The Berkshire Echo 38

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Berkshire Echo 38 The Berkshire Echo Issue 38 l Honouring Fair Mile l BRO Completes the Grid l New to the Archives l Critical Eye on Jane Eyre l New Family History Tool From the Editor Dates for Your Diary Get introduced to history Welcome to the fi rst online issue of In this fi rst issue: Read about Fair The Berkshire Echo and many thanks Mile hospital and the recent celebration Want to learn more about your for signing up to receive your copy. of work done on the records there; history or the history of where you We hope that having absorbed its discover a major new mapping resource; live? Why not put your name down content, you will be inspired to visit enjoy a fascinating tale of a Jane Eyre for one of the free BRO introductory our offi ces or website and begin your critic; fi ll in some of those gaps in your visits. Dates for 2007 are: 5th own journey into the past. family history; see the latest material February, 16th April, 9th July and added to the collections, and ensure 8th October. Call us on 0118 901 The Berkshire Record Offi ce (BRO) is that you have noted the dates of the 5132 or ask at Reception for details. the place to visit if you want to fi nd out Bracknell family history fair. anything about the history of Berkshire. Take the family to the fair We hold more than 7 linear miles of If you would like to feedback on any of historic documents, dating from the the articles or indeed if you would like Sunday 28th January 2007 is the 12th century, covering a whole host of to share your own family or local history date for this year’s Family History subjects, broadly belonging to either story, please contact us (all contact fair at Bracknell Sports and Leisure local or family history. details on the back page). If you have Centre, Bracknell. The BRO will other friends or family who may like to have a stall where you can gain With the e-movement well under way receive their own copy of the newsletter information about our services. we decided to embrace it as a mean please let them know our email enquiry Our colleagues at the Berkshire to keep you, our readers abreast of line [email protected] Family History Society (BFHS) will latest developments at BRO. also have a stall so why not come Within these pages you can expect Please read on, and enjoy! along and fi nd out more. to fi nd details of family and local Mark Stevens (Senior Archivist) Ask questions about how to start history events in the area, your family history or how to fascinating features from the archive, solve any mysteries you may have details of latest material available discovered in your research. The at the BRO, project and partnership fair is open from 10am to 5pm, news, usage tips and hopefully admission £3.00; see the Family feedback, queries and stories that History Fairs website for more will come in response, from you. details: http://members.aol.com/ aquarterma/familyhistoryfairs.html The Berkshire Echo Issue 38 berkshirerecordoffi ce.org.uk [email protected] Councillor Angus Ross, Chairman of Wokingham District Council; Councillor Brian Bedwell, Chairman of West Berkshire Council and Councillor David MacIsaac, Mayor of Slough Borough Council. Dates for Your Diary Painting paradise The Museum of Reading is currently exhibiting the Stanley Spencer paintings from the Stanley Spencer Gallery in Cookham, while it undergoes refurbishment. Pop along to the museum and Honouring Fair Mile take a look at this wonderful exhibition, which runs until 22nd The completion of a project to catalogue April 2007. See the museum and conserve the records of Berkshire’s website for more details: http:// former county lunatic asylum, Fair Mile www.readingmuseum.org.uk Hospital, was recently celebrated with a high profi le reception at The Berkshire Record Offi ce. Philip Wroughton; Councillor Bet Tickner, Various honoured guests attended Mayor of Reading Borough Council the celebration event including the and Lorna Roberts. Lord-Lieutenant of Berkshire, Philip Wroughton, the Chair of Berkshire NHS Trust, Lorna Roberts, and guests from the councils of Berkshire, NHS Trusts BRO completes the grid and mental health service providers. Guests were treated to a display of A project to catalogue the Ordnance various records including case notes Survey National Grid maps for Berkshire and registers. is now complete allowing visitors to access more than 1200 maps previously The project, funded by a grant from unavailable at the BRO. The Wellcome Trust, has delivered a complete catalogue of records relating This is a wonderful resource if you are to the patients, staff, land and buildings, researching local history, house history, and administration of the hospital and To advertise please or even family history, as it covers a conserved them for posterity. fairly modern period in a geographic contact us on The catalogue (reference D/H10) is and visual way. 0118 901 5132 available in the searchroom and details the collection, the highlight of which is Included in the collection are an almost complete set of the statutory 1870s–1880s town plans for Abingdon, patient records from 1870 to 1944, Newbury and Reading at scale 1:500 including admission registers, records (c.120inch/1 mile) as well as the of medical treatment, case books, and following Berkshire maps: registers of discharges and deaths. 1:1250 (c.50 inch/1 mile) 1950s-1980s An online gallery has been created 1:2500 (c.25 inch/1 mile) 1950s-1970s on the BRO website, providing a 1:10,000 (c.6 inch/1 mile) 1960s-1970s brief history of the hospital and showing collection highlights. 1:25,000 (c.2.5 inch/1 mile) 1980s To take a look please go to: www.berkshirerecordoffi ce.org.uk/ If you wish to make use of this new collections/fairmile.htm collection please ask during your visit. The Berkshire Echo Issue 38 berkshirerecordoffi ce.org.uk [email protected] Mary Russell Mitford Critical Eye on Jane Eyre New Family history tool at the BRO Are you researching your family history and having problems For those of you who watched the recent BBC adaptation of fi lling gaps? If so, then our new collection of Bishop’s Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre it may fascinate you to know that Transcripts may be of interest to you. there were harsh critics lurking even in Victorian times. Bishop’s Transcripts were the result of parish clerks Letters authored by a local, then esteemed writer, Mary transcribing parish registers containing details of baptisms, Russell Mitford reveal her view of the latest in contemporary marriages and burials and sending the transcripts to the fi ction of the day. Bishop in the Diocese of Salisbury. These documents can be invaluable when fi lling in gaps where a parish register no In 1849, Mitford writes “[I fi nd the book]..powerful but terribly longer exists. course and unpleasant – too coarse to be written by a man or a lady” and goes on to say “the authoress makes the reader Until recently it was only possible to use these documents share Jane’s preference of the sinner to the saint – indeed I at Wiltshire and Swindon Record Offi ce, but now BRO have think the odious selfi sh missionary the best done thing in created microfi lm copies of the transcripts, which date from the book.” the early 17th century up to 1836. Post 1836 transcripts are held at the Oxfordshire Record Offi ce. In another letter, dated 1853, Mary said of Bronte’s later books “although not ladies and gentlemen her personages Please ask us for more details during your next visit. are men & women”, but shocked by the “bad tone”, wondered, “Where can she have lived?” Presumably life for Mary in Berkshire was not akin to the world of Bronte’s novels! Mary lived in Three Mile Cross, near Reading, and based her most famous book Our Village on her life there. Document references: 1849 letter D/EZ131/2; 1853 letter D/EZ131/6 The Berkshire Echo Issue 38 berkshirerecordoffi ce.org.uk [email protected] New to the Archives Family historians will be excited by the discovery of a hitherto been listed (D/EX1725). Sale catalogues have arrived for the unknown parish register for Peasemore (D/P92). The register Hillfi elds estate in Burghfi eld, 1892 (D/EX1940), 9 Peascod covers baptisms, 1804-1812, burials, 1805-1812, and one Street, Windsor, 1912 (D/EX1968), and the Buckhold estate marriage in 1804. The volume had subsequently been used in Bradfi eld and adjoining parishes, 1932 (D/EX1956). to keep accounts. The parish has also deposited the marriage A rather unusual deposit was a case of replica medieval seals register for 1837-1986. Other parishes to have added to associated with Hurley Priory, made in the 1890s for Hurley their records are Charlton (marriage registers, 1957-1999) vicar and local historian, the Revd Florence T Wethered (D/ (D/P143B), and Maidenhead St Peter (D/P184). The records P72). The programme for fi lms to be shown at the Playhouse of Shinfi eld and St Sebastian’s (in Wokingham Without) in Windsor in May 1944 (D/EX1984) includes an advertisement Cemeteries (DC/WO) are also now catalogued. for a local teashop offering home cooked meals “compatible with wartime restrictions”. We have acquired a set of photographs of Fair Mile Hospital taken in 2001 (D/EX1678), which supplement the hospital And fi nally, some very early 20th century publicity leafl ets records mentioned in the last issue of the Echo.
Recommended publications
  • The Berkshire Echo 96
    July 2021 l Abbey versus town l Hammer and chisel: Reading Abbey after the Dissolution l New to the Archives The Berkshire Echo WHAT’S ON From the Editor after a drawing by Paul Sandby (1731-1809) (D/EX2807/37/11) South ‘A Top: Prospect of the Abbey-Gate at Reading’, by Michael Angelo Rooker (c.1743-1801) Welcome to the Summer edition of the When the Abbey’s founder, Henry I, Where Smooth Waters Glide Berkshire Echo where we take a look died in Normandy in 1136, his body Take a look at our fantastic online into the history of Reading Abbey as was brought from there to be buried exhibition on the history of the River it celebrates its 900th anniversary in front of the high altar in the abbey Thames to mark 250 years of caring for this year. The abbey was founded in church. Unfortunately, as we discover the river at thames250exhibition.com June 1121 by Henry I and became one of in ‘Hammer and chisel’: Reading Abbey the richest and most important religious after the Dissolution, his coffin was institutions of medieval England. not handled very well later in the Pilgrims travelled to Reading to see nineteenth century. the hand of St James, a relic believed But how did it come to pass that the to have miraculous powers. The abbey resting place of a Royal was treated also has a place in the history of both this way? Well, it stems from another music and the English language, as royal – Henry VIII. After declaring it is believed to be the place where himself the Supreme Head of the the song ‘Summer is icumen in’ was Church of England in 1534, Henry VIII composed in the 13th century – the first disbanded monasteries across England, known song in English.
    [Show full text]
  • The Berkshire Echo 44
    The Berkshire Echo Issue 44 l 60 Years of BRO l County Archivist Hall of Fame l Choosing Favourites l From the Archives From the Editor From the Editor What made 1948 a special year? For Today we have over fi ve miles of shelving Dates for Your Diary some people doubtless it was the full of documents, between fi ve and six Heritage Open Day London Olympics, for others the thousand visitors annually, and several BRO will open its doors for tours founding of the National Health Service. thousand more enquiries by telephone, of both the public areas and But among the many events of that year, letter and e-mail. behind-the-scenes on 13 one, little noticed at the time, had a September, as part of the Heritage special signifi cance in the Royal County So this autumn we celebrate our sixtieth Open Days. If you would like of Berkshire, and that was the opening of birthday – sixty years of collecting to come along, please ask at the Berkshire Record Offi ce. and preserving records, sixty years of reception to book a place. welcoming visitors and encouraging That Berkshire needed a Record Offi ce research into the history of Berkshire Crime Festival had been recognised a decade earlier; and its people. Many thousands of Peter Bedford, Coroner for but war intervened, and it was not people have passed through our Berkshire, will be giving a talk until August 1948 that the fi rst County doors; many hundreds of books, in the Wroughton Room at BRO Archivist, Dr Felix Hull, was appointed.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Medieval and Modern Resource Assessment
    THE SOLENT THAMES RESEARCH FRAMEWORK RESOURCE ASSESSMENT POST-MEDIEVAL AND MODERN PERIOD (AD 1540 - ) Jill Hind April 2010 (County contributions by Vicky Basford, Owen Cambridge, Brian Giggins, David Green, David Hopkins, John Rhodes, and Chris Welch; palaeoenvironmental contribution by Mike Allen) Introduction The period from 1540 to the present encompasses a vast amount of change to society, stretching as it does from the end of the feudal medieval system to a multi-cultural, globally oriented state, which increasingly depends on the use of Information Technology. This transition has been punctuated by the protestant reformation of the 16th century, conflicts over religion and power structure, including regicide in the 17th century, the Industrial and Agricultural revolutions of the 18th and early 19th century and a series of major wars. Although land battles have not taken place on British soil since the 18th century, setting aside terrorism, civilians have become increasingly involved in these wars. The period has also seen the development of capitalism, with Britain leading the Industrial Revolution and becoming a major trading nation. Trade was followed by colonisation and by the second half of the 19th century the British Empire included vast areas across the world, despite the independence of the United States in 1783. The second half of the 20th century saw the end of imperialism. London became a centre of global importance as a result of trade and empire, but has maintained its status as a financial centre. The Solent Thames region generally is prosperous, benefiting from relative proximity to London and good communications routes. The Isle of Wight has its own particular issues, but has never been completely isolated from major events.
    [Show full text]
  • Rawlinson's Proposed History of Oxfordshire
    Rawlinson's Proposed History of Oxfordshire By B. J. ENRIGHT INthe English Topographer, published in 1720, Richard Rawlinson described the manuscript and printed sources from which a history of Oxfordshire might be compiled and declared regretfully, ' of this County .. we have as yet no perfect Description.' He hastened to add in that mysteriously weH­ informed manner which invariably betokened reference to his own activities: But of this County there has been, for some Years past, a Description under Consideration, and great Materials have been collected, many Plates engraved, an actual Survey taken, and Quaeries publish'd and dispers'd over the County, to shew the Nature of the Design, as well to procure Informations from the Gentry and others, which have, in some measure, answer'd the Design, and encouraged the Undertaker to pursue it with all convenient Speed. In this Work will be included the Antiquities of the Town and City of Oxford, which Mr. Anthony d l-Vood, in Page 28 of his second Volume of Athenae Oxonienses, &c. promised, and has since been faithfully transcribed from his Papers, as well as very much enJarg'd and corrected from antient Original Authorities. I At a time when antiquarian studies were rapidly losing their appeal after the halcyon days of the 17th-century,' this attempt to compile a large-scale history of a county which had received so little attention caUs for investigation. In proposing to publish a history of Oxfordshirc at this time, Rawlinson was being far less unrealistic thall might at first appear. For
    [Show full text]
  • In the Nature of Cities: Urban Political Ecology
    In the Nature of Cities In the Nature of Cities engages with the long overdue task of re-inserting questions of nature and ecology into the urban debate. This path-breaking collection charts the terrain of urban political ecology, and untangles the economic, political, social and ecological processes that form contemporary urban landscapes. Written by key political ecology scholars, the essays in this book attest that the re- entry of the ecological agenda into urban theory is vital, both in terms of understanding contemporary urbanization processes, and of engaging in a meaningful environmental politics. The question of whose nature is, or becomes, urbanized, and the uneven power relations through which this socio-metabolic transformation takes place, are the central themes debated in this book. Foregrounding the socio-ecological activism that contests the dominant forms of urbanizing nature, the contributors endeavour to open up a research agenda and a political platform that sets pointers for democratizing the politics through which nature becomes urbanized and contemporary cities are produced as both enabling and disempowering dwelling spaces for humans and non-humans alike. Nik Heynen is Assistant Professor in the Department of Geography at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee. Maria Kaika is Lecturer in Urban Geography at the University of Oxford, School of Geography and the Environment, and Fellow of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford. Erik Swyngedouw is Professor at the University of Oxford, School of Geography and the Environment, and Fellow of St. Peter’s College, Oxford. Questioning Cities Edited by Gary Bridge, University of Bristol, UK and Sophie Watson, The Open University, UK The Questioning Cities series brings together an unusual mix of urban scholars under the title.
    [Show full text]
  • Post-Medieval & Modern Berkshire & Hampshire
    POST MEDIEVAL AND MODERN (INDUSTRIAL, MILITARY, INSTITUTIONS AND DESIGNED LANDSCAPES) HAMPSHIRE AND BERKSHIRE David Hopkins November 2006 Introduction Hampshire. Hampshire is dominated by the chalk landscape which runs in a broad belt, east west, across the middle of the county. The northern edge runs through Pilot Hill and Basingstoke, the southern edge through Kings Somborne and Horndean. These are large, open and fertile landscapes dominated by agriculture. Agriculture is the principle force behind the character of the landscape and the evolution of the transport network and such industry as exists. There are large vistas, with nucleated villages, isolated farms and large extents of formal enclosure. Market towns developed linked by transport routes. Small scale processing using the water power available from streams was supported by, and eventually replaced by, growing industrialisation in some towns, usually those where modern transport (such as rail) allowed development. These towns expanded and changed in character, whilst other less well placed towns continue to retain their market town character. North and south of the chalk are bands of tertiary deposits, sands, gravels and clays. Less fertile and less easy to farm for much of their history they have been dominated by Royal Forest. Their release from forest and small scale nature of the agricultural development has lead to a medieval landscape, with dispersed settlement and common edge settlement with frequent small scale isolated farms. The geology does provide opportunities for extractive industry, and the cheapness of the land, and in the north the proximity to London, led to the establishment of military training areas, and parks and gardens developed by London’s new wealthy classes.
    [Show full text]
  • Berkshire Old and New Journal of the Berkshire Local History Association
    Berkshire Old and New Journal of the Berkshire Local History Association No.28 2011 Contents How old is Old Windsor? 3 David Lewis The Hundreds of Berkshire 12 Joan A. Dils The Culham Court Estate, Wargrave, Berkshire, Part One 18 Phillada Ballard The covered market, the forgotten archway and the Arcade at Reading 37 Pat Smart The Berkshire Bibliography, 2011 49 David Cliffe ISSN 0264 9950 Berkshire Local History Association registered charity number 1097355 How old is Old Windsor? President: Professor E. J. T. Collins, BA PhD Chairman and vice-president: Mr David Cliffe David Lewis A thought-provoking sign has recently appeared on the A308 at Old Berkshire Local History Association was formed in 1976. Membership is open Windsor, informing motorists that the town was once the ‘Home of Saxon to individuals, societies and corporate bodies, such as libraries, schools, Kings’. At first, this statement might seem quite reasonable; certainly the colleges. The Association covers the whole area of the County of Berkshire, both place was occasionally used by at least the last Saxon king, and likely the pre and post 1974. Confessor had some affection for the place, as in 1066 it formed part of the foundation endowment for his mausoleum, Westminster Abbey.1 On Editor Dr J. Brown. The editorial committee welcomes contributions of articles reflection, however, the claim might seem a little less clear cut. and reports for inclusion in forthcoming issues of the journal. Please contact Dr Firstly, the idea that anywhere could, in a modern sense, be called ‘home’ Jonathan Brown, Museum of English Rural Life, Redlands Road, Reading, to these peripatetic monarchs suggests that more than a little gloss has been RG1 5EX (email [email protected]) for guidance on length and presentation applied to the facts.
    [Show full text]
  • Roman Berkshire Jill Greenaway November 2006
    1 Solent- Thames Research Framework Roman Berkshire Jill Greenaway November 2006 In the Roman period, the area that is now Berkshire was part of the civitas of the Atrebates whose administrative centre lay at Calleva, the Roman town near Silchester in Hampshire. This civitas was a Roman creation. The modern county boundary between Berkshire and Hampshire kinks around the Silchester area and it would be interesting to investigate whether this preserves an ancient land boundary. Roman Berkshire is therefore part of an entity that includes Hampshire, which lies within the Solent-Thames study area, but also east Wiltshire and west Surrey which lie outside it. Berkshire in the Roman period cannot be fully understood without reference to the whole of the civitas, particularly when looking at hierarchical settlement patterns. Most of the Roman small towns, for example Mildenhall (Cunetio), Wanborough (Durocornovium), Dorchester and Staines (Pontes), are outside the modern county boundary but must have influenced the area that is now Berkshire. Today the area is a mix of urban and rural settlements and many sites have been damaged both through urban development and intensive farming. Clay pits, gravel pits and road building have added to the destruction of the historic environment the pace of which has increased during the last fifty years. Recording of the sites so destroyed was somewhat piecemeal until the advent of PPG16 and developer funded archaeology but even with a more planned approach to investigation and recording, the resulting distribution has reflected areas of development and to some extent has followed the pattern of previously known sites.
    [Show full text]
  • List of Publications in Society's Library
    OXFORD ARCHITECTURAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY LIBRARY RICHMOND ROOM, ASHMOLEAN MUSEUM Classified Shelf-List (Brought up-to-date by Tony Hawkins 1992-93) Note (2010): The collection is now stored in the Sackler Library CLASSIFICATION SCHEME A Architecture A1 General A2 Domestic A3 Military A4 Town Planning A5 Architects, biographies & memoirs A6 Periodicals B Gothic architecture B1 Theory B2 Handbooks B3 Renaissance architecture B4 Church restoration B5 Symbolism: crosses &c. C Continental and foreign architecture C1 General C2 France, Switzerland C3 Germany, Scandinavia C4 Italy, Greece C5 Asia D Church architecture: special features D1 General D2 Glass D3 Memorials, tombs D4 Brasses and incised slabs D5 Woodwork: roofs, screens &c. D6 Mural paintings D7 Miscellaneous fittings D8 Bells E Ecclesiology E1 Churches - England, by county E2 Churches - Scotland, Wales E3 Cathedrals, abbeys &c. F Oxford, county F1 Gazetteers, directories, maps &c. F2 Topography, general F3 Topography, special areas F4 Special subjects F5 Oxford diocese and churches, incl RC and non-conformist F6 Individual parishes, alphabetically G Oxford, city and university G1 Guidebooks G2 Oxford city, official publications, records G3 Industry, commerce G4 Education and social sciences G5 Town planning G6 Exhibitions, pageants &c H Oxford, history, descriptions & memoirs H1 Architecture, incl. church guides H2 General history and memoirs H3 Memoirs, academic J Oxford university J1 History J2 University departments & societies J3 Degree ceremonies J4 University institutions
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Report 2015/2016
    The Berkshire Record Office Annual Report For 2015-2016 Introduction This year has been one of building foundations. The new management team began working together, putting their own plans into place, and also began the process of applying for service accreditation by The National Archives. Being accredited will renew our licence to hold public records, and provide a benchmark that we can be judged against. As part of the accreditation process, we refreshed our aims for the first time since 1991. Though the existing aims held good, they have been updated to acknowledge a changing world – reflecting digital resources, access through technology, and seeing archives not just as a research resource, but as a wider opportunity for historical experience. Within these aims remains a core business rooted in Berkshire’s communities. We seek to inspire local pride and offer direct contact with some very precious and exciting collections. We also seek to maintain the highest standards of collections care, while recognising the need to work sustainably in a world of diminishing resources. Showing relevance, sharing our expertise, and being cost-effective: these are the values that we now plan to take forward. The annual report highlights some of the ways we are beginning to develop them. These include creating a prestigious and valued archive ‘brand’, and then using a variety of public engagement tools to help people make use of what we offer. It goes without saying that we cannot do any of this alone. The annual report is full of partnerships: with volunteers, the University of Reading, the county historical societies, the Wellcome Trust; with our colleagues in the six Berkshire districts; and now, increasingly, with our friends not just locally but online – sharing what we do, and helping to make us relevant.
    [Show full text]
  • Some Old Roads of North Berkshire
    Some Old Roads of North Berkshire- By the late GABRIELLE LAMBRICK HE area of Berkshire of which the old highways are discussed in the T following pages is that bounded on the north-west, north and east by the gr~at loop of the Thames from north of Faringdon, through Oxford, to Abing­ don, and on the south by the River Ock, with an extension from the middle valley of the Ock (in the Vale of White Horse; to Wantage, at the foot of the Berkshire Downs. Between Faringdon and Cumnor there is a long ridge or plateau running parallel with the right bank of the Thames and falling in a fairly steep escarpment to the river on the north and by a much more gradual slope to the Vale of White Horse and the valley of the Ock on the south. At right angles to this ridge, from its higher end at Cumnor Hurst, there runs the short sub­ sidiary ridge of Boars Hill and Foxcombe Hill, rising above the 500 ft. contour at its north-western extremity and falling steeply on both sides to the valley of the Thames south of Oxford on the one hand and to the valley of the Ock on the other. There is evidence that this part of the Thames valley was inhabited from prehistoric times onwards, and that there were Romano-British occupation sites at Abingdon and up the valley of the Ock. Anglo-Saxon settlements proliferated not only in the river valleys, but also along the Cumnor-Faringdon ridge and below the slopes of the Downs.
    [Show full text]
  • Thames Crossings Near Wallingford from Roman to Early Norman Times
    Thames Crossings near Wallingford from Roman to Early Norman Times A.J. Grayson Summary This article presents evidence for the location of Roman, Anglo-Saxon, and early Norman crossings of the Thames near Wallingford. The likely crossing points to Wallingford from the east bank of the river were between Day’s Lock, near Dorchester, and Goring to the south. The two most important fords were at Shillingford and Wallingford, giving access to Wallingford from lands to the north, east, and south-east. Both were subsequently the sites of bridges, Shillingford perhaps as early as the tenth century. he purpose of this study is to review evidence for early Thames crossings which gave access to TWallingford (Oxon., formerly Berks.), and to discuss their evolution. The relevant stretch of the river is downstream from Day’s Lock, west of Dorchester, to Goring and Streatley, 8 km south of Wallingford.1 Access to Wallingford from Abingdon further north did not require a Thames crossing, while access from Goring and its hinterland to the east and south-east would have been feasible via the ford at Wallingford and, in low flow conditions, Moulsford or Goring/Streatley. Here, as elsewhere, river crossings, whether natural or man-made, were crucial in determining road alignments and to a lesser extent the location of settlements close to the river. Wallingford has been chosen as the focus for two reasons. The first is the fact that at least from the early Middle Ages Wallingford was the lowest point on the Thames with an all-season ford.2 This was no doubt important to Alfred when he chose this location for a Thames-side burh, a siting which reflects the importance given to the defence of the crossing.
    [Show full text]