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Smoking Prevalence, Attitude, Knowledge and Practice Among Applied Medical Sciences Saudi Students in King Abdalaziz University

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Smoking Prevalence, Attitude, Knowledge and Practice Among Applied Medical Sciences Saudi Students in King Abdalaziz University Research Article Int J Pul & Res Sci Volume 2 Issue 4 - February 2018 Copyright © All rights are reserved by Shehab M Abd El Kader DOI: 10.19080/IJOPRS.2018.02.555595 Smoking Prevalence, Attitude, Knowledge and Practice Among Applied Medical Sciences Saudi Students in King Abdalaziz University Shehab M Abd El Kader2 and Ahmed A Al Ghamdi1* 1Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia 2Department of Physical Therapy for Cardiopulmonary Disorders and Geriatrics, Cairo University, Egypt Submission: January 05, 2018; Published: February 08, 2018 *Corresponding author: Shehab M Abd El Kader, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80324, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia, Email: Abstact Background: Smoking is one of the major causes of death as and it has been predicted to cause the deaths of 10 million per year by 2020 worldwide. However, In Saudi Arabia, tobacco consumption is a major public health problem, with increasing use among adolescents. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect smoking prevalence, attitude, knowledge and practice among Applied Medical Sciences Saudi students in King Abdalaziz University. Material and Methods: The present study included 494 students who are in the 2nd to the 4th year participated in this study. Hard copy contained the questions related to demographic data (Gender, age, marital status etc.) of the participants. Second section of the questionnaire whichquestionnaire contained were 3 questions distributed in totalamong was the about students the knowledge during lecture of students times. Theregarding questionnaire effects of was smoking composed on health. of four Third sections. section The was first about section the general attitude of participants regarding smoking and it contained 11 questions. The fourth and last section contained 9 questions about the practicing of smoking among medical students and family members as well. The questionnaire was anonymous, self-written and adopted from Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS). The questionnaire takes around 10 minutes to be answered. Results: The current study revealed a considerable higher prevalence of smoking among male than female students in Faculty of Applied positive attitudes of all studied students and smokers in particular towards smoking. Medical Sciences, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia. One of the major and important findings of this current study was the Conclusion: activate them and make them more popular and attract the smoker students to utilize helping them to quit smoking. In addition, it would be very helpful to organize This finding smoking of this campaigns study has in theto motivate various facultiesand encourage at the university the Ministry to increaseof Health the to awarenessincrease the about number the dangerousof smoking of clinics smoking. and Keywords: Smoking; Prevalence; Attitude; Students; Saudi arabia Introduction adults 22.6%, elderly peoples 25%, and males 26.5% while in World Health Organization (WHO) 2015, reported that case females 9% [2-4]. fatality rate in case of tobacco smoking addiction is more than 15% of the total population around the globe. Estimates in 2015 In fact, some studies investigated the prevalence of smokers have shown that 6 million people die because of direct cost of among Saudi universities and colleges students in general, which tobacco smoking (or other less common addiction methods). found to be 14.5% [5]. Other studies focused on students who More than 3/4th of all such deaths are due to direct smoking study in the health colleges (such as medicine and dentistry), causes; and the rest are attributed to passive smoking. Nearly and found the prevalence to be 16%, which considered be higher 80% of smokers are residents of low or middle income and/or than the previous percentage, and when it compared male developing countries [1]. students in different health colleges on a national scale in Saudi Arabia as (Central: Kind Saud University ,King Fahad Medical In Saudi Arabia, for the general population many studies City, Qassim university; North: Aljouf university, Hail university, investigated the prevalence of smokers. These studies indicated Tabuk university ;South: Najran university, Jazan university, King that the prevalence of current smoking in Saudi Arabia ranged Khalid University; East: Dammam university; and West: King between (9-35%), and among school students, the smoking Abdulaziz University and Taibah university) and indicated that prevalence was 16.5%, in university students 13.5%, among Int J Pul & Res Sci 2(4): IJOPRS.MS.ID.555595 (2018) 001 International Journal of Pulmonary & Respiratory Sciences dental students smoke more than medicine students [6]. As the Subjects of the study prevalence among dental students was 18% compared to medical A sample of 494 students at the faculty of Applied Medical students with a prevalence of 14% .However, this study did not Sciences, King Abdalaziz University, Saudi Arabia who are in the include females, and did not consider Universities of Makkah 2nd to the 4th year was included in this study. Students in the 1st city, despite the fact Makkah is considered one of the major (preparatory year) and interns were excluded from this study. cities nationally. Furthermore, a recent study was conducted in A hard copy questionnaire was distributed among students. Najran university among health college students and found that Inclusion criteria included students who accepted to participate the prevalence of smoking in male and female students (30.1%, in this study, while exclusion criteria included students who 0.5%) respectively, the students at the college of applied medical refused to give informed consent. The questionnaire was sciences had the highest prevalence of smoking 34% followed by disseminated to the students during lecture times by the the students at colleges of pharmacy (15%) and dentistry (9%), and the lowest prevalence (4%) was at the college of medicine [7]. assistance of the academic office in each college, and after the data collector was available to answer any question raised by During medical school education, students are considered permission of lecturers, to be filled after the lecture time. The more cautious and logical about the hazards of smoking. back. However, opposite situation has been noticed in this case, as students. After students fill the questionnaires, they were taken Instrumentation medical students are more likely to become smokers during their medical studies and an increase in the consumption of tobacco The data of the study was collected through a self-written has noticed for the students who are already smokers. However, questionnaire which was mainly adopted from Global Adult medical college students are different from non-medical college Tobacco Survey (GATS). This survey has been developed by many students as they are more likely to become occasional smokers organizations and institutes including World Health Organization [8]. (WHO) and Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and was designed to assess major issues related to smoking. The validity of the questions could be assumed as the same There were no smokers in the first year of medical course but questionnaire has been used in many previous studies, in there is a study to measure the prevalence of smokers in the in the final year prevalence was 45.5% in Bahrain [9]. However, addition to the validation of the developing institutes [11,12]. Umm al-Qura in college of medicine among male students and The questionnaire has translated into Arabic language, and found that the prevalence of smoking was 30% [10]. According to our knowledge there was no previous studies carried out to Another researcher to ensure accuracy did back translation. The investigate smoking among undergraduate students of Applied had been modified according to the local culture and religion. questionnaire included 31 core questions related to social and Medical Sciences in King Abdalaziz University. Thus, the aim of smoking status, as well as the knowledge and attitude towards the present study was to detect smoking prevalence, attitude, cigarette smoking. The questionnaire takes around 10 minutes knowledge and practice among Applied Medical Sciences Saudi to be answered. students in King Abdalaziz University. An interview questionnaire sheet was developed by the Subjects & Methods researchers in Arabic language to collect information which Research design divided into 4 major sections were used in this study. Both open and close-ended questions were included in questionnaire. The A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students of the Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences in King data (Gender, age, marital status etc.) of the participants. Second Abdalaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, from 10 September first section contained the questions related to demographic section of the questionnaire which contained 3 questions in to 7 December 2017 with the aim of assessing their awareness, total was about the knowledge of students regarding effects attitudes and practices of smoking. The survey was conducted of smoking on health. Third section was about the general with permission and an approval from the Ethical Research attitude of participants regarding smoking and it contained 11 board at the faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdalaziz questions. In this section, mostly question was answerable by
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