcod aetn o ahbar. each for tone base chords power the choose can user The A: :Wa edakde h srgtcnenn h accompaniment? the concerning get user the does feedback What Q: :Cnteue hoebtenacmaietmlde raete chos they are or melodies accompaniment between choose system? user the Can Q: installation. the of part mechanical analogy? created be also accompaniment the Should Q: oe hr a tsbs oewitnnx oit. to eac next Additionally, written chord. tone power base the it’s sets has which chord knob, power the of settings current rn it ee eas h oelnt sdtrie yrotatin by determined is length tone the because here, width erent ainaotiscretstate current its about mation ee ncieb h system. the by inactive eemed oeo h -xs ssoon As y-axis. the on tone t eahrclpni picked is pen metaphorical s e oeed sso as soon as ends tone new A rdi h te s cases. use other the in ered i ortknwt di with token four e e hsclmethaphor physical a red ua oes hydi They tokens. gular ydb h ytm fa If system. the by ayed pcieapoc.Every approach. spective rnet h rectangular the to erence oe sstt inactive to set is token w oelnt.Teeare There length. tone e nsrae projected a surface, on ..Pe is Evaluation First Pre- E.3. l per eo it, below appears cle c eel h tone the reveals ich ssatda the at started is h h tokens. the g possible h nb the by en fthe of erent the er 265 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .UeCases Use E. 266 h srapoce h ntlainadpttehapoe on. headphones the put and installation the approached user The h srcncag h nu seUeCs ) duttepabc spee playback the adjust 2), Case Use (see input the change can user The oue(e s ae4 taygvnpito h interaction. the of point given any at 4) Case Use (see volume xeso Points Extension None. Postconditions Preconditions eutn Questions Resulting pca Requirements project. the Special of point current the at Unknown • • • • • Software o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business Hardware – – – – – – – – – :Tefis oe ob lcdo eti etwl epae sln sit as long as played be will beat certain a on placed be to token first The ou A: sorted be will tones Multiple beat. per tone one plays system The A: availab the of area selected a where approach, loop the uses system The A: :Teeeitfu ascnitn ffu et,teeoesxenb sixteen therefore beats, four of consisting bars four exist There A: :Teue a h osblt opa 3di 23 play to possibility the has user The A: lydi op h opae a lob hne hogotteuesin users the throughout changed be also can area loop The loop. a in played :Wa ui rain dtn hlspyi h ytmbsdon? based system the is philosophy editing other? creation/ each music with What interact Q: components software system? the the do How of Q: components software the are What Q: :Wa adaede h otaernon? run software the MUI? does the hardware of What components Q: hardware the are What Q: inac ac All the on. whereas so token, blue. and the in removed underneath colored gets rectangle ther is it gray laid rectangle as a been long by has as visualized which played are token be the will removed, token gets removed token the If there. principle. serve first come :Wa apn hnmlil oe overlap? tones multiple when happens What Q: exist? do beats bars/ many How Q: :Hwmn oe a eplayed? be can tones many How Q: :Hwmn oe a epae e beat? c per prevent played to be string can certain tones one many on How played Q: always is tone One strings. rn oe seScin1.)o three on 11.2) Section (see tones erent seUeCs )and 3) Case Use (see d asi total. in eats onfusion. fe h now the after e ytefirst the by t ietoken’s tive ebasare beats le ietoken tive teraction. lays Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. • • Feedback Input – – – – – – – – – – – – :Teue a espotdi eemnn h ih e-no tones of set-in right the determining in supported be can user The A: answ be will question this feedback, visual mentioned the from Apart A: f of form the in covered is input special on behaviour system’s The A: di Tokens tone. single a resembles token One firs A: the and token the of feedback visual the but can’t, itself Token the A: of adjustment the for One token. of types two currently are There A: di two has approaches the of One A: :Cretyclr r o en sdfrtedslyo n rpryo s or property any of display the for used being not are colors Currently A: way any in limited not are token The A: etclai u ihtenaetpth oteue hslosli looks this user the To pitch. nearest the with but axis vertical :I hr n di any there Is be? token Q: one defined. should more big di How nothing should currently Q: token is area approac there loop second token, The the the in form. of whereas circular form, a rectangular have a token have tokens the approach, oapsto httesse osdr ai.We oigtetoken the moving token. the When underneath valid. directly considers displayed appli system again same is the rectangle The that position there. a stays rectangle to and the beat of center nearest sys the the di thy move, to explained, area, doesn’t already horizontally token interaction as rect moves the is, colored the When rectangle a on This of token. token form the Snapp token. a in a feedback snapping. puts than visual larger so-called user with slightly the the responds of and as it use soon recognizes the As by achieved follows: is as This t melody. that a feeling to? the want them don’t given they without something supported do be not user does the can How property? Q: status/ system which for used be should colors What Q: evaluation comprehensivel displayed following be status system current the can How Q: thesis. this of course further prevente the be in that requirements can How intended? as not react? input System the the use should users chords? can tunes/ How tones/ Q: of set certain a to limited token the chord)? Are a Q: tune, a tone, (single token length. a of metaphor musical the is What Q: syste current the can understand functionality serve to user the help tokens tones. the for can metaphor How physical Q: a as acts one and :Hwd h oeslo like? look tokens the do How Q: be? to have table the of? does made height table What the Q: is components material/ What Q: rnebtentetkn?Aeteeaydi any there Are tokens? the between erence rn oe oe prahs ntefirst the In approaches. token tone- erent ri it,wihrflcstetone the reflects which width, in er ri omadio atop icon and form in er etercagesnaps rectangle the ke ..Pe is Evaluation First Pre- E.3. rn oe types? token erent y? pae beneath splayed status? m hncreating when automatically nl hc is which angle oefirst come t rdi the in ered gi,the again, esystem he n works ing tatus. unctional so the on es oparea loop ?How d? ,the h, tem 267 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 268 .UeCases Use E. ihteDaigApoc,teue a hnetnsb ocigtevi the touching by tones change can user the Approach, Drawing the With h srapoce h ntlain u h edhnso n rae mu created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The the exchanging by tokens rectangular the with changed be can length tone The Preconditions xeso Points Extension None. Postconditions Requirements project. the Special of state current at known Not Events th touching of ton by Flow in erased change is The pullin sound up. and The eraser. held pen tone. the is the the touch of recreating the tip and while the deleting position with desired surface new interaction the the on token the soun of removal The shrinks. f bar tok grows the tokens. token the direction, removing the rotate opposite under must the bar user the in displayed the in rotated visually length, done the the tone is clockwise, on the tokens rotated toke change moved cylindrical the To be with removes token. must simply position rectangular token user and the pitch a tone, melody, the a Changing the delete in To position area. interaction the and pitch on the present already are tokens that is, usi case heights and use table. lengths this the tone of changing precondition means a case that this in music Editing Description Melody Edit E.3.2 • • • o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business – – adteeoedsly h urn oiini h eoy n th and melody) the in position current the displays therefore (and :N,ti ol etoepnieadwuditreewt non-funct with interfere would and expensive too be would this No, A: interact the on tone recognized every of consists feedback visual The A: opsatadlo n a,aln hc oe rmtesatbrt h e the to bar start the from moves which line a bar, end loop and start loop ubr11.. number chords. power chosen user? the to shown be should feedback visual What Q: :I hr a ouedrc atcfebc eg ubigmotor rumbling (e.g. feedback haptic direct use to way a there Is Q: o ett ih,adi tis it if and right, to left rom iulrpeetto with representation visual e rmteitrcinarea. interaction the from n si civdb h user the by achieved is ds gtkn.Ti means, This tokens. ng tars h al to table the across it g eghi civdby achieved is length e aewya ihthe with as way same h neato raof area interaction the ulrpeetto of representation sual i seUeCs 1). Case Use (see sic -o -xso the of x-axis or y- n ftetknis token the If en. oes ochange To tokens. aetn fthe of base-tone e oa requirement ional s)? o ra a area, ion dbar nd Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h srcnajs h lyaksed(e s ae3 n oue(e Us (see volume and 3) Case Use (see speed playback the adjust can user The h urn oiino h nbgt eonzdb h adaeadsent and hardware the by recognized gets knob the of position current The knob according the turn to has user the speed, playback the adjust To ytmt lc h tig codnl otestspeed. set Requirements the to t Special accordingly and strings speed playback the current pluck the to reflect system feedback visual the let’s rabbit). visu Events running is of a knob Flow and the tortoise of (a purpose icons The specific surface. of interaction the below table, Speed Description Playback Adjust E.3.3 Questions Resulting interaction. the of point given • • • uiesrqieet1. requirement Business Input Software – – – – :Altknuigapoce eeeeitn oe yrmvn h oe fr token the removing by tones existing delete approaches using token All A: di are there approach, the on Depending A: h not in user the help does functionality serve first come first The A: be will Approach Drawing the If loaded. or persisted be not can Melodies No. A: h rwn prahhsn nedditrcint hnetetn len tone the change to interaction intended no has Approach Drawing The :Hwcntesse upr h sr ota i/hrsottr mem term short her his/ that so user, the reduced? installat support be the system can to the addition can How possible Q: a be might this further, pursued hmwt h rsr h eodtnil neato eieo this of device interaction tangible tone second deletes the Approach eraser, Drawing the The with tabletop. them the on surface interaction tones? defined already remove/delete user the pen. interaction does the the How follows over Q: tone pen the the of moving representation and visual tok pen continu the the by the moving this with simply tone achieves tone by Approach the existing achieved Drawing Changing be The length. can surface. its token interaction change using to approaches again the set in and th toke deleted Changing the therefore turning be length. by achieved desired is the tokens its to cylindrical token change the the to token, with rectangular length token the another With with tones. replaced defined the of tones? position defined already the change user the does How Q: placement. token the in order its and token each loaded? and persisted be melodies Can Q: rn aso hnigtelnt and length the changing of ways erent lstemcarnclpr fthe of part mechatronical the ells lzdt h srb h use the by user the to alized ntelf ieo the of side left the on otesfwr which software the to ..Pe is Evaluation First Pre- E.3. at- clockwise. (anti-) n ion. vn oremember to aving ul ocigan touching ously ae4 tany at 4) Case e ufc,whereas surface, approach. ytouching by s t.I must It gth. l utbe must elf no the on en r load ory position mthe om tone e 269 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .UeCases Use E. 270 oajs h lyakvlm,teue a otr h codn knob according the turn to has user the volume, playback the adjust To Use (see volume and 2) Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The mu created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The al,blwteitrcinsrae h ups fteko svisu is di knob a with the speaker of (two purpose icons The specific surface. of interaction the below table, Questions Resulting interaction. the of point Points Extension None. Postconditions Preconditions .. dutPabc Volume Description Playback Adjust E.3.4 lwo Events of Flow • • • • • • Input Hardware Software o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System Feedback – – – – – – – :A es 8 p utb osbe(e uscin9). Subsection (see possible be must bpm 180 least At A: :Atrl a hsna eahrfrso lyakadahr samtpo f metaphor a as hare a and playback slow for metaphor a as chosen was turtle A A: :Atral nbwt iiu n aiu etnswl eused. be will settings maximum and minimum a with knob turnable A A: :I tgsaebigue,hwbgaethey? are big how used, being bpm? are of stages stages If or Q: bpm between transition continuous Use Q: :Wa r h iiu n aiu p en loe ytesystem? the by allowed being bpm maximum and minimum the are What Q: atplayback. fast th for device input the turning when feedback haptic the is What Q: playback the adjust to device the should installation the placed? on Where Q: :Wa cn a eue savsa eahrfor metaphor visual a as used be can icons What Q: speed playback the adjust to used be should device input Which Q: rn ubro on ae mrigfo them). from emerging waves sound of number erent fast lzdt h srb h use the by user the to alized and slow ntelf ieo the of side left the on ae4 taygiven any at 4) Case i seUeCs 1). Case Use (see sic ? lyakspeed? playback e ? pe be speed or Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h srcnei h rae eoy(e s ae2 n pe seUse (see speed and 2) Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The m created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The by read gets device) input similar (or knob the of position current The eutn Questions Resulting interaction. the of point Points Extension None. Postconditions Preconditions volum Requirements the decrease Special or in- which knob. system the the of of position/value part mechatronical the to • • • • • • Feedback Input Hardware 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business – – – – – :Tetoiosfrtesudvlm ilb w paes n a n ve one has One speakers. two be will volume sound the for icons two The A: of position The table. the at headphones of pair two have to planned is It A: :Atral nbwt iiu n aiu etnswl eused. be will settings maximum and minimum a with knob turnable A A: 11.2). Section (see headphones wears user The A: :Wa cn hudb sdfrtevsa ersnaino h sound the of representation visual the for used be should icons What Q: :Weeo h ntlainwl h eiet duttevlm ep be volume the adjust to device the will installation the on Where Q: headphones? of pair one than more be there Should Q: afcrlsi rn fi,rsmln h opposite. th the and resembling volume, it, output of low front the in resembling it, half-circles of front in half-circle volume? the adjust to chosen be should device input What Q: prope unintended imply can it as important, is system. headphones of pair second sound? the output to used be should device Which Q: codnl oteset the to accordingly e h adaeadsent and hardware the sc(e s ae1). Case Use (see usic ae3 taygiven any at 3) Case ..Pe is Evaluation First Pre- E.3. te a multiple has other e laced? volume? te fthe of rties rtical the 271 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .UeCases Use E. 272 fe on hog h urn opae ortms h sri prese is user the times, four area loop current the through going After h srcnei h rae eoy(e s ae2,cag h oue(see volume the change 2), Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The mu created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The curre the of outlines the of consists and visualized is suggestions The Preconditions pe seUeCs )a n ie on fteinteraction. the of point given Questions any Resulting at 3) Case Use (see speed Points Extension None. Postconditions moment. the Requirements at predictable Special yet not ambiguities many to tok Due t filled, a a laying with by Events replaced it of gets accept Flow visualization or the it, so, decline doing thus When and shape. suggestions the ignore can Suggestions Decline Description or Accept E.3.5 • • • • • Software 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business Feedback – – – – :Tesgeto sdslydoeba fe h atpae token. placed last the after beat one displayed is suggestion The A: :Tesgeto ok ieteotie ftevsa ersnaino t of representation visual the of outlines the like looks suggestion The A: th run been has area loop current the after displayed is suggestion A A: i possibility first The possibilities: two currently are There A: rvosypae oe.Tescn osblt sa loih,whic algorithm, an b is tone possibility suitable second most The the selects tones. which played 4.3.3), previously Subsection (see model :Hwi h ugsinselected? suggestion the is How Q: :Weei h ugsindisplayed? suggestion the is Where Q: oetkn(e iue11.8). Figure (see token tone trigge parameters times. technical What displayed? suggestion the is When Q: 4.1.9). Section (see scale pentatonic the from tone random :Hwde h ugsinvsaiainlo like? look visualization suggestion the does How Q: ttknsae h user The shape. token nt nsae visualization. shaped en tdwt suggestion. a with nted kni h displayed the in oken ae naMarkov a on based s i seUeCs 1). Case Use (see sic s ae4 and 4) Case Use eapproaches he sdo the on ased them? r eet a selects h og four rough Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h opae a estb oigtelo a oes h oescnol em be only can tokens The tokens. bar loop the moving by set be can area loop The h srcnei h rae ui seUeCs ) dutteplaybac the adjust 2), Case Use (see music created the edit can user The h srapoce h ntlain u h edhnso n rae a created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The -xs si ersnstetm,adtelo tefi ierel time a is itself loop the and time, the represents it as x-Axis, n oue(e s ae4 taygvnpito h interaction. the of point given any Questions at Resulting 4) Case Use (see volume and Preconditions know. not Currently Events of Flow the as token, bar start the of Requirements left Special the to moved be y-Axis. not the can on token bar loop end Area Description Loop Adjust E.3.6 xeso Points Extension None. Postconditions • • • • Input Feedback Input 2. requirement System – – – – – – :Telo rai en iulzdwt h epo w etclbars vertical two of help the with visualized being is area loop The A: change to able is user the which with token, of kind second a is There A: suggestion’s the into token a laying by suggestions accepts user The A: Because suggestion. the decline, therefore and ingnore, can user The A: :Hwcnteue ceto eln suggestions? sentation. decline or accept user the can How Q: intrusive. not non-intrusive? be suggestion the non-intrusive? can be How to Q: need th suggestion that the feel him. not Does should from Q: user away The taken being suggestions? of is amount process right the is What Q: :Hwi h opae en ipae oteuser? the area. to interaction displayed being area loop the is How Q: area? area. loop the change user the does How Q: tdstigo h ytm The system. the of setting ated pe seUeCs 3) Case Use (see speed k ..Pe is Evaluation First Pre- E.3. melody. a o emoved be not can y iulrepre- visual vdo the on oved fti,i is it this, of costhe across creation e h loop the 273 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .UeCases Use E. 274 h srapoce h ntlainadpttehapoe on. headphones the put and installation the approached user The h srcncag h nu seUeCs ) duttepabc spee playback the adjust 2), Case Use (see input the change can user The exp of mixture a through parameters sound manipulate to begins user The oue(e s ae4 taygvnpito h interaction. the of point given any at 4) Case Use (see volume xeso Points Extension None. Postconditions Preconditions eutn Questions Resulting nnw ttecretpito h project. Requirements the Special of point current the at level. Unknown visual a on Events mainly of melodies. is Flow simple user compose the to to tries information r user transmitted are the the construction knowledge mechanical this the on through Based (output) betwe feedback connections acoustic Concrete and tokens. input tangible with interaction Description Melody Create E.4.1 Prototyping Pre- E.4 • • • • Software o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business – – – – – – :Tesse ly n etprsrn,rsligi aiu fthr of maximum a in resulting string, per beat one plays system The A: availab the of area selected a where approach, loop the uses system The A: :Teue a h osblt opa 3di 23 play to possibility the has user The A: :Teeeitsxenbasi total. in beats sixteen exist There A: lydi op h opae a lob hne hogotteuesin users the throughout changed be also can area loop The loop. a in played :Wa ui rain dtn hlspyi h ytmbsdon? based system the is philosophy editing other? each creation/ music with interact What components Q: software system? the the do of How components Q: software the are What Q: :Hwmn oe a eplayed? be can tones many How Q: beat. :Hwmn as et oexist? do beats bars/ many How Q: :Hwmn oe a epae e beat? c per prevent played to be string can certain tones one many on How played Q: always is tone One strings. rn oe seScin1.)o three on 11.2) Section (see tones erent ncagso h srinterface user the of changes en hntemsci created, is music the When seUeCs )and 3) Case Use (see d cgie yteuser. the by ecognized oainadintuitive and loration onfusion. etnsper tones ee ebasare beats le teraction. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. • • • Input Hardware Feedback – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – :Teue a espotdi eemnn h ih e-no tones of set-in right the determining in supported be can user The A: answ be will question this feedback, visual mentioned the from Apart A: f of form the in covered is input special on behaviour system’s The A: di Tokens tone. single a resembles token One firs A: the and token the of feedback visual the but can’t, itself Token the A: of adjustment the for One token. of types two currently are There A: l it as long as played be will beat certain a on placed be to token last The A: :Tesrnsaerpeetdb oosrd leadgreen. and blue red, colors by represented are strings The A: way any in limited not are token The A: :I hr n di any there Is be? Q: token one should big How like? 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Are a Q: tune, a tone, (single token length. a of metaphor musical the is What Q: syste current the can understand functionality serve to user the help tokens tones. the for can How metaphor physical Q: a as acts one and :Wa apn hnmlil oe overlap? tones multiple when happens What Q: rnebtentetkn?Aeteeaydi any there Are tokens? the between erence ri it,wihrflcstetone the reflects which width, in er rn oe types? token erent y? eoetenow the before e ..Pe Prototyping Pre- E.4. status? m hncreating when oefirst come t ietoken’s tive rdi the in ered esystem he n works ing ietoken tive unctional oparea loop ?How d? tem ays 275 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 276 .UeCases Use E. h srcnajs h lyaksed(e s ae3 n oue(e Us (see volume and 3) Case Use (see speed playback the adjust can user The mu created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The note the rearranging by music created previously the edits user The Preconditions eutn Questions Resulting interaction. the of point given Points Extension None. Postconditions Requirements project. Special the of state current at known Not 1). Case Use Events (see of music Flow creating of principle similar the to according Description Melody Edit E.4.2 • • • o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business – – adteeoedsly h urn oiini h melody) the in position current the displays therefore (and :N,ti ol etoepnieadwuditreewt non-funct with interfere would and expensive too be would this No, A: interact the on tone recognized every of consists feedback visual The A: etclai u ihtenaetpth oteue hslosli looks this user the To pitch. nearest the with but axis vertical opsatadlo n a,aln hc oe rmtesatbrt h e the to bar start the from moves which line a bar, end loop and start loop ubr11.. number token the moving token. the When underneath valid. directly considers displayed applie system again same is the rectangle The that position there. a stays rectangle to and the beat of center nearest the the dis move, to explained, doesn’t already horizontally token as rectan moves the is, colored When rectangle a This of token. form the token. in a feedback than visual larger with slightly responds and it recognizes :I hr a ouedrc atcfebc eg ubigmotor rumbling (e.g. feedback haptic direct use to way a there Is Q: user? the to shown be should feedback visual What Q: oes dtn sdone is Editing tokens. etercagesnaps rectangle the ke i seUeCs 1). Case Use (see sic oa requirement ional ae4 tany at 4) Case e s)? lydbeneath played automatically l hc is which gle o ra a area, ion gi,the again, nthe on s dbar nd Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h srcnei h rae eoy(e s ae2 n oue(e s C Use (see volume and 2) Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The m created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The sent and hardware the by recognized gets knob the of position current The t using by slower or faster play melody current the lets user The eutn Questions Resulting interaction. the of point Points Extension None. Postconditions Preconditions speed. set Requirements the to t Special accordingly and strings speed playback the current pluck the to reflect system feedback visual the let’s f p melody the created Events decrease the of or plays Flow increase and let accordingly to reacts able system is The she limit. he/ device, this using Speed Description Playback Adjust E.4.3 • • • • • • Input Hardware Software 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business – – – – :Teeaen tgsused. stages no are There A: :Cniuu transition. Continuous A: :Smweena h sr oesl ec tb hand. by it reach easily to user, the near Somewhere A: bpm. 200 - 60 A: :I tgsaebigue,hwbgaethey? are big how used, being are stages If Q: :Uecniuu rniinbtenbmo tgso bpm? of stages or bpm between transition continuous Use Q: :Weeo h ntlainsol h eiet dutteplayback the adjust to device the should installation the placed? on Where Q: system? the by allowed being bpm maximum and minimum the are What Q: lstemcarnclpr fthe of part mechatronical the ells eascae nu eie By device. input associated he abc pe ni certain a until speed layback se/slower. aster/ otesfwr which software the to sc(e s ae1). Case Use (see usic s )a n given any at 4) ase ..Pe Prototyping Pre- E.4. pe be speed 277 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 278 .UeCases Use E. h srcnei h rae eoy(e s ae2 n pe seUse (see speed and 2) Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The mu created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The by read gets device) input similar (or knob the of position current The th on device input physical a via output volume the adjusts user The Preconditions eutn Questions Resulting interaction. the of point Points Extension None. Postconditions volum the Requirements decrease Special or in- which knob. system the the of of position/value part mechatronical the to adju When Events wears. of user Flow returned. the is headphones feedback via visual and/or output haptic gets then volume sound .. dutPabc Volume Description Playback Adjust E.4.4 • • • • • • • Feedback Input Hardware 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business Feedback – – – – – – – – :Teue er edhns(e eto 11.2). Section (see headphones wears user The A: :Apotentiometer. A A: :Wa cn hudb sdfrtevsa ersnaino h sound the of representation visual the for used be should icons What Q: :Weeo h ntlainwl h eiet duttevlm ep be volume the adjust to device the volume? will the installation adjust the to on chosen Where be Q: should device input What Q: headphones? of pair one than more be there Should Q: :Wihdvc hudb sdt upttesound? the output to used be should device Which Q: :Wa stehpi edakwe unn h nu eiefrth for device input the turning when feedback haptic the is What Q: speed playback the adjust to used be should device input Which Q: :Wa cn a eue savsa eahrfor metaphor visual a as used be can icons What Q: ( at and fast) ntlain h adjusted The installation. e codnl oteset the to accordingly e h adaeadsent and hardware the ae3 taygiven any at 3) Case ( i seUeCs 1). Case Use (see sic slow)? tn h volume, the sting lyakspeed? playback e ? laced? volume? Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h srcnei h rae ui seUeCs ) dutteplaybac the adjust 2), Case Use (see music created the edit can user The i which area interaction the on part a describes area loop called so The wil therefore, and redesigned completely be to needs case use This h srapoce h ntlain u h edhnso n rae a created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The Description Melody Create Evaluation E.5.1 Second Pre- E.5 give any at 7) Case Use Questions (see Resulting accompaniment the change or interaction. 4) the Case of Use (see volume and Preconditions know. not Currently Events of Flow it. Requirements in Special tone active every repeats indefinitely area Area Description Loop Adjust E.4.6 subsection. Suggestions Decline Description or Accept E.4.5 xeso Points Extension None. Postconditions • • • Feedback Input 2. requirement System – – :Telo rai en iulzdwt h epo w etclbars vertical two of help the with visualized being is area loop The A: change to able is user the which with token, of kind second a is There A: :Hwi h opae en ipae oteuser? the area. to interaction displayed being area loop the is How Q: area? area. loop the change user the does How Q: o ecvrdi this in covered be not l pe seUeCs 3) Case Use (see speed k e yteue.This user. the by set s ..Pe eodEvaluation Second Pre- E.5. melody. costhe across h loop the point n 279 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .UeCases Use E. 280 h srapoce h ntlainadpttehapoe on. headphones the put and installation the approached user The h srcncag h nu seUeCs ) duttepabc spee playback the adjust 2), Case Use (see input the change can user The exp of mixture a through parameters sound manipulate to begins user The h srpt h oetkn notepaigfil n vnulyr eventually and field playing the onto tokens note the puts user The oue(e s ae4 taygvnpito h interaction. the of point given any at 4) Case Use (see volume xeso Points Extension None. Postconditions Preconditions eutn Questions Resulting h rnmte nomto oteue smil navsa level. visual a on Events mainly of melodies. is Flow simple user compose the to to tries information r user transmitted are the the construction knowledge mechanical this the on through Based (output) betwe feedback connections acoustic Concrete and tokens. input tangible with interaction pca Requirements Special • • • • Software o-ucinlrqieet . . . . 6,9,ad10. and 9., 16., 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business – – – – – – :B sn h S rtclo i eilcommunication. serial via or protocol OSC the using By A: :RaTVso rmwr,UiyDadte.E Framework. .NET the and Unity3D framework, ReacTIVision A: :Tesse sstelo prah hr eetdae fteavailab the of area selected a where approach, loop the uses system The A: :Teue a h osblt opa 3di 23 play to possibility the has user The A: :Teeeitsxenbasi total. in beats sixteen exist There A: :Tesse ly n oeprsrn,rsligi aiu fthr of maximum a in resulting string, per tone one plays system The A: lydi op h opae a lob hne hogotteuesin users the throughout changed be also can area loop The loop. a in played :Wa ui rain dtn hlspyi h ytmbsdon? based system the is philosophy editing creation/ music What Q: :Hwd h otaecmoet neatwt ahother? each with interact components software the do How Q: :Wa r h otaecmoet ftesystem? the of components software the are What Q: :Hwmn oe a eplayed? be can tones many How Q: :Hwmn as et oexist? do beats bars/ many How Q: :Hwmn oe a epae e beat? c per prevent played to be string can certain tones one many How on played Q: always is tone One strings. beat. rn oe seScin1.)o three on 11.2) Section (see tones erent ncagso h srinterface user the of changes en hntemsci created, is music the When ajsso eoe them. removes or eadjusts seUeCs )and 3) Case Use (see d cgie yteuser. the by ecognized oainadintuitive and loration onfusion. etnsper tones ee ebasare beats le teraction. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. • • Input Hardware – – – – – – – – – – – – – – :Tesse’ eaiu nseilipti oee ntefr ff of form the in covered is input special on behaviour system’s The A: di Tokens tone. single a resembles token firs One the A: and token the of feedback visual the but can’t, itself Token A: of adjustment the for One token. of types three currently are There A: f of form the in covered is input special on behaviour system’s The A: prov occurs, manipulation where are the to according lines, Colored A: l it as long as played be will beat certain a on placed be to token last The A: :Tbehih s92cm. is height Table A: :Tetbei aeo od h oeso PLA. of tokens the wood, of made is table The A: :Ae sieA1-1 tnadvrinmodel. version standard A515-51G Aspire Acer A: :4 5x1 m h eghi dutdb 5macrigt h oevalue. note the to according 45mm by adjusted is length The mm. 10 x 45 x 45 A: :Tbe ie rjco,cmr n atpcomputer. laptop a and camera projector, video Table, A: :Tetknaentlmtdi n way any in limited not are token The A: top, on symbol note a with tokens note are There A: :Hwcnteue espotdi epn orientation? keeping in supported be user the can How Q: :Wa egtde h al aet be? to have table the does height What Q: :Wa aeil opnnsi h al aeof? made table the is components material/ What Q: :I hr n di any there Is Q: :Wa adaede h otaernon? run software the does hardware What Q: :Hwbgsol n oe be? token one should big How Q: :Wa r h adaecmoet fteMUI? the of components hardware the are What Q: inac ac All the on. whereas so token, and the removed underneath colored. gets ther rectangle are it laid gray rectangle as a been long by has as visualized which played are token be the will removed, token gets removed token the If there. eurmnsi h ute oreo hsthesis. this of course further prevente the be in that requirements can How intended? as not react? input System the the use should chords? users tunes/ can tones/ How of Q: set certain a to limited token the chord)? 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The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 282 Cases Use E. h srapoce h ntlain u h edhnso n rae mu created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The note the rearranging by music created previously the edits user The Preconditions pca Requirements project. the Special of state current at known Not 1). Case Use (see Events music of creating Flow of principle similar the to according Description Melody Edit E.5.2 • • • • o-ucinlrqieet . . . . n 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business Feedback – – – – – adteeoedsly h urn oiini h melody) the in position current the displays therefore (and :N,ti ol etoepnieadwuditreewt non-funct with interfere would and expensive too be would this No, A: interact the on tone recognized every of consists feedback visual The A: tones of set-in right the determining in supported be can user The A: c a using green, and blue red, colors by represented are strings The A: answ be will question this feedback, visual mentioned the from Apart A: etclai u ihtenaetpth oteue hslosli looks this user the To pitch. nearest the with but axis vertical opsatadlo n a,aln hc oe rmtesatbrt h e the to bar start the from moves which line a bar, end loop and start loop :Hwcntecretsse ttsb ipae comprehensivel displayed be status system current the can How Q: ubr11.. number token the moving token. the When underneath valid. directly considers displayed applie system again same is the rectangle The that position there. a stays rectangle to and the beat of center nearest sys the the dis thy move, to explained, area, doesn’t already horizontally token interaction as rectan moves the is, colored the When rectangle a on This of token. token form the Snapp token. a in a feedback snapping. puts than visual larger so-called user with slightly the the responds of and as it use soon recognizes the As by achieved follows: is as This t melody. that a feeling to? the want them don’t given they without something supported do be not user does the can How Q: people. impaired visually support evaluation following :I hr a ouedrc atcfebc eg ubigmotor rumbling (e.g. feedback haptic direct use to way a there Is Q: user? the to shown be should feedback visual What Q: property? status/ system which for used be should colors What Q: oes dtn sdone is Editing tokens. etercagesnaps rectangle the ke i seUeCs 1). Case Use (see sic oa requirement ional y? s)? lydbeneath played lrshm to scheme olor hncreating when automatically l hc is which gle rdi the in ered o ra a area, ion gi,the again, esystem he n works ing nthe on s dbar nd tem Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h srapoce h ntlain u h edhnso n rae m created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The sent and hardware the by recognized gets knob the of position current The t using by slower or faster play melody current the lets user The Us (see volume and 3) Case Use (see speed playback the adjust can user The h srcnei h rae eoy(e s ae2 n oue(e s C Use (see volume and 2) Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The eutn Questions Resulting interaction. the of point Points Extension None. Postconditions Preconditions speed. set the Requirements to t Special accordingly and strings speed playback the current pluck the to reflect system feedback visual the let’s f p melody the created Events decrease the of or plays Flow increase and let accordingly to reacts able system is The she limit. he/ device, this using Speed Description Playback Adjust E.5.3 Questions Resulting interaction. the of point given Points Extension None. Postconditions • • • • • Hardware Software 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business – – :Cniuu transition. Continuous A: :6 0 bpm. 200 - 60 A: :Uecniuu rniinbtenbmo tgso bpm? of stages or bpm between transition continuous Use Q: :Wa r h iiu n aiu p en loe ytesystem? the by allowed being bpm maximum and minimum the are What Q: lstemcarnclpr fthe of part mechatronical the ells eascae nu eie By device. input associated he abc pe ni certain a until speed layback se/slower. aster/ ..Pe eodEvaluation Second Pre- E.5. otesfwr which software the to sc(e s ae1). Case Use (see usic s )a n given any at 4) ase ae4 tany at 4) Case e 283 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 284 .UeCases Use E. h srcnei h rae eoy(e s ae2 n pe seUse (see speed and 2) Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The mu created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The by read gets device) input similar (or knob the of position current The th on device input physical a via output volume the adjusts user The Preconditions eutn Questions Resulting interaction. the of point Points Extension None. Postconditions volum the Requirements decrease Special or in- which knob. system the the of of position/value part mechatronical the to adju When Events of wears. Flow user returned. the is headphones feedback via visual and/or output haptic gets then volume sound .. dutPabc Volume Description Playback Adjust E.5.4 • • • • • • Hardware 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business Feedback Input – – – – – :Apotentiometer. A A: :Smweena h sr oesl ec tb hand. by it reach easily to user, the near Somewhere A: used. stages no are There A: :Wihiptdvc hudb sdt duttepabc speed playback the adjust to used be should device input Which Q: :Wa stehpi edakwe unn h nu eiefrth for device input the turning when feedback haptic the is What Q: playback the adjust to device the should installation the placed? on Where Q: they? are big how used, being are stages If Q: :Wa cn a eue savsa eahrfor metaphor visual a as used be can icons What Q: ( at and fast) ntlain h adjusted The installation. e codnl oteset the to accordingly e h adaeadsent and hardware the ae3 taygiven any at 3) Case ( i seUeCs 1). Case Use (see sic slow)? tn h volume, the sting lyakspeed? playback e ? pe be speed Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. h ocle opae ecie ato h neato rawihi which area interaction the on part a describes area loop called so The h srcnei h rae ui seUeCs ) dutteplaybac the adjust 2), Case Use (see music created the edit can user The h srapoce h ntlain u h edhnso n rae a created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The n oue(e s ae4 rcag h copnmn seUeCs )a n give any at 7) Case Use Questions (see Resulting accompaniment the change or interaction. 4) the Case of Use (see volume and area. loop visuali the corresponding within causes longer Preconditions This no are tokens. that loop areas the both darkening or one rearranges User Events of Flow it. Requirements in Special tone active every repeats indefinitely area xeso Points Extension None. Postconditions .. dutLo Area Description Loop Adjust E.5.5 • • • • • Feedback Input 2. requirement System Feedback Input – – – – – – – :Telo rai en iulzdwt h epo w etclbars vertical two of help the with visualized being is area loop The A: change to able is user the which with token, of kind second a is There A: :Teue er edhns(e eto 11.2). Section (see headphones wears user The A: ra h oesaeebde nawoe rm,alwn oiotlmo horizontal allowing frame, wooden a in embedded are tokens The area. :Hwi h opae en ipae oteuser? the area. to interaction displayed being area loop the is How Q: only. area? loop the change user the does How Q: :Wa cn hudb sdfrtevsa ersnaino h on v sound the of representation visual the for used be should icons What Q: :Weeo h ntlainwl h eiet duttevlm ep be volume the adjust to device the volume? will the installation adjust the to on chosen Where be Q: should device input What Q: headphones? of pair one than more be there Should Q: :Wihdvc hudb sdt upttesound? the output to used be should device Which Q: pe seUeCs 3) Case Use (see speed k e yteue.This user. the by set s ..Pe eodEvaluation Second Pre- E.5. melody. aincagsin changes zation laced? costhe across olume? h loop the vement point n 285 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 286 .UeCases Use E. h srcnei h rae eoy(e s ae2,cag h oue(see volume the change 2), Case Use (see melody created the edit can user The mu created and on headphones the put installation, the approached user The system the by id via recognized table, the on placed is token joker The Preconditions pe seUeCs )a n ie on fteinteraction. the of point given Questions any Resulting at 3) Case Use (see speed Points Extension None. Postconditions Requirements Special displayed. changin also for pitch except according suggestion, Events the new of at user a displayed Flow the is cause by icon not set joker do be a height can and tone token chosen according joker is a note melody, a the scale of creation the During Description Joker Use E.5.6 • • • • • Software 16. and 4., 3., 2., 1., requirements Non-functional 2. requirement System 1. requirement Business Feedback – – – – – :Yes. A: :Teue hudntfe htteceto rcs sbigtknaw taken being is process creation the that feel not should user The A: :Lk oe symbol. joker a Like A: :Tesgeto ilntb ipae uoaial,btajkrsymbol joker a but automatically, displayed be not will suggestion The A: :Teewl o easgeto,tedcso scridott h use the to out carried is decision the suggestion, a be not will There A: :Weei h ugsindisplayed? suggestion the is Where Q: :De h ugsinne ob non-intrusive? be to need suggestion the Does Q: :Wa stergtaon fsuggestions? of amount right the is What Q: :Hwde h ugsinvsaiainlo like? look visualization suggestion the does How Q: :We stesgeto ipae?Wa ehia aaeestrigge parameters technical What displayed? suggestion the is When Q: placed. was token joker the beat, the ae napentatonic a on Based . n oe yblgets symbol joker a and oiin Manipulations position. i seUeCs 1). Case Use (see sic h etposition. beat the g s ae4 and 4) Case Use yfo him. from ay r. them? r per at appears Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. • Input – – :Tecoc fuei pt h user. the to up is use of choice The A: :B arigottecoc oteuser. the to choice the out carrying By A: :Hwcnteue ceto eln suggestions? decline or accept user the can How Q: :Hwcntesgeto enon-intrusive? be suggestion the can How Q: ..Pe eodEvaluation Second Pre- E.5. 287 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. cte Plots Scatter APPENDIX 289 F Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 290 Plots Scatter F. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 291 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 292 Plots Scatter F. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 293 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. 294 Plots Scatter F. Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .. p Values Bpm F.0.1 (a) (e) (c) iueF1 p auspriiat 7 - 0 participants values Bpm F.1: Figure (b) (d) (f) 295 Die approbierte gedruckte Originalversion dieser Diplomarbeit ist an der TU Wien Bibliothek verfügbar. The approved original version of this thesis is available in print at TU Wien Bibliothek. .SatrPlots Scatter F. 296 (a) iueF2 p auspriiat 11 - 8 participants values Bpm F.2: Figure (c) (d) (b)