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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY of PUBLIC SERVICE the DOCTORAL SCHOOL of MILITARY SCIENCE Shkëndije Geci Sherifi Shaping Foreign and Securi

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NATIONAL UNIVERSITY of PUBLIC SERVICE the DOCTORAL SCHOOL of MILITARY SCIENCE Shkëndije Geci Sherifi Shaping Foreign and Securi NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF PUBLIC SERVICE THE DOCTORAL SCHOOL OF MILITARY SCIENCE Shkëndije Geci Sherifi Shaping Foreign and Security Policy of a Newly Independent State The Case of Kosovo Supervisor: Professor Zoltán Szenes, CSc _____________________ Budapest, 2019 Acknowledgements I would like to thank my mentor, Professor Zoltán Szenes, for his continuous support in accomplishing this thesis This work is dedicated to my children, Ene and especially my daughter Nisa who presents an endless source of inspiration and love ii Contents Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 CHAPTER 1 - Foreign and Security Policy Shaping – the Case of Kosovo ....................... 6 1.1. Problem Definition ........................................................................................................ 6 1.2. Literature Review ......................................................................................................... 7 1.3. Research Questions ..................................................................................................... 15 1.4. Research Objectives .................................................................................................... 16 1.5. Hypotheses ................................................................................................................... 16 1.6. Research Methodology ............................................................................................... 18 1.7. Structure of the Thesis................................................................................................ 21 CHAPTER 2 - Theoretical Framework ............................................................................... 24 2.1. Defining the Complex Meaning of Security in the Framework of this Study ....... 24 2.2. Realism and Neorealism– Limits of Applications in the Case of Kosovo .............. 26 2.3. Liberalism in the Context of a Newly Independent State ....................................... 35 2.4. Neoliberalism and its Effects...................................................................................... 39 2.5. Constructivism – Is it Compliant to Kosovo............................................................. 41 2.6. The Copenhagen School as the Core Theory of this Thesis .................................... 43 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 47 CHAPTER 3 - Security Context in Kosovo from the Recent History to Present Day .... 49 3.1. A Short Outline of the Security Context of Kosovo from the Recent History ...... 49 3.2. Peaceful Resistance as a Tool for Security ............................................................... 53 3.3. The Rise of the Kosovo Liberation Army ................................................................. 57 3.4. United Nations Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) ........................................................... 59 3.5. Demilitarization of KLA and the Creation of the Kosovo Protection Corps ........ 62 iii 3.6. Kosovo Security Force towards a Fully-Fledged Army .......................................... 66 3.7. The Transformation of the Kosovo Security Force into an Army ......................... 70 3.7.1. Roadmap of the Process of Transformation of the Armed Force .......................... 81 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................. 85 CHAPTER 4 - The Role of International Organizations in Kosovo ................................. 87 4.1. The Importance of International Organizations in Kosovo .................................... 87 4.2. International Steering Group (ISG) .......................................................................... 89 4.3. International Civilian Office (ICO) ........................................................................... 89 4.4. OSCE Mission in Kosovo ........................................................................................... 96 4.5. Enhancement of Kosovo-OSCE Relations from another Perspective ................. 101 4.6. The Role of NATO in Kosovo – Security and Beyond ........................................... 104 4.6.1. The Importance of Membership in the Adriatic Charter (A5)............................. 112 4.6.2. Partnership for Peace as an Important Step towards Integration in NATO ...... 113 4.7. The Role of EULEX in Security Dynamics in the Region ..................................... 116 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 122 CHAPTER 5 - Foreign and Security Policy driven by EU and NATO integration ...... 125 5.1. Key Institutions in Charge of Security Policy Making .......................................... 125 5.2. Security Legislation in Kosovo - EU and NATO Harmonization Challenges ..... 130 5.3. Rule of Law ................................................................................................................ 131 5.4. Police .......................................................................................................................... 134 5.5. Euro-Atlantic Integration from the Foreign and Security Perspective ............... 137 5.6. Croatia’s National Security Strategy- a Newly independent state in EU and NATO .................................................................................................................................... 145 5.7. An Analysis of the First Security Strategy of Kosovo ........................................... 150 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 155 iv CHAPTER 6 - Development of the “Evaluation Framework” ........................................ 157 6.1. “Evaluation Framework” as an Inventive Instrument for the NSS ..................... 157 6.2. The Format of the “Evaluation Framework” ........................................................ 160 6.3. The Outset of the Evaluation Scale ......................................................................... 165 6.4. The “Justifications” Rubric ..................................................................................... 167 6.5. The “Reasons” Rubric .............................................................................................. 168 6.6. Inputs and Suggestions ............................................................................................. 172 6.7. Processing the Data ................................................................................................... 172 6.8. The Layout of the Evaluation Report ..................................................................... 180 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 188 CHAPTER 7 - The Application of the “Evaluation Framework” through the KSC .... 190 7.1. “Evaluation Framework” as a Useful Tool for the Security Strategy Monitoring and Evaluation ..................................................................................................................... 190 7.2. The Role and Legal Mandate of the Kosovo Security Council ............................. 191 7.3. Enhancement of the Kosovo Security Council ....................................................... 201 7.4. Shaping the New National Security Strategy of Kosovo ....................................... 203 7.5. Content and Procedural Advantages and Constrains ........................................... 210 7.6. Projections for new Security Strategy of Kosovo................................................... 212 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 215 Summarized Conclusions .................................................................................................... 217 Scientific Achievements ....................................................................................................... 221 Recommendations ................................................................................................................ 221 Potential Practical Use of This Research ........................................................................... 222 Recommendations for Further Research in Certain Sub-Areas Related to the Topic.. 222 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 224 v List of the Author’s Publications ........................................................................................ 241 List of Abbreviations ........................................................................................................... 242 List of Annexure ................................................................................................................... 244 vi Introduction The emergence of new states is a rather complicated concept of the international system that entails political as well as legal implications, especially during the policy making stage. George Kennan, former American ambassador to Moscow, claimed after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989, that European agenda needed an elaboration of a new political, economic and security framework for the Central and Eastern Europe.1 In
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