Sharing learning for change Annual Report 2012/13

Building knowledge

Creating Bringing spaces people together IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 1

The value of shared learning

In June 2012, IIED organised an event on a scale much larger than any in the organisation’s 40-year history. This involved a lot of people in immense effort and a great deal of time, but the result — a two-day conference called Fair Ideas — was full of opportunities for learning and confirmed to staff the value of working together. We may have surprised ourselves in what we achieved but perhaps that shouldn’t have been Contents the case. IIED has specialised in creating opportunities for shared learning around IIED in brief 1 sustainable development over many years. At the centre of our work is a desire to exchange ideas, The value of shared learning 1 to construct solutions with partners who have practical, tried and tested experience, and to hear From our director 2 from networks of people and organisations that From our chair 3 are focused on the themes we cover. Striving to carry out our mission involves Fair ideas 4 constant learning from and with others, information sharing and identification of the Stories from this year: right people to multiply the impact of lessons A rich mix is the right mix 12 learnt. Throughout 2012-13 our staff took part Building knowledge 14 in activities to achieve that end, some of which Creating spaces 28 are outlined in this annual report. They ranged Bringing people together 38 from meetings with ultra-local community groups to supporting country representatives The power of partnerships 54 in negotiations at international level. Perween Rahman (1957-2013) 55 As long as we remain prepared to experiment, Ayub Shaka 56 to be surprised and to work with ideas from Joanna Elliott 57 all sources, then we will be open to shared learning and the many benefits that it brings. Inside IIED 58 Staff list 58 Trustees 60 Donors 60 Responsible operations 62 Financial summary 64 Contact us 66 IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 3

From From our director our chair

Learning is at the heart of IIED’s work, as we seek In June 2012, Brazil hosted the UN Conference on to test out ideas in practice and feed lessons from such Sustainable Development, at which IIED’s Fair Ideas experience back into the world of ideas. Key learning event played a key role, offering positive stories about points from this activity include the fact that context is what makes development sustainable at the grassroots. hugely important, so a ‘good idea’ in one place may not work well elsewhere. Equally, it’s important to engage What have we learned over the 40 years since the with the people who count, moving beyond ‘book first UN conference on the environment, in Stockholm learning’ and getting stuck into practice, if lessons 1972? IIED’s founder Barbara Ward gave the keynote are to become well rooted. Learning is often a social speech 40 years ago, based on the book Only One activity and needs a group to observe, discuss and Earth co-authored with René Dubos. IIED then was one agree the results. of very few organisations addressing local and global sustainability. Now there are many more, but the scale IIED considers itself a learning organisation, but how of the problem and its complexity have multiplied many do we learn, both individually and as a collective group? times over. Then, G7 nations were the dominant powers For us, it’s about making time to reflect on what we have – economically, politically and militarily. While it was achieved, formally through evaluations and informally their consumption patterns that generated the most through discussion. As we’re drawing to the end of our environmental problems and pollution, they also current five year strategy, we have been taking stock of harboured the thinktanks and NGOs that questioned what we’ve learned: what has gone well, and which things patterns of growth and their adverse consequences. might we do differently? Is our theory of change right? What’s the role of evidence in making change happen? Today, and over the course of the next century, a very different pattern of growth is spreading across the Evidence is clearly only one part of achieving change world. Rising incomes and consumption in middle- and towards sustainability. Often there are powerful interests low-income countries will put greater pressure on the that push against such change. Inertia in bureaucratic land, soils, water, biodiversity and forests on which all and political systems also presents a hurdle. And with human life depends. Then, G7 nations failed to bring multilateralism at a low ebb, it has become clear we environmental and social concerns into the heart of are not going to save the world by making global economics, and pushed hard on market-based agreements. Sustainable development needs to get approaches to development. Now we see the costs of built from bottom up, so that global progress can draw living beyond our means – financially and ecologically. inspiration from local and sector-based action. Will the new powers – BRICS and more – follow a more This past year has shown us ever more clearly that sustainable path? Can we learn collectively how to small amounts of funding to support local action can redesign economics and markets? Can we act together have remarkable results, by enabling poor people to with people from across the world so that by 2050 our negotiate more effectively with more powerful actors, world can offer a fair and sustainable future for all? As such as municipal government. But to get more funds Barbara Ward urged in 1972 “we have a duty of hope”. reaching the poor, we need to redesign the financial plumbing, to shift from large flows going to a few Maureen O’Neil people to multiple small flows reaching right down to the grassroots. We’ll build on these and other lessons in the year ahead and in the new strategy beyond. Camilla Toulmin IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 5 In the 20 Those questions were top of the pile at Fair Ideas, years since the the two-day international original Rio Earth conference we organised just before the Rio+20 20 Summit, what summit in June 2012. Rather organisations have we learnt than answer them on our own, we provided the space about solutions for people involved in the for sustainability summit negotiations to 37 and how the world consider the questions sessions together, share information has changed? and ideas, and discuss different policy approaches and research. 158 We asked: how can we speakers share and apply what we know to new contexts so that poor people globally can lead better lives? 1,000 attendees

The Transforming Urbanisation Business Sustainable conference economic models development themes: systems goals Fair Ideas IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 7

Seizing the moment: A seed bed for amplifying ideas good ideas

Liz Carlile, IIED’s director of Steve Bass is head of the communications, gives us the sustainable markets group at IIED background… and was instrumental in convening several events at Fair Ideas The idea went like this: Rio+20’s Our aim was to build ideas through coming up, we’re all a bit sceptical dialogue between people who about these big multilateral might never normally meet. So we I can say unequivocally that Fair There’s no doubt that the event processes and what they can had Unilever in the same room as Ideas was worth doing. It gave was hard work — we were ambitious achieve, but it’s a great chance for the floral buyer from Sam’s Club people the space to share different in the number of sessions we us to do what we’ve done well and Development Alternatives; we perspectives and work out what arranged — and it stretched us before — bring together a cross- had the World Bank, UN Poverty works and what doesn’t. to the limits, but it was a great occasion for capturing good ideas section of people from North and Environment Initiative and Green economy discussions are that otherwise might be lost. In fact, South and hear their views on Ecosystems for Poverty Alleviation at an early stage, policies are still we’ve taken some of those ideas sustainable development. talking about how they could relatively unformed and there are forward already. The Organisation collaborate. These were serious divergent views about the way From that point we moved into for Economic Cooperation and actors and gave the event credibility. forward. Over two days we created organising a major event from a Development, for example, is now opportunities for people to distance, recruiting speakers, Of course, unexpected things working with us in Cambodia, hear from: attracting participants — it was an happened, and we learnt that Zambia and Ethiopia to hold incredible operation and one that preparatory work before the event – the Green Economy Coalition on dialogues about green economy. involved much of the organisation. and follow up very quickly after were the green economy principles its That follows a session at Fair Ideas We didn’t expect to influence the vital for gaining profile for many members had elaborated where it consulted on the issue final text of the summit, but we did different voices. Fair Ideas set us on with participants from least – Amapá state government in Brazil want to amplify the voices of the new roads; it was a lot of work, and developed countries. many people attending. If we could we would do some things differently on their investment ambitions for do that, we could add value. another time, but if the moment’s extractive reserves, and Would we do something like this right, we’ll seize it again. – Development Alternatives on again? Definitely, how the informal sector and but perhaps not social enterprise are building a for another green economy from the few years … bottom up in India. Fair Ideas IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 9 Ideas with traction

Participants in Fair Ideas included many of our partners, university students, media and private sector representatives and negotiators from the summit. Over the two days they shared their thoughts Getting the right It was clear that despite progress There was consensus that the on how to move the world towards sustainability. From on a number of fronts, big social challenges are harder to mix on mining challenges remain: around contract address, as they are less glimpses of a green economy to innovative approaches enforcement and sanctions, understood and there is no Caroline Digby, asymmetry of power, resource ‘technical fix’. to urban growth, and from reflecting on alternative nationalism and community sustainability director, Communities today have business models to presenting well-tested policies benefits. Eden Project higher expectations, are better to reduce inequality, delegates exchanged ideas and In the last ten years, there has connected and more willing to I was part of the session that been significant work done to stand up for their rights. We signalled the way forward. Ideas plus leadership reflected on the mining, minerals develop standards and guidelines agreed that understanding how and action was the message from the event. and sustainable development for the sector with the input and local cultures work takes time project at IIED, ten years on. Our knowledge of diverse stakeholders. but is critical in securing a remit was to consider whether the Participants talked about the social licence to operate. mining sector had improved its Equator Principles, Extractive It was good to see old faces performance and the transition to Industries Transparency Initiative, as well as meet new ones and to I’m sure it will stimulate further It would be useful too to have a sustainable development. Global Reporting Initiative and Continuing the hear from a wide variety of people discussions on issues such as place for storing our examples of International Council on Mining with a stake in making the sector sanitation — issues that are not good practice in sanitation. I’m and Metals, among others. The conversation on more sustainable. It was no mean normally talked about, even among convinced that there is interest in conversation focused on how these achievement and valuable to get sanitation national and international NGOs. this — among ordinary people as guidelines can be interpreted and well as professionals. So it is our Anglo American, WWF, Alliance for The audience for Fair Ideas had rolled out successfully. Édison Carlos, task to make our work and concerns Responsible Mining and the Eden a real chance to hear different accessible and easy to understand. Project in the same room. executive president, perspectives on the environment Trata Brasil Institute all in one place. In fact, I’d really like But, sharing is not enough! More to think how we can carry on this than meetings and discussions, Fair Ideas was a wonderful idea, conversation and not limit it to these events must stimulate people covering important environmental events like this. Perhaps we could to take real and urgent action. “Knowledge is the topics and coming up with create an online group for people Fair Ideas was really dynamic. recommendations for the Rio+20 interested in continuing to share greatest tool for human Congratulations must go to IIED for main summit. thoughts and experience? having the courage to raise so many progress but it won’t complex issues all at once, many of them relevant to the whole planet, suffice — we also as well as to Brazil. need leadership and determination to w o r k t o g e t h e r .” Julia Marton-leFèvre head of the International Union for Conservation of Nature Fair Ideas IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 11 I am because At Fair ideas, someone mentioned the beautiful African proverb we are: making ‘I am because we are’. Successful sustainable development is all about connection. Connecting environmental and social issues and the connections knowledge to decisions, policymakers to scientists and civil society. Connecting who has to who needs. Connecting people for a better that count future, our common future — the future we want. Ana Buarque Ferreira graduate student, Pontifíca Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro

If we continue with ‘business as usual’ Fair Ideas reached Here I found UN Environment we will not overcome the challenges of Programme executive director What happened a global audience Achim Steiner in top form, inequality and unsustainability that the through: slugging it out with hardline next? world now faces – that was the verdict of conservationists about whether – We brought together a every commentator, activist, official and green economics — putting a group of people from 10 dollar price on nature — was part LDC countries to form an expert at Rio+20. So what does that mean? of the solution or part of the independent LDC expert Fair Ideas highlighted many solutions to problem. Would it, as he said, group. This is gaining profile 1,500 “bring nature, the real wealth of and momentum as it environmental scarcity and social views of the live Sidelining failure, the planet, from the invisible to the engages with the post-2015 inequality that are being implemented visible spectrum” in public debate, agenda. Its aim: to promote web stream mainstreaming or “betray the nature of who we leadership from the LDCs at around the world. These, and countless success are as human beings”? the UN level and ensure that ideas still to come, need structures and Here were big wigs from mining international goals for companies like Goldfields and development and systems to move them from local to global Fred Pearce reported sustainability take account Rio+20 for New Scientist consumer goods kings like — to reproduce them at scale for people Unilever laying out their plans of the perspectives and 150 magazine priorities of the LDCs media mentions for more sustainable business around the world. This requires leadership, practices — and defending them The Earth Summit in Rio de – We are one of 12 research in 34 countries against sceptics. collaboration and commitment, but Janeiro last summer was a institutes from around the without it we will not create the fairer shambolic failure. For both activists Not to mention agricultural globe that have joined and journalists like me. Just when researchers and environment forces to form the and sustainable future we want. ministers arrived and it could have ministers, aid bosses and Independent Research got interesting, the UN and their economists, legislators and Forum (IRF 2015), aiming 9 Brazilian hosts shut down discussion futurologists. My notebook filled. to provide expertise and papers published on the final text. All that was left well-grounded analysis “The investment in Rio+20 was certainly A year later, I see that a fifth of were photo-ops and a lowest- to inform the ongoing my notes from the entire two- worthwhile because it got IIED high level visibility and common-denominator final international policy week Rio+20 conference — and re-established the institute as a place where the big statement. processes that will a good deal more of the copy I shape the post-2015 sustainability issues could be debated. It also showed Where was the debate? Where was filed — came from two days spent development agenda. the passion? Most of it, from what I at Fair Ideas. If only it had been how we could pull things together across the whole 5 – We are harnessing the saw, was on display at Fair Ideas, the main event. organisation, and positioned us well to play a part in blogs to promote effort and energy generated ideas from the event the parallel brainstorming event IRF2015 — an international forum for critical set up by IIED. by IIED staff at Fair Ideas to make sure that much thinking about sustainable development goals more cross-organisational and the post-2015 agenda.” working is a major element in our new Camilla Toulmin director, IIED 2014–19 strategy. IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 13

We’ve forged alliances with We’ve also worked out Very few of the projects IIED individuals and organisations that we can be most effective is involved in have just one of ranging from urban slum by broadly working in these elements – many dwellers to global institutes. three ways: combine all three. The stories In between we may work that follow illustrate that well. – By building knowledge with non-government They show how a mix of through research and organisations, ministries, activities and methods yields sharing it with others academics, parliaments, strong results; results that indigenous people’s groups – By creating spaces for may feed into further and the private sector. learning, whether that’s a research projects, directly meeting, a policy process into policy processes or that or a media article contribute to practical actions to take an issue – By bringing people further in the long term. together who might never normally interact, We will always be looking for particularly those who new ways to learn and new are usually excluded from people to learn from. Our formal decision making. work takes us all round the world. What matters to us is that the lessons already learnt by individuals in villages and cities are shared at the national and international level and inform the policies that result in A rich mix is positive change. Building the right mix knowledge We’ve recognised over the years that our research is richer, has greater legitimacy and is more Creating Bringing likely to shape policy in a way that spaces people reflects the agendas of poorer together communities when it is generated in partnership with others. IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 15 Case study: 01 Benefiting directly: urban poor funds

IIED has developed strong links IIED has documented how these Building with organisations and federations funds can not only address the Contact of urban poor groups and slum housing and basic service needs of dwellers through our work to the urban poor but also act as a Anna Walnycki document and support institutions catalyst for leveraging further [email protected] addressing the challenge resources and developing of urban poverty. partnerships with other urban poor Read more groups and local government. A In recent years, these dynamic knowledge special issue of Environment and – Environment & Urbanization, partnerships have involved us in Urbanization in October 2012 October 2012 http://eau. developing urban poor funds and included community leaders sagepub.com/content/24/2.toc managing grants and revolving reflecting on tlessons from the funds. We have documented the –  International funds meet Asian Coalition for Community impact these local funds have had grassroots leadership http:// Action (ACCA) fund. on poor communities. pubs.iied.org/G03210 Alliances facilitate ‘Local funds’ pool money finance and learning from donors and communities Urban poor funds are distributed but leave community networks through federations and coalitions to administer the funding at of urban poor groups such as Slum all levels. These funds give Dwellers International in Africa and direct grants to beneficiaries The Asian Coalition on Housing – in this case, urban poor Rights in Asia. These formal communities – and help regional alliances make the urban stakeholders collaborate to poor legitimate channels for achieve practical and strategic development finance. They provide solutions to urban poverty. opportunities for international and local exchanges and shared This approach is new and cleverly learning. IIED supported this overcomes some of the political process in February 2013 by and institutional blockages that hosting a meeting in London that can obstruct development aid brought together community from reaching the poorest people. leaders, development practitioners and donors to consider the potential of local funds. Building knowledge IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 17 Case study: 02 Fishless oceans? Finding a sustainable way forward

Global fisheries are under increasing threat from climate change and high-tech harvesting is leading to overfishing and habitat destruction. Fish stocks are “We depend on hilsha but my husband cannot go fishing running dangerously low. If current trends continue, because of the ban period. I’ve got a machine from Matshya we are very likely to see ‘fishless oceans’ by 2050. Bibhag (Department of Fisheries) for sewing clothes which helps me to earn enough to buy food and other essentials for the family. We need more support and my husband This would be a tragedy not just But increased demand for the fish, The scheme is not without its flaws. Contact for ocean ecosystems, but for the popular throughout South Asia, has Knowledge gaps highlight the need needs alternative work.” Essam Yassin Mohammed people that rely on them to survive. led to pressure on the fish species. for further research into the effect A woman from a fishing family affected by the ban on hilsha fishing [email protected] Globally, some 43.5 million people Not only is the hilsha in trouble, but sanctuaries have on hilsha stocks work directly in the fisheries sector, so are the 3 million fisherfolk who and also how the scheme is with the great majority in developing directly or indirectly depend on the reaching and affecting fisherfolks, Read more countries. Adding those who work in fish for their livelihood. particularly the poorest and most – IIED blogs: www.iied.org/ associated processing, marketing, marginalised fishing communities. Bangladesh has recognised new-commission-for-ocean- distribution and supply industries, that something needs to be done. Our project, funded by the Darwin crisis and www.iied.org/ the sector supports nearly 200 The government has declared four Initiative, aims to fill this gap by buy-me-ocean-why-we-need- million livelihoods. Managing areas as sanctuaries for the fish. redesigning the scheme. Working in payments-for-coastal-marine- fishing badly puts millions of In return for not fishing in these partnership with the Bangladesh environments livelihoods at risk. areas affected fishing communities Centre for Advanced Studies – Payments for coastal and In 2012 IIED began a programme or households are rewarded (BCAS) and Bangladesh marine ecosystem services: of research to find a way forward. with sacks of rice and alternative Agricultural University (BAU) and in prospects and principles income-generating activities, such collaboration with the Department http://pubs.iied. Creating economic as rickshaws and microcredit to of Fisheries of the Government of org/17132IIED incentives start up small businesses. Bangladesh, we will work with affected communities and The hilsha fish (or Ilish in Bengali) ecosystems to learn about what is is of national importance to working and what is not, and find Bangladesh. It’s one of the country’s ways to improve it. main staple foods. Building knowledge IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 19 Case study: 03 Tweets @IIED How small-scale #farmers make Small-scale #markets work for them. @IIED ‘s latest blog http://bit.ly/RkF6KP #agriculture #globaldev Duncan Green@fp2p farmers and Great paper frm @IIED & @hivos critiques relevance of value chain work to small farmers, suggests alts. Latest on @fp2p http://oxf. the value of a am/3m9 @PhilipTreeAid @fp2p @IIED @hivos Feeling :) global learning because it reflects the approach @Treeaid has taken to non timber forest product value chains in W network #Africa

Since 2009 we have been partners Co-learning takes time, before with Dutch development agency, people talk to one another rather Contact Hivos, in a programme called Small than at each other. But by the Producer Agency in the Globalised second face-to-face meeting in Bill Vorley Market. We’ve combined our Uganda in 2011 the network was [email protected] approach of co-learning through starting to understand the wider Ethel Del Pozo-Vergnes networks with the knowledge implications of the term ‘producer [email protected] generation approach of Hivos, to agency’, restating the question contribute to this debate. Our aim? about smallholders, globalisation To steer policies and practices in a and markets. Read more direction that is better attuned to Asking how the poor are making – Global and regional insights the reality of small-scale farmers’ markets work for themselves, from the project can be found strategies, in an era of globalisation. before rushing to ‘make markets at: http://www.iied.org/small- work for the poor’, became a producer-agency-globalised- Knowledge integration: profoundly important starting point market bringing academic and for understanding options for the practitioner knowledge to majority of small-scale farmers who bear on complex problems. will not access modern or ‘high Can poor people in rural value’ markets. areas share in the benefits The project established a learning of globalisation and network of researchers, business “As a researcher, the experience had me think that I people, farmer leaders and was always on the glorious side of the modernisation coin, modernisation? This has practitioners spanning eight been one of the big questions countries (Nicaragua, Guatemala, overlooking the murky and muddy side, but actually that is of the early 21st century Peru, Bolivia, Uganda, Kenya, India where most of the real world produces and trades. I have and Indonesia, as well as the UK changed the direction of my research to give this more and the debate is bursting and Netherlands) and two working with competing, often languages (Spanish and English). attention and incorporate work on the informal systems Between face-to-face meetings, small producers encounter and have to deal with.” polarised views, each with IIED international fellow Diego Muñoz convened the network from Dr Ronnie S Natawidjaja its own assumptions and Director, Center for Agricultural Policy and Agribusiness the Andes. Studies (CAPAS), Padjadjaran University, Indonesia and supporting evidence. a learning network member Building knowledge IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 21 Case study: 04 Ecosystem- and “I have participated in all the CBA community-based conferences in Bangladesh, which were really a great opportunity for adaptation to me to upgrade my knowledge and climate change apply it in my role.” Participant at CBA7

change by integrating ecosystem And in Bangladesh we are working At this year’s international Community- and rights-based approaches into with partners to include EBA “Many things I have learnt from your CBA7 are adaptation policies and practices. research under the Action Research Based Adaptation Conference (Dhaka, on Community-Based Adaptation in definitely useful for my work here in Vietnam. IIED Bangladesh in April 2013) Dr Gabriel Improving the Bangladesh (ARCAB) project. has shown that you are a real professional organiser Kulwaum, from The Nature Conservancy evidence base Connecting different and topic/theme designer so that all of the sections We collaborate widely to improve (TNC) in Papua New Guinea, reminded the evidence base for EBA and approaches you created are matching with expectation and participants that livelihoods and CBA. Recent research with the We see the crossover between learning areas of the participants.” ecosystems can’t be separated, and that World Conservation Monitoring EBA and CBA as somewhere we Centre and Birdlife International can particularly help people share Pham Thi Hong Policy Advocacy Coordinator, COHED, Vietnam accepting community ownership is vital. looked at published evidence and learning. We’re working with UNEP found that most EBA-related to include CBA components in interventions (even if not specifically existing EBA-focused programme Each year we run EBA sessions at designed to respond to climate and planning tools. And with the our International CBA Conference. Contact That’s long been seen as true Yet at the grassroots level the change) were viewed as effective Rockefeller Foundation’s Asian This year’s session ended with a in IIED. For over 30 years we’ve differences are often minimal and reported economic benefits. Cities Climate Change Resilience sombre reminder from Professor Hannah Reid been linking environment and because ecosystems and their But discussion of thresholds, limits, Network (ACCCRN) we’re Ainun Nishat (vice chancellor of [email protected] development issues, and recent services are already the foundation timescales and costs was limited, reviewing urban adaptation work BRAC University and ex-president work ‘joining the dots’ between of many adaptation strategies, and the evidence is skewed towards in Vietnam, focusing on mangrove of IUCN in Bangladesh) that the Read more community-based adaptation (CBA) especially for poor people. particular types of ecosystems and restoration in Thi Nai lagoon, need for this work won’t end any and ecosystem-based approaches Over the past few years we have ecosystem services. Quy Nhon City (see pages 24-25). time soon. It’s already time to start – www.elanadapt.net to adaptation (EBA) is no exception. played a central role in coalitions So there’s much more to be done. It’s clear that development actors’ asking ourselves how environments – www.acccrn.org Both approaches aim to make and research activities bringing the On the ground, we’ve been working potential role in helping build might survive a +3°C world and – www.iied.org/tag/community- people better able to adapt to two approaches together. In 2009 in Ethiopia with local partner adaptive capacity merits further start planning accordingly, he said, based-adaptation-cba climate change. But as they’ve IUCN and WWF founded the Save the Children to see how attention among governments and pointing to the Sundarbans evolved from different sets of Ecosystem, Livelihoods and community-based projects that policymakers. Likewise, sustainable ecosystem. Fifty years ago it was – Does EBA work? – a review of practitioners (development workers Adaptation Network (ELAN), and manage natural resources can help natural resource management fresh. Now it’s is overwhelmingly the evidence http://pubs.iied.org/ and conservationists) with differing quickly invited CARE and IIED to build local resilience to climate deserves higher standing as an brackish. In a further 50 years G03187 values, institutional agendas and join when they realised they needed variation in drylands. We’re finding adaptation strategy — particularly communities and ecosystems will – Review of the evidence base funding sources, they’ve not more development expertise. The that such development interventions for poor and vulnerable groups and almost certainly be adapting to for ecosystem-based approaches crossed paths as often as they network informs policy, collects and make people’s livelihoods when compared to alternative something different again. www.environmental should. shares good practice, and enhances measurably less vulnerable. infrastructure or technological evidencejournal.org/ capacity. And it strengthens the adaptation solutions. science and knowledge base on content/1/1/13 how to make poor and marginalised people more resilient to climate Building knowledge IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 23

With increasingly variable weather, to develop and test innovations that of experience and ensured farmers’ Case study: 05 resilient varieties become even enhance local food security. perspectives will shape the more important for adaptation. research framework. Achievements like these do not Yet we are losing this genetic happen overnight - Asociación Interestingly, in Peru and southwest diversity alarmingly fast because ANDES and IIED have built farmer China, where initiatives to support of our global focus on only a few Farmers capacity incrementally since the biocultural heritage have been in commercial varieties. Years of top- Potato Park was established in place for a decade, all the down research and development 2002. The intention is to phase out innovations that SIFOR surveys have also undervalued local our support gradually, and instead identified were either jointly are the best knowledge and often stifled establish a research centre in the developed with scientists/NGOs or farmer innovation, making it even park that can collaborate directly wholly developed by the harder to adapt to climate change. with external research partners. communities. But in coastal Kenya researchers Smallholder innovation for resilience and the Indian Himalayas, the (SIFOR), a five year European Bottom-up approach communities had adopted some Commission and UK Aid-funded externally developed innovations programme, is addressing this by This bottom-up approach runs through the SIFOR project, from (such as modern crop varieties). working with indigenous farmers in The study made clear how “The biocultural heritage of China, Kenya, India and Peru where community to international level, and is guided by respect for understanding and respecting important crop diversity is declining. traditional basic values and beliefs Quechua people … is providing solid SIFOR began in August 2012 and biocultural heritage – that is, indigenous peoples’ knowledge, is a key condition for biocultural aims to conserve resilient local innovation to continue. ground for developing biodiverse varieties and revitalise local practices and biological resources, and resilient food systems rooted innovation systems. It strengthens from the genetic varieties of crops farmers’ capacity and confidence they develop to the landscapes they In south western China, in traditional knowledge.” to conduct their own research and create. The concept of interlinked SIFOR is supporting an existing innovation, by giving them a leading biocultural heritage initially emerged participatory plant breeding Alejandro Argumedo from research with Quechua programme that links farmers Asociación ANDES role in designing and conducting research thus making them more farmers in Peru, and in SIFOR’s and breeders in a joint innovation able to meet future challenges well work in Peru the real intellectual process, coordinated by the beyond the scope of this project. lead is Asociación ANDES (which Centre for Chinese Agricultural is in turn led by Quechua farmers), Policy (CCAP). Since 2000 the Pioneering not IIED. programme has increased maize yields by 15–30 per cent, SIFOR’s Peru research began action research conserved 200 farmer-preferred with the Potato Park technicians landraces (local varieties), In the Potato Park, Peru, our NGO recording their communities’ new improved drought and pest partner Asociación ANDES has ways of doing things: innovations resistance, bred eight new pioneered empowering action- that have arisen wholly or partly varieties, strengthened farmers’ research that recognises the need from traditional knowledge and organisations and improved to ‘decolonise’ indigenous peoples crops (termed biocultural incomes by 30 per cent. — research that is more respectful, innovation). They used video ethical and useful. It is following and voice recordings to document community protocols, using focus group discussions and indigenous concepts and research in-depth interviews. methods and explicitly addressing Contact issues of power and rights. The study identified technological innovations, such as improved crops Krystyna Swiderska Asociación ANDES holds capacity [email protected] building workshops for technicians and farming practices; innovations from each community, who then that enhance market access; and design and conduct the research in institutional innovations, such as Read more the field, with ANDES researchers new rules, agreements and ways of Farmers are natural researchers — they – www.andes.org.pe/en present only as observers. working. The technicians (Quechua continually observe and experiment to improve farmers) then shared the findings at – Sign up for quarterly updates on The farmers in the Potato Park have a partners’ methodology workshop reports, blogs, briefings etc at and adapt their crops. In remote areas where formed a Potato Collective which and during a field visit to the park. www.bioculturalheritage.org. conditions are tough, smallholders have conserves and improves 1,460 The approach let other project potato varieties. It works with partners – including plant breeders developed and conserved considerable crop scientists from the International from China, scientists from the diversity, which can offer better resilience to Potato Centre and uses the whole Kenya Forestry Research Institute, landscape of over 9,000 hectares and researchers from the India drought and pests than modern varieties or (combined land of six communities) NGO Lok Chetna Manch – learn those held in gene banks. from Asociación ANDES’ wealth Building knowledge IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 25 Case study: 06 VIETNAM Role for india researchers in THAILAND building climate resilient cities

The majority of the world’s population now lives in urban centres: areas that ACCCRN: facts concentrate people, institutions, economic and figures activity, social and cultural heritage. These – A seven-year initiative funded by the Rockefeller Foundation, INDONESIA centres are concentrated but not isolated: running to the end of 2016 when considering how urban areas are – Activities started in 10 core cities assessment affected by climate change and how they across four countries: Thailand, processes, and are Vietnam, India and Indonesia. now well placed to can take measures to adapt, we need to contribute to a growing – Now scaling up to a further 40 understanding of what drives examine the wider systems within which cities, including in Bangladesh vulnerability and how it can be and the Philippines. cities operate. addressed, often working in collaboration with local organisations. to share their findings and identify projects that were implemented This includes the broad change. Successive IPCC Reports, A major role gaps and barriers to developing and without climate change in mind socioeconomic and institutional however, highlight the lack of for research Bringing implementing climate resilience can also add value. contexts that shape the ability of a research papers originating from researchers together strategies. city and its residents to plan for and low and middle-income countries, Research can play a major part in Research projects such as respond to climate change impacts; despite these countries being highly supporting this process of There is potential to create In the current debate over how these will contribute to a growing they must be explored as much as exposed to climate change impacts. knowledge building and learning, networks of researchers interested research can influence policy international knowledge base the physical risks. and IIED’s role as a partner is to in urban resilience. We support this decisions, an engaged academic and drive local capacity to engage Since January 2012, IIED has facilitate this knowledge production by bringing together researchers sector can make important with the issue of urban resilience. Creating a knowledge been a regional partner in an by working with local practitioners, interested in urban climate change contributions. Lessons learnt from Responding to climate change initiative known as the Asian researchers and academics. This involves many stakeholders and base about urban Cities Climate Change Resilience involves both capturing the lessons researchers are well placed resilience Network (ACCCRN). The network learnt through the implementation An ACCCRN research snapshot to contribute to the shared is developing a knowledge base for learning required. This is a relatively new field, so of initiatives, and supporting new cities to build their resilience to small-scale research initiatives to fill Indonesia: investigating what drives households to locate in flood-prone research by academics and climate change. ACCCRN aims to areas, and the perspectives of local government planners with regard to practitioners can play a critical role evidence gaps. Last year, for increase local cities’ capacities to example, we supported local climate change adaptation. in building a knowledge base to plan and implement integrated Contact research in Danang, Vietnam into Vietnam: investigating the willingness of vulnerable households to pay inform local action and policy practical strategies to respond to Diane Archer the coping capacity of workers to for index-based disaster risk insurance, and the viability of developing decisions at the national and the impacts of climate change. [email protected] extreme heat and the role of household disaster insurance products through a public-private sub-national scale. At the global The lessons learnt and success scale, the Intergovernmental Panel employers and government in partnership. stories can be shared for take-up reducing the risk of heat stress. Read more on Climate Change (IPCC) by other cities. Indonesia: examining lessons from both community-driven and public Assessment Reports draw heavily In many of the ACCCRN cities, local sector-led urban initiatives including relocation and water supply projects – www.iied.org/urban-environments on research findings to inform the university researchers were actively for developing resilient urban systems. global policy debate on climate engaged in the initial vulnerability Building knowledge IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 27

Costa Rica’s seemingly simple PES in Costa Rica has shown a Case study: 07 idea is to reward landowners for remarkable capacity to adapt, using “When the PES began people were confused. adopting environmentally friendly group contracts, opening local practices that also promote off-site offices and streamlining applications. They thought that if we sold the air from the trees, environmental benefits and global But there are challenges, not least it was a step from there to lose our land. [But] the Sharing public goods, such as climate rising land prices and the expansion regulation and biodiversity of high-value crops. PES struggles PES is helping us protect our own way of living. conservation. The idea has captured to compete where farmers can earn the imagination of policymakers in US$500 per hectare growing Trees are land, land is water, water is life.” lessons about many other countries, inspiring pineapple, for example. It’s important Justa Romero, a midwife and community leader from ACOMUITA in similar schemes at national and to prioritise the areas to include in a Talamanca in the southeast of Costa Rica, speaking at Fair Ideas local level. But implementation has national PES scheme so its thrown up challenges and there is environmental and social goals can 2013 most had received their first payments for still room for improvement. be achieved efficiently — that is, so annual payments. Important Contact that the scheme can achieve the challenges remain, not least IIED is at the heart of the learning most improvement in environmental ensuring the scheme’s financial Maryanne Grieg-Gran process, convening stakeholders, services at the lowest cost and with sustainability, and demonstrating [email protected] ecosystem documenting experience and the greatest inclusion of the poorest environmental effectiveness. To advising on design in both Costa landholders. address the latter, a Global Rica and other countries adopting Read more Environment Fund/UNEP project is PES. There is considerable Updated case studies, evaluating the scheme using a – De Rio a Rio+ Lecciones de 20 services innovation, experimentation and rigorous ‘randomised control trial’ años de experiencia en servicios learning going on, focused both pilot PES schemes methodology, and will generate ambientales en Costa Rica on making existing PES schemes This year we also updated our evidence on its environmental and http://pubs.iied.org/16514SIIED more responsive to the needs of collection of case studies on PES social impacts. poor people and understanding schemes for watershed services their ecological and social impact (such as water quality and regularity better, and on trying out PES in of flow), on www.watershedmarkets. At the Fair Ideas conference held in new contexts (for example our org. We looked at monitoring and new venture exploring PES for found that while most schemes do June 2012 in Rio we invited politicians, marine ecosystems, featured have some way to check that practitioners, community leaders and on pages 16-17). farmers are following agreed land use practices, the harder task of researchers from Costa Rica to share The space to learn measuring and attributing changes their decade and a half experience from others in water-related ecosystem services to PES, is rarely undertaken. Yet it is Our meeting at Fair Ideas putting payments for ecosystem vital to confirm that PES schemes highlighted important developments really do improve ecosystem services (PES) into practice. in Costa Rica such as PSA Solidario, services if they are to be continued. which links small and medium scale farmers, who find it difficult to enter In Uganda, we have helped to the national scheme, with voluntary design a pilot PES scheme to pay carbon markets. small-scale farmers to conserve and restore forests important for And it showed how some chimpanzees. The challenge has indigenous groups have made the been to distribute livelihood benefits PES scheme work well for them. widely and to connect chimpanzee Community leader Justa Romero habitats by securing participation related how initial mistrust had from farmers who have very small evaporated when her association patches of forest and often don’t established a robust system for hold a formal land title. We have allocating benefits. People in been working with national Justa’s group now say PES helps partners, the Chimpanzee protect their traditional lifestyles. Sanctuary and the Wildlife At Fair Ideas we and co-authors Conservation Trust (with funding (from CATIE and the Norwegian from the UK’s Darwin Initiative). Institute for Nature Research) Following extensive consultations also launched a report tracing with local communities on the the evolution of Costa Rica’s scheme’s design, 342 households PES scheme, synthesising the in 66 villages signed contracts to evidence on its social and protect or restore a total of 1,400 environmental impact. hectares of forests, and by March IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 29 Case study: 01 Green economy or green growth?

In the last five years, green Green economy: In other words, the dialogues economy concepts have moved suggest the need to complement from fringe debates to mainstream growth, equity and attention to green technologies policy. However, some strongly the environment and investment with inclusive emphasise growth through green governance reform at local, national investment, and others equity Against this international and international levels. through inclusive governance background, 2012–13 saw IIED This is clearly more than a matter reform, and this divide threatens facilitating several national of writing a one-off ‘national green to cause confusion. dialogues on green economy in developing countries — creating growth plan’. Our Caribbean ‘Green growth’ is promoted a space to explore the kinds of partners are pioneering one way by OECD governments and green economy their societies forward: a regional action learning corporations, several development need and want, and the kinds of process, building capacities to banks, and the new Global plan that will really help. support their own approaches to Green Growth Institute based balancing growth, equity and in South Korea. We have held dialogues in environmental goals. Ethiopia, Cambodia and Kazakhstan The idea attracts considerable — countries where technical analysis political attention in developing of resource efficiency and Contact Creating countries, where standard analytical greenhouse gas abatement has frameworks that identify the already been conducted. Dialogue Steve Bass lowest-cost ways to reduce participants concluded that such [email protected] greenhouse gases are increasingly work can help to tackle one of being applied, often by major the fundamental barriers to a Read more international consulting companies. green economy — continued spaces The resulting recommendations for allocation of capital to traditional IIED blog: www.iied.org/green- investment in technology can be polluting activities. growth-equity-must-go-hand-hand valuable, but can be oversold as a ‘national green growth plan’. But they also highlighted two other barriers — asymmetries in power and asymmetries in consumption Green growth: emphasises — which showed up in every one Tweets growth in conventional GDP of our country dialogues. @IIED through investment in resource New green shoots in #Africa: They put the spotlight on the companies & NGOs are nurturing a efficiency and greenhouse gas need to realise more value from abatement, motivated by the #green economic transformation environmental assets, tackle poverty http://bit.ly/Qd5bIM via @ promise of climate finance. and inequality, and empower GECoalition stakeholders dependent on the @ richardhowitt environment for their livelihood, Thanks @IIED @GECoalition for who are currently failed by the great discussion yesterday on economic system. #RioPlus20 lessons. Your work with least developed countries shows way forward Creating spaces IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 31 Case study: 02 Working in partnership on biodiversity- poverty issues

IIED has worked in collaboration with assessment arm and has close links pilot countries: Botswana, Uganda, The added value of This has subsequently been with the UN system, including the Namibia and the Seychelles. We distributed to all CBD focal points. It the UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Convention on Biological Diversity work with country teams as they go working together is helping many more countries than Centre (UNEP-WCMC) for a number (CBD) and other multilateral through the process of revising their What’s the added value of working the four involved in this project as of years. Our joint projects have ranged environmental agreements. IIED has National Biodiversity Strategies and in partnership? The international they try to integrate biodiversity and a strong social and political science Action Plans (NBSAPs) and they and national partners in this project development issues. from assessing the social impact of base and is well connected both to simultaneously support each other, provide a combination of skills, nature reserves and parks to studying the international development sharing ideas and experiences, political awareness and community and to local either in person at workshops or global connections. Contact the effectiveness of ecosystem-based organisations and research partners virtually via the online network Dilys Roe in developing countries. Combining Linked in. The CBD Secretariat, The first project workshop held [email protected] approaches to climate change adaptation. these strengths has great potential UNEP, UNDP and the UNDP- in Maun, Botswana in November to add value to the individual efforts UNEP Poverty Environment 2012 generated the Maun of each organisation and provides Initiative are also partners, providing Statement on Biodiversity- Read more In 2010 — along with the African Catalyst for an opportunity for tackling big practical help, advice and oversight. Development Mainstreaming, – More information about Wildlife Foundation — we jointly challenges. And finally a group of individuals which included a ten-step NBSAPs 2.0: http://povertyand organised an international shared learning acts as an African Leadership process for achieving The partnership has two conservation.info/en/pages/ symposium at the Zoological Group to provide further support mainstreaming based on The success of the symposium focus areas: biodiversity-poverty- Society of London to explore the was the catalyst for the to the country teams. experiences shared at the mainstreaming-nbsaps evidence for a link between establishment of a more formal – generating and assessing workshop. biodiversity conservation and partnership between IIED and evidence on biodiversity-poverty – www.unep-wcmc.org poverty reduction. Our motivation? UNEP-WCMC to investigate links and To understand better the evidence the extent of the connections – promoting biodiversity- “NBSAPs 2.0 is an entry point for Botswana behind claims such as “Preserving between biodiversity conservation development mainstreaming. in the sense that we feel we can learn a lot biodiversity is inseparable from the and poverty alleviation. fight against poverty” made at the Our biodiversity mainstreaming from this project through the peer reviews of UN General Assembly earlier The Biodiversity-Poverty project — NBSAPs 2.0 — has many that year. Partnership builds on the layers. Through capacity building, different colleagues and the other project complementary skills, linkages tool development, technical support and ways of working of the two and shared learning we are helping countries. We’re really excited about it.” organisations. UNEP-WCMC is to build African leadership in Dineo Gaborekwe, principal natural resources officer, Government of UNEP’s specialist biodiversity biodiversity mainstreaming in four Botswana and participant in the NBSAPs 2.0 project Creating spaces IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 33 The increase in middle Tropical forests are disappearing and produced a report that Understanding dynamic supply Case study: 03 to meet the demand for palm oil, looked at the range of ‘demand- chains and engaging better with class consumers (projected soy, beef, leather, timber and side’ measures that would make organisations operating in emerging biofuels. This in turn affects the a difference. markets are the greatest challenges to reach almost 5 billion livelihoods of forest-dependent to overcome when considering how What we learnt: it is the ‘mix’ worldwide by 2030) is people and ecosystem services. to reduce deforestation driven by Reducing and interplay between ‘demand demand for commodities. Looking Much can be done on the side’ measures that is critically driving global consumption ahead, IIED plans to develop and ‘demand’ or consumer side to important. test a diagnostic framework for and widening the gap reduce the rate of deforestation, An example might be import independently assessing demand- commodity- between demand and alongside efforts on the ‘supply legislation and public procurement side initiatives from a sustainable side’ to improve agricultural policies that require due diligence development perspective. availability of resources. productivity and maintain the during the sourcing of commodities, integrity of the landscape. driven combined with industry-led efforts IIED has focused its efforts to improve traceability and civil Contact on bringing together people society-led campaigns to raise Simon Milledge representing a range of public awareness and expose [email protected] deforestation commodities, roles in the supply offenders. chain and experiences from Companies further down supply different parts of the world. Read more chains need to act more as partners We organised an international with suppliers elsewhere in the – Demand-side interventions to meeting of forestry and trade chain, helping them to deliver reduce deforestation and forest specialists in February 2013, in certified, sustainable products degradation: http://pubs.iied. collaboration with the Global in a cost-effective way. org/13567IIED Canopy Programme and The Prince’s Rainforests Project, The Nature Conservancy, Walmart Brazil, Marfrig Group and ranchers joined forces in April 2013 to promote sustainable cattle production in the Amazon region.

“Bringing the private sector and NGOs together to work with different parts of a complex livestock supply chain in the Amazon, from ranchers to consumers, through packers and retailers, shows that it is possible to value good practice and promote sustainable beef production in a world that needs to produce more with less.” Mathias Azeredo De Almeida, Marfrig Group Creating spaces IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 35 Case study: 04 Forest Connect: finding the way forward together

Many practitioners who support such Space and time to No single option, however profitable, enterprises belong to Forest Connect satisfied the full suite of local public — an ad hoc alliance of members share learning goods. In other words, although who come together to share their Practitioners within the alliance large-scale single type (monotypic) knowledge and experience. do not wish to rest on their laurels. landscapes may create the illusion Instead, they want to heighten their of efficiency in satisfying impact by investigating which types international public goods, they Fact file: of enterprise should be supported short change local people. A Forest Connect to optimise the provision of both multifunctional variety (a mosaic) local and international public goods. of locally controlled forest and – 1,000 members Are particular types or scales of farm enterprises is fairer by far. – from 94 countries enterprise, based on plantation, – Co-managed by IIED, the natural forests or agro-forests, Centre for People and Forests better than others? By co- Contact and the FAO-hosted Forest convening the third international Duncan Macqueen “Great to be part of Forest and Farm facility The call for an ‘inclusive’ green meeting of Forest Connect in [email protected] economy is heard more strongly Connect and see where we Kathmandu with the Asia Network Forest Connect came under the for Sustainable Agriculture and after Rio+20. So alongside the are, what we all struggle spotlight this year with independent Bioresources in February 2013, Read more large-scale production of with and which directions reviews of both in-country activities IIED created the opportunity for – Landscapes for public goods: commodities, diverse locally and international efforts to members to consider these multifunctional mosaics are fairer we will take — I look forward assemble a step-by-step toolkit questions together. by far: http://pubs.iied. for facilitating support to locally controlled forest and farm Teams from Brazil, Burkina Faso, org/1764IIED controlled forest and farm to more exchange in Cambodia, Democratic Republic of businesses need investment. enterprises. The results were – Supporting small forest Congo, Guatemala, Mexico, Nepal positive, with the reviewer enterprises: a facilitators toolkit: whatever manner!” and Vietnam scrutinised enterprise concluding: http://pubs.iied.org/13558IIED Workshop participant options. Strikingly, in all cases, “With the impressive ‘reach’ [array country teams recommended a – Independent Review of Forest of networks and partners] it has portfolio of forest and farm business Connect: http://pubs.iied.org/ already established, and its strong options including some of short G03613 technical platform, it is difficult to term and high value (to satisfy – Proceedings of Forest Connect see what other organisation, or even economic needs), and others of workshop: http://pubs.iied.org/ organisations, could do a better job longer term and lower value (to G03614 than the Forest Connect alliance.” satisfy social and ecological needs). Creating spaces IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 37 Case study: 05 Case study: 06 Virtual conferences: Why does not in the future, gender but now matter in an Tweets urbanising @ptmitchell My favourite pic so far RT In this digitally connected CAREClimate: RT AgnesCARE: world, can ‘virtual’ participants #cba7gender “You can’t give what world? in a conference follow and take you don’t have” #cba7 part effectively, thereby cutting carbon footprints and expense?

That’s what we tried to achieve at This work was the culmination of Urbanisation is often associated So while women make substantial In the next few years we will focus our conference on community- two years of work building up our with greater independence for contributions to their households, on bringing gender perspectives to based adaptation to climate change experience and our followers on women: better opportunities to neighbourhoods and the city, bear on wider policy debates. We in Bangladesh in April 2013. social media channels, including engage in paid employment outside they face persistent inequalities, want to show the significance of Facebook and Twitter. the family, better access to services, which include: unpaid employment that is typically The web team at IIED used a lower fertility rates and some a woman’s responsibility – care number of different technologies – access to decent work The results relaxation in the rigid social values work for example – in building more to help people unable to attend the – physical and financial assets and norms that can define rural sustainable development. event in person to participate in The figures showed that, despite – mobility women as subordinate to their the conference discussion. We the obstacles, there was great @SciDevNet – personal safety and security, and fathers and husbands, used Scribble Live, also used by interest to follow the proceedings Climate change adaptation: think – representation in formal of it as preparing for an alien and to men generally. a number of news agencies, and to take part virtually. structures of governance. Contact invasion http://bit.ly/XQRsLM Cecilia Tacoli including Reuters, CNN and the #CBA7 #climate #sci4dev Yet most urban women also Press Association, to report live experience profound disadvantages Gender and [email protected] from the conference. Conference statistics in their daily lives compared with urban change men. In the past year, horrific Once up and running, it allowed – 203 comments on the live Read more attacks against women, including Work in 2012–13 to document people actually at the conference blog over four days rape and murder, have attracted these inequalities, their underlying – Environment & Urbanization and ‘virtual’ online participants to: – 3,568 unique page views But this was an important first step much media attention and reasons and the actions taken by special issue on gender and urban on our CBA7 web pages in helping virtual participants take – read and respond to curated widespread indignation and anger. women’s organisations to address change: http://eau.sagepub. from 21–29 April 2013 part. And it made us wonder: will we content on the live blog, including Fear for personal safety is an them was published in a special com/content/25/1.toc all be virtual participants by 2020? issue of our journal Environment & comments and social media all-pervasive element of urban Urbanization in April 2013. Building – The benefits and constraints of postings that other participants Viewer figures were higher on the life for women but largely goes on this, we have started exploring urbanization for gender equality: had published on social media first day and then tailed off on the unnoticed by policymakers Contact with a wider network of partners http://pubs.iied.org/10629IIED accounts and which were following days. We can only guess and public opinion. then pulled through onto the Mike Shanahan how the impacts of environmental why, but generally the live blogging These widespread levels of threat live blog page [email protected] degradation and climate change model works best in short and sharp reflect the deep gender-based – live ‘report’ from the event may deepen gender-based bursts — and it’s harder to maintain inequalities that persist everywhere, (through comments and social inequalities, and why this has momentum over a four day period. Read more even as gender relations are media content) been ignored up to now. Of course, meeting someone face – www.iied.org/cba7-7th- transformed by the economic, social to face over a coffee is invariably conference-community-based- and political changes linked to better than communicating virtually. adaptation-climate-change urbanisation. IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 39 Case study: 01 Food security in cities

This year our work has highlighted the links between income poverty, climate change and food insecurity in urban areas.

The vast majority of the world’s start reflecting on the priorities Bringing rapidly expanding urban population in their neighbourhood, mapping Contact relies on bought food, so access access to food vendors and and affordability are essential. engaging with the most vulnerable Cecilia Tacoli Yet most policy aimed at tackling groups such as young single [email protected] food insecurity focuses only on rural mothers and their children. food production, not on poverty or Exchange visits between Accra Read more people on local infrastructure and services. and Nairobi have expanded local What can be done to change perspectives, and ideas on possible – Urban poverty, food security and this? We have identified a two- initiatives are starting to emerge. climate change: http://pubs.iied. pronged strategy. org/10623IIED Poverty — both income and First, we are bringing together non-income — is deeply connected researchers who have been working with food insecurity. Poverty is together on these issues to consolidate their increasingly an urban issue — knowledge and share it further, and so is food insecurity. In many creating a ‘critical mass’ that can no low- and middle-income countries, longer be ignored in policy debates rapid urbanisation means more on food security. In March 2013 we people with low and irregular started by convening about 40 incomes live in settlements experts in urban food security at with inadequate infrastructure an international workshop in Addis and limited or non-existing Ababa. We will be holding another basic services. workshop in September 2013 to On average, urban residents fare develop ideas and proposals for a better than their rural counterparts multi-country collaborative action but a drastically different picture research programme. emerges when those ‘averages’ are Our second activity builds on the disaggregated. In low-income knowledge and experience of settlements, malnutrition is much grassroots federations of the urban higher than for city dwellers overall, poor. We have supported federation and is often as high or higher than members in Accra and Nairobi to in rural areas. Bringing people together IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 41 Case study: 02 Ten years of amplifying Southern voices

2013 marks a decade of our Capacity Building in the Least Developed Countries on Adaptation to Climate Change (CLACC) programme. “We would like to mobilise And since 2011 CLACC has also and initiatives at national and Often there are common issues, been part of a broader Southern regional levels. Importantly, they such as how to advocate Contact civil society organisations Voices Capacity Building often make the connection for a national policy or strategy on Programme, run by five Danish between climate change and climate change, or how to establish Hannah Reid at the grassroot level to and two international NGOs, and local development issues. a ‘national implementing entity’ [email protected] coordinated by CARE Denmark that can access funding from the Southern Voices supports eleven understand how we are with funding from the Danish international Adaptation Fund. Many national, six regional and three Read more International Development networks want guidance on how to thematic climate networks in Africa, Agency (DANIDA). work more effectively with the media, – www.climatecapacity.org being affected by climate Asia, Latin America and the Pacific how to track government spending Southern Voices aims to strengthen that share their learning. CLACC on climate change, or how to change, and at the an unexpected positive outcome is one of these networks. Through establish appropriate institutions triggered by the disappointment of CLACC, appointed fellows and to manage climate finance. same time get their 2009, when international climate international experts from Africa negotiations at COP15 in and Asia work under IIED auspices IIED supports this shared learning views incorporated in Copenhagen failed to reach a to support the Least Developed by developing a ‘toolbox’ on climate comprehensive agreement on Countries as they adapt to change advocacy that gathers national programmes emissions reductions to avert climate change. experience from all our partners. dangerous climate change. Begun in 2013, the project will be Shared learning between networks road-tested in 2014. CLACC on climate change” Many of the civil society networks is a crucial accelerator of change. partners and indeed all Southern Elvin Nyukuri, former CLACC fellow for Kenya, and organisations that had hoped Many networks are starting Voices network partners in the speaking in an interview for the Southern Voices website. for more from the UNFCCC process advocacy activities that are hugely South will help prepare the ‘tools’ now focus on promoting fair and helped by knowing about successes by sharing their advocacy pro-poor climate change policies and challenges in other countries. experience and needs. Bringing people together IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 43 This year, we provided on- COP18 was the culmination of Other achievements include As early as 2001, IIED supported Case study: 03 year-round support for the group’s helping the group establish senior negotiators from LDC demand and real time legal, core team, made possible a website containing all its countries to create their own by funding from the Climate and submissions, statements and negotiating bloc, the LDC Group. technical and strategic advice Development Knowledge Network. positions, and supporting the Ever since, we have been providing Supporting to the chair of the Least The result? The LDC Group was smooth leadership transition as legal, technical and strategic advice considered a key player in the the chair of the group passed from in the negotiations, building the Developed Countries (LDC) negotiations, consulted by other Pa Ousman Jarju, of the Gambia, group’s expertise and its Group during the fast-paced major parties every time there was to Prakash Mathema from Nepal. negotiators’ skills. Since 2011 a crucial issue to be discussed. we’ve provided management the Least international climate change The LDC Group is made up of 49 services for the LDC Group’s We also helped the group gain countries that are highly vulnerable core team and administrative negotiations at the 18th visibility and become more vocal. In to climate change because of their support to the chair. Developed Conference of the Parties early November we placed an open low economic development and to the United Nations’ letter from the LDC Group Chair to limited capacity to respond to President Obama in the UK’s climate impacts. Global decisions Contact Framework Convention on Guardian newspaper. It kicked off on climate change can have major Countries considerable debate ahead of the implications for these countries, Achala Abeysinghe Climate Change in Doha, negotiations and was circulated in but are frequently taken without [email protected] Qatar from 20 November the US State Department. their proper participation. in climate to 9 December 2012. Read more talks – http://ldcclimate.wordpress.com/ “2012 marked a tremendous solidarity, collaboration Unique and cooperation amongst the LDC negotiators. website page-views Believe me that under the leadership of Pa Ousman from visitors and his support team we have set a legacy that should in 156 countries be exemplary to all developing country negotiators.”

Fred Machulu Onduri (LDC Group Core Team member, Uganda)

Major Submissions pieces of by the LDC LDC Group written group to the statements advice UNFCCC issued Press Position releases Press papers conferences and key Briefing leading to Strategy and LDC Group messages papers 75 media preparatory presentations documents written mentions meetings given prepared 30 27 35 5 12 13,272 7 7 8 4 Bringing people together IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 45 Case study: 04 Loopy learning on climate change

“Keep me in the loop” is a familiar phrase we use almost without The project is exploring how to Next we will gather robust evidence cope with the ‘wickedly complex’ The Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) is to show how big development thinking — every day we are part of problems of climate change. Wicked a global partnership that unites organisations engaged in research for a programmes and others can use complex iterative learning processes problems are problems that have food secure future. In the CGIAR’s Climate Change and Agricultural Food this methodology to make a no simple or single solution and Security (CCAFS) research programme, a new but rapidly growing body of difference. We have developed a drawing on all sorts of information. that usually present very different work is exploring the potential of social learning: this is the Climate Change ‘community of practice’, and we are With partners we’re taking the same realities to different people and over Communications and Social Learning (CCSL) initiative. Its work is spread looking for more projects where we varying timescales. We are not just across the international centres of the CGIAR network. We have worked can build that body of evidence. If approach in a new project — the talking about our usual approach together with the Institute of Development Studies and the University of you want to stay in the loop please of encouraging participation, and York as CCAFS partners to help in developing this initiative. contact Liz Carlile at IIED. Climate Change Communications ensuring different voices are heard, and Social Learning (CCSL) initiative. we are talking about transforming how we approach complexity. The inspiration for the initiative and perspectives, from ‘hard is a bold new strategy from the science’ and historical data to Contact international Climate Change and communities’ or individuals’ Liz Carlile Agricultural Food Security (CCAFS) experiences. [email protected] research programme to look for Using a concept formally called more powerful ways to provide “We need ‘triple loop learning’ we are working Read more development that involves to understand how social learning communities in mapping their own – Climate change and social methods can help different development pathway. The CCSL learning report: http://cgspace. to scale the stakeholders to find solutions initiative aims to reach further cgiar.org/handle/10568/24456 together for specific contexts. than CCAFS and its network of practice not international centres and explore Over the past 18 months we have how social learning contributes to worked with the CCSL on scoping greater impact on many potential how social learning might help t h e p o l i c y .” development outcomes. tackle climate change; reviewing communication initiatives to see if Social learning means building Manuel Flury, of the Swiss Agency for they meet ‘triple loop’ criteria and understanding through a series of Development and Cooperation, speaking at a examining what underpins workshop held at the International Livestock continuous interactions, or loops, successful social learning projects. Research Institute (ILRI) in Addis Ababa. that combine all sorts of knowledge Bringing people together IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 47 Case study: 05 Devolved planning “People living in Nairobi and the provinces don’t know for climate adaptation how to interact with us. Even in very dry years, there In northern Kenya we are helping are places with pasture that we know about. If we are Shared pilot a funding approach in Isiolo County that integrates climate planning together, we can bring water to where there change issues into local planning. is pasture and then there is no need to bring hay from A county-level Climate Adaptation elsewhere, which our animals cannot eat.” learning Fund is supporting ‘public good’ investments and using shared A community elder, speaking at a stakeholders’ workshop, Isiolo, May 2010 learning to identify, agree and prioritise interventions. for climate So the new approach in Isiolo Proper participation Local people are clear that when County started with a ‘shared community and formal government learning dialogue’ that brought Who is included and who is planning have no links it is harder to together representatives from excluded from participatory change adapt to an increasingly variable customary authorities, youth, planning and policy processes climate. The ‘disconnect’ can mean women, devolved government and determine whether outcomes truly formal planning misses out on civil society groups. The dialogue reflect a local consensus. Despite adaptation valuable knowledge about how best built up everyone’s knowledge of attracting much development to exploit the ecological and climate change and dryland support, marginalised groups are economic dynamics of local livelihoods. Government staff often excluded from participation environments. For instance better appreciated community in development planning. For interventions may be poorly timed knowledge and pastoral strategies Kenya’s Climate Adaptation Fund, (fodder for livestock might arrive for managing their environment. a rigorous public selection process after the rains begin) or might even Local people were better able for Ward Adaptation Planning undermine resilience (new but to articulate their concerns, and Committees has ensured wide poorly placed water points can to understand the challenges participation. The committees undermine local water governance, government planners face. themselves consult broadly leading to overgrazing). Time for reflection was the on which public good-type crucial ingredient — with investments should be a priority in sustained engagement, a order to promote climate-resilient In 2009 Kenya’s Ministry of consensus emerged about growth and adaptive livelihoods. State for Development of Northern the key issues. The first round of investments Kenya and Other Arid Lands (worth a total of £400,000) has invited IIED to design and test an Strong voices, now been approved, and the approach to planning that embodies receptive ears committees are contracting ‘participation, equity and inclusivity’ Scaling up successful local people to implement the — the principles underpinning the proposals. If successful, the country’s new constitution — while strategies and innovations also requires new bottom-up scheme will show that Kenya’s responding to the challenges of counties have the capacity to planning for climate change in communication channels that span different institutional scales draw down and invest national drylands. In partnership with the climate funds for climate resilient Arid and Semi-Arid Lands and sectors. We sum up the approach as ‘strengthening voices development locally. Perhaps Secretariat, the Kenya global climate funds could be IIED’s work on making climate Meteorological Department, the and encouraging more receptive ears’. Those voices might be local, channelled to the grassroots change issues a mainstream Ministry of Planning, National in the same way. Development and Vision 2030, and the ears those in local planning part of decision making at all and the Resource Advocacy processes, or the situation might be levels exemplifies how shared Programme, IIED has been piloting district or county-level government Contact a devolved Climate Adaptation Fund staff articulating lessons learnt to learning can build consensus in Isiolo County that holds local inform and influence national Ced Hesse: on contentious issues. priorities at its heart, and is helping policymakers. [email protected] to integrate local adaptive strategies and innovations into national policy. Read more – http://pubs.iied.org/17161IIED Bringing people together IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 49

Case study: 06 Energy access in SUNGAS in brief The SUNGAS project is a partnership between IIED, the Living Earth Foundation, the Stakeholder Democracy Network (in the Niger Delta) and the Niger Delta Wetlands Centre. This 2.8 million euro European the Niger Delta: the Union funded project began in 2009 and ends in March 2014. IIED provides overall management for SUNGAS — not a small task given the project’s size and ambition. We also manage the project’s research and advocacy components, collaborating on research topics such as SUNGAS project renewable energy, low-carbon development and power sector reform. We have helped partners to design community surveys and to convene stakeholder dialogues on power sector reform, involving civil society in energy access decisions, and on donors’ roles.

In Rivers state, the Living Earth Foundation is setting up a community-owned utility company to generate power for a Niger Delta Around 70 million Nigerians live without community using ‘associated gas’ Demonstrations — produced as a by-product of Paying for power a dependable source of electricity. SUNGAS is building evidence oil extraction and otherwise burnt Many solar energy services Reliable power for pumping clean water, of what works for local people. by flaring. There have been are in disrepair because of Using demonstration projects, considerable delays owing to the poor maintenance and corrupt refrigeration and night-time lighting would it is drawing attention to the challenges of working in the Niger contracts, so people believe transform people’s lives, and affordable opportunities and challenges Delta including community tension that solar power “does not work for decentralised energy in the and finding suitable contractors. in Nigeria”. SUNGAS highlights power for businesses could drive economic Niger Delta. But IIED is working closely the need for long-term with the partners to deliver the management and maintenance development. The SUNGAS project In Bayelsa state, the Niger project on time. alongside good designs. (Sustainable Utilisation of Nigeria’s Gas Delta Wetlands Centre has worked with one community to test whether In Rivers and Bayelsa states, Someone has to pay for electrical and Renewable Energy Resources), aims a community-managed solar- the Stakeholder Democracy power. But it’s not easy building to get more people using decentralised powered water pump can produce Network (SDN) is promoting local willingness to pay when clean water for local schools and renewable energy options in local people see power either as and sustainable modern energy services households. The centre is now communities, and getting citizens state-owned or delivered by a large across the Niger Delta — Nigeria’s southern testing an alternative private talking with the power sector oil company. Likewise, installations enterprise-based model in regulator and local distribution set up by donor-funded projects oil – and gas-producing region. another community. companies. are usually perceived as ‘free’. Bringing people together IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 51

Case study: 02 Continued Energy access in the Niger Delta: Case study: 07 the SUNGAS project International ranking for

Local views The meetings address the The working group will be looking ICCCAD top priorities for local people to share SUNGAS learning even SDN has been working with (including meter installations, further, for example contributing communities to understand and firm delivery dates for fixing to efforts by the Nigerian record local issues around problem infrastructure and better government to re-launch its electricity provision — particularly information on planned outages). Rural Electrification Agency. in light of the recent privatisation of These in turn mean better local Nigeria’s power sector and revised services and consumers who are tariffs. Small businesses say more engaged in working with the Contact unreliable service makes it difficult regulator and power company Ben Garside to plan electricity use. Communities to fix problems. [email protected] say billing, based on estimated use, is unfair, particularly as the Involving civil society Emma Wilson estimates do not change if there [email protected] The SUNGAS project is adding are lengthy power outages. At the In 2012 the International national dialogue to these bottom- same time, privatisation has brought up activities. For example, in Centre for Climate Change price rises. To make their point, Read more February 2013, IIED, SDN and the community members have been – Can renewable energy turn and Development (ICCCAD) International Centre for Energy, keeping energy diaries of power Nigeria’s lights on? http://pubs. Environment and Development was ranked 23rd in a global outages, interrupted activities iied.org/G03519 convened a multi-stakeholder and meter installations. Four list of influential think tanks round-table meeting in Abuja to – Can the low-carbon development communities have set up Facebook discuss how to engage civil society agenda increase energy access on climate change, as pages to share their experiences. with national energy priorities. for the poor in Nigeria? http:// produced annually by the SDN has also brokered a series of A civil society working group is pubs.iied.org/G03518 University of Venice. face-to-face meetings between now being established, which will – www.sungas-nigeria.org. community representatives, the have local champions and links to local power distribution company, existing energy access initiatives, – www.stakeholder democracy.org/ and the Nigerian Electricity such as the Nigerian Alliance for cgblog/512/92/Power-to-the- That’s impressive for an “The short courses started over Regulatory Commission. Clean Cookstoves. People organisation just three years old. two years ago and we have now Contact ICCCAD is a joint venture between completed 12 on different topics, IIED, the Independent University, and have over 300 alumni from Saleemul Huq Bangladesh and the Bangladesh more than 30 countries, mainly in [email protected] Centre for Advanced Studies. Asia and Africa. “The huge gap between supply and demand … IIED Senior Fellow Saleemul Huq “Research has been focused Read more has been seconded to ICCCAD through our flagship Action – http://centers.iub.edu.bd/icccad/ means that meeting the challenge of delivering as its first director. He explains, Research on Community Adaptation “ICCCAD has three main in Bangladesh programme, and – Adaptation experts in training [electricity] access … requires more than just programmes. We run short courses we’ve now added research into loss http://pubs.iied.org/G03444 for professionals, a research and damage from climate change. ‘creating markets’ and selling goods. Getting the programme, and also a new We have also hosted over a dozen services right requires social involvement to develop Masters’ degree on climate change visiting researchers at ICCCAD.” and development, which has just relevant local energy solutions that can also be taken in its first cohort — six students from Bangladesh (May shared and adapted for use elsewhere.” 2013). More are expected to enrol from Bangladesh and other Joseph Hurst-Croft Director of the Stakeholder Democracy Network countries from next year. Bringing people together IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 53 Case study: 08 Nepal’s national framework for climate Knowledge Spaces Actors Nepal’s LAPA Framework is built The LAPA Framework ‘creates People are at the heart of Nepal’s on the knowledge of people in spaces’ where local people can LAPA Framework, jointly shaping change adaptation many different situations. With talk with those taking national decisions on climate change partners, we’ve brought that decisions about how to adapt to adaptation. The LAPA aims to knowledge together, generating climate change. With partners we bring together many different evidence to help design the piloted various approaches whilst local and national actors, and framework and ensuring people preparing local adaptation plans for those that demand and supply at all levels are talking to each action by 69 village development adaptation services. Nepal is one of the first countries to other — and so are distilling and councils and one municipality. We During the initial design and piloting We’ve been involved with Nepal’s refining their evidence. found tools like ‘shared learning have designed and approved a national phases we worked with national and Local Adaptation Plans for Action dialogue’ (see also page 46-47) Together we’ve looked at the local NGO partners to get ideas framework for identifying what local (LAPA) framework (and also the and ‘visioning’ were the most steps that need to be taken, together. Next, the pilot framework National Adaptation Plan for Action popular because they enabled people most need to do to adapt to the tools needed to take those was ‘harmonised’ with existing — NAPA) since 2009 (see timeline better dialogue between local steps, institutional arrangements, projects focusing on local-level climate change, and integrating those below). In 2012–13 we helped communities, experts and planners. needs into development plans at all levels. Nepal’s national team set baselines financial frameworks and adaptation planning, and with for future monitoring for LAPAs, monitoring mechanisms. We used But it’s not just about space to Nepal’s NAPA and the national and then worked with partners to action research (‘learning by doing’), talk — Nepal’s LAPA Framework climate change policy. We worked review the opportunities and making sure the whole process also needed to identify the best with technical teams and donor barriers before the framework’s fitted into existing development administrative and geographical partners through both formal and national ‘roll out’ (this review planning systems. IIED’s knowledge space for providing ‘top down’ informal dialogues that helped was finalised during 2013-14). of ‘how development planning support while ensuring priorities finalise the framework and toolkit As with most of our action research, works’ and political economy, stay local and ‘bottom up’. and create political support. alongside our in-depth we’ve used IIED’s framework of We looked at various spaces or Finally, during a consultation understanding of Nepal’s own ‘knowledge, spaces and actors’ scales, including broad natural phase we helped the Ministry development planning process, to engage with the process from boundaries (watersheds), and of Science Technology and including the country’s the start. Here’s what that has small administrative units (village Environment (MoSTE) carry out decentralised planning system, meant in Nepal. settlements), but Nepal’s village/ regional- and national-level formed a strong basis for our district development councils dialogue with government, civil contribution. turned out to be the most society and the private sector appropriate. That’s not quite the — to refine ideas for the framework end of the process though — the and build awareness about it. councils will need some capacity building to help them carry out adaptation planning and delivery Contact roles effectively. Nanki kaur [email protected] Timeline 2009 2010–11 2011 2012 2013

The Government MoSTE agree IIED plays a lead framework and Nepal’s Council IIED helped IIED and partners Read more of Nepal’s support for the role in designing align it with of Ministers Nepal’s national reviewed the – More LAPA resources: ‘Thematic design phase and piloting the various other approves the final team establish framework for http://moste.gov.np/nccsp/#. Working Groups’ with the UK’s LAPA, with initiatives on LAPA framework monitoring opportunities UjhyyxhwaUk agree the need for Department for MoSTE leading adaptation in November. baselines. and barriers a LAPA framework International widespread planning. ahead of a to run in parallel to Development. consultation at national ‘roll out’. the NAPA (which local and national IIED had helped levels to refine the prepare). IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 55

I remember the first time I met Perween knew the risks that she Perween Rahman was the Perween, in the early 1990s. She was exposed to, of that I am sure. I director of the Orangi Pilot struck me as so different from many remember visiting OPP two years Project Research and Training development experts. Rather than ago and observing how she Institute, a Karachi-based NGO saying how little time she had to shielded her face in the car when working with the city’s poorest meet with me, she said her only leaving the office compound. She communities to improve their problem would be if I did not have had worked for years in a city in neighbourhoods. On the enough time to understand the which land is fought over and had afternoon of 13 March 2013, Orangi Pilot Project’s (OPP) seen several community leaders she was shot and killed by approach and the work they threatened and killed for their masked men as she drove were doing. anti-eviction work. Despite these home from work. risks, she never expressed any Under Perween’s leadership the Just two months later another ambivalence or uncertainty about OPP has had a profound impact on community development activist her activities. Indeed, she spoke Karachi, challenging existing working with the Orangi Pilot with tremendous excitement practices with its alternative vision Project in Karachi, Abdul about her work and the power for the city based on integrated Waheed, was also assassinated. of the network OPP had created neighbourhoods. OPP staff are Abdul Waheed headed a across Pakistan. clear that despite ongoing religious neighbourhood organisation conflict, most people do not want to Perween was a sanitation expert supporting OPP’s land surveys live in ethnic enclaves. but was so modest; she would and providing modern education be the first to say that while to local children. The OPP vision of the city is based professional contribution is on justice. In the last few years it significant and important, it had been working with communities needs to be integrated within whose longstanding residency was a broader programme driven under threat from powerful groups by the energy and wanting to evict them and take over knowledge of those their land for their own gain. OPP living in informal supported these communities to settlements. improve their mapping skills, enabling them to advance their legitimate claims to their homes with the authorities.

Partnerships They give us an insight into long-term research partner local challenges and help us Perween Rahman had been allow us to step up to the stage, whether murdered. She was director Perween achieve things it be national, regional or of the Orangi Pilot Project international, confident that Research and Training that we could not what we bring has credibility Institute in Karachi, and Rahman achieve alone. and will add value. Diana Mitlin pays tribute to her in this section. Some of our partnerships (1957–2013) stretch back decades; Partnerships, and the they are deep and have collaborative working that influenced the way that they represent, go to the By Diana Mitlin IIED has evolved. heart of what IIED is and the values that underpin In 2012-13 our partners its identity. Without our played a major role in what partners and the contribution we achieved; more than 40 that they make to everything organisations were involved that we do, we would not in Fair Ideas, for example. be the organisation that But we were deeply shocked we are today. when we heard the news that The power of partnerships IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 57

Joanna Elliott works for Flora We have had time to do both and Fauna International as research and analysis and I hope There are huge senior director of conservation that our learning about what opportunities for partnerships. She has been an ‘environmental complementarity’ IIED visiting fellow for a number actually means will help us to collaboration between of years, helping to set up the strengthen protected area planning IIED as a policy-led group Poverty and Conservation and decision making in Kenya. Learning Group and more and the work of on-the- I’ve learnt practical things — the recently, working with the video conferencing facility that IIED ground NGOs, who often biodiversity team on a project to has in London may seem par for the map protected areas in Kenya. don’t have the time or course, but many organisations In early 2011 and throughout most don’t have this and it was surprising resources needed for Ayub of the two-year project period I was how much it helped manage what the analytical and working for the African Wildlife was a complex project, as well as Foundation, which has been one of cut travel and carbon costs. policy-linking side of the NGOs driving the new These large projects can be learning processes. community conservancy model Shaka stressful, particularly when the forwards in Kenya. I was also underlying concepts aren’t widely working with the government on understood, but getting a team of Environmental complementarity: where Kenya Meteorological related policy processes. the benefits of having state, private and professionals together, all of whom community-owned and/or managed Department I was keen to work with IIED and the were willing to put more time in protected areas close to one another World Conservation Monitoring to get the research done, made can be greater than the sum of the Centre (UNEP-WCMC) on the this one work. Sadly, one of our benefits of those areas individually. project to map protected areas in team members, Dr Anthony King, Kenya as I felt we had was killed in a plane crash towards complementary skills and could the end of the study period, learn from one another. We were but his contribution, including fortunate to have a very interested amazing vector diagrams to and collaborative donor in AFD (the move us forward with the French government development analytical framework, Ayub Shaka has worked in The local community was very One of the things l learnt from this agency), and this, combined with will long be the Kenya Meteorological eager to listen as it was the first stint with IIED is that the best way to the knowledge of local practitioners, remembered. Department (KMD) since time an officer from KMD had disseminate weather information is has proved immensely valuable. October 1984. During that talked to them about weather. They first of all to understand the time, he has been a weather were used to their local traditional community and their livelihoods by forecaster and presenter in weather forecasters (Uchus). From working with them. the media, and undertaken that time whenever the forecast was The partnership increases postgraduate studies on released I presented it — I did about knowledge of dealing with different Joanna Hydrology and Water Resources five seasonal forecasts in various situations. Now I am working to Management in the Netherlands. wards in Isiolo County. These ensure that these face-to-face increased the weather information I came to know about IIED through opportunities can be rolled out to reach, something l could not have Elliott a project that the Ministry of other counties by building the skills done without support from a partner Northern Kenya and Other Arid of our county officers through such as IIED. Lands wanted to pilot in Isiolo shared learning. Flora and Fauna county entitled Mainstreaming of During one of these presentations Climate Change Adaptation in of a seasonal forecast, one of the International Local Planning in Isiolo County. elders remarked that the forecast of These forecasts increased enhanced rainfall gave them In one of the meetings in Nairobi, l happiness and fear: happiness the weather information was invited to give a seasonal because good rains would improve weather forecast to the community reach, something l could water availability, pasture and food in Garbatulla Ward, Isiolo County. I production. But fear because of the not have done without gladly accepted because this was possible destruction the rains will an opportunity that l had always support from a partner cause. As such, they needed to plan wanted as a public weather services to avoid the negative impacts. such as IIED. officer. At Garbatulla, l was with Ced Hesse, Victor Orindi, Daoud Tari and others and I found the arrangement very good. IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 59

Staff List

Director Human Natural Sustainable Communications Core Liz Aspden International Camilla Toulmin Settlements Resources Markets Liz Carlile Chris Wilde Executive assistant Fellows Gordon McGranahan James Mayers Steve Bass Director of Finance director and Charlotte Forfieh Florencia Almansi, Senior Fellows Co-group head Group head Group head communications chief operating officer Teresa White Argentina Saleemul Huq Cecilia Tacoli Barbara Adolph Sarah Best Soti Coker Neil Hedgecock (joined 2013) Cynthia Brenda Awuor, David Satterthwaite Co-group head Nicole Armitage (joined 2013) Teresa Corcoran Head of finance Morris Kagkwo Kenya Barry Dalal-Clayton Diane Archer Holly Ashley Abbi Buxton Suzanne Fisher Caroline Adebanjo (joined 2012) Chris Busiinge, Uganda Climate Change (joined 2012) (left 2013) Muyeye Chambwera Clair Grant-Salmon Abi Alabede Steph Bramwell Qi Gubo, China Simon Anderson Jane Bicknell Lila Buckley (left 2012) (joined 2013) Giles Anyiamuka Karen Hartley Yarri Kamara, Group head Hannah Bywaters Lorenzo Cotula Ethel Del Pozo-Vergnes Sian Lewis Brian Barban (left 2012) Sierra Leone Achala Abeysinghe David Dodman Alessandra Giuliani Ben Garside Vanessa McLeod Karen Cousins Leda Hodgson /Burkina Faso Jessica Ayers Diana Mitlin Andrew Gordon-Maclean Maryanne Grieg-Gran (left 2012) (left 2013) Buffy Price Fawad Khan, Pakistan (left 2012) Martin Mulenga (joined 2012) Laura Jenks Kate Munro Laurel Devins (left 2012) Daoud Tari Abkula, Susannah Fisher Steph Ray Marie Jaecky Kate Lewis (left 2012) (left 2012) Tom Bigg Kenya (joined 2012) Anna Walnycki Nicole Kenton Rodney Lunduka Dave Nunn Ben Jonah Head of partnerships Virgilio Viana, Brazil Hohit Gebreegziabher (joined 2013) Duncan Macqueen Essam Mohammed (joined 2012) Natalia Olszewska Catherine Baker Beth Henriette Simon Milledge Ina Porras Ros Portman (joined 2012) Alastair Bradstock Ced Hesse (joined 2012) Frances Reynolds David Sankar Debra Spencer Lucie Fry Nanki Kaur Angela Milligan Bill Vorley Mike Shanahan Michelle Tsoi Kate Lines Neha Rai (left 2013) Emma Wilson Kate Wilson Nick Greenwood Barbara Trapani (joined 2012) Elaine Morrison Head of human resources (joined 2012) Green Economy Corinne Schoch Isilda Nhantumbo Jess Gleeson Coalition (left 2012) Michel Pimbert Donatella Gnisci Emily Benson Marika Weinhardt (left 2012) Caroline Johnston Geoff Wells Grazia Piras Andrew Archer Emily Polack Head of IT services Christele Riou Paul Granger Fiona Roberts Debola Ogunnowo Lucile Robinson Vish Patel Dilys Roe (joined 2012) Leianne Rolington Jamie Skinner Krystyna Swiderska Khanh Tran-Thanh Inside IIED IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 61

Trustees and Donors

Trustees Anna Maembe Donors Norwegian Agency International and Foundations Internews The Asahi Glass Maureen O’Neil (retired 2 July 2013) IIED is grateful to the for Development multilateral agencies and NGOs IUCN Foundation (Chair) Pancho Ndebele organisations listed for Cooperation European Commission AECOM Karuna The Bill & Melinda Julio Berdeguè Sheela Patel financial support over Norwegian Embassy, International Fund for Arcus Foundation London School Gates Foundation (retired 3 July 2012) (retired 3 July 2012) the year 2012/13. Mozambique Agricultural Development Asia Foundation of Hygiene and The Christensen Fund Lisa Beauvilain Lorenzo Rosenzweig Government Norwegian Ministry Organisation for African Wildlife Tropical Medicine Tides Foundation Filippa Bergin (appointed and government of Environment Economic Co-operation Foundation Nature Conservancy Tufts University (appointed 19 November 2012) agencies Royal Danish Ministry and Development Centre for Development Natural Environment US Fish and 19 November 2012) Francisco Sagasti Agence Francaise of Foreign Affairs UN Environment Research (CEDEAO) Research Council Wildlife Service Soomsook Ian Rushby De Developpement, Swedish International Programme CGIAR Norwegian Institute University College London France Development Boonyabancha Min Tang UN Food and Climate Change and for Nature Research University of Copenhagen (appointed Department for Cooperation Agency Agriculture Organization For more information on Agricultural Food Security Overseas Development WorldAware 19 November 2012) Environment, Food UN Habitat our board of trustees, visit Denmark Institute Alastair Da Costa and Rural Affairs, UK World Resources Institute www.iied.org/general/ UN International Climate and Development Oxfam UK (appointed 1 July 2013) Department for WWF about-iied/board- Strategy for Disaster Knowledge Network International Oxfam Novib Teresa Fogelberg trustees. Risk Reduction Corporate Development, UK Comic Relief Plan International Laila Iskandar UN Office for Green Park Consultants Department of Energy Cordaid Practical Action (retired 2 July 2013) Project Services Price Waterhouse and Climate Change, UK Howard G. Buffett Pyoe Pin Alan Jenkins UN Population Fund Foundation Coopers (Vice Chair) Finnish Ministry for Rainforest Alliance World Bank Danish 92 Group Frank Kirwan Foreign Affairs Renewal Energy and (Treasurer) Foreign and Ecosystems Service Energy Efficiency Commonwealth for Poverty Alleviation Partnership Office,UK Ford Foundation Rockefeller Foundation Irish Aid, Department Germanwatch Save the Children of Foreign Affairs Hivos Slum Dwellers Japanese International International Council International Cooperation Agency on Mining and Minerals SNV Ministry of Foreign Institute of Tanzania Natural Affairs, France Development Studies Resource Forum International Development Television for the Research Center Environment Inside IIED IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 63

Figure 1 IIED’s carbon footprint for last three financial years (April to March) Responsible IIED carbon footprint* 2010/11 2011/12 2012/13 GHG emission data in tonnes of CO2e** (Base year) Scope 1 (Direct e.g. on-site gas heating) 26 29 47 operations Scope 2 (Indirect energy e.g. electricity) 80 89 68 Scope 3 (Other indirect e.g. travel***) 713 813 916 Total gross emissions 819 930 1,031 We pride ourselves at IIED on being at Nevertheless, for the future we are Average full time equivalents (FTE) 78.9 84.9 94.0 the forefront of thinking on sustainability setting ourselves the target of reducing Per FTE annual emissions 10.4 11.0 11.0 globally and that starts right here at our greenhouse gas emissions per % change n/a +6% 0% home in everything we do and how we head by an average of 2.5 per cent per do it. IIED is growing and as we increase year, consistent with the requirements * Organisational boundary based on our ** Tonnes of CO2e is a universal unit of *** Air travel emissions take into account the the scale of our positive impacts we of internationally recognised reduction sites and activities of our staff and therefore measurement used to indicate the global effect of radiative forcing (the effect of excludes our suppliers and partners. Footprint warming potential of a greenhouse gas, water vapour and nitrous oxides in the must apply a similar level of innovation commitments such as the Carbon has been measured in accordance with Defra’s expressed in terms of the global warming upper atmosphere) and therefore an to manage our adverse ones. Trust Standard. latest 2013 emissions factors and guidelines, potential of one unit of carbon dioxide. uplift factor of 1.89 has been used in which is consistent with the GHG Protocol. accordance with Defra guidelines. Over the last year, our investment in We must also consider the the new Gray’s Inn Road office has wider impacts of what we do, and helped reduce our building emissions have therefore implemented an We have made a commitment to Figure 2 IIED greenhouse gas emissions per FTE by source 2010–13 per head significantly, however this has environmental management system, review the wider environmental and social impacts of our operations and 12.0 been offset by increases in air travel combined with stronger internal policies the result is: emissions. Staff travel will always be on ethical and social aspects of our – an environmental management a fundamental part of how we operate activities to ensure they remain system certified against Electricity as much of our success comes from consistent with our mission. ISO14001. Our environmental 10.0 Gas the relationships and interactions policy is available on www.iied.org Staff travel Camilla Toulmin, director of IIED and we will continually review and with people and the opportunities improve our environmental for shared learning this creates. performance. 8.0 – a recent review of all our ethical As part of a wider review of how we Building emissions per FTE Staff travel emissions per and social policies. Over our next can operate more sustainably and down by 12 per cent FTE up 2 per cent strategic period (2014–2019) we

will be using ISO26000 as a 6.0 2011/12

responsibly, we have undertaken an 2012/13 – 30 per cent fall in per FTE – Mainly due to the commencement

in-depth independent assessment framework to integrate social 2010/11 electricity emissions — mainly of a large number of new of the carbon footprint of our responsibility into our values and due to the new London office’s programmes and projects over activities over the last three years practices further and will raise more energy efficient and the last couple of years and the (see Figures 1 and 2). The vast the bar wherever possible. responsive lighting and greater number of staff attending IIED’s 4.0 majority of our emissions came from use of natural light. Fair Ideas event at the Rio+20 staff travel associated with our Summit in June 2012. activities (approximately 85 per – 48 per cent increase in per FTE cent) and the remainder from energy gas emissions — gas usage was – We have invested in video 2.0 used in our offices. Water usage and higher in the new office and so in conferencing equipment in both waste make up just 0.1 per cent. February we installed more highly our UK sites and try to use it as efficient condensing boilers much as possible and we are in Overall our carbon footprint is estimated to reduce our footprint the process of implementing new the same as last year on a per staff further by 6 tCO2e per year. management controls on the NB: Emissions from our water usage and full time equivalent (FTE) basis business case for air travel. waste make up 0.1% of the total footprint. although this followed a sharp Staff travel includes air and rail travel rise of 6 per cent in 2011–12. undertaken by staff in order to deliver Key points include: our activities. IIED Annual Report 2012/13 | www.iied.org/ar2013 65

Unrestricted Unrestricted Restricted Restricted IIED IIED funds funds funds funds total total General Designated Core activities Grant 2013 2012 management Incoming resources £ £ £ £ £ £

Incoming resources from generated funds Voluntary Income – – – – – 21,280 Investment Income 17,061 – 916 6 , 311 24,288 28,318 17,061 – 916 6,311 24,288 49,598 Incoming resources from charitable activities Commissioned studies and research 3,866 1,635 13,861,809 2,386,208 16,253,518 16,945,294 Publications – – 12,835 – 12,835 13,554 3,866 1,635 13,874,644 2,386,208 16,266,353 16,958,848 Other incoming resources 2,845 – 7,497 – 10,342 35,487 Total incoming resources 23,772 1,635 13,883,057 2,392,519 16,300,983 17,043,933

Resources expended Charitable activities Commissioned studies Report by the trustees Independent Opinion and research 38,327 229,986 13,530,940 2,393,539 16,192,762 17,310,531 Publications – – 87,847 – 87,847 222,452 on the Summarised Auditor’s Statement In our opinion the summary financial Governance costs 98,945 – – – 98,945 113 , 8 3 0 Financial Statements to the Members of statement is consistent with the full Total resources expended 137,272 229,986 13,618,787 2,393,539 16,379,584 17,646,813 annual financial statements of The summarised financial International Institute Net income/ International Institute for (expenditure) for the statements are extracted from the for Environment and Environment and Development for year before transfers (113,500) (228,351) 264,270 (1,020) (78,601) (602,880) full statutory trustees’ annual report Development the year ended 31 March 2013 and Transfers between funds (1,563,834) 1,827,084 (264,270) 1,020 – – and financial statements which complies with the applicable Net movement in funds (1,677,334) 1,598,733 – – (78,601) (602,880) were approved by the trustees and We have examined the summary requirements of section 427 of the Funds brought forward signed on their behalf on 18th July financial statement of International Companies Act 2006, and the at 1st April 2012 2,270,918 450,942 – – 2,721,860 3,324,740 2013. The full financial statements, Institute for Environment and regulations made thereunder. Funds carried forward on which the auditors Crowe Clark Development set out on page 65. at 31st March 2013 593,584 2,049,675 – – 2,643,259 2,721,860 Whitehill LLP gave an unqualified Crowe Clark Whitehill LLP audit report on 23rd July 2013, have Respective Statutory Auditor All amounts relate to continuing operations. There are no other recognised gains and losses other than those shown above. been submitted to the Charity London Commission and to the Registrar of responsibilities of Companies. The auditors have directors and auditors confirmed to the trustees that, in Income by donors type Expenditure by group Expenditure by type The directors are responsible for 2012/13 (Total £16.3M) 2012/13 (Total £16.4M) 2012/13 (Total £16.4M) their opinion, the summarised preparing the summarised Annual financial statements are consistent Government and Grant management 15% Programme costs 49% Report in accordance with United government agencies 40% with the full financial statements for Natural resources 25% Collaborating entities 35% Kingdom law. Our responsibility is to International and the year ended 31 March 2013. report to you our opinion on the multilateral agencies 9% Sustainable markets 11% Support costs 16% These summarised financial consistency of the summary Foundations and NGOs 49% Human settlements 13% statements may not contain financial statement within the Corporate 2% Climate change 19% sufficient information to gain a summarised Annual Report with the Governance 1% complete understanding of the full annual financial statements, and Partnerships and development 9% Communications and publications 5% financial affairs of the charity. The its compliance with the relevant Other 2% full statutory trustees report, requirements of section 427 of the financial statements and auditors’ Companies Act 2006 and the 2 report may be obtained from the regulations made thereunder. We 2 company’s offices. conducted our work in accordance 5 16 with Bulletin 2008/3 issued by the 15 Auditing Practices Board. Our 1 9 report on the company’s full annual 40 financial statements describes the 49 basis of our audit opinion on those 49 19 financial statements. 25 35

9 13 11 Contact us International Institute for Environment and Development 80–86 Gray’s Inn Road London WC1X 8NH United Kingdom T: +44 (0)20 3463 7399 F: +44 (0)20 3514 9055 E: [email protected] www.iied.org This report is specially sized to be economical in paper use. The cover is made from 100 per cent recycled board. The text pages are manufactured by an ISO-certified mill, sourced from sustainably managed forests. The full report was sustainably printed by an FSC-certified printer, using vegetable-based inks. Photo credits: P2: Ben Broomfield P9: Tom Broadhurst P16: Espen Rasmussen/Panos P17: Espen Rasmussen/Panos (top); Abdul Wahab (bottom) P18: Flickr/MacJewell P19: Flickr/Gates Foundation P21: Geraldine Galvaing/IIED (top); Riverbank Studio (middle); Yiching Song (bottom) P26: Jovan Baryamujura P27: CSWCT P30: UN Photo/Milton Grant P31: James Mayers/IIED P34-35: Leianne Rolington/IIED P39: Cecilia Tacoli/IIED P51: Mahmud

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