APLtarI{trWS

NEW FROM APL PRESS A Source Book in API-Papers bg : Atlin D. Falkoff . Kenneth E. Iver- son 139 pages, rsBN 0-917326-10-5, (paper) $10.35 This collection of fundamental pa- pers by Adin Falkoff and Ken Iver- son provides background material for teachers and students of ApL. In a course on ApL, the focus is neces- sarily on the details of the language and its use. Often, there is not elrough time to give the purpose for any given rule, nor how one piece of the language relates to the whole. The articles in A Source Book in APL deal with the more funclarnen- tal issues of the language. These pa- pers appeared in widely scatterecl sources, over a period of many years, and many are not at all easy to find. A Source Book in APL conlains Ivelson's'Formalism in Pr.ogram APL PRESS features APL Rogues' Gallery at APL Mollieo pcLtlick (ApL 81 ming Languages," "Convenr ions PaESS) tulcl Al McDonn,ell (left) look on as Pete McDotneII (tight) sketcltes Leslie Governing Order Evaluation,', GoLdstnitlt's (1. P. Sltat2 Associutes) clTricqhlre et tlle ApL pr'lslj boo t. Leslie's like- of Language,". ttess .joitted tlLe tanks of the burgeoning "APL chat octet, ,set' Disible in, te ba,ck- "Algebra as a ',Pro- tio't rhl. gramming Style in err,," "Notation as a Tool of Thought," and "The In- ductive Method of Introducing .rrr-." Also incluclecl are "The Design of APL" and "The Evolution of epr," bv " APL PRESS GOES WEST In this issue: Jeff Shallit's apl A. D. Falkoff and K. E. Iverson. explores E. E. McDonnell's introduction APL PREss has moved again and is errY SLowly Shrinking Squares. puts the papers in perspective, and now alive and well in Palo Alto. lpr, Attd, as usual, Jeff issues an err, challenge. A new feature* also gives some fascinating early his- PRESS continues to offer books and tory of eel, including how pamphlets the GUEST cor,uMN-reveals the wit it got its on Apr-including two name and having got how new publications, and wisdom of J. C. L. Guest. epl it, it al- A Source Book in most lost il. APL and The Four Cube Problem CHARACTERS gives members of the community issued in 1981. elr, an opportunity to The Four Cube Problem E. E. submit pholographs Having survived the trip across of "Great Mo- McDonnell, 27 pages, rsBN 0-912326- ments in ApL," wHAT's A the Rockies, we're reviving ,lr,z and IN 11-3, (paper) $2.25 uelrn: challenges you IE'WS, our occasional publication de- to contdbute interesting or amusing alternative Some years before Rubik came voted to announcements and sum- along with his intriguing cube, there maries publications, uses of the acronlrm ApL. In addi- of our informa- was another cube puzzle-not so tion about elr, meetings, and brief tion, ApL ANNoUNCEMENTS details up- coming -e.rr, gatherings. difficult to solve. but challenging articles of interest to the apl com- Finally, arr, PREss PUBLrcATIows provides nonetheless. The Four Cube Prob- munity. We welcome conLributions a de- scription of all current ApL pREss lenz presents two variations of com- fo:r ,tpt nDws as well as comments puter solutions to this puzzle. pRESs publications and their prices. Enjoy! and suggestions regarding ApL Our languages influence the way publications. rAt we think, and this is no doubt as true for programming languages as APL PRESS for natwal ones. The Four Cube 220 California Avenue Problem shows how eestc and ePL Palo Alto, CA 94306 give different shapes to our percep- (4r5) 32'.t-1700 of problem solving. The book- tions pRnss let includes complete and well- ApL currently offers the publications listed on the order form. Prices documented programs for both solu- are in U.S. dollars and do not include shipping and handling. Please use the tions, and then provides an analysis form, and we'll bill you for shipping and handling. of the differences between them. Quantity Title Each Total The BASIc solution won first prize programming contest. (The APL in a AIg ebrd-An ALg orithmic T reatment, Iverson $10.75 program wasn't an entry.) The BAsIc solution help exemplifying can't So\utions for Algebra 1.75 what John Backrs cal]'s the oon Neutnann bottleneck. The apl solu- APL and Insight, Berry et al 5.25 tion, on the other hand, uses no loops, no recursion, and no vari- APL in Enpositton, Iverson ables! The Ajr, solution is written in the Colculus ht a Ne,o Key. Otlt' style Backus c ls Junctional pro- func- gramming. Backus devised E lementaty Anal ysis, Iverson tional progr:amming as a way out of the problems he sees with contem- The Four Cube Problem, McDonnell porary programming languages. When used with the d,irect d,ert,nition Introd,ucing APL to Teachers, Iverson form devised by Kenneth E. Iver- son, functional programming leads An Introduction to APL toa highly articulated method of Scientists antl Engi,neers, Iverson .95 program writing. This new kind of for programming technology finds a nat- Reference Card, .35 ural home in an epl environment. fit Res'tstiae Circuit Theory, Spence 13.95 APL PRESS lfl- Puhlitations Starmqp P. C. Beny and J. C. A Source Book in APL, Falkoff & Iverson 10.35 _ Thorstensen, 41 pages, ISBN 0-917326-07- 5, (paper) $3.45 Stotvnap, Berry & Thorstensen 3.45 Stonrop provides a simple APL model of the solar system. The functions are writ- 19s0 APL Users Meeting, I. P. Sharp Associates 20,75 ten so as to make clear the structure of the underlying model by providing for- - mal definitions for a vocabulary of terms Subtotal and concepts familiar in astronomy. Star included so that the APL func- tables are Tax (California residents tions, together with standar d plotting Sales only) functions. permit a user at an epL termi nal to produce a map of the sky as it Shipping & handling - should appear above any place on Ealth, at any time of day, over a considerable - range of dates. Total APLT& NEWS Published occasionally by APL PREss, Ship to: 220 Cali'forniz Ave., Palo Alto, CA 94306. Ph. (4r5) 327-1700 Name Publisher: Eugene E. McDonnell Title Arlene E. Lzzarello Editor: Organization APL PLAY: JEff ShAIIit GUEST COLUMN: J. C. L. GUCST Address Business Mgr: MollieO Patrick Oity 01982 APL PREss. All rights by State/Zip reserved. Printed in the United States of America. 4t82 APL PRESS fil Putrli.atiorr" Introducing APL to Teqchers Ken' neth E. Iverson, 25 pages, lsBN 0- 97'1326-03-2, (paper) g .95 In introducing the use of a computer to teachers, it is desirable to start as sooa as possible q,'ith material which they can see is relevant to their topic and their students, and to avoid digressions con- cerning the computer and computer lan- guage. This book presents such an intro- duction to APL for teachers of high school mathematics. Much of this material Jeff Shallit should also be suitable for teachers of other topics at other levels, although they would benefit from auxiliary mate- rial specifically addressed to the topic of Sloutly interest. CON?EN?S: Introductian, Expei- Shfinking lnentatiotr, Systettatic E ty.tetitnentatioll, M tLLtipliccrtion cottl Other F itctio)t T(r- bles. Crophs and Bar Chafis. Indering Squares and. Cltaracters, ExpLoring Functions of OrLe Argumenl, DeJining New Func- Psrt 1 tiotts. Inuet'se Functions, S,u.nunatio.n and Otlrer Functions oae1. e List, Fac- toring, Linear Expressio)ts, Line&r Equ- at;otib. TuLles ond Graphs oJ Lineot F,r rclions. Pol!ror,inls, Genercllzing u Futzction by Use o.f Putterns, TIte Posi- lioe Inlpqprc, St,t,,tolion o[ Senes, Power Seties, DilJbrencing d Function, Colnbinatioits and BinoniTl Coefrt- Consider a 2-by-2 matrix M with nonnegative integer cients, Iter"atiott, ReJercnces to Otlrcr To- entries. We can form a new matrix by pics, References, SutnnatA of Notqtion taking the absolute values of the difference between adjacent elements. For An Introduction to APL for Scientists examPle: qnd Engineers Kenneth E. Iyerson, 26 ?: I ar-eQar pages, ISBN 0-917326-04-0, (paper) $.95 M This is an introduction to ApL addressed to the scientist or engineer and is de- 13 7 signed to exploit any previous acquain- 30 27 tance u/ith the very similar notation of ril vector algebra. A careful study of these 6 14 pages should bring readers to the point S where they can begin to make serious 7-7 use of ApL in some topic of interest to You may be surprised to find that successtve them. An ApI- terminal. while not abso- applications of ? seem to reduce any matrix very quickly to lutely essential, greatly adds to the 2 zp0. For the matrix l, above, it takes on ly fou r depth and interest of the work. application s of ?. The pleasure and efficiency o[ learning by experimentation is not sufficiently ap- TTTTTl preciated, and the first six pages are de- 00 signecl to encourage this type of use of a 00 terminal in learning ApL. Two pages are _ Why do repeated applications of ? eventually "annihilate" devoted to a variety of identities and (send to 0) any matrix? proofs expressed in ell, Let's look at what hippens to the maximum element of the matrix lZ when we apply We can APL in Exposition Kenneth ?. E. Iver- assume that the maximum element is ittl;11 (why?). Then son, 61 pages, rSBN 0-917326-02-4, atler M a of functions. 6.3 Since Lpt is a straightforward and 7 3139 precise notation, it has been possible to 8 1175 2.3 place a greater than normal burden on 307 .6 I ., the exercises. This is reflected in their '10 108 number and variety, and in the fact that 1l 34 .t interesting and nontdvial results are de- 't2 6 <,.1 veloped in them. The extensive exer- <.1 cises make it possible to foster a great 13 3 deal of indepenclent work on the part of 15 1 <.1 the students. Finally, the exercises can You should now try to find matrices that require many be used effectively in courses devoted to applications of f to be annihilated. Let's call them "slowly teaching the APL language itself. Because APL applies to vectors and shrinking squares. " matrices (or Lists a\d tables, as they are ln the next installment of APL PLAY, we will exhibit a 2- cal1ed in the algebra text) in a simple by-2 matrix with elements having values of less than u00 and uniform manner, tables are used ex- which is annihilated by 17 applications of ?. We'll also show tensively to give a graphic view of func- Elwyn BerlekamP, and we'll discuss produc- a clever solution by tions by displaying the patterns other approaches to slowly shrinking sguares. ed by applying them to vectors. They problem' are also used to clarify topics which use Thanks to Blair Gibb for suggesting this vectors directly, such as linear functions and poll.nomials. Pleose send your APL PLAY answers to Jeff Shollit ot The noiation provides a simple explicit Department of Mothemdtics, Evons Hall, University of means for function definition. and the Colifornia, Berkeley, CA 94720. notio:n of function is emphasized in all three texts. The Elementary Analysis V, and, C{LLcuLus in a New KeA lexts em- NOTE TNOU THE PIJBLISHER: ploy a particularly simple and effeetive relief that we fom (that coyers recursive definition) It is with a mixture of embarrassment and item appeared in ealled d"ir e ct cl'eJinilio n. report on the results of the APL PLAY that the special edition of APL NEWS distributed at APL 8l in San \PL PRESS lfl Puhli<'atiuns F rancisco. 1980 APL Users Meeting Sponsored The embarrassment comes about as follows: as the special bv I. P. Sharp Associates Limited, 648 edition was being put together at the last minute, I received pages, (paper) $20.75 a message from Jeff Shallit, our APL PL.AY editor. (By the These proceedings of the conference in way, Jefl was at APL 81 . lf you were there, you may have Toronto include more than fifty papers seen him when he gave his paper on "lnfinite Arrays and covering topics in each of lhe following Diagonalization," although more likely you saw him as he ran sessions: Mon crgirg APL Resoutces; APL for FinatLcial AppLications; Appli- the T-shirt concession.) This is the way we printed the cotions in the A:uiation Industty; Inter contents of Jeff's "message": national, Net:Loorks for Corporate Com- tnuniccltions; APL for Plccnning, Fore- !,PLPLAY I Out APL P laj editor asks you to find two expr€ssions, each casting, and Econ,omics; Person.nel and" six characters or less, the first to produce the vector 0 0 I 0 l, and the Record, Systems; In-house second to produce the vector 0 I 0 0 l. Handling APL Titne'shaing Seruices; APL for Decision Sttpy:tot"t Systerns; Priuctte Data When I saw Jeff at the conference, I thanked him for having Bttsps: A Ditnuotio; Atgorithn Jt APL: submitted this puzzle at the last minute. Jeff's face APL Teehriques ond Pro!t','m,ui,tg dropped, and he said, "What do you mean? That was no Tools: S ttpcio llzeJ APL Applitotio,ts: Applications tlrc Energy Industty; contribution ! I was looking for help! I was trying to build a in possible patterns, Teachtng APL; Data ManipuLation and, iist of expressioni foi all 5-bit Boolean Displa ll Tcrhn)q,tps: Atngs: Electro,tic and those two had me stumped!" Mail; Euent Hand,Ling; Forecasting and" Well, the relief I feel is because several readers Econometric Modeling; Sherccl Vqri- submitted solutions to the puzzle. The keen contestants are ables; Recortl Hawlling Systents; The Bob Wolfson, of Upjohn Co. in Kalamazoo, Ml, Tom Package Data Tgpe. Springall, of Southport, CT, Stephen D. Lewis and Alan Resistive Circuit Theory R. L. Sharpe, of the University of Alberta, and Gerald W. SpeDce, 279 pages, (paper) $13.95 Hoencke of Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Sunnyvale, This freshman level intloduction to cir- CA. We now have many solutions to the pnoblems, in both 0- cuit theory is limited to resistive circuits (linear and nonlinear) and employs lrl origin and 1-origin. Hene they are: as lhe mathematical notation. The executability of APL permits a student to 0 01 01 in O-origin:0,21r4 IWolf son ] experiment u'ith a wide variety of cir" 0<-\r5 ISpringall] cuits. and thereby gain insigh{ in{o cir- 15-\r5 IHoencke] cuit behavior and the structures oI cir- Hoencke] cuit theory, Circuit topology is tlescribecl 2la0ts I by the node-branch incidence matrix; 0 0 1 0 I in l-origin: APL makes possible simple explicii ex pressions for conductance and impedance son, Lewis E Sharpe, Hoencke] 0>\rs [Wolf matrices, and for Kirchhoff 's laws, 1<-\r5 I Springa ll, Lewis t Sharpel CHAPTERS: Cirait Design; Mea- 25-\r5 I Lewis a Slla rpe] surenLent qnd Mod,eling of 2-Tenttinql 1<+\r5 [Lewis E Sharpe] Components; Com'ponent Intel'conlxec tion; Saurces antl Power; Signals; Mea- stLrentent and Modeling of 0 1 0 0 1 in 0-origin: 1=31r5 Wolf son l Cotnporcrfs: TopologlJ: C irc'r'-Tetlttinal, il Dcsr'ip- 2l3l15 Sp rin ga lll tion: Linear Circu;it Analgsis; Linear 1=5p13 Lewis t, Sha rpe] Circuit Properties; Nonlinear Circu,it 215p13 Lewis E Sharpe] Analysis; Small Signal Behauior of 21201s Lewis & Sharpe] Nonli,near Circuits 2T3Tr5 Lewis E Sha rpel APL aruI Insight P. Berry, G. Bartoii, 1=3T15 Lewis E Sha rpel C. Dell'Aquila, V. Spadavecchia, 89 pages, ISBN 0-9U326-08-3 $5.25 The last two really don't differ significantly from the This book discusses the use of APL to represent concepts in teaching. It in- first two. Springall's is particularly nice. cludes examples drawn from elementary physics and computer science, and dis- 0 1 0 0 1 in l-origin: cusses the programming style approp- riate use in teaching. The main 10>\ r 5 [Wolfson, Lewis E Sha rpe] to Hoencke] themes arc lhal the key concepts of seli 2=31r5 ISpringall, ous disciplines can be represented as 2=5pr3 ILewis E Sharpe, Hoencke] functions; that APl, pernits a readable 2=3Tr5 I Lewis a Sha rpe] formal definition of a function and a means of executing iU and that it is pos- The last isn't essentially different irom the second. sible to write progmms so that they cor- Congratulations to all the contesfants, and thanks for respond directly to the functional con- extricating us from our embarrassing hole. tAr cepts of a discipline. GUEST COLUMN APL Blossom Time tune ?/r'e The memories I wrote about in "APL A nostalgic reminiscence of the early days of ,ui,, remembered to the of Blossom Time" were stirred bY the Bollle oI Netu Orlea s. prospect of seeing, at APL 81, manY Back in the old days, in 1962, V friends that I hadn't seen for a long A feller'named Ken Iverson decided what to do. time. The melody was suggested bY He gathered all the papers he'd been wriring fer a spell a song that was poPular on KFAT, And he put tbem in a little book and called it epr. the stereo t'ttt voice of Gilroy, Garlic lot Well. . . Capita.l of the World. I Put in a He got him a jot and he got him a ravel of grave-shift hours during the lat- And he rewed his compression up as high as she could go ter part of 1981, and KFAr was mY And he did some reduction and he did some expansion early morning companlon. (J work at And he sheltered all his numbers with a ceiling and a flo'. Teresa Laboratory tBM's Santa Now Sussenguth and Falkoff, they thought it would be fine distance of which is within sniffing To use the niw notation to describe the product line. Gilroy.) They got with Dr, Iverson and went behind the scenes One of the most poPular songs on And wrote a clear descriplion of a batch of new machines. KFAT at the time was a takeoff on Battle of New Orleans" bY Well. . . "The down dots they wrote down squiggles and a lead singer They wrote ?nd Hank Williams, Jr. wrote down symbols that they didn't even knovr He And they whose name I never learned. And they wrote down questions when they didn't kno\i'-the answers had apparently worked for both Anrl they made Lhe Syslems Journal in nineteen sixty-fo' I{ank, Sr. and Hank, Jr., and the sons was a hilarious account of his Now writing dots and squiggles is a mighty pleasant task questions that a lot of people ask. The combination o[ nos- But it doesn't answer e*piriences. interpreter for folks who couldn't read and the discov- Ken needed an talgia, a catchy tune, to Californ-i-a to talk to Larry Breed. erv that Jim Brown was a guitar So he hiked he got Phil Abrams vifruoso d.id it. My memories took Oh. he got Larry Breed and - - just - go form of the song we all sang at And the.-y started coding FoRTRAN as fast as they could the reader 81. feel very grateful to the And they punched up cards and ran them through the APL I ninety oh. performers-whom some now call In Stanfbrd, Palo Allo, on the seventy lhe epl Corral-who did such an Well a FORTRAN batch interpreter's a mighty awesome thing outstanding job of presenting it on But while it hums a pretty tune it doesnt really sing. \/ stage. The thing that we all had to have to-rnut" o,t" iiu"r-r,,tli-" progtam that would let us share ihe time. -J- C. L Guest Was an iinteractive got Moore and they got Dick Laihwell, Oh, they Roger . - .tna thdy got G""e McDonnell with his carets and his sticks, MICRO APL And you s-hould've heard the uproar in the Hudson River valley When they saved the fiIst CLt4ffsP,4CE in 1966. Both APL 81 and the ?th West Well, when AI Rose saw this he took a little ride Coast Computer Faire in San Fran- ln a big sLation wagon with a t)Te ball by his side. demonstra- cisco featured numerous He did a lot of teaching and he had a lot of tun tions of full-blown APL systems on With an old, bent, beat-up 2741. microcomputers. "Where can I get and it out circles APL on a micro?" was the question Oh, it tlTed out stars typed And it iwisted and it wiggled just like a living thing. visitors to the APL PRESS exhibit at fed it a tape when he couldn't get a phone line Faire last month most Al the Computer And it purrea like a tiger with its trainer in the ring. frequently asked us. There are too many manufactur- Now, there's much more to the story, but I just donlt have the time ers currently offering APL for per- (And I doubt you have the patience) lor an even longer rh;'rne' of the tale I hope to tell sonal computing for us to list them So I'm endingthis first chapter Iverson's notation blossomed into APL. i\ APL NEws. APL Micro RePort bY Of how Mokurai Cherlin offers a directory of So. . hardware and software manufactur- Keep writing zands when you're rLot wtiling neithers, ers, and also reviews e.Pl software And poinl with an arrow to the place you'r/ant to be, svstems for micros. API Micro Re- But don't forgel to bless those early APt- sources an APL tree' p"od is available for $26 u.s from Who preserved the liitle seedling that became APL Market Place, P.O. Box 5314, Mt. Carmel, CT 06518. €r

PRESS Prlbli"utiot \./ APL f,l " Reference Card $ .35. Complete sum- Ded,icated to the pioneers of APL with tvspect and affection bg mary of APLsv on a wallet-sized plastic card ,1. C. L. Guest APL ANNOUNCEMENTS APL 82-Heidelberg July 26-30, 1982 by APl-Club-Germany and Deutsches Krebsforschungs- zentrum in cooperation with ecrra's sIGAPL, the German Association for Informatics (GI), and the Gesell- schaft frir Mathematik, Okonomie und Operations Research (cMoEoR), APL 82 will feature technical papers covering eel applications, implemen- tations, education, interfaces, data bases, and APL's use in research. For further information, con- tact: Ken Waller, APL 82 Confer- ence General Chairman, Sybron Corporation, 1100 Midtown Tower, Rochester, NY 14604 or Dr. 'Jf?tlft*ig Janko, APL 82 Program Chairman, Universitdt Karlsruhe, Institut fiir Betriebswirtschafts- Iehre-Unternehmensfiihrung, Post- fach 6380, 7500 Karlsruhe 1, West Germany. J. C. L. Guest at lq.Et! Co.ught in an unguarded inoment q,t APL 81, LalW Breed, (liglLt), the eLusiue J. C. L. Guest* (center), and Gene McDonnell (lejl) remember th,e 1982 APL Users Meeting*Toronto halcgon days when |uel"son notation blossomed, into APL. October 4-6, 1982 *a.k.a. Mike Montq,Ibano, IBM, ScLnt(L Teresa Photo bg Arlene Azzarell.o Hosted by I. P. Sharp Associates Limited, the 1982 APL Users Meet- ing will be held at the Westin Hotel \-- 'l'oronto. 'l'hc h program {eaLures As all apl-nuts know, one of the We'll return your photos whether or lhree days of workshops on intro- things which distinguishes ePl from not we publish them. ducing ,rel, managing eel, and eel other programming languages is its To iaunch our feature, we offer a training. There will also be technical unique character set. There is picture from recent ApL history. At- sessions treating topics such as de- another set of characters involved tendees of APL 81's banquet at the signing secure APL systems, mea- with APL-the people who've worked San Francisco Hilton will recall the surement techniques, and dfficiency. on the design and implementation of enthusiastic rendering of a new tune Application sessions will cover ApL the language over the years. ApL from the pen of the legendary in international banking, budgeting NEws would like to feature "historic" J. C. L. Guest. With the assistance systems, and decision support sys- photos of these APL characters in fu- of Peter Wooster's (I. P. Sharp As- tems. In addition to the scheduled ture issues. sociatesr overhead transpalencies, papers ancl workshops, Sunday, Oe- We invite you to submit photos- Larry Breed, Jim Brou'n, John tober 3, has been reserved for the older the better-for our lpr, Bunda. Diana Dloughy. Al O'Hara, courses introducing APL to financial cHARACTERS column. We'd like to and Rob Skinner (all currently with planners, statisticians, economists, see black and white prints shouing mu) led the gathering in singing a managers, and actuaries. "great moments in epl." It would new hit called "epl Blossom Time." For fudher information, or for a help if you identify the epl charac- The hall resounded with laughter copy of the 1982 APL Users Meet- ters in the picture and provide a during this reminiscence of the early poster, ing contact: Rosanne Wild, brief description of the story behind days of eel, and J. C. L. Guest en- I. P. Sharp Associates Limited, Box the photo (location, circumstances, tertained us in style once again. 418, Exchange Tower, 2 First Cana- date, photographer, and so on). €l dian Place, Toronto, Ontario M5X 1E3, Phone (416) 364-5361. APl83-Washington, D.C. April 10-13, 1983 guages, programming, and eel as a proceedings, Dec. 6, 1982. The Progr:am Chairrnan for sIGAPL's tool for management. For further information contact: APL83 has issued a call for papers Draf|s of JulI popers (four copies) Tom Puckett, APL83 Program rn all aspects of .lel including com- should be submitted to the Program Chairman, 2000 Wyoming, Las ial and scientific applications, Chairman for review according to Cruces, NM 88001, Phone (:505) 522- language features, implementations, the following schedule: drafts sub- 6017 or Don Link, APL83 Confer- interfaces with other systems, tuto- mitted for review, June 27, 1982; au- ence General Chairman, srsc,2115 rials, using APL in education, teach- thors notified of acceptance, Sept. East Jefferson Street, Rockville, ing ApL, interactions with other lan- 27 , 1982; camera-ready copy due for MD 20852, Phone (301) 984-5333. fir tion to A Source Book in APL cently surprised to find APL standing WHAT'S IN A NAME? notes, APL has had a number of for All-Purpose Linotype in Marshall publishing All ,a.pT, afficionados know that apl is meanings in a number of fields. In Lee's Booknaking. a in- the acronym for A Progtamming addition to McDonnell's chronicling dustry reference having nothing to Language. There have, of course, of enl's signiffcance to Johns HoP- do with gambling. been mmors of a move afoot kins University, George Dodd, and We invite you to submit other amongst the hardcore advocates of the shipping industry, we've latelY current uses of "epr,." The reward is APL to change its name to IPL, or become aware of some other uses of that we'll print the first report we simply rl- as in The Programming the acronym. Paul Berry discovered receive of each unique usage along Language, or just The Language. mention of the "American Patriots' with the name of the person who Nevertheless, APL continues to League" in a Wondet Woman comic submits it. Watch for wHArs IN A name both within and with- some time back. Jeff Shallit reports t,lanlr: in upcoming issues of u'l enjoy a just out the computing community APL representing the Armenian Ntlls to see how Pervasive eel (pun[s] possibly intended). Presbyterian League in Philadel- really is ! As Eugene McDonnell's introduc- phia. And, Arlene Azzarello was re- rEr

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