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LINGULIFORM BRACHIOPODS from the CAMBRIAN (GUZHANGIAN) KARPINSK FORMATION of NOVAYA ZEMLYA by LARS E

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LINGULIFORM BRACHIOPODS from the CAMBRIAN (GUZHANGIAN) KARPINSK FORMATION of NOVAYA ZEMLYA by LARS E [Papers in Palaeontology, 2020, pp. 1–22] LINGULIFORM BRACHIOPODS FROM THE CAMBRIAN (GUZHANGIAN) KARPINSK FORMATION OF NOVAYA ZEMLYA by LARS E. HOLMER1,2 , LEONID E. POPOV3 , MANSOUREH GHOBADI POUR2,3,4 ,INNAA.KLISHEVICH5,YUELIANG1 and ZHIFEI ZHANG1 1State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Shaanxi Key laboratory of Early Life & Environments, & Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069, China; [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala, SE-752 36, Sweden; [email protected] 3Department of Geology, National Museum of Wales, Cathays Park, Cardiff, CF10 3NP, UK; [email protected] 4Department of Geology, Faculty of Sciences, Golestan University, Gorgan, Iran 5Department of Geology, Institute of Earth Sciences St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia; [email protected]@yandex.ru Typescript received 24 September 2019; accepted in revised form 23 January 2020 Abstract: A moderately diverse assemblage of micromor- was completed only at the end of the pelagic stage and phic linguliform brachiopods, including Tapuritreta gri- shows that they did have direct development, which is bovensis sp. nov., Wahwahlingula? pankovensis sp. nov., characteristic of all recent lingulides. The biogeographical Acrothele sp., Anabolotreta? sp., Orbithele? sp. and Stilp- signature of the new Cambrian brachiopod fauna from notreta sp., is for the first time described from the Cam- Novaya Zemlya is discussed, and the new fauna gives new brian Karpinsk Formation (Miaolingian, Guzhangian) of information on the poorly known Cambrian margins of the the South Island of Novaya Zemlya. The morphology of Baltica palaeocontinent. the metamorphic shell in Acrothele and Wahwahlingula? suggest that both taxa had a single pair of larval setal sacs, Key words: Brachiopoda, Cambrian, Novaya Zemlya, tax- similar to the recent discinids, but their metamorphosis onomy, ontogeny, biogeography. THE first evidence of Cambrian deposits on the South Anabolotreta? glabra Streng & Holmer, 2006, Wahwahlin- Island of Novaya Zemlya was obtained by a Norwegian gula? pankovensis sp. nov., Orbithele? sp., Stilpnotreta sp. expedition in 1921 (Holtedahl 1922). Subsequently the cf. Stilpnotreta minuta Holmer et al., 2001, Tapuritreta Cambrian outcrop areas along the west coast of Novaya gribovensis sp. nov. and Treptotreta jucunda Henderson & Zemlya were revisited and sampled occasionally by Rus- MacKinnon, 1981. With the exception of Anabolotreta, sian geologists between 1925 and 1934; they were also the which was previously documented by Popov (1985) from subject of a small-scale geological mapping project the lower part of the Karpinsk Formation at the south between 1948 and 1951 (Romanovich 1970). The first sys- coast of Gribovaya Bay, all other taxa were not known tematic study of the Cambrian geology and palaeontology previously from Novaya Zemlya. of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago was carried out in The described linguliform brachiopods were extracted 1979–1983, by research teams from the Arctic and Antarc- from black argillaceous limestones dissolved in dilute tic Research Institute, St Petersburg, in connection with (10%), buffered acetic acid. The brachiopod specimens an extensive survey of Cambrian outcrops along the west were coated with gold palladium and then studied and coast of the North and South Island. The main results photographed under a JEOL JCM-5000 Neoscope scan- were published by Solovyev (1988), including a lithostrati- ning electron microscope installed in the Department of graphical subdivision and trilobite-based biostratigraphy. Natural Sciences, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff. The new assemblage of linguliform brachiopods comes All figured and discussed material is housed in the from the lower part of the Karpinsk Formation, exposed Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of on the eastern part of the Pan’kov Land peninsula Wales (NMW) under the accession number NMW (Fig. 1). It includes Acrothele sp., Anabolotreta? sp. cf. 2018.4G. doi: 10.1002/spp2.1314 1 © 2020 The Authors. Papers in Palaeontology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Palaeontological Association This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2 PAPERS IN PALAEONTOLOGY FIG. 1. A, simplified map of Novaya Zemlya, showing the location of the investigated area on the South Island. B, simplified geological map of north-western part of Novaya Zemlya South Island showing geographical distribution of Cambrian deposits and position of selected fossil localities. 1, Quaternary, alluvial deposits; 2, late Palaeozoic, unspecified; 3–5, Cambrian; 3, Karpinsk Formation (upper Guzhangian – Jiangshanian); 4, Snezhyye Gory Formation (upper Wuliuan – Guzhangian); 5, Astafievskaya Formation (unnamed Cambrian Stage 4–Wuliuan); 6, fossil localities; 7, marker horizons in late Palaeozoic deposits; 8, faults (prepared by IAK in Corel Draw 15; https://www.corel.com/en/products/coreldraw/). Colour online. GEOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL section of the Gribovaya Bay south coast, the Mendeleev SETTING Series contains several species of Protagraulos, including P. priscus Matthew, 1895 in the lowermost part, suggesting The Cambrian deposits exposed along the west coast of Cambrian Stage 4 (Solovyev et al. 1986). The first bra- Novaya Zemlya are presently subdivided into: (1) the chiopods are known from the overlying unit (Popov 1984; Astafiyev Formation (unnamed Cambrian Stage 4–Wuli- fig. 2, sample 911/26), represented by Acrothyra sp. and uan); (2) the Snezhnyye Gory Formation (upper Wuli- Hadrotreta sp. Their co-occurrence with Acadoparadoxides uan – lower Guzhangian); and (3) the Karpinsk cf. oelandicus (Sjogren,€ 1872) suggests a Wuliuan age. Formation (upper Guzhangian – Jiangshanian; Fig. 2). The Snezhnyye Gory Formation (Drumian–Guzhan- On the South Island, the Astafiyev Formation (up to gian), up to 320 m thick, rests conformably on the Asta- 150 m thick in the type section of Gribovaya Bay) com- fiyev Formation. It is composed mainly of oligomict and prises mainly greenish grey–dark grey siltstone and argillite arkosic sandstones, with a minor amount of siltstones intercalations with subsidiary sandstones and lenses of and argillites. The age of the formation is mainly based argillaceous limestones. Its lower contact is not exposed or on occurrences of the trilobites, including Paradoxides faulted. On the North Island, the stratigraphical contact paradoxissimus (Wahlenberg, 1821) in the lower part. In with the underlying metamorphosed sediments, assigned to the upper part of the unit at the section on the south the Mendeleev Series (unnamed Cambrian Stage 4–Wuli- coast of Gribovaya Bay, it yielded the brachiopods uan) represents a nonconformity. The stratigraphically Acrothele cf. coriacea Linnarsson, 1876, Prototreta gri- older Lomonosov Series were dated by acritarchs as Edi- bovensis Popov, 1985 and Diraphora simplex Popov, 1985 acaran–basal Cambrian (Korago et al. 1984, 2004). At the (Popov 1985; Solovyev et al. 1986). HOLMER ET AL.: CAMBRIAN BRACHIOPODSFROMNOVAYAZEMLYA 3 FIG. 2. Lithostratigraphical and biostratigraphical subdivision of the Cambrian deposits, and stratigraphical logs of the brachiopod species on Novaya Zemlya South Island (after Popov 1984, 1985; Solovyev et al. 1986 and Solovyev 1988) and its improved correlation with the International Geochronological Scale of the Cambrian System. Stratigraphical position of brachiopod fossil localities is mainly after Popov (1984, 1985) and Solovyev et al. (1986). The Karpinsk Formation (upper Guzhangian – Jiangsha- c. 10 km north-east of the Gribovaya Bay north coast and c. nian) is presently known only from the South Island, where 8 km east of the abandoned Pan’kov military campus it is exposed between the Bezymyannaya Bay area in the (Figs 1, 2). The age of the unit is based on trilobites docu- south and the Matochkin Shar Strait in the north (Solovyev mented by Walcott & Resser (1924) from Holtedahl’s (1922) et al. 1986). It rests conformably, or possibly with a slight localities 67y and 68b, and it is also based on the trilobites disconformity, on the Snezhnyye Gory Formation. The Kar- reported by Solovyev et al. (1986), as well as the bra- pinsk Formation consists of black argillites and siltstones chiopods reported by Popov (1984, 1985). The trilobite with subsidiary sandstone and limestone beds, and is a total assemblage from the locality 67y, described by Walcott & of 220 m thick at Gribovaya Bay and more than 260 m in Resser (1924), contains mostly endemic species, but includes the east part of the Pan’kov Land peninsula. On the south also Agnostus pisiformis (Wahlenberg, 1818) (for details of coast of Gribovaya Bay, it is disconformably overlain by the the taxon authorship, see Rushton 1978), suggesting a late Ordovician Blafyel’sk Formation. The linguliform microbra- Guzhangian age. It is possible that the fauna list from the chiopod assemblage described here was recovered from locality 67y given by Walcott & Resser (1924) is composite limestones sampled in 1980 by I. A. Solovyev from Locality and includes both late Guzhangian and Paibian taxa. Some 302/3 (approximate coordinates 73°30 N, 53°290 E). The species from the locality 67y assemblage were reported by samples come from the lower part of the Karpinsk Forma- Solovyev et al. (1986) and Solovyev
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