References Adegbija, E.1997. the Identity, Survival and Promotion of Minority Languages in Nigeria
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Widowhood in Esanland
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 25, Issue 5, Series. 1 (May. 2020) 06-17 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Widowhood in Esanland Thomas Oseyi Ebhomienlen Corresponding Author: Thomas Oseyi Ebhomienlen ABSTRACT Biblical accounts reveal that the office of the Deacon was created for the purpose of handling the benevolence ministry in the New Testament Church (Acts 6:1 - 3). By benevolent ministry we mean a deliberate action geared towards a generous care for the widow within a giving community. This office, over time, changed to “serving table” which in the present day Church has assumed diverse nomenclature: Mass, Thanksgiving, Eucharist, Fellowship Meal and Holy Communion, to mention a few. Today, the act of deliberate generous cares for the widow within the Church, particularly the Anglican Communion in Esanland, has been said to be of low priority, far from the New Testament‟s level. This study articulates the benevolent ministry of deliberate love and care for widows by Jesus Christ and his early apostles. This was aimed at re-enacting the New Testament model of pastoral love and care. The research examined the plight of widows among the people of Esan. Particular attention was given to Ihumudumu and Ujoelen –Ekpoma, both in Esan West Local Government Area; Uromi in Esan-North-East; Ubiaja in Esan South East and Amahor in Igueben Local Government Areas, all in Edo State. Historical, phenomenological and descriptive methods were adopted for this study. Two hundred respondents were randomly selected within the Local Government Areas in Esanland. -
Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics &A
Online Appendix for Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue (2014) Some Principles of the Use of Macro-Areas Language Dynamics & Change Harald Hammarstr¨om& Mark Donohue The following document lists the languages of the world and their as- signment to the macro-areas described in the main body of the paper as well as the WALS macro-area for languages featured in the WALS 2005 edi- tion. 7160 languages are included, which represent all languages for which we had coordinates available1. Every language is given with its ISO-639-3 code (if it has one) for proper identification. The mapping between WALS languages and ISO-codes was done by using the mapping downloadable from the 2011 online WALS edition2 (because a number of errors in the mapping were corrected for the 2011 edition). 38 WALS languages are not given an ISO-code in the 2011 mapping, 36 of these have been assigned their appropri- ate iso-code based on the sources the WALS lists for the respective language. This was not possible for Tasmanian (WALS-code: tsm) because the WALS mixes data from very different Tasmanian languages and for Kualan (WALS- code: kua) because no source is given. 17 WALS-languages were assigned ISO-codes which have subsequently been retired { these have been assigned their appropriate updated ISO-code. In many cases, a WALS-language is mapped to several ISO-codes. As this has no bearing for the assignment to macro-areas, multiple mappings have been retained. 1There are another couple of hundred languages which are attested but for which our database currently lacks coordinates. -
Succession Under Esan Customary Law in Nigeria: Grounds for Disinheriting an Heir from Inheriting His Deceased Father’S Estate Under Esan Customary Law
www.ijird.com August, 2018 Vol 7 Issue 8 ISSN 2278 – 0211 (Online) Succession Under Esan Customary Law in Nigeria: Grounds for Disinheriting an Heir from Inheriting His Deceased Father’s Estate under Esan Customary Law Paul Okhaide Itua Senior Lecturer, Department of Commercial and Industrial Law, Ambrose Alli University, Nigeria Abstract: In Nigeria, there are three main ethnic / tribal groups; these are Hausa - Fulani, Igbo and Yoruba. Apart from these major ethnic groups, there are about 371 (three hundred and seventy-one) other ethnic groups with diverse languages and phonological structures, which are some time noticeable even within the same socio cultural setting. Majority of these ethnic groups share a lot of historical and deep cultural relationship between them as evidence mostly in the application of customary law that regulate their private life on one hand and the relationship that exist between them on the other hand. Apart from these rules of customary law, the common law and statutory law equally plays a major role in the regulation of these relationships. Some time these rules of customary law are subjected to certain test as prescribed by the common law and the statute in other to determine their validity and applicability. These regulatory mechanisms, also apply to the people that constitute Esan ethnic group. They presently occupy Edo Central Senatorial District consisting of five local government areas in Edo State of Nigeria. Historically they share cultural relationship with the Edos in the area of customary law, however with some noticeable differences in its application in certain areas. One of such area is succession. -
The Nupe Invasion of Esanland: An
The Nupe Invasion of Esanland: An Assessment of its Socio-Political Impact on the People, 1885-1897 By Dawood Omolumen Egbefo Ph.D Department of History and International Studies IBB University, Lapai, Niger State, Nigeria E-mail: [email protected] M-phone: 08076709828/08109492681 Abstract One of the major problems facing most ethnic groups today is the religion of their past by historians. However, the effort of some historians in writing the history of Nigerian minority ethnic groups during the pre-colonial Era is far from being complete. A great deal in this aspect, especially that of the minorities that experienced invasions and subjugation in the hands of the larger societies is yet to be achieved to fill the gaps in our knowledge of minority history. It is against this background that this paper discuses Nupe invasion of Esanland of present Edo State and its Socio-political impact. The paper looks into the relationship which existed before the invasion, the people’s resistance to the invasion, and the eventual defeat. Haskenmu Vol.1, 2007-2008. Faculty of Education and Arts Seminar Series, IBB University Lapai, Niger State. Nigeria. pp.95-107 Introduction We begin by stating that apart from the non-availability of source materials incapacitation the zeal of some indigenous historians in the writing of Nigerian experience in the pre-colonial period, the history of Nupe expansionist exploit into Esan with its Socio-Political impact has been one of such neglected themes in Nigeria history today. Another fact is that even when some historians have cause to discuss Esan, at all, references are often made to Esan as either one of the villages of Benin or an outpost town of Benin Kingdom. -
Design and Implementation of Yoruba Language Mobile Tutor
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF YORUBA LANGUAGE MOBILE TUTOR Nicholas A. Omoregbe, Ambrose A. Azeta, Adewole Adewumi, Olayemi O. Omotoso Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Covenant University (NIGERIA) Abstract Yoruba is a popular indigenous language in Nigeria alongside Hausa and Igbo. English language is however the main medium of communication especially in schools and institutions of learning. Over the years there has been unhealthy rivalry and competition between English language and the indigenous Nigerian languages with the latter struggling for survival. The rivalry is further worsen by the wide adoption of mobile technology which is mostly bundled with resources written in English language. Young Nigerians who have not been exposed to Yoruba language as their native language often find it difficult to speak, read, learn and write Yoruba language. There is the fear of trading Nigerian indigenous languages for English Language as the main means of communication due to modernization. The focus for this work is to present the design and implementation of an interactive mobile application with basic tutorials in the learning of Yoruba language on handheld devices. The system has features that assist users to do basic translation of English to Yoruba and fundamental tutorials that will enable people to learn, write, read and speak Yoruba language fluently. The application was designed and modelled with Unified Modelling Language and developed using HTML5, JavaScript and CSS. The application runs seamlessly on handheld devices which has a deep level of penetration and adoption in Nigeria. Keywords: Handheld, indigenous language, mobile, Nigeria, tutor and Yoruba. 1 INTRODUCTION Yoruba is a language spoken natively by about thirty million people in Nigeria and in the neighbouring countries of the Republic of Benin and Togo [1]. -
An Atlas of Nigerian Languages
AN ATLAS OF NIGERIAN LANGUAGES 3rd. Edition Roger Blench Kay Williamson Educational Foundation 8, Guest Road, Cambridge CB1 2AL United Kingdom Voice/Answerphone 00-44-(0)1223-560687 Mobile 00-44-(0)7967-696804 E-mail [email protected] http://rogerblench.info/RBOP.htm Skype 2.0 identity: roger blench i Introduction The present electronic is a fully revised and amended edition of ‘An Index of Nigerian Languages’ by David Crozier and Roger Blench (1992), which replaced Keir Hansford, John Bendor-Samuel and Ron Stanford (1976), a pioneering attempt to synthesize what was known at the time about the languages of Nigeria and their classification. Definition of a Language The preparation of a listing of Nigerian languages inevitably begs the question of the definition of a language. The terms 'language' and 'dialect' have rather different meanings in informal speech from the more rigorous definitions that must be attempted by linguists. Dialect, in particular, is a somewhat pejorative term suggesting it is merely a local variant of a 'central' language. In linguistic terms, however, dialect is merely a regional, social or occupational variant of another speech-form. There is no presupposition about its importance or otherwise. Because of these problems, the more neutral term 'lect' is coming into increasing use to describe any type of distinctive speech-form. However, the Index inevitably must have head entries and this involves selecting some terms from the thousands of names recorded and using them to cover a particular linguistic nucleus. In general, the choice of a particular lect name as a head-entry should ideally be made solely on linguistic grounds. -
An Endangered Nigerian Indigenous Language: the Case of Yorùbá Language
African Nebula, Issue 6, 2013 An Endangered Nigerian Indigenous Language: The Case of Yorùbá Language Temitope Abiodun Balogun Osun State University Osogbo, Nigeria [email protected] Abstract This paper examines the low-usage of Yorùbá language among some selected secondary school students in Yorubaland. The paper uses questionnaire with cloze test to measure the knowledge of Yorùbá language among respondents in three Yoruba speaking states in southwestern Nigeria. The results of the data show that Yorùbá language enjoys low patronage and patriotism amongst the students used for the data. Many of these students found it extremely difficult to express themselves freely in Yorùbá language and at the same time, they were unable to provide meanings for selected Yorùbá proverbs, words, and expressions. The significance of this work is seen in the fact that Yorùbá language stands the risk of gradual extinction if urgent measures are not taken by all stakeholders concerned to arrest the dwindling fortunes of the language. Introduction: The Linguistic Landscape in Nigeria Language is the hallmark of any people‟s life and culture. Language encompasses people‟s worldview, custom, way of life and history in general. The loss of any language by a people is the loss of their root and the loss of their identity. When a language is lost, such a people who experience the loss continue to live in the shadow of other people‟s identity and culture. Ethnologists put the living languages of the world at seven thousand with a sad list of three thousand five hundred that are endangered and may be out of reach at the end of the twenty first century. -
Folktale Tradition of the Esan People and African Oral Literature
“OKHA”: FOLKTALE TRADITION OF THE ESAN PEOPLE AND AFRICAN ORAL LITERATURE 1ST IN THE SERIES OF INAUGURAL LECTURES OF SAMUEL ADEGBOYEGA UNIVERSITY OGWA, EDO STATE, NIGERIA. BY PROFESSOR BRIDGET O. INEGBEBOH B.A. M.A. PH.D (ENGLISH AND LITERATURE) (BENIN) M.ED. (ADMIN.) (BENIN), LLB. A.A.U (EKPOMA), BL. (ABUJA) LLM. (BENIN) Professor of English and Literature Department of Languages Samuel Adegboyega University, Ogwa. Wednesday, 11th Day of May, 2016. PROFESSOR BRIDGET O. INEGBEBOH B.A. M.A. PH.D (ENGLISH AND LITERATURE) (BENIN) M.ED. (ADMIN.) (BENIN), LLB. A.A.U (EKPOMA), BL. (ABUJA) LLM. (BENIN) 2 “OKHA”: FOLKTALE TRADITION OF THE ESAN PEOPLE AND AFRICAN ORAL LITERATURE 1ST IN THE SERIES OF INAUGURAL LECTURES OF SAMUEL ADEGBOYEGA UNIVERSITY OGWA, EDO STATE, NIGERIA. BY BRIDGET OBIAOZOR INEGBEBOH B.A. M.A. PH.D (ENGLISH AND LITERATURE) (BENIN) M.ED. (ADMIN.) (BENIN), LLB. A.A.U (EKPOMA), BL. (ABUJA) LLM. (BENIN) Professor of English and Literature Department of Languages Samuel Adegboyega University, Ogwa. Wednesday, 11th Day of May, 2016. 3 “OKHA”: FOLKTALE TRADITION OF THE ESAN PEOPLE AND AFRICAN ORAL LITERATURE Copyright 2016. Samuel Adegboyega University, Ogwa All Rights Reserved No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in any retrieval system or by any means, photocopying, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of Samuel Adegboyega University, Ogwa/Publishers. ISBN: Published in 2016 by: SAMUEL ADEGBOYEGA UNIVERSITY, OGWA, EDO STATE, NIGERIA. Printed by: 4 Vice-Chancellor, Chairman and members of the Governing Council of SAU, The Management of SAU, Distinguished Academia, My Lords Spiritual and Temporal, His Royal Majesties here present, All Chiefs present, Distinguished Guests, Representatives of the press and all Media Houses present, Staff and Students of Great SAU, Distinguished Ladies and Gentlemen. -
The Body in Yoruba: a Linguistic Study
The Body in Yorùbá A Linguistic Study Mark Dingemanse The Body in Yorùbá A Linguistic Study Mark Dingemanse Scriptie als vereiste ter verkrijging van de graad van doctorandus in de Afrikaanse Taalkunde onder begeleiding van Dr. Felix K. Ameka Juli 2006, Universiteit Leiden àtàrí ‘crown of the head’ oṛ ùn ‘neck’ èjìkà ‘shoulder’ àyà ‘chest’ kókó oṃ ú ‘nipple’ oṃ ú ‘breast’ apá ‘arm’ inú ‘belly, inside’ idodo ‘navel’ orúnkún ‘knee’ ojúgun ‘shin’ oṛ ùn-ẹsẹ̀ ‘ankle’ Contents Preface i Acknowledgements ii Abbreviations and conventions ii Index of tables and figures iv 1 Preliminaries 1 1.1 Yoruba: a brief linguistic profile 1 1.1.1 Phonology 2 1.1.2 Some notes on grammar 4 1.2 Previous research on body-part terminology 6 1.2.1 Philology 6 1.2.2 Onomasiology 7 1.2.3 Phenomenology 8 1.2.4 Ethnoanatomy 9 1.2.5 Embodiment and the cognitive sciences 11 1.2.6 Psychology: types of body knowledge 12 1.2.7 Various other approaches and recent work 13 1.3 This study 15 1.3.1 The data base 16 1.3.2 English as a metalanguage? 16 1.3.3 Some notes on terminology 17 2 Yoruba body-part terms 19 2.1 Yoruba body-part terms 19 2.1.1 Orí and ojú, the head and the face 19 2.1.2 Ara, the body 22 2.1.3 Hands, fingers, and toes 26 2.1.4 Terms not included in the illustrations 28 2.2 Body-part terms in the grammar of Yoruba 29 2.2.1 Fixed idioms 29 2.2.2 Spatial relations 30 2.2.3 ‘Body-part syntax’: four common constructions 32 2.3 Organizing principles 35 2.3.1 Partonomic structures 36 2.3.2 Other organizing principles 39 2.4 The body as a whole 41 2.4.1 Some crucial -
A Contrastive Analysis of English and Hausa Proverbs in Selected Texts
A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND HAUSA PROVERBS IN SELECTED TEXTS BY Yusuf Sadau, SALEH NCE, B.Ed. language Arts: English (M.Ed./EDUC/10756/2008-2009). DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EDUCATION, FACULTY OF EDUCATIONAHMADUBELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA FEBUARY, 2014 A CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH AND HAUSA PROVERBS IN SELECTED TEXTS BY Yusuf Sadau, SALEH NCE, B.Ed. language Arts: English (M.Ed./EDUC/10756/2008-2009). A RESEARCH THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA. IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTERS OF EDUCATION: TEACHING ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE. (TESL) DEPARTMENT OF ARTS AND SOCIAL SCIENCE EDUCATION, FACULTY OF EDUCATIONAHMADUBELLO UNIVERSITY, ZARIA FEBUARY 2014 ii DECLARATION I declare that the thesis on “A Contrastive Analysis of English and Hausa Proverbs in Selected Texts” was written by me in TESL, Department of Art and Social Science Education; under the supervision of Dr. R. J. Daura. The information derive from related literature has been duly acknowledged in the text and list of reference provided. The study was not previously presented for the award of another degree at any institution. _________________________ ________________________ Saleh Yusuf Sadau Date iii CERTIFICATION This Thesis titled “A Contrastive Analysis of English and Hausa Proverbs in Selected Texts” by Saleh Yusuf Sadau meets the requirement governing the award ofMaster‟s Degree in Education of Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, and it is approved for its contribution toknowledge and literary presentation. ____________________________ ________________________ Dr. Ramlatu Jibir-Daura Date Chairman Supervisory Committee ____________________________ _________________________ Dr. SadiqMuhammadDate Member Supervisory Committee ____________________________ _________________________ Prof. I. -
Language and the Construction of Multiple Identities in the Nigerian Novel by Romanus Aboh
Language and the construction of multiple identities in the Nigerian novel by Romanus Aboh TERMS of USE The African Humanities Program has made this electronic version of the book available on the NISC website for free download to use in research or private study. It may not be re- posted on book or other digital repositories that allow systematic sharing or download. For any commercial or other uses please contact the publishers, NISC (Pty) Ltd. Print copies of this book and other titles in the African Humanities Series are available through the African Books Collective. © African Humanities Program Dedication For my wife, Rita Ititim-Aboh About the Series The African Humanities Series is a partnership between the African Humanities Program (AHP) of the American Council of Learned Societies and academic publishers NISC (Pty) Ltd. The Series covers topics in African histories, languages, literatures, philosophies, politics and cultures. Submissions are solicited from Fellows of the AHP, which is administered by the American Council of Learned Societies and financially supported by the Carnegie Corporation of New York. The purpose of the AHP is to encourage and enable the production of new knowledge by Africans in the five countries designated by the Carnegie Corporation: Ghana, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. AHP fellowships support one year’s work free from teaching and other responsibilities to allow the Fellow to complete the project proposed. Eligibility for the fellowship in the five countries is by domicile, not nationality. Book proposals are submitted to the AHP editorial board which manages the peer review process and selects manuscripts for publication by NISC. -
Akande and Salami, Use and Attitudes Towards Nigerian Pidgin English
Use and Attitudes towards Nigerian Pidgin English among Nigerian University Students Akinmade T. Akande and L. Oladipo Salami 1. Introduction Attitudes towards language or language behaviour implicate social meanings relative to social norms in a given speech community. As demonstrated in the literature, language attitude study is not only a way of understanding how language is used, for example, as a symbol of identity or in-group membership, it also helps to illuminate the social importance of a given code or language (see Adegbija, 1994; Ihemere 2006; Salami 1991). Attitudinal studies of language are also important to linguistics because they could help to explain language maintenance and shift, which are apparently influenced by whether the change or maintenance is favoured or disfavoured by members of the speech community (Mann 1993; 1998). In Nigeria, Nigerian Pidgin English (NPE) used to be seen generally as the code of the non-literate as well as a bastardisation of English and its use was, therefore, considered a mark of the level of one’s proficiency in English. For instance, Agheyisi (1971:30) claims that the typical users of NPE are those that have little or no formal education. However, as Akande (2008:37) has noted, the sociolinguistic reality in Nigeria today is such that NPE is spoken by university graduates, professors, lawyers and journalists. It has also been demonstrated that NPE is not used only in informal settings but also in offices and other formal settings (Akande 2008). In other words, the claim that NPE is the code of the non-literate does not seem to have validity as there are a lot of educated speakers in Nigeria who can use both Standard English and NPE proficiently (Akande 2008).