current awareness from the INNVENTIA group #3/2010

Modern bleaching technology free of dioxin

Norwegian collaboration improving bioenergy efficiency

The human factor

Research Seminar 2010

Good team crucial for climate of innovation r ice joh anss o n beat o: o: t p ho

Boosting business with science Modern bleaching technology free of dioxin Elisabeth Bergnor at Innventia.

Five years ago, reports came Concerns and discussions are still the ECF bleached contains as low from the Swedish Environmental arising, such as in the case of the Baltic amount of dioxin as the unbleached Sea1 and where completely new mills are pulp and the TCF bleached pulp. The Protection Agency (SEPA) being built. Peter was in demand as an content of dioxin is thus at the same concerning increased levels of dioxin expert in the public debate surround- background level in the unbleached as in in the water outside forest industry ing the construction of a new mill in the bleached pulps.” plants along the Baltic Sea coast Uruguay a few years ago. The investigation also studied how in Sweden. There was concern “If you bleach using chlorine dioxide the formation of dioxin is affected by the that this rise in content could have and do it the right way, no increase in ‘purity’ of the chlorine dioxide, i.e. the the content of dioxin can be detected,” content of chlorine in the chlorine diox- connection with the utilisation of he states. ide. It showed that, when the chlorine chlorine dioxide (ClO2) in bleach To verify this thesis, Innventia content reaches 5% (calculated as active plants, so called ECF Bleaching recently carried out screening studies, chlorine) or higher, which occurred with (), which in which pulp samples that had been the older techniques, a formation of is currently the normally preferred bleached using different methods were dioxin starts. This is totally in line compared. with earlier investigations, where a high bleaching method. Now, a study content of chlorine showed itself to carried out at Innventia has shown be decidedly the most important cause that, with today’s modern methods, of the formation of dioxin during the there is no formation of dioxin bleaching of pulp2. during the bleaching of industrially Elisabeth emphasises, “The purity of produced softwood sulphate pulp. a chlorine dioxide solution is a prereq- uisite for dioxin-free bleaching. With today’s modern chlorine dioxide gen- erators, it’s possible to obtain a chlorine “The great dioxin alert in the mid 1980s dioxide that contains less than 0.8% started a discussion that led to bleaching elementary chlorine, calculated as active with chlorine gas (Cl2) being discon- chlorine.” tinued and mainly being replaced with c o n t a c t : [email protected] or ECF Bleaching. For various reasons, part [email protected] of the ECF Bleaching was abandoned in favour of TCF Bleaching (Total Chlorine The formation of dioxins increases with increased

Free),” says Peter Axegård. content of elemental chlorine in the ClO2-solution. During the 1980s, Peter was actively Screening-studier utförda på contributing to the development of mod- Elisabeth Bergnor, the Project Innventia visar på att det, enligt dagens ern chlorine dioxide bleaching technolo- Manager, relates, “In the trials, we com- moderna metoder, inte sker någon gene- gy. He is now the Director of Biorefining, pared the ECF Bleaching with the TCF rering av dioxin vid ECF-blekning av a Business Area at Innventia. Bleaching of an industrially produced industriellt tillverkad barrvedssulfatmassa. “You could say that approximately unbleached oxygen delignified softwood I studierna jämfördes massaprover som 95% of the sulphate pulp in the world pulp. The chlorine dioxide solution used blekts på olika sätt; ECF-blekning jäm- today is being bleached according to had a low proportion of elemental chlo- fördes med TCF-blekning av en industri- ECF. When a new bleached rine, as occurs in modern industrial ellt tillverkad oblekt syrgasdelignifierad massa. Den klordioxidlösning som använ- is being built, ECF Bleaching is the one chlorine dioxide processes. The results des hade, som är fallet i moderna indu- that is normally chosen.” confirmed our assumption, namely that striella klordioxidprocesser, en låg andel elementärt klor. Resultaten bekräftade 1) Following careful evaluations of a large amount of data, a 2009 report from SEPA came to the conclusion att den ECF-blekta massan innehåller lika that the main cause of the increase in values of dioxin in the Baltic Sea is airborne emissions. lite dioxiner som den oblekta massan och 2) Reference list: Dioxin formation in Pulp and Mills of India (Thacker et al, 2007), Effect of dioxin den TCF-blekta massan. Dioxinhalterna reduction with ECF conversion in kraft pulp bleaching mills in Japan, (Toyota et al, 2007), A survey of är alltså på samma låga nivå i de oblekta pulp and paper mills: operating conditions and effluent quality in relation to fish reproduction, (Kovacs et och blekta massorna. al, 2009), Uruguay vs Argentina International Court of Justice; case verdict 2010, www.dioxinfacts.org – American Chemistry Council

2 | Beyond #3/2010 Current awareness from the Innventia Group The key question in the quest for efficient Kai Toven at PFI. bioenergy is how to create a perfect solution throughout the entire value chain. Every step needs to be optimized and industries need to have the best possible economy, when it comes to every single fibre used. PROFIT, a PFI project, has addressed these issues and, through extensive cooperation with scientific partners, the paper and wood industries and energy companies are now more than a year into the project, which will help the forest sector to improve its overall profitability.

Norwegian collaboration improving bioenergy efficiency

“The main aim is to attain profitable The owner of the project is Norske bioenergy production and improve the Skog, a paper producer. PROFIT is running from mid 2009 until quality of paper, by integrating the paper “We need to renew our business plan mid 2013. The major partners involved mill with a bioenergy production plant,” to ensure long-term profitability,” says are Norske Skog, Viken Skog, Andritz, says Kai Toven, Project Manager at PFI. Ole Petter Løbben, Business Developer Follum Energy Central, Moelven We have organized the project into three at the Mill and Industries, Xynergo, Begna Bruk “teams”, viz. Logistics, Bioenergy and Manager of the project at Norske Skog. BioVarme, PFI and Chalmers University Paper. “We have high expectations that the of Technology. “Logistics” is focusing on solutions PROFIT project will show us how to for how the existing logistics and raw put every fibre to its optimal use and material handling systems in a paper how to make better use of our process mill can be utilised for attaining a cost- infrastructure in finding new profitable efficient system for an integrated paper business opportunities.” I det PFI-ledda projektet and bioenergy production. This part of Berit Rødseth, the Project Manager PROFIT samlas forskning, pappers- och PROFIT necessitates cooperation among at Moelven, a major wood company, träindustri samt energiföretag för att a wide spectrum of partners. stresses that every single step in the tillsammans finna en integrerad lösning “Bioenergy” is focusing on technology value chain must be operating at maxi- som både leder till lönsam bioenergipro- for the energy densification of biomass mum efficiency in order to generate duktion och förbättrad papperskvalitet. and for a process integration of paper profitability. Projektet är indelat i tre avdelningar: mills and bioenergy plants. In the short “Moelven has been involved in bioen- Logistics, Bioenergy och Paper. term, the objective is to establish the ergy production in Sweden since the Inom Logistics studeras hur varje steg i de befintliga systemen kan optimeras för potential for a plant producing pellets 1990s. We want to bring our knowledge en effektiv integration av pappers- och with superior energy density. In the long and know-how to the PROFIT project. bioenergiproduktion. Målet för Bioenergy term, the aim is to build a bioenergy Unfortunately, Norway has unpredict- är att skapa potential för produktion av plant for biodiesel. able conditions when it comes to govern- pellets med högre energidensitet. Paper “Paper” is focusing on technology for mental support of bioenergy, compared handlar om optimerad fiberseparering. the separation and handling of fibres in to Sweden, which makes the financial Projektet ägs av Norske Skog men invol- the production of both bioenergy and outcome of PROFIT less easy to pre- verar ett stort antal företag och organi- paper production, in order to ensure dict.” sationer. that each production line receives the c o n t a c t : [email protected] right fibres.

Current awareness from the Innventia Group Beyond #3/2010 | 3 This year’s Seminar was based on the following concepts: Being Pro-active, Return on Investment, Timing and Opportunities. A new idea was tried out on the first day, with short pres- entations on five innovative areas at Innventia. Following each presentation, those attending were given the opportu- nity to discuss and reflect on what they had heard in ‘beehive’ groups. The day Research Seminar ended with a question time and a panel 20–21 September, 2010 discussion with the presenters. The aim of this was to give full rein to the par- The annual Innventia Research Seminar ticipants’ creativity. The second day was for Partner Customers more traditional, with three parallel sessions, in which new exciting results were presented from cluster research and collaborative projects, with a display of posters during the breaks.

c o n t a c t : [email protected]

What ideas are you taking away with you?

Paulo Pavan, Fibria Helena Thunberg, Korsnäs Badri Mahmoud, Stora Enso “I was especially interested in the “I thought it was very interesting to “Above all, I found the presentations business models. I found insight into hear how it’s possible to discover on the first day very motivating. It how I can take up new ideas and ways new ways of working with different was extremely interesting to hear of thinking in my company. It was materials, especially nanocellulose about nanoparticles, the part about rewarding to see different examples of and . Lignin is still enormously colour being affected by temperature how other companies have worked on demanding on resources, but that and the part about the package that those things.” problem will probably be solved. There opens and closes. Even if there’s no was an incredibly large amount of direct application today, think of the information on offer during the seminar, future! You have to start imagining and with very good discussions between all thinking in new ways. It was all most the presentations.” imaginative.”

4 | Beyond #3/2010 Current awareness from the Innventia Group c o m i n g e v e n t s

We welcome our new n o v e m b e r Partner Customer 9 Lic. seminar. Ludovic Gustafsson Coppel: Whiteness and Specialty Minerals (SMI) Fluorescence in Paper – to Innventia. Perception and Optical Modelling 22-24 Packaging Diploma Course, SMI, a subsidiary of session IV Minerals Technologies 24 Foresight workshop Inc, is an international d e c e m b e r 1 Seminar on Women’s working manufacturer of high environment performance minerals. For further information on coming events, see www.innventia.com

New tool for supporting sustainable decisions

EFORWOOD, an EU Project, came to its conclusion earlier this year. A significant product that came from the Project is the ToSIA (Tool for Sustainability Impact Assessment), a tool that will facilitate making well-founded decisions and comparing different alternatives, all from the perspective of sustainability. The tool is built on a number of sustainability indicators that describe the three core areas that deal with financial, environmental and social aspects and how these change with time. ToSIA is used both to describe current performance and analyse implications of future scenarios to show how the different indicators are affected and to attempt to provide answers to questions, such as, “What will happen if ...?”; for example, “What will happen if the demand for changes?” or “What will happen if the use of fibre-based packaging increases?” Now that the Project has concluded, ToSIA and its databases will be maintained and further developed by a network of former Project Partners, such as Innventia, and other future users. This network is called the ToSIA Management and User Group (TMUG).

c o n t a c t : [email protected]

Aiming for efficiency and improved properties As of June 2010, Innventia is coordinating BoostEff, an EU project, to demonstrate the industrial and economical capac- ity of a new method, called Aq-vane, for producing multi-layered paper. This technology will result in a durable paper Badri Mahmoud, Stora Enso Andreas Anzel, Andritz Pulp & with lower production costs and reduced “Above all, I found the presentations Paper raw materials utilisation on the first day very motivating. It “So much new thinking! The primary Using three existing industrial was extremely interesting to hear reason for my coming here was to meet production units belonging to Stora about nanoparticles, the part about everybody, followed by learning more Enso, Holmen Paper and Tarnaise des colour being affected by temperature about what Innventia does and is able Panneaux, the possibilities of the new involving technical specifications and and the part about the package that to do. It has been extremely interesting technique, together with existing tech- economical results. opens and closes. Even if there’s no to hear about lignin and how plastic can niques, are being adapted to demon- “BoostEff signifies a completely new direct application today, think of the be replaced by paper. I think that the strate the potential product and the way of working,” states Daniel Söderberg, future! You have to start imagining and strand running through lignin is quite thinking in new ways. It was all most exciting.” production process involved. The results a Research Manager at Innventia. from the project are going to be used imaginative.” c o n t a c t : [email protected] as a basis for three investment projects

Current awareness from the Innventia Group Beyond #3/2010 | 5 Profile

Siv Lindberg

Among all the technical experts at Innventia, there are certain researchers The human that possess quite a different expertise. Siv Lindberg has a PhD in psychology and is one of the key people in the Human Product Interaction (HPI) research and factor consulting work at Innventia. The main emphasis of this work is how people perceive products and how they interact with them. Siv began her career with a BA at Unseen is unsold! A product must communication. One part of the Project Stockholm University, where she stud- stand out on the shelf in order to dealt with the store as a media channel, ied how people experience community e.g. how we perceive the various types noise, e.g. traffic, planes etc. In 1995, sell itself. Packaging is the largest of in-store media, such as packaging, in- she applied for and gained a postgradu- and sometimes the only advertising store TV, and shelf labels. ate appointment in the Paper Colour channel for a lot of products. But Siv explains, “To obtain answers to (PFT) Programme and, in this how can a package compete with such questions, we record shoppers’ eye way, came in contact with Innventia, other packages for consumer movements, when they are shopping in a then called STFI. Since then she has attention in a store setting? Studies supermarket and ask questions regarding been one of the company’s foremost their choices upon completion of their print quality experts and a scientific in psychology and consumer shopping trip. Eye-tracking data gives expert for matters concerning percep- behaviour provide insight into what a clear picture of what attracts atten- tion psychology. In recent years, this guides consumers and their choices. tion during shopping, how the actual operation has expanded and is now com- choice in front of the shelf is made and plemented with consumer behaviour how much is observed regarding in-store and usability. “Packaging should provide us with the media.” “Thanks to the merger of STFI and information we need to make our choic- On the other hand, eye tracking data Packforsk, we could establish an opera- es,” says Siv Lindberg, a psychologist and cannot tell what a people are thinking tion that encompasses the end user per- researcher at the Innventia HPI (Human when they are facing the shelf and mak- spective across Innventia’s value chains: Product Interaction) Laboratory. ing product choices. That is why the pic- print, packaging and new materials. We According to Siv, there are many ture is complemented with interviews make many different analyses and stud- things involved in choosing a product and analyses of the choices that have ies. But, irrespective of whether you’re in a supermarket such as brand recog- been made. In PaperSense, 112 shoppers studying the whiteness of a paper or nition, package design, the position were interviewed, with eye-tracking the ability to handle a package, it all of the product on the shelf, how many data for approx. 75 of them. These data has one thing in common, namely how ‘facings’ (the number of products of the are now being cross-tabulated with sales people interact with products. This is same kind that are next to each other). data. a field that’s continually developing and Furthermore there are variables outside Siv continues, “At the time for this where you are constantly in unknown the store such as whether it is being investigation, SCA launched a new territory.” shown in a commercial at the time. packaging for Edet Soft kitchen towels, Siv likes to be a part of an area that is “For many packaging manufacturers, which is more environmentally compat- constantly developing and when things e.g. board producers, it is important to ible than the previous one. During the are moving fast.In her spare time she understand how their packaging mate- eye-movement study, we exposed one likes the outdoors as well as just pick up rial behave during the converting proc- group of shoppers for a commercial for a book or watch a movie. ess in order to ensure that the material Edet Soft shown on the in-store TV and is shown to advantage. It’s here we can the other group not. It’s very interesting c o n t a c t : [email protected] support them by providing insight into to see if in-store TV has an impact in consumers’ perceptions of packaging.” choosing a specific product.” Siv is currently writing the final c o n t a c t : [email protected] report of the PaperSense Project, which concerns the role of paper in media and

6 | Beyond #3/2010 Current awareness from the Innventia Group Role of packaging in work , KI B e r n m a k , E va o: environments t ph o

Prior to packaging reaching the store packaging can be improved for more shelf and the consumer, it has gone efficient handling and so we want to through many stages and middlemen. investigate whether we can make man- The facts are that, today, many of ual handling at the foodstuff producers these stages are still being done manu- better by making modifications to the ally. Innventia is presently collaborat- packaging.” The current work with packages for yeast (500g of dry yeast) involves a lot of steps in handling ing with Public Health Sciences at Three different case studies were them, when the secondary packages are to be the Karolinska Institute (KI) and The carried out jointly with Göteborgs Kex, filled. In the study, the corrugated board sup- Centre for Musculoskeletal Research at Jästbolaget and Karamellpojkarna in the plier (SCA) developed a proposal that meant a the University of Gävle in a project Project. The studies were pursued in somewhat altered size to the primary package, mechanical construction and a new shape to which aims at investigating and develop- focus groups that took all the stages in the corrugated board box, which resulted in a ing new solutions that could contribute the operations throughout the entire decrease in the number of operational steps and to improvements in the handling of chain into consideration, from the mate- a reduction in the load on a package of dry yeast. packaging in the food industry, with a rials to the finished goods from the special focus on work environments for factory. The results will be presented be taken if generalizing these three case women. The Project Manager is Birgitta on 1 December at a final seminar at studies but our results indicate that, in Nilsson at Innventia. Innventia, and some new solutions to collaboration with packaging produc- “There is still a great deal of manual packaging will be suggested. ers, it is possible to improve the manual work done in the food industry. This is “Our primary goal was to raise the handling of packages for women in the often carried out by women. Today, the issue of the manual handling of packag- food industry. focus is on packaging that is effective in es, at both the fillers’ and the packaging c o n t a c t : [email protected] stores, while work associated with pack- producers’, with focus on how packaging aging has ended up in the background. materials and packages can be made eas- Our supposition in this Project is that ier to handle. Caution should of course Förpackningen är viktig som kommunikationskanal. Den ska ge kon- sumenten den information som han/hon behöver för att göra sitt val. Tack vare studier i konsumentbeteende kan företa- gen få insikt i vad som styr konsumentens , KI e r n m a k , B E va o: t eller kundens val. ph o I projektet PaperSense, som handlar om papperets roll i media och kom- munikation, har studier med ögonrörel- sekamera i kombination med intervjuer och analyser, genomförts för att ta reda på olika informationskanaler i butiken At Göteborgs Kex, a box of corrugated board was found too pliable and a particular package too uppfattas. I ett annat projekt om kvin- slippery. The box that was slippery caused the people working there not only to drop products but nors arbetsmiljö i livsmedelsindustrin har also to suffer muscular tension due to the fact that they had to try to hold the packages together and tre fallstudier gjorts för att undersöka not drop them when they were being packed. The problem was solved partly because the supplier och utveckla nya förpackningslösningar of the packages (Ekmans) selected a frictional lacquer to put on the primary package and the supplier som kan bidra till en förbättrad manuell of the secondary package (Stora Enso) increased the thickness of its material by one level. (Left) KI hantering i livsmedelsindustrin. measuring the load involved in the work during the existing production and (Right) on prototypes in the simulated production.

Are you a wrinkler or a folder? – tactile investigation at Innventia

In the first half of 2010, Innventia start- nel and visitors, where participants test ed a new Research Cluster in the field kitchen roll paper and toilet paper in a of tissue. The overall aim is to gener- virtual environment. ate an increase in competitiveness for Annika Kihlstedt, a participant in the six participating companies. The the Project, comments, “It’s great that Tissue Cluster has been divided into two we’ve started a new Tissue Cluster and, projects. The first one is “Low energy in addition, that we can involve col- fibres and processes”, while the other leagues and visitors in this evaluation. one is “Tissue structure analysis”. In the The response has been extremely good.” “Tissue structure analysis”, Innventia has c o n t a c t : [email protected] recently carried out an introductory con- sumer investigation among its person-

Current awareness from the Innventia Group Beyond #3/2010 | 7 Have you changed address? Let us know by sending an e-mail to [email protected]. B Good team crucial for climate of innovation Pia Wågberg has just arrived home from a four month stay in Silicon Valley, outside of San Francisco. She participated as one of five fellows in the Vinnova Fellowship Programme. The goal was to gain a deeper understanding of how innovation works in Silicon Valley and to bring View from the bell tower overlooking Professor Yi Cuis’s building for mechanical engineering at Stanford University. back inspiration to Sweden.

“I went there to study the well known ing connections during my stay. Among innovation climate of Silicon Valley to others, Innventia will meet Aerospace see if Innventia (as an innovation part- Corporation from Los Angeles, which ner) can learn from it. I quickly noticed has developed new inkjet printed sen- that entrepreneurship permeates the sors. At Stanford University, we came whole area in a lot of different ways. in contact with an interesting professor, Everyone is trying to establish interdis- who uses paper as a basis in his research ciplinary networks with a lot of action into batteries. Our expertise in fibre and less structured processes.However, materials has led to KTH sending a asSilicon Valley is suffering from “inno- diploma worker to him as a start of a vation tourism”, meaning that a lot of collaboration that will be of interest for people from all over the world come to Innventia as well. Finally I have to say Silicon Valley to visit and learn from the An almost daily occurrence for entrepreneurs, that the fellowship reallyhas given me a most innovative companies. You there- who make a pitch to investors at Plug&Play, the deeper insight into what innovation is all fore have to have a value proposition company where Pia had an office. This is one about and I hope to be able to use this in or a good contact to get admitted,” Pia of many significant opportunities for establishing a beneficial way for Innventia.” explains. new contacts. c o n t a c t : [email protected] “On the other hand, everybody is open and curious. There are lots of Pia visited many universities, insti- opportunities for meeting new people. tutes and companies during her stay. She Pia Wågberg har genom Open seminars and events are organized organized two different study trips for Vinnovas Fellowshipprogram spenderat every day at most companies and insti- colleagues from Innventia and The Royal fyra månader i Silicon Valley för att få en tutes and anyone can attend them either Institute of Technology (KTH), one con- djupare kunskap om hur innovationsarbe- for free or for a smaller fee.” centrating on innovation processes, as a tet fungerar där. En del av uppgifterna var Pia thinks that other explanations part of the Fellowship Programme. The att lära sig mer om hur institut och före- as to why the climate of innovation is other trip was much smaller and had a tag samarbetar och hur de arbetar med so distinct in Silicon Valley depend on more technical focus. patent och licensiering. Pia besökte många there being a lot of money available Pia adds, “I’m convinced that the trip universitet, institut och företag och fann en for starting up new companies. People will contribute to valuable ideas and utbredd strävan att skapa tvärvetenskapliga delight in other people’s success, while, insights to Innventia and its customers.” nätverk. Hon organiserade även två olika at the same time, it is acceptable to “I have learned a lot about Intellectual studieresor för kollegor från Innventia och KTH, den ena med inriktning mot innova- compete and not always be a winner. Property Rights (IPR) and licensing tionsprocesser, den andra mot att se nya Everybody knows that having a good and obtained tangible suggestions for tekniska möjligheter. team is crucial. Innventia. I have made many interest-

Beyond is published by INNVENTIA AB | Legally responsible for the publication: Gunnar Svedberg ([email protected]) Editor: Marianne Lockner ([email protected]) | ISSN: 1652-6503 | Print: SIB-Tryck, Norsborg

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