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NAUJAS Leidimas RK Gyvunai 1.P65 LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOS APLINKOS MINISTERIJA LIETUVOS RAUDONOJI KNYGA UDK 502(474.5) Li305 LIETUVOS RAUDONOJI KNYGA RED DATA BOOK OF LITHUANIA LIETUVOS RESPUBLIKOS APLINKOS MINISTERIJA MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF LITHUANIA BOTANIKOS INSTITUTAS INSTITUTE OF BOTANY VILNIAUS UNIVERSITETO EKOLOGIJOS INSTITUTAS INSTITUTE OF ECOLOGY OF VILNIUS UNIVERSITY Vyr. redaktorius Editor-in-chief VALERIJUS RAÐOMAVIÈIUS Redakcinë kolegija Editor board JONAS AUGUSTAUSKAS, POVILAS IVINSKIS, JURGA MOTIEJÛNAITË, SELEMONAS PALTANAVIÈIUS, LIUTAURAS RAUDONIKIS Lietuviø kalbà redagavo Editors of Lithuanian language RASA LAJIENË, INESA ORANSKYTË Anglø kalbà redagavo Editor of English language ALBINA STRUNGA Maketavo Layout MINDAUGAS KIRSTUKAS © Lietuvos Respublikos aplinkos ministerija © Botanikos institutas © Vilniaus universiteto Ekologijos institutas Leidykla LUTUTË, 2007 ISBN 978-9955-692-71-3 LUTUTË, Publishing Company, 2007 Gerbiamas skaitytojau, Tavo rankose itin svarbi, itin reikalinga knyga. Reikalinga ir þmonëms, ir gamtai, o ypaè visiems joje apraðytiesiems grybams, augalams, gyvûnams. Raudona spalva tarsi perspëja, kad tik nuo mûsø priklauso tolesnis ðiø retø ir nykstanèiø rûðiø likimas, kad tik mûsø rûpesèiu gali pagerëti jø bûklë. Nors Raudonosios knygos samprata jau senokai tapo áprasta sàvoka, taèiau paèiai knygai, kurià inicijavo þymiau- si pasaulio gamtininkai, tëra tik 40 metø. Per tuos keturis deðimtmeèius nuveikta dideliø darbø iðsaugotos kai kuriø visame pasaulyje nykstanèiø rûðiø populiacijos, sudarytos sàlygos joms iðlikti ir gyvuoti. Deja, ir Raudono- ji knyga nëra visagalë nemaþai rûðiø tebëra ties iðnykimo riba. Dël to nerimauja ne tik mokslininkai, bet ir visa tarptautinë bendruomenë. Lietuvos raudonoji knyga yra kiek jaunesnë. Ji tik kà perkopë trisdeðimtmetá. Pirmoji nacionalinë Raudonoji knyga, patvirtinta 1976 metais, labiausiai pasitarnavo joje áraðytiems augalams ir gyvûnams. Ji ne tik padëjo apsaugoti nuo sunaikinimo vertingas pelkes, upelius ir jø slënius, pievas ir girias, bet ir paskatino tirti retàsias rûðis, jø bûklæ bei gyvenamas vietas. Gerokai pailgëjæ vëlesni Lietuvos raudonosios knygos sàraðai liudijo anaiptol ne prastëjanèià bûklæ, o tai, kad gausëja þiniø ir duomenø. Knyga, kurià dabar laikote savo rankose, yra daugelio þmoniø triûso vaisius. Jos rengëjus ir autorius sutelkë bendras tikslas pagerinti retøjø rûðiø bûklæ, atkurti ar stiprinti gresianèias iðnykti populiacijas. Ir mûsø mokslo bendruomenë, ir valstybë skiria daug dëmesio bei pastangø retoms bei nykstanèioms grybø, augalø ir gyvûnø rûðims iðsaugoti. Dël ðiø rûðiø ir jø gyvenamø vietø ateities galësime bûti visiðkai ramûs tik tada, kai Raudonosios knygos keliami tikslai taps visuomenës poreikiu. Gamtosauga, kad ir kaip paradoksaliai skamba ðie þodþiai, skirta saugoti gamtà nuo þmogaus. Svarbiausias dalykas, kà turime padaryti, kad ðis santykis pasikeistø, kad jokia grybø, augalø ar gyvûnø rûðis nebûtø pasmerkta iðnykti, leisti gamtai gyventi pagal jos dësnius ir netaikyti jai savøjø. Raudonoji knyga turëtø tapti kasdieniu priminimu kiekvienam ið mûsø, kad norëdami groþëtis ir dþiaugtis gamta, jà turime ne tik mylëti, gerbti, bet ir saugoti. Turinys Autoriai .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Ávadas ................................................................................................................................................................................. 6 Leidinio struktûra ............................................................................................................................................................. 9 Padëkos ........................................................................................................................................................................... 11 Lietuvos raudonosios knygos rûðiø sàraðas............................................................................................................... 12 Literatûra ir dokumentai ............................................................................................................................................... 20 Karalystë Gyvûnai Animalia ........................................................................................................................................ 21 Tipas Þieduotosios kirmëlës Annelida ....................................................................................................................... 22 Tipas Moliuskai Mollusca............................................................................................................................................. 24 Tipas Nariuotakojai Arthropoda ................................................................................................................................... 30 Tipas Chordiniai Chordata ......................................................................................................................................... 155 Literatûra ....................................................................................................................................................................... 272 Karalystë Augalai Plantae .......................................................................................................................................... 273 Skyrius Raudondumbliai Rhodophyta ....................................................................................................................... 274 Skyrius Rudadumbliai Phaeophyta ............................................................................................................................ 276 Skyrius Maurabragûnai Charophyta .......................................................................................................................... 278 Skyrius Samanos (Brijûnai) Bryophyta ...................................................................................................................... 289 Skyrius Pataisûnai Lycopodiophyta............................................................................................................................ 383 Skyrius Asiûklûnai Equisetophyta ............................................................................................................................. 387 Skyrius Ðertvûnai Polypodiophyta.............................................................................................................................. 389 Skyrius Spygliuoèiai (Puðûnai) Pinophyta ................................................................................................................ 398 Skyrius Þiediniai augalai (Magnolijûnai) Magnoliophyta ..................................................................................... 400 Literatûra ....................................................................................................................................................................... 616 Karalystë Grybai Fungi .............................................................................................................................................. 617 Skyrius Aukðliagrybûnai Ascomycota ....................................................................................................................... 618 Skyrius Papëdgrybûnai Basidiomycota ..................................................................................................................... 633 Skyrius Aukðliagrybûnai Ascomycota Kerpës (Ascomycetes lichenisati) ...............................................................................................................................731 Lietuviðkø vardø rodyklë ............................................................................................................................................ 790 Lotyniðkø vardø rodyklë ............................................................................................................................................. 795 4 Autoriai Authors TEKSTØ AUTORIAI TEXT AUTHORS Gyvûnai Animals Dalia Aidukaitë, Jonas Augustauskas, Kazimieras Ba- Dalia Aidukaitë, Jonas Augustauskas, Kazimieras Bara- ranauskas, Petras Bluzma, Gediminas Brazaitis, Edu- nauskas, Petras Bluzma, Gediminas Brazaitis, Eduardas ardas Budrys, Egidijus Bukelskis, Mindaugas Dagys, Budrys, Egidijus Bukelskis, Mindaugas Dagys, Dalius Dalius Dapkus, Deivis Dementavièius, Eugenijus Dro- Dapkus, Deivis Dementavièius, Eugenijus Drobelis, Ro- belis, Romas Ferenca, Gediminas Graþulevièius, Al- mas Ferenca, Gediminas Graþulevièius, Albertas Gurs- bertas Gurskas, Povilas Ivinskis, Vytautas Jusys, Rim- kas, Povilas Ivinskis, Vytautas Jusys, Rimvydas Juðkai- vydas Juðkaitis, Algirdas Kaupinis, Vytautas Kesmi- tis, Algirdas Kaupinis, Vytautas Kesminas, Mindaugas nas, Mindaugas Maèiulis, Virginijus Monsevièius, Se- Maèiulis, Virginijus Monsevièius, Selemonas Paltanavi- lemonas Paltanavièius, Þydrûnas Preikða, Liutauras èius, Þydrûnas Preikða, Liutauras Raudonikis, Rimas Raudonikis, Rimas Repeèka, Jolanta Rimðaitë, Saulis Repeèka, Jolanta Rimðaitë, Saulis Skuja, Grita Skujienë, Skuja, Grita Skujienë, Jurgita Sorokaitë, Vitas Stane- Jurgita Sorokaitë, Vitas Stanevièius, Bronius Ðablevi- vièius, Bronius Ðablevièius, Giedrius Ðvitra, Rimgau- èius, Giedrius Ðvitra, Rimgaudas Treinys, Tomas Ûsai- das Treinys, Tomas Ûsaitis, Vytautas Uselis, Gintau- tis, Vytautas Uselis, Gintautas Vaitonis, Giedrius Vaivi- tas Vaitonis, Giedrius Vaivilavièius, Algirdas Vilkas. lavièius,
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