Effect of Photoperiod on Flowering and Tuberous Root Formation in Dahlia Pinnata (White Perfection)

Home , Asteroideae, Dahlia imperialis, Dahlia pinnata

اجلمهورية العربية السورية وزارة التعليم العالي جامعة دمشق -كلية الزراعة قسم علوم البستنة

تأثري طول الفرتة الضوئية على إزهار نبات األضاليا Dahlia white perfection وتشكل درناته اجلذرية

Effect of photoperiod on flowering and tuberous root formation in dahlia pinnata (white perfection)

رسالة أعدت لنيل درجة املاجستري يف اهلندسة الزراعية

)) قسم علوم البستنة ((

إعداد

املهندسة ديانا محد القنطار

بإشراف األستاذ الدكتور نبيل البطل

6102-6101 م

شكر وتقدير

في البداية ال يسعني إال أن أرفع آيات التقدير واالحترام ألستاذي

الدكتور نبيل البطل الذي أمدني بالتوجييات العلمية الواسعة

والمعاملة األخالقية واإلنسانية المميزة والذي رافقني وساعدني بكل

رحابة صدر وكرم أخالق في إنجاز ىذا العمل .

وأتقدم بالشكر واالحترام لجامعة دمشق لتبنييا الموضوع وتمويليا لو.

كما أتوجو بالشكر إلى قسم علوم البستنة في كلية الزراعة لما قدمو من

دعم ومساعدات جمة.

وكل الشكر واالمتنان إلى كلية الزراعة الثانية في السويداء وكل

العاملين فييا لما قدموه من تسييالت مادية ومعنوية إلنجاز ىذا العمل

وأخص بالشكر المكتب اليندسي .

شكر خاص و تقدير لزوجي وأىلي وأصدق ائي و لألخت والصديقة

الميندسة عال العيسى على جيودىا المبذولة . Index

0 Introduction 0 9 Literature review 6 09 Research objectives 3 61 Materials and methods 4 61 0 4

60 6 4

65 Results 5 65 Flowering time 0 5 65 Flower number 6 5 62 Tuberous dry weight 3 5 62 4 5 61 tuberous number 5 5 62 Plant lenghth ) 2 5 31 total Leaf area 6 1 5 specific Leaf 6 2 5 31 weight 36 Discussion 2 32 Conclusion Suggestions 1 31 References : 2 0 0 2 6 61 2 3 63 Alaska fort 4 64 5 62 2 61 1 30 8 2 2 0 2 6 69 3 2102 2102 Dahlia pinnata white perfection

T3 28.70 022.2

013.2 71.8 90.3 28.80

02 88 03

98.2 92 03.2 28.9 88.8 T3 72.19 T2 019.2 T1 371 7 T1 022.7 0831 232.9 T3 281.8 T2

Summary The Experiment was conducted in the glasshouse of the second Faculty of Agriculture, Swieda ,during the seasons of 2015 – 2016. The objectives were to study the effect of photo period on the flowering of Dahlia pinnata (white flower) and tubers formation. The first treatment was the control where plants put to grow under natural light condition. Second treatment, which have been cut natural photoperiod in one hour (T1). Third treatment, which have been cut natural photoperiod in two hours (T2). Fourth treatment which have been cut natural photoperiod in three hours (T3). The results showed significant superiority of the treatment two hours and treatment three hours with values 57.81 % and 152.5% respectively in relation to the tuberous production and tubers dry weight in comparison to the control. . Also it was an increase in wet weight of tubers in all transactions by 31.9%, 80.4%, 109.2%. the results also showed a decrease in the number of tubers in the treatment of three hours by 27.41% while the results did not show a significant difference in the number of tubers between the one hour and two hours comparison to the control. The results also showed significant delay in flowering dates in the three treatments in comparison to the control. It was (15 days -19 days) in one hour and two hours respectively. While the plant in three hours showed the most significant delay (44 days) in comparison to the control. It was also noted that the photoperiod affect in the average number of flowers formed, Where no significant difference observed between the control and the treatment of one hour, where the average number of flowers 34.6 and 35 respectively. The number of flowers is significantly decreased in the two treatments two and three houer to (27.3,19.5) flowers respectively. Plant hight and leaf area were decreased in studied cultivar in all treatments. Average Plant hights in all treatments (103.6 cm, 85.03 cm,74.4 cm) respectively, while it was 126.8 cm in the control plants. Total Leaf areas of plant were (980.8 cm²) in T1 and (670.7 cm²) in T2 and (296.3 cm²) in T3 in comparison to the control (1490 cm²). Introduction 0

Tuberous roots

91 2

Vernon,2013

Asteraceae 0 Hansen, 2004

Kingdom Plantae

Order Asterales Family Asteraceae

Subfamily Asteroideae Genus Dahlia Species Pinnata

D.pinnata-D.imperialis- 9811 0211 D.coccinea

0329

Kral,2014 0782

28111 .RHS(Royal Horticultural Society)

Anders Dahli Cavillis

Kral,2014 Sorensen,1990

9 0.2

Cranshaw,2009

2 2

1.2 91 22

(Weland,2007

Single

Cactus

021 021 Semi Cactus

:Collerette

011 31 Anemone

021 021 Pompom

Decorative 97 2 Fimbriated

Waterlily

Black.2005 22 21 22 01 02 2 01

R = AN = AA = 25 W = BA = A = 2 5 20 Y = CO = B = 20 15 PR = SC = BB = 1 5 1 0 OR = S = M = 10 DR = FD = BA = 9 P = POM= MB = 9 - 5 BR = PE = P = 5 [email protected]

2112

2118

211111 99 0392 (Jobson,2015)

07 02 28 07

09 02 91 21 00 7 2 9 2112

0 0 0 0 0 2118 Kiran D.pinnata

2100 Khan

EC PH Ph 8 2.2 2112 Gorman 2102 blodnick

EC 0 (0.80-0.75)EC 2.2)EC 0.2 (EC

Photoperiodism

HA. WW .Garner 0321 Nicotiana tabacum Allard Maryland Mammoth Smith,2000

2112 critical 08 09 photoperiod

Runkle,2002 02

Mattson,Erwin.2005 Erwin,Warner.2002

Vince,1969

daylenghth

Waide,2010

Pfr Pr 221 Pr Pfr 891 Pr ( Fankhauser,2004 Jarillo,2001

chromoproteins tetrapyrrol

Andel et al,1996 Parks and Quail,1991

Tepperman and Quail,1998

221 Pr 0 8 Pr Pfr 2 Quail,1997

Pfr Pfr Pr Pfr

Pfr Pr

0378

Pfr Pr Pr 7 Pfr 7 Pr Pfr Pfr Pr

Pr Pfr 09 Pfr Pr

digana et al ,2011

Pfr

0328 Siegelman Firir

Phy A,B,C,D,E Sharrock PhyA ,PhyB and Clach ,2002 PhyC ,PhyE and Quail, 1989 Franklin and Lin,2000 Pfr Sharrock Quail,2010 0 Cryptochromes 2

Smith,2000 Phototropins 9

Somwrs et al,1998

Chrysanthemum ramat Pfr morifolium

0 Pr 91 02 Borthwick 02 21 and Cathey,2016 Chrysanthemum yellow

King and Bagnall,1994) Lolium temulentum 02

King and Evans,1991

Pfr

Shalit et 2 8 al,2008 Juliusvon sachs 0722

Kroeze ,2015 1936 Chailakhyan

2112 Putterill RNAm FT and Gasic,2008

Hanlon,2016 Xanthium strumarium Pharbitis nil

Valverde,2000

Runkle,2002

2112 (02

Biran,Halevy.2006

0323 Hess Moser 00 20 02

(0322 konishi Inaba

0387 Payne Halburton

0388 Hertogh Durso D.Kolchelsee 08 01 D.Parkprincess

0339 Heins Brondum

Royal dahlitta yellow 82 91 21 01 02 01 02 22 02 91 21 21 08 02

D.Sanny 2110 Legnani Millar 3 D.Sanny yellow rose 02 21 3

29 22

2.8 21

0323 Hitchcock Zimmerman

2113 Hasegawa D. imperialis

91 21

92 89

Research objectives 3

Dahlia white perfection 0 2

Materials & Methods 4 0 4

Dahlia pinnata( white perfection

Dinnerplat Decorative 22 21 021 011

21 81 81

0:0:0 2 TS2 Peatmoss 6 3 211 2.2 2.2 PH 1.2 32 72 2 221 221 2108



   6 4

 27 22



 21

2 01

2102 0

09 02 T1

08 02 T2

02 02 T3

8 Alaska fort 011 011

Alaska fort 4

0. 005%(FE EDTA) 18%(n) 0.01%(ZN EDTA) 07%(p205) 0.03%(MN EDTA) 07%(k2o) 0.05%(CU EDTA) 0 Mgo 0.02%(B EDTA) 0.03%(MO EDTA)

Methonyl90 Admix

6 Leaf area A4

01 A4 2 011 01

011

Tuberous dry weight

87 012

SLW 6

2101 Open Flowers number flowering time

8 8 8 8 0 8 8 8 8 2 8 8 8 8 9

Results 5 0 5

98 2

03 78 02 23

6 5

2 98.2 92

88.9 22 2

2 LSD SD Mean N

2.2 92.1 02 1.21 2.2 98.2 02 1.117 0.2 28.9 02 1.118 0.9 03.2 02

2.2 23.08 87 Total

0.3 39.30 02 1.118 0.1 013.21 02 1.112 0.9 009.82 02 1.118 0.8 027.22 02 02.2 009.32 87 Total

LSD SD Mean N 2 3 5

013.2 71.8 90.3

4 5

2 5 5

28.80

1 LSD SD Mean N 1.19 7.88 02 1.21 1.18 7.27 02 1.117 1.88 09.92 02 1.112 1.31 20.90 02 2.9 02.31 87 Total

02.3 81.2 02 1.117 29.2 39.1 02 1.118 02.2 028.2 02 1.112 29.7 088.2 02 92.2 013.2 87 Total

0.8 2.2 02 1.2 0.9 2.2 02 1.3 2.1 2.9 02 1.10 0.3 8.2 02 0.7 2.2 87 Total LSD SD Mean N 2

2 5

LSD 8 SPSS 2

81.92 28.30 82.22 27.82 80.37 22.22 80.92 92.22 9 2

1 5 7

2 LSD

2 0831 2 281.88 2 371.79 2 232.99 71.00 82.12 98.08

2 5 7

LSD SD Mean N

982.12 0831.1 02

1.113 72.18 371.79 02

1.117 70.33 281.88 02

1.112 89.22 232.99 02

70.22 312.28 87 Total

1.10 1.198 02

1.2 1.119 1.197 02

1.8 1.112 1.197 02

1.102 1.118 1.188 02

1.1182 1.193 87 Total

LSD SD Mean N 2

Discussion 2

Dahlia white perfection

Pfr

Pr Pfr

02 2000 Weaver (D.pinnata

0323 Hess Moser

20 02 00

0323 Hitchcock Zimmerman

2112 Millar fructan

2006 Halevy Biran

Inaba (0322 konishi

Brondum

Royal dahlitta yellow 82 0339 Heins 21 02 02 Hasegawa 2113 D. imperialis

0387 Payne Halburton

Conclusion Suggestions 1

2 02

Referances 2

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