Network Concepts and Network Governance

DOCTORAL SCHOOL, CENTRAL EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY

NETWORK CONCEPTS AND NETWORK GOVERNANCE

JANUARY TO FEBRUARY 2013

COURSE DIRECTOR: DIANE STONE

Seminar: Mondays: 13.30 – 15.10. Fridays: 13.30—15.10. Email: [email protected]

Outline of Seminar Topics

1. Mon 14 Jan Introduction to Networks: Between Market and State 2. Fri 18 Jan American Concepts: Iron Triangle and Issue Networks 3. Mon 21 Jan European Traditions: Policy Communities 4. Fri 25Jan Social Network Analysis: Mapping Criminal and Terrorist Networks 5. Mon 28 Jan Epistemic Communities and Advocacy Coalitions 6. Fri 1 Feb Transnational Advocacy Networks 7. Mon 4 Feb Transnational Executive Networks & Global Public Policy Networks 8. Fri 8 Feb Discourse Coalitions and KNETs 9. Mon 11 Feb Actor Network Theory: 10. Fri 15 Feb Methods, Synergies and Synthesis - Review 11. Fri 22 Feb Network Leadership and Management 12. Mon 25 Feb Network Accountability and Democracy

Introduction to the module

The broad aim is to address the roles and practices of network organisation at global as well as at regional and national levels. It investigates the domestic, regional and global implications of these policy arrangements. The program of seminars aims to outline how public and private networking is central to global and regional policy processes.

Essays

An essay of 4,000 words (inclusive of everything) will be required. In addition, students are expected to do seminar presentations.

Essay – 75% Seminar presentations – 25%

Essays will be assessed along four general criteria: 1. Comprehension of the subject: 2. Analysis of issues and ideas 3. Critique of the theoretical or conceptual perspectives of various observers concerned with the subject 4. Presentation

The essay is due by 11.00am, Thursday 28th February.

1 Relevant Texts.

Peter Bogason and Mette Zølner (eds), Methods in Democratic Network Governance, Palgrave Macmillan, 2007.

Davies, Jonathan. (2011) Challenging Governance Theory: From Networks to Hegemony, Bristol, Policy Press.

Diani, Mario. And McAdam, Doug. (Eds) Social Movements and Networks: Relational Approaches to Collective Action, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003.

Holton, Robert J. (2008) Global Networks, Palgrave Macmillan.

Kahler, Miles. (ed) Networked Politics: Agency, Power and Governance, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 2009.

Keck, Margaret. and Sikkink, Kathryn. Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics, Ithaca NY. Cornell University Press, 1998.

Kickert, Walter J. M., Klijn, Erik-Hans & Koppenjan, Joop F. M. Managing Complex Networks: Strategies for the Public Sector, London, Sage, 1997.

Marcusen, Martin. & Torfing, Jacob. (eds) Democratic Network Governance in Europe, MacMillan, 2006.

Reinicke, Wolfgang. & Deng, Francis, Critical Choices: The United Nations, Networks and the Future of Global Governance, Ottawa, International Development Research Centre, 2002. Executive summary, available at: www.globalpublicpolicy.net/

Riles, Annelise. The Network Inside Out, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press, 2000.

Slaughter, Anne Marie, A New World Order, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2004

Stone, Diane and Maxwell, Simon (eds) Global Knowledge Networks and International Development, Routledge, 2005

Thompson, Graeme. Between Hierarchies and Markets: The Logic and Limits of Network Forms of Organization, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2003.

Waddell, Steve. (2011) Global Action Networks, Bocconi University Press.

Seminar Program.

1. Introduction to Networks: Between Market and State

Friday 11th January: This seminar will be spent discussing the general framework of the module. Time will be spent getting to know each other, establishing a few ground rules, talking about assessment requirements, discussing the various modes of seminar operation and group work as well as debating in general the themes of the module.

2 Markets are usually conceived as delivering private goods and hierarchies (in the public sector) as delivering public goods. Networks are increasingly viewed as complementary structures for the coordinated delivery of public goods and services x Why do networks emerge? x What are the distinctions between ‘Hierarchies’, ‘Markets’ and ‘Networks’? x What is ‘network governance’?

Recommended Reading

Davies, Jonathan. (2011) Challenging Governance Theory: From Networks to Hegemony, Bristol, Policy Press. Chapter 2

Holten, Robert. (2005) ‘Review Essay: Network discourses: proliferation, critique and synthesis’, Global Networks, 5(2): 209—15.

Powell, Walter. (1990) ‘Neither Market Nor Hierarchy: Network Forms of Organization, Research in Organizational Behaviour, 12, pp. 295-336

Thompson, Graeme. (2003) Between Hierarchies and Markets: The Logic and Limits of Network Forms of Organization, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

Additional Reading on Networks

Börzel, Tanja. (1999) ‘Organizing Babylon -- on the different conceptions of policy networks’, Public Administration, 76 (summer): 253-73.

Castells, Manuel. (2008) ‘The New Public Sphere: Global Civil Society, Communication Networks, and Global Governance’, The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 2008 616: 78

Castells, Manuel. (1996) The Rise of the Network Society, Oxford, Blackwells.

Coleman, William. and Perl, Anthony. (1999) ‘Internationalized Policy Environments and Policy Network Analysis’, Political Studies, 47(4).

Holton, Robert J. (2008) Global Networks, Palgrave Macmillan. Ch 2.

Jordan, G. and Schubert, K. (1992) ‘A preliminary ordering of policy network labels’, European Journal of Political Research, 21: 7–27

Kahler, Miles. (ed) Networked Politics: Agency, Power and Governance, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press, 2009.

Kaul, Inge. (2005) Exploring the Policy Space between Markets and States: Global Public- Private Partnerships’ in I. Kaul and P. Conceição (eds.) The New Public Finance: Responding to Global Challenges, Oxford University Press and UNDP.

Messner, Dirk. (1997) The Network Society: Economic Development and International Competitiveness as Problems of Social Governance. London: Frank Cass.

Tilly Charles, (2010) ‘Cities, states, and trust networks’, Theory and Society, 39:265–280

3 2. Early American Network Concepts: Iron Triangles and Issue Networks

x What are sub-governments? x What are the main differences between the issue network and iron triangle frameworks? x To what extent are these frameworks applicable, cor can be conceptually stretched, to other political contexts outside North America?

Recommended Reading

Heclo, Hugh. (1978) ‘Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment’, in Anthony King (ed.) The New American Political System, Washington DC, American Enterprise Institute.

Jordan, Grant. (1981) ‘Iron Triangles, Woolly Corporatism and Elastic Nets: Images of the Policy Process’, Journal of Public Policy, 1 (1): 95-123

Tzoumis, K. (2004) Iron Triangles’, in D. Schultz (ed.) Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, New York, Facts on File Publishing.

Additional Reading

Cerny, Phil. (2001) From “Iron Triangles” to “Golden Pentangles? Globalizing the Policy Process’, Global Governance, 7(4): 397-410.

Thomas L. Gais, Mark A. Peterson and Jack L. Walker (1984) ‘Interest Groups, Iron Triangles and Representative Institutions in American National Government’, British Journal of Political Science, 14 (2): 161-185

Gormley, W. T. (1986) ‘Regulatory Issue Networks in a Federal System’, Polity, 18 (4): 595- 620.

Hayden, F. G. (2002) Policymaking Network of the Iron-Triangle Subgovernment for Licensing Hazardous Waste Facilities, Journal of Economic Issues. 36(2)

E. Sam Overman and Don F. Simanton (1986) ‘Iron Triangles and Issue Networks of Information Policy’, Public Administration Review Vol. 46, Special Issue: Public Management Information Systems (Nov.): 584-589

Peterson, Mark, A. ( ) ‘Political Influence in the 1990s: From Iron Triangles to Policy Networks’, Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law 1993 Volume 18, Number 2: 395-438

Smith, M. J. (1990), Pluralism, Reformed Pluralism and Neopluralism: the Role of Pressure Groups in Policy-Making. Political Studies, 38: 302–322

4 3. European Traditions: Policy Communities

x What advantages, if any are there to the policy community idea compared to iron triangle frameworks? x Why has the network frame of analysis blossomed in the European context?

Recommended Reading

Börzel, Tanja A. and Heard-Lauréote, Karen (2009) ‘Networks in EU Multi-level Governance: Concepts and Contributions’, Journal of Public Policy (29):135-151.

Jordan, Grant. (1981) ‘Iron Triangles, Woolly Corporatism and Elastic Nets: Images of the Policy Process’, Journal of Public Policy, 1 (1): 95-123

Rhodes, R. A. W. (2000) Understanding Governance: Policy Networks, Governance, Reflexivity and Accountability, Open University Press. ch 2.

Additional Reading

Bogason, Peter (2006). ‘Networks and Bargaining in Policy Analysis’, In B. Guy Peters and Jon Pierre, eds. Handbook of Public Policy. London/Thousand Oaks/New Dehli: SAGE Publications.

Carlson, Lars. (2000) Policy Networks as Collective Action’, Policy Studies Journal, 28( 3): 502-520)

Coen, D. and Thatcher, M. (2008). Network Governance and Multi-level Delegation: European Networks of Regulatory Agencies. Journal of Public Policy, 28, pp 49-71.

Evans, Mark. (2001) ‘Understanding Dialectics in Network Analysis’, Political Studies, 49: 542-50.

Klijn E. H. andKoppenjan J. F. M. (2000) ‘Public Management and Policy networks: foundations of A Network Approach to Governance, Public Management, 2( 2); 135- 158.

Marsh, D. & Smith. M. (2000) Understanding Policy Networks: Towards a Dialectical Approach, Political Studies, 48(1): 4 – 21

Kickert, Walter J. M., Klijn, Erik-Hans & Koppenjan, Joop F. M. Managing Complex Networks: Strategies for the Public Sector, London, Sage, 1997.

Marcusen, Martin. & Torfing, Jacob. (eds) Democratic Network Governance in Europe, MacMillan, 2006.

Raab and Kenis, P. (2007) Taking Stock of Policy. Networks: Do They Matter? , in F Fischer, Miller, G. and Sidney, M. (eds) Handbook of public policy analysis: Theory, politics, and methods, CMC Press. 187 – 200.

Rhodes. R.A.W. & Marsh, David (1992) ‘New Directions in the Study of Policy Networks’, European Journal of Political Research, 21: 181-205.

5 4. Social Network Analysis

x What are the main concepts of SNA x How effectively can social relations be mapped and measured? x What are the limitations of SNA in policy formulation? x What are the policy applications of SNA in the field of covert networks of crime and terrorism? x What is ‘social capital’ and how important is it to the viability of a network?

Recommended Reading

Eilstrup-Sangiovanni,, Mette. & Jones, Calvert (2008) “Strengths and Weaknesses of Networks: Why al-Qaeda may be Less Dangerous than Most Think”, International Security 33, 2: 7-44

Mizruchi, S. (1994) ‘Social Network Analysis: Recent Achievements and Current Controversies’ Acta Sociologica, 37 (4, Social Networks): 329-343

Additional Reading

Granovetter, Mark (2005) ‘The impact of social structure on economic outcomes’, Journal of Economic Perspectives, 19(1) Winter: 33-50.

Granovetter, M. S. (1973). "The Strength of Weak Ties." American Journal of Sociology 78(6): 1360-1380

Hafner-Burton, Emilie Marie, Kahler, Miles and Montgomery, Alexander H., (2009) ‘Network Analysis for International Relations’ International Organization, Vol. 63, No. 3, July.

Hanneman, R. Introduction to Social Networks. Online book free on the web at http://www.analytictech.com/networks.pdf

Kadushin, Charles, (2005) Who benefits from network analysis: ethics of social network research , Social Networks, 27(2).

Scott, J. Social Network Analysis. Newbury Park CA: Sage, 2000.

Stokman, Frans N. (2001), Networks: Social, in International Encyclopedia for the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 10509-10514 .

Additional Reading on Crime, Policing and Terrorism

Abrahms, Max. (2008) ‘What Terrorists Really Want: Terrorist Motives and Counterterrorism Strategy’, International Security, 32(4): 78-105.

Arquilla, John and Ronfeldt, David. Eds. (2001) Networks and Netwars, RAND, Santa Monica.

6 Daning Hu , Siddharth Kaza , Hsinchun Chen , ‘Identifying significant facilitators of dark network evolution’, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 2009, Volume 60 Issue 4, Pages 655 – 665

Gerspacher, Nadia & Dupornt, Benoit (2007) ‘The Nodal Structure of International Police Cooperation: An Exploration of Transnational Security Networks, Global Governance, 13(1): 347-64.

Gill, Peter (2006) ‘Not Just Joining the Dots But Crossing the Borders and Bridging the Voids: Constructing Security Networks after 11 September 2001’, Policing and Society: An International Journal of Research and Policy, 16(1): 27 – 49.

Kahler, Miles. (2009) ‘Collective Action and Clandestine Networks: The Case of al Qaeda’, in Kahler, Miles. (ed) Networked Politics: Agency, Power and Governance, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press.

Kenney, Michael (2009) ‘Turning to the ‘Dark Side’: Coordination, Exchange and Learning in Criminal Networks’, in Kahler, Miles. (ed) Networked Politics: Agency, Power and Governance, Ithaca and London, Cornell University Press

Kinsella, David (2006) The black market in small arms: Examining a social network Contemporary Security Policy, Volume 27, Issue 1, Pages 100 – 117

Ressler, Steve (2006) ‘Social Network Analysis as an Approach to Combat Terrorism: Past, Present, and Future Research’, Homeland Security Affairs, 2(2: July).

Daniel Schwartz and Tony Rouselle, ‘Using social network analysis to target criminal networks’, Trends in Organized Crime, 12 (2) June, 2009:

Gordon Stovin and Chris Davies, ‘Beyond the Network: A Crime Science Approach to Organized Crime’, Policing 2008 2(4):497-505. van der Hulst, Renee (2009) Introduction to Social Network Analysis: An investigative tool’, Trends in Organized Crime, 12: 101-21

Related Web-Sites Valdis Krebs website: http://www.orgnet.com/cases.html

5. Epistemic Communities and Advocacy Coalitions

x What are the four defining characteristics of epistemic communities? x Are epistemic communities often found in reality? x Why is this network concept considered to be part of the rationalist project? Can the same be said of advocacy coalitions?

Recommended Reading

Haas, Peter. (1992) ‘Introduction: Epistemic Communities and International Policy Coordination’, International Organization, 46(1): 1-35.

7 Sabatier. Paul. A. (1998) ‘The advocacy coalition framework: revisions and relevance to Europe’, Journal of European Public Policy, 5(12): 98-130.

Additional Reading

Special edition on epistemic communities in International Organization, 46(1).

Carayannis, E. G., Pirzadeh, . Popescu, D. (2012) ‘Epistemic Communities, Knowledge Transfer, and Institutional Learning’, Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management, 13: 123-150

Grugel, J. and Peruzotti, E. (2010). Grounding Global Norms in Domestic Politics: Advocacy Coalitions and the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Argentina. Journal of Latin American Studies, 42: 29-57.

Mattli, S. and Sandström, A. (2011), The Rationale Determining Advocacy Coalitions: Examining Coordination Networks and Corresponding Beliefs. Policy Studies Journal, 39: 385–410.

Miller, H. and Fox. T (2001) ‘The Epistemic Community’, Administration & Society, 32 (6): 668-685

Quaglia, L. (2010) ‘Completing the single market in financial services: the politics of competing advocacy coalitions’, Journal of European Public Policy Vol. 17, Iss. 7, 2010

Sabatier, Paul A., and Jenkins-Smith, Hank C. eds. (1993), Policy Change and Learning: An Advocacy Coalition Approach, Boulder: Westview.

Thomas, C. W. (1997) Public Management as Interagency Cooperation: Testing Epistemic Community Theory at the Domestic Level, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 7(2):

Toke, David. (1999) "Epistemic Communities and Environmental Groups", Politics, 19(2): 97-102.

Verdun, Amy (1999): The role of the Delors Committee in the creation of EMU: an epistemic community?, Journal of European Public Policy, 6:2, 308-328

6 Transnational Advocacy Networks

x Do networks promote the development of global civil society? Discuss issues of legitimacy, power and influence x What distinguishes networks from transnational social movements? x What kind of network, and networking, is reflected in the Open Society Institute and Soros Foundations Network? x Why are TANs sometimes depicted as outsider groups?

8 Recommended Reading

Keck, Margaret. and Sikkink, Kathryn. (1999) ‘Transnational advocacy networks in international and regional politics, International Social Science Journal, 51(159):89—101.

Lang, Sabine (2009) Assessing Advocacy: European Transnational Women's Networks and Gender Mainstreaming’, Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 16(3): 327-357

Additional Reading

Baker, Gideon. (2002) ‘Problems in the Theorisation of Global Civil Society’, Political Studies, 50(5): 928-943.

David, Huw T. (2007) Transnational advocacy in the eighteenth century: transatlantic activism and the anti-slavery movement’, Global Networks, 7(3): 367-382)

Khagram, Sanjeev., Riker, James. V., & Sikkink, Kathryn. Eds (2002) Restructuring World Politics: Transnational Social Movements, Networks and Norms, Minneapolis, Minnesota University Press.

Keck, Margaret. and Sikkink, Kathryn. (1998) Activists Beyond Borders: Advocacy Networks in International Politics, Ithaca NY. Cornell University Press.

Opp, Karl-Dieter and Gern, Christiane (1993) Dissident Groups, Personal Networks, and Spontaneous Cooperation: The East German Revolution of 1989’, American Sociological Review, 58(5): 659-680.

Routledge, Paul and Cumbers, Andrew, Global Justice Networks: Geographies of Transnational Solidarity, Manchester University Press, 2009

Sending, Ole Jacob. And Neumann, Iver. B. (2006) ‘Governance to Governmentality: Analyzing NGOs, States and Power’, International Studies Quarterly, 50:651-672.

Taylor, Rupert, (2002) Interpreting Global Civil Society, Voluntas: International Journal of Volunatry and Nonprofit Organizations, 13(4) December.

Additional Reading on Transnational Gender Networking

Hale, Angela & Wills, Jane. (2007) Women Working Worldwide: transnational networks, corporate social responsibility and action research, Global Networks, 7(4): 453-476

Moghadam, Valentine. M. (2005) Globalizing Women: Transnational Feminist Networks, Baltimore, Johns Hopkins Press.

Montoya, Celeste. (2008) ‘The European Union, Capacity Building and Transnational Networks: Combatting Violence Against Women Through the Daphne Program, International Organization, 62: 359-72.

Osa Maryjane, (2003) Solidarity and Contention: Networks of Polish Opposition, Minneapolis, Minnesota Press

9 Pudrovska, Tetyana (2004) Global Activism in "Virtual Space": The European Women's Lobby in the Network of Transnational Women's NGOs on the Web Social Politics: International Studies in Gender, State and Society, 11(1):. 117-143.

Rai, Shirin. (2004) “Networking Across Borders: South Asian Research network (SARN) on Gender, Law and Governance”, in Diane Stone and Simon Maxwell (eds) The Challenge of Transnational Knowledge Networks: Bridging Research and Policy in A Globalising World, London, Routledge.

Sperling, Valerie., Marx Feree, Myra. And Risman, Barbara. (2001) ‘Constructing Global Feminisms: Transnational Advocacy Networks and Russian Women’s Activism’, Signs, 26(4): 1155-1186.

Zippel, Katherine. (2004) ‘Transnational Advocacy Networks and Policy Cycles in the European Union: The Case of Sexual Harassment’, Social Politics 11(1); 57-85.

7. Transnational Executive Networks & Global Public Policy Networks

x Compared to TANs, in what manner are TENs different? x How are GPPNs distinctive?

Recommended Reading

Reinicke, Wolfgang. H. (1999/2000) ‘The Other World Wide Web: Global Public Policy Networks’, Foreign Policy, Winter.

Reinicke, Wolfgang. & Deng, Francis (2000) Critical Choices: The United Nations, Networks and the Future of Global Governance, Chs. 1., 2. & 3.

Slaughter, Anne Marie, (2009) ‘America’s Edge in a Networked World’, Foreign Affairs, 88 (1. Jan/Feb): 94—113.

Anne Marie Slaugher’s publications can be found at: http://www.princeton.edu/~slaughtr/Articles/AmericasEdgeFA.txt

Additional Reading

Dahan, Nicolas; Doh, Jonathan and Guay, Terrence. (2006) ‘The role of multinational corporations in transnational institution building: a policy network perspective’, Human Relations, 59(11) 1571-1600.

DeTomassi, David Anthony. (2007) The Multinational Corporation and Global Governance: Modelling Global Public Policy Networks’, Journal of Business Ethics, 71:321-34.

Djelic, Marie-Laure and Quack, Sigrid. Eds. (2010) Transnational Communities: Shaping Global Economic Governance, Cambridge University Press.

Ottaway, Marina. (2001) ‘Corporatism Goes Global: International Organizations, Nongovernmental Organization Networks and Transnational Business, Global Governance, 7(3): 2965-92.

10 Slaughter, Anne Marie, (2004) A New World Order, Princeton, Princeton University Press.

Waddell, Steve. (2011) Global Action Networks, Bocconi University Press.

8. Discourse Coalitions and KNETs

x What is the interpretive turn in network analysis? x For what purposes and rationales have international organisations become involved in knowledge networking?

Recommended Reading

Bevir, M. and Richards, D. (2009) ‘Decentering Policy Networks: A Theoretical Agenda’, Public Administration, 87: 3–14

Hajer, Maarten. (1993) ‘Discourse Coalitions and Institutionalisation of Practice: The Case of Acid Rain in Great Britain’, in F Fischer and J Forester (eds.) The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning, London, UCL Press.

See also Maarten Hajer’s home page at: http://www.maartenhajer.nl/index.php?Itemid=19&id=17&option=com_content&tas k=view

Additional Reading

Fischer, Frank. & Forester, John. eds. (1993) The Argumentative Turn in Policy Analysis and Planning. London: UCL Press.

Ilcan, Suzan. And Phillips, Lynne. (2008) ‘Governing through Global Networks: Knowledge Mobilities and Participatory Development’, Current Sociology, 56(5): 711-34

Johnstone, I . (2005) 'The Power of Interpretive Communities.' In Barnett, M. and Duvall, R. (eds.) Power in Global Governance, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Krause Hansen, Hans., Salskov-Iversen, Dorte and Bislev, Sven. (2002) Transnational Discourse Communities: Globalizing Public Management’ in Richard Higgott and Morton Ougaard (eds). Approaching the Global Polity, London, Routledge

Lewis, JM (2011) ‘The future of network governance research: Strength in diversity and synthesis’ (Introduction to symposium of papers on network governance research), Public Administration 89(4): 1221-1234

O’Brien, Richard. (2003) ‘The Global Network Knowledge Gap’, Global Networks, 3(1): 1-6.

Sinclair, Timothy. J. (2000) ‘Reinventing Authority: Embedded Knowledge Networks and the New Global Finance’, Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 18: 487-502.

Stone, Diane. ‘Global Public Policy, Transnational Policy Communities and Their Networks’, Policy Studies Journal, 36(1): 19-38.

11 Additional Reading on World Bank and IO Knowledge Networking

Dieter Plehwe, (2007) ‘A Global Knowledge Bank? The World Bank and Bottom up Effort to Reinforce the Neoliberal Developments Perspectives in the Post Washington Consensus Era’, Globalizations, 4(4): 514-28.

Stiglitz, Joseph. (2000) ‘Scan Globally, Reinvent Locally: Knowledge Infrastructure and the Localization of Knowledge’ in Diane Stone (ed.) Banking on Knowledge: The Genesis of the Global Development Network, London, Routledge.

Stone, Diane. (2003) The ‘Knowledge Bank’ and The Global Development Network’, Global Governance, 9(1): 43-61.

UNIDO, (2011) Networks for Prosperity Achieving Development Goals through Knowledge Sharing, Vienna, UNIDO.

9. Actor Network Theory

x Can networks have agency independent of humans? x What is the value-added of the ANT approach for policy-making?

Recommended Reading

Alcadipani, R. and Hassard, J. (2010) ‘Actor-Network Theory, organizations and critique: towards a politics of organizing’, Organization, 17(4) : 419—35

Latour, Bruno (1999) ‘On recalling ANT’, in John Law and John Hassard (eds) Actor Network Theory and After, Blackwell, Oxford.

Young, David., Borland, Ron. and Coghill, Ken. (2010) An Actor-Network Theory Analysis of Policy Innovation for Smoke-Free Places: Understanding Change in Complex Systems, Am J Public Health, 100 (7): 1208

Additional Reading

Alferoff, Catrina and Knights, David, (2009) ‘Making and Mending Your Nets: Managing Relevance, Participation and Uncertainty in Academic Practitioner Knowledge Networks’, British Journal of Management, 20,(1): 125-142

Bonner W. and Chiasson, M. (2005) ‘If fair information principles are the answer, what was the question? An actor-network theory investigation of the modern constitution of privacy’, Information and Organization, 15 (4): 267-293.

Latour, Bruno (2005) ReAssembling the Social: An Introduction to Actor Network Theory, Oxford University Press.

Law, John and John Hassard eds (1999). Actor Network Theory and After Oxford and Keele, Blackwell and the Sociological Review.

Riles, Annelise. (2000) The Network Inside Out, Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press.

12 Roberts, J. M. (2011) ‘Poststructuralism against poststructuralism: Actor-network theory, organizations and economic markets’, European Journal of Social Theory,

Thompson, Graeme. (2003) Between Hierarchies and Markets: The Logic and Limits of Network Forms of Organization, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Ch 3.

Whittle, A. and Spicer, A. (2008) ‘Is Actor Network Theory Critique’, Organization Studies, 29(4): 611-629.

William-Jones, Bryn and Janice Graham, (2003) ‘Actor Network Theory: A tool to support ethical analysis of commercial genetic testing’, New Genetics and Society, 22(3).

Related Web-Sites Bruno Latour’s Official Web Site: http://www.bruno-latour.fr/biography.html ANTHEM: Actor Network Theory and Heidegger Meeting: http://www.anthem-group.net/

10. Review of Methods, Synergies and Synthesis in Governance by Network

x What is the future of network governance research? x What are the limitations of network approaches?

Recommended Reading

Davies, Jonathan. (2011) Challenging Governance Theory: From Networks to Hegemony, Bristol, Policy Press. Ch 4.

Dowding, Keith. (2000) ‘Model or Metaphor? A Critical Review of Policy Network Approach’ in Patrick Dunleavy, P. J. Kelly and Mick Moran (eds) British Political Science: Fifty Years of Political Studies, Oxford, Blackwell Publishers.

Carlson, Lars. (2000) Policy Networks as Collective Action’, Policy Studies Journal, 28( 3): 502-520)

Additional Reading

Blatter, J. (2003), Beyond Hierarchies and Networks: Institutional Logics and Change in Transboundary Spaces. Governance, 16: 503–526.

Evans, Mark. (2001) ‘Understanding Dialectics in Network Analysis’, Political Studies, 49: 542-50.

Hay, Colin. (1998) ‘The Tangled Webs We Weave: The Discourse, Strategy and Practice of Networking’, in D. Marsh (ed.) Comparing Policy Networks, Buckingham, Open University Press.

Holton, Robert J. (2008) Global Networks, Palgrave Macmillan. Chapter 3 on ‘Network Methdologies’.

13 Leifeld, Philip. (2007). Policy Networks. A Citation Analysis of the Quantitative Literature. Diplomarbeit University of Konstanz. Available at http://www.philipleifeld.de/cms/upload/Downloads/Philip_Leifeld_Policy_Networks _A_Citation_Analysis_of_the_Quantitative_Literature_Diplomarbeit.pdf

Marsh, David. (1998) ‘The Development of the Policy Network Approach’ in David Marsh (ed.) Comparing Policy Networks, Buckingham, Open University Press.

Thompson, Graeme. (2003) Between Hierarchies and Markets: The Logic and Limits of Network Forms of Organization, Oxford, Oxford University Press.

11. Internal Affairs: Network Leadership and Management

x What are the specific challenges related to network management compared to traditional bureaucratic management of government agencies? x What are the forces contributing to, or undermining, network sustainability?

Recommended Reading

Agranoff, Robert and McGuire, Michael (2001) ‘Big Questions in Public Network Management Research’, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 11(3): 295-326.

Provan, Keith and Kenis, Patrick. (2008) Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management, and Effectiveness, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18 (2): 229–252.

Voets, Joris, Wouteer Van Dooren and Filip De Rynck (2008). A Framework for Assessing the Performance of Policy Networks. Public Management Review. 10 (6): 773-790

Waddell, Steve. (2011) Global Action Networks, Bocconi University Press.

Additional Reading

Agranoff, Robert. (2007) Managing Within Networks: Adding Value to Public Organizations, Washington DC., Georgetown University Press.

Balkundi, P. and Kilduff, M.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W5N-4HDG9HG- 2&_user=585204&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_version=1&_urlVer sion=0&_userid=585204&md5=1b7d13fa27617f6a53b93844eeb9efcb - aff2 (2005) ‘The ties that lead: A social network approach to leadership’, The Leadership Quarterly, 16, I(6) 941-961

14 Gerrard, , Christopher, D., Ferroni, Marco. & Mody, Ashoka. (2001) Global Public Policies and Programs: Implications for Financing and Evaluation, Washington DC., World Bank. Part. 8.

Hajer, M. & Versteeg, W. (2005) ‘Symposium: Governance Networks performing governance through networks’, European Political Science, 4, 340–347.

Joaquín Herranz, Jr (2007) ‘The Multisectoral Trilemma of Network Management’, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory,

Jones, C., Hesterly, W. S. and Borgatti, S.P. (1997) “A General Theory of Network Governance: Exchange Conditions and Social Mechanisms’, Academy of Management Review, 22(4): 911-45

Kickert, W.J.M. and Koppenjan, J.F.M. (1997) ‘Public Management and Network Managements: An Overview’ in in Walter J. M. Kickert, Erik-Hans Klijn & Joop F. M. Koppenjan (eds) Managing Complex Networks: Strategies for the Public Sector, London, Sage.

Reinicke, Wolfgang. & Deng, Francis (2000) Critical Choices: The United Nations, Networks and the Future of Global Governance, Ottawa, International Development Research Centre. Ch. 4.

Steets, J. & Thomson, K. (2009) Global Landscape: A Review of International Partnership Trends, An Input for UNICEF’s Strategic Framework for Partnerships, Berlin, Global Public Policy Institute. Part 4.

Weyrauch, Vanessa (2007) Weaving Global Networks, CSGR Working Paper & CIPPEC: http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/csgr/research/workingpapers/2007/wp21907.pdf

12. External Relations: Network Accountabilities and the Democratic Deficit

x Is there a trade off between network efficiency and democratic legitimacy? x To what extent, and with what success, are networks, coalitions and partnerships made accountable to their members, their clients and the public? x What are the external pressures on networks to democratise?

Recommended Reading

Bäckstrand, Karin. (2008) ‘Accountability of Networked Climate Governance: the Rise of Transnational Climate Partnerships’, Global Environmental Politics, 8(3): 74-102.

Kooiman, Jan (2008) ‘Reviews’, Public Administration 86, (3): 859–880.

Sorensen, Eva and Torfing, Jacob (2005) Network Governance and Post Liberal Democracy’, Administrative Theory & Praxis, 27(2):

Additional Reading

15 Auld, Graham, & Gulbrandsen, Lars. (2010)’ Transparency in Nonstate Certification: Consequences for Accountability and Legitimacy’, Global Environmental Politics, 10(3): 97-119

De Bruijn, J. A. & Ringeling, A. B. (1997) ‘Normative Notes: Perspectives on Networks’, in Walter J. M. Kickert, Erik-Hans Klijn & Joop F. M. Koppenjan (eds) Managing Complex Networks: Strategies for the Public Sector, London, Sage.

Dryzek, J. S. (1999) ‘Transnational Democracy’, Journal of Political Philosophy, 7(1): 30-51.

Kopell. Jonathon. (2008) ‘Global Governance Organizations: Legitimacy and Authority in Conflict, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18: 177-203.

Holden, Barry. Ed. (2000) Global Democracy: Key Debates, London, Routledge.

Keohane, Robert O., Macedo, Stephen and Moravcsik, Andrew. (2009) ‚Democracy- Enhancing Multilateralism’, International Organization, 63(winter): 1-31.

O’Toole, L.J. (1997). The Implications for Democracy in a Networked Bureaucratic World. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 7(3): 443-59.

Papadopoulos, Yannis (2010): Accountability and Multi-level Governance: More Accountability, Less Democracy? West European Politics, 33:5,1030-1049

Skogstad, Grace (2003) ‘Legitimacy and/or policy effectiveness?: Network governance and GMO regulation in the European Union’, Journal of European Public Policy, 10(3): 321-38.

Sorenson, E. (2002) Democratic Theory and Network Governance, Administrative Theory and Praxis, 24(4): 693-720.

Sorenson, E and Torfing J. (2003) Network Politics, Political Capital and Democracy’, International Journal of Public Administration, 26(6): 609-34.

Thompson, Graeme. (2003) Between Hierarchies and Markets: The Logic and Limits of Network Forms of Organization, Oxford, Oxford University Press. Ch. 7.

Related Websites Conference on democratic network governance: http://www.demnetgov.ruc.dk/publications/

16 Essay Suggestions.

You may develop your own essay topic. This must be done in consultation with the course director. Below are some suggested titles that can be taken for your essay, or modified to suit your interests.

1. How and why do networks both pluralize and privatize policy making?

2. Critically assess whether policy networks and/or public-private partnerships contribute to effective and efficient multi-level governance.

3. Are (transnational) networks a cause or consequence of (global) civil society?

4. Governance by networks has no bounds. Discuss.