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Index

A Matrimonial Creed, 96 Barber, Mary, 48, 77, 95, 111 Addison, Joseph, 68, 148, 149 Barchas, Janine, 162, 163 Aesop’s Fables, 160, 173 Barker, Jane, 104 aims of public art, 58 Behn, Aphra, 76, 103 Allen, Ralph, 15, 127 biographical writing, 56, 78 Amory, Thomas blank verse, 154 Memoirs of Several Ladies of Great Britain, 111 Boileau-Despréaux, Nicolas, 32 An Historical and Geographical Description of The Work of Mons Boileau Despreaux, 32 Formosa, 46 Bolingbroke, Lord, 147 Ancients and Moderns, 148 Boswell, James, 135, 174 anonymous readership, 1 An Account of Corsica, 174 Anson, Lady Elizabeth, 111, 112 The Life of Samuel Johnson, 174 Anti-Jacobin Review, 157 Bradshaigh, Lady, 1, 10, 15, 17, 19, 37, 75, 80, 81, anti-satirical, 136 86, 87, 93, 95, 100, 104, 106, 111, 117–18, 120, Antoine de Luc, Guillaume, 100, 136 121, 124, 138, 143, 151, 159, 161, 162, 173, 187–8 Apprentice’s Vade Mecum The, 129 continuation of The History of Sir Charles familiar style, friendship and public virtue Grandison, 119–20 in, 21–4 index of her correspondence with archiving the self, 159 Richardson, 173 Astell, Mary, 89, 103 view of women’s learning, 101 Aubin, Penelope Bree, Linda, 121 A Collection of Entertaining Histories and Brereton, Jane, 103 Novels, 95 Brewer, David A., 60, 113 Austen, Jane Bunyan, John, 49, 50 Letters, 192 Burke, Edmund relationship to the work of Samuel A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Richardson, 191–2 Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful, 32 Sanditon, 87 Bysshe, Edward author’s public and private selves, 193 Art of Poetry, 162 authorial identity, 2, 3, 16, 194 authorial manliness, 17, 151 Campbell, Archibald, 46 autobiography, 87 Carroll, John, 12 edition of Richardson’s letters, 190–1 Backscheider, Paula R., 28, 94, 103 Carter, Elizabeth, 81, 95, 97, 99, 104, 111, 112, 115, Bacon, Francis, 149 140, 184 Ballard, George, 101 Caryll, John, 5 Memoirs of British Ladies, 111 Cavendish, Margaret, 103 Balzac, Jean-Louis Guez de, 3, 6, 50 Centlivre, Susanna, 95 Barbauld, Anna Laetitia, 55, 60, 66, 80, 83, 89, 97, Chamberlin, Mason, 151 157, 158, 178, 193 Chapman, R.W., 192 edition of Richardson’s letters, 76, 189–90, 191 Chapone, Hester Mulso, 97, 104

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262 Index

Chapone, Sarah, 15, 43, 96, 111 Croker, John Wilson, 157 Posthumous Works of Mrs Chapone, 97 Croxall, Samuel, 24 Remarks on Mrs. Muilman’s Letter to the Right Curll, Edmund, 11 Honourable the Earl of Chesterfield, 96 Life of Gay, 7 Chauncy, Charles, 116, 177 Mr. Pope’s Literary Correspondence, 7 Chesterfield, Lord, 174 Cheyne, George, 15, 30, 34, 50, 126 d’Epinay, Louise, 100 An Essay of Health and Long Life, 131 Dacier, Madame Anne, 100 The English Malady, 131 de Freval, Jean Baptiste, 30, 31 Christian ethics, 153 de Luc, 100, 172–3, 231 Christian faith, 50 Defoe, Daniel, 9, 24, 25, 33 Christian godliness, 125 The Complete English Tradesman, 24 Chudleigh, Elizabeth, 74 Delany, Mary, 15, 71, 95, 102–3, 111, 124, 135, 171 Cibber, Colley, 15, 70, 74, 138, 146 Delany, Patrick, 15, 43 Cibber, Theophilus Dennis, John, 32, 68 The Lives of the Poets of Great Britain and Dewes, Anne, 15, 71, 95 Ireland, 144 Dilke, Charles Wentworth, 157 Cicero, 2, 6, 46, 53, 130, 148 distinction between private and public De Natura Deorum, 47 exchange, 112, 186 circulation of private correspondence in public Ditcher, Philip, 187 life, 175 Dodsley, James, 114 Clarendon, Edward Hyde Earl of Donnellan, Anne, 15, 111, 170 History of the Rebellion, 142 Doody, Margaret, 142 Clarissa, 2, 8, 10, 15, 17, 20, 36, 44, 68, 69, 77, 79, Draper, Elizabeth, 13–14 83, 84, 85, 89, 90–2, 93, 96, 97, 99, 102, 108, Dryden, John, 5 109, 110, 115, 122, 135, 136–8, 144, 146, 160, ‘A Discourse Concerning the Original and 162, 163, 164, 165, 167, 171, 176, 182, 188 Progress of Satire’, 32 character in, 52–3, 58 the sublime, 32 discussion of the novel in Richardson- Duck, Stephen, 15 Bradshaigh correspondence, 54–5, 56–9 Duncombe, John, 146 epistolary form, 69 The Feminiad, 111 fictional responses to, 113 Dussinger, John, 37, 112 figure of the ‘undesigning’ correspondent, 9 Lady Bradshaigh’s responses to, 68 Eagleton, Terry, 218 nature of publicity, 182 Echlin, Lady, 15, 66, 68, 73, 78, 86, 113, 118, public art and private happiness, 58–9 159, 164 Clery, Emma, 125, 138 Eclectic Review, 158, 189 co-authorship between the sexes, 120–2 Edinburgh Review, 158, 190 Cobb, Samuel, 32 Edwards, Thomas, 15, 72, 82, 92, 115, 136, 138–9, Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 135, 154 143, 144, 145, 151, 159, 160, 161 Collection of Moral and Instructive The Canons of Criticism, 168, 169 Sentiments A, 160 The Trial of the Letter Y, 168 Collier, Jane, 15, 107 Elstob, Elizabeth, 101 The Cry, 72, 121–2 Elwin, Whitwell, 157 Colman, George and Bonnell Thornton epistolary fame, 5, 147, 171, 193 Poems by Eminent Ladies, 111 epistolary history, 52, 157 commercial market, 36 epistolary novel, 8, 14, 140 Conway, Alison, 66 epistolary style, 6 Cooper, Elizabeth, 95 Erasmus, 2 Courthope, William John, 157 Erskine-Hill, Howard, 3 Cowley, Abraham, 153 ethics of reading and writing letters, 83 Cradock, Charlotte, 76 Ezell, Margaret, 6, 93, 181 Critical Remarks on Sir Charles Grandison, Clarissa, and Pamela, 120 Familiar Letters, 25 Critical Review, 157, 189 female penmanship, 1

Index 263

Ferrar, Martha, 92, 98 A Collection of Letters, Never before Fielding, Henry, 10–11, 76, 120–1, 128, 134 Printed, 175 A Journey from this World to the Next, which defence of Pamela’s simplicity, 37 was included in his Miscellanies, 120 nature of sublime writing, 31 Amelia, 76 Pamela and sublime writing, 32–3 Joseph Andrews, 11, 120 The Works of Aaron Hill, 175 The Adventures of David Simple, 120 Hill, Gilbert, 164 Tom Jones, 11, 127, 138 Hill, Urania, 98 Fielding, Sarah, 15, 107, 120–1 Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 112 Remarks on Clarissa, 97, 107 Histories of Some of the Penitents in The Magdalen- The Cry, 72, 121 House, 98 Fleetwood, William Homer, 154 The Relative Duties of Parents and Children, Illiad, 146 Husbands and Wives, Masters and humanist tradition, 3, 4 Servants, 28 Forster Collection, 164 Imperial Review, 129 Fowke, Martha, 103 French epistolary art, 6 Jeffrey, Francis, 2, 158, 189, 190 French romance tradition, 50, 99 Johnson, Samuel, 2, 15, 90, 92, 93, 99, 104, 121, 160, 162, 164, 170, 174, 184 Gardiner, Ellen, 218 Dictionary, 91 Garrick, David, 74 ‘Life of Pope’, 3 Gellert, Christian, 178 Rambler, 112 Gentleman’s Magazine, 174 Johnson, Urania, 15 Gerrard, Christine, 21, 32, 37, 133, 164, 175 Jones, Emrys, 23, 25 Grainger, Frances, 71, 82, 90, 105, 161, 164 Jones, Mary, 103 Graves, Richard, 127 Jones, Wendy L., 4 Gregg, Stephen, 125 Juvenal, 32 Grey, Lady, 111, 112 Griffin, Dustin, 97, 154 Kauffman, Linda, 54 Guardian, The, 138 Kelly, John, 35 Guest, Harriet, 93 Pamela’s Conduct in High Life, 34–5 Gunning, Maria and Elizabeth, 89 Keymer, Thomas, 14, 16, 33, 56, 68, 69, 81, 96, Guthrie, William, 53 106, 113, 137, 186, 187

Hall, John, 32 Lambert, Marquis de, 100 Halsband, Robert, 190 Latimer, Bonnie, 114 Hardwicke Act, 96 Latter, Mary, 103 Hardwicke, Lord, 7–8 Leake, James, 73 Harlowe, Clarissa, 103 Leapor, Mary, 97, 112 Harris, James, 107, 121 Lefevre, John, 77 Harris, Jocelyn, 115, 191 legitimisation of the novel genre, 160 Harvey, Gabriel, 2 Lennox, Charlotte, 97, 104 Haytley, Edward, 64, 66 The Female Quixote, 121 Haywood, Eliza, 95 L’Estrange, Roger, 24 Anti-Pamela, 96 letters Heberden, William, 170 and anonymity, 60 Henderson, Judith Rice, 2 as literary property, 7 Herring, Thomas, 170, 171 copyright, 3, 7–8 Hervey, James, 145 dichotomy between public and private, 8 Highmore, Joseph, 55, 61, 64, 65, 66, 70 literary genealogy, 6 Highmore, Susanna, 15, 74, 75, 81, 92, 98, 110, 111, Letters between the Honourable Andrew Erskine 112, 116, 125, 164 and James Boswell, 12 Hill, Aaron, 15, 21, 22, 30, 31, 37, 39, 42–3, 44, 48, Letters of Pope and Swift, 4 71, 151, 160, 161, 164, 174, 175 The Letters of Samuel Beckett, 193

264 Index

Letters on Filial Obedience, 96 Onslow, George, 170 Letters Written To and For Particular Friends, Orrery, Lord 21, 25–8 Remarks On The Life and Writings of literary marketplace, 1, 2, 30, 135 Dr. Jonathan Swift, 51–2, 53 guides to letter-writing, 13 Osborn, John, 30 marketplace for letters, 12–13, 16 Ovid, 57 Lobb, Samuel, 126, 129, 130 Ozell, John, 32 Loggan, Thomas, 74 Longinus, 32 Paice, Joseph, 170 Love, Harold, 93 Pamela, 2, 8, 12, 15, 17, 21, 24, 25, 28, 30, 75, 77, 78, Lowe, Solomon, 15, 162 83, 93, 99, 113, 115, 132, 160, 162, 165, 174, 175 familiarity and virtue in the style of Pamela’s Mandeville, Bernard correspondence, 29–30, 31–41 The Fable of the Bees, 137 responses to, 41–9 Manley, Delarivier, 95 style, 19–21, 31 Mary Barber use of sublime, 31–3 Poems on Several Occasions, 31 Pamela in Her Exalted Condition, 126, 194 masculine authorship, 125, 134 Parker, Samuel masculine virtue, 142 Tully’s Two Essays of Old-Age And Of Mason, Nathaniel, 170 Friendship, 148 Masters, Mary, 103, 104 Pearson, Jacqueline, 89 McCarthy, William, 55 Pennington, Elizabeth, 98, 104 McKeon, Michael, 125 Pennyman, Margaret, 103 McKillop, Alan Dugald, 81 Perry, Ruth, 89, 122 Meades, Anna, 98 Petrarch, 2 A history of Sir William Harrington, 98 Philips, Katherine, 103 Memoirs of British Ladies, 101 Phillips, Adam, 36 Michie, Allen, 122 Phillips, Constantia, 96 Millar, Andrew, 114 Phillips, Richard, 189 Milton, John, 2, 165 Pilkington, Laetitia, 15, 96, 112 An Apology ...against Smectymnuus, 138 Plain Dealer, The, 22 Epistolae Familiares, 3 plain style, 24, 43 Paradise Lost, 133, 154 Plato, 46 Reason of Church Government, 153 Pliny the Younger, 2, 6, 130 Samson Agonistes, 169 poetic justice, 56 Miltonic style, 37, 39 Pointon, Marcia, 55 Montagu, Lady Barbara, 15, 98, 114 Pope, Alexander, 3, 11, 12, 14, 43, 49–50, 103, Montagu, Lady Mary Wortley, 51, 103 128, 145, 146, 158, 175 Moore, Edward, 15 and Curll, Edmund, 4–7 Morell, Thomas, 92 authorial persona, 8, 127 Morris, David B., 37 correspondence with Henry Cromwell, 4–6 Mulso, Hester, 15, 90, 92, 95, 98, 109, 110, 111, 112, Dunciad, The, 49, 132–3, 135 117, 124, 161, 164, 170, 171 ‘Epistle to a Lady’, 92 letters with Samuel Richardson, 96–7 Epistle to Arbuthnot, 150 multi-authored sequel, 122 Key to the Lock, 161 letters, 11, 158, 174 Nace, Nicholas, 98 Peri Bathos, 148 Negotiations of Sir Thomas Roe, The, 160 Pope vs Curll, 3, 7 Newton, Isaac, 149 portrait of, 154 Newton, Thomas, 169 posthumous reputation, 134 publication of his letters, 3–7, 53 O’Brien, Karen, 103, 137, 146 response to Pamela, 34 old age, 148 Works, 4, 7, 157 Onslow, Anne, 111 Portland, the Duchess of, 111, 112, 124 Onslow, Arthur, 74, 136, 151, 170 posthumous reputation, 3

Index 265

privacy and publicity, 170 epistolary networks with men, 154 private friendship, 25 epistolary style, 11, 17 Psalmanazar, George, 45 familiar style, 19–25 public contempt for women’s writing, 120 friendship, 30 public face of authorship, 188 friendship with Lady Bradshaigh Pulteney, John his letters in print, 157–9 A Treatise of the Loftiness or Elegancy of indexing his correspondence with Thomas Speech, 32 Edwards, 165–73 influence of female épistolières, 100 Quarles, Francis, 49, 50 interest in epistolary exchange with Divine Fancies, 39 women, 116 intermixing of letters and public writing in his Rapin, René, 112 fiction, 114–16 Rawson, Claude, 10, 191–2 interplay of privacy and publicity, 11 Reed, Joseph W., 187 interventions in the work of Edward Reich, Erasmus, 159, 178–9, 182, 184 Young, 149–51 religious sublime, 37 literary influence of John Milton, 151–4 Retford, Kate, 67 literary legacy, 176 Ribera, Jose, 58 literary legacy of Alexander Pope, 143–5 Richardsaon, Martha, 81 literary legacy of Jonathan Swift, 145 Richardson, Anne, 81 marriage settlement of Mary Richardson, Richardson, Jonathan, 154 187–8 Richardson, Mary, 187 models of male authorship, 143–56 Richardson, Samuel portrait of, 151 ‘The History of Mrs Beaumont’, 17, 55, private and public in the letters of, 16 80–8 production of authorial character, 88 Aesop’s Fables, 24 public circulation of correspondence with and his letters with women, 10 Lady Bradshaigh, 70–4, 77 and the language of portraiture, 55 relationship between personal letters and and the model of a Christian hero, 143 fictional writing, 77–80 authorial persona, 18 relationship with Lady Bradshaigh, 87 autobiography, 82–3 Richardson ‘school’, 136 biography and fiction in the writings of, 76–7 self-portraits in the letters of, 74–6 chronology of extant correspondence, 12 social ascent, 30 circulation and publication of his style and moral improvement, 49–50 correspondence with Lady Bradshaigh, use of letters, 154 176–86 views on women’s learning, 101–3 correspondence and posthumous reputations, views on women’s writing, 116–22 175, 189–95 writing as ‘undesigned’, 9–10 correspondence network, 182 writing ‘to the moment’, 8–9 correspondence with Aaron Hill, 132–4 Richardson, Thomas Verren, 22 correspondence with Eusebius Riding, Jacqueline, 65 Silvester, 186–7 Righton, Sarah, 113 correspondence with Frances rise of the novel, 2, 114, 154 Grainger, 109–13 Rivero, Albert J., 29, 44 correspondence with George Cheyne, 132 Rochester, John Wilmot Earl of, 103 correspondence with Lady role of the good man, 153 Bradshaigh, 51–71, 77, 78, 82–3, 88 Rowe, Elizabeth, 28, 95 correspondence with men, 124–39, 153 Friendship in Death in Twenty Letters correspondence with Sarah Wescomb, 105–7 from the Death to the Living: To which correspondence with William Lobb, 129–31 are added Letters Moral and correspondence with women writers, 89–99 Entertaining, 28 criticism of Pope’s Dunciad, 49–50, 132 Miscellaneous Works in Prose and Verse, 28 editing and indexing his own Rowe, Elizabeth Singer, 103, 104 work, 160–5 Royal Society, 25

266 Index

Sabor, Peter, 191 Swift, Jonathan, 4, 5, 14, 50, Schellenberg, Betty, 37, 125 103, 128 Schürer, Norbert, 121 criticism of, 149 Scott, Sarah, 15, 98 Gulliver’s Travels, 135, 145 Scott, Walter, 113 On Poetry, 148 scriblerian tradition, 4, 11, 124, 161 Scudamore, Sarah, 185, See Wescomb, Tadmor, Naomi, 23 Sarah Talbot, Catherine, 15, 71, 95, Secker, Thomas, 95, 184 111, 184 self-portraiture, 17 Taylor, Derek, 89, 102 Seneca, 3 Thomas, Elizabeth, 5–6, 103 Select epistles on several moral Thrale, Hester, 93 subjects, 130 Thurlow, Lord, 174 Shaftesbury, Lord, 69, 137 Todd, Janet, 76 Shakespeare, William, 133, 149, 165 Toland, John Shepherd, Lynn, 66, 67, 140 ‘Life of Milton’, 153 Sherburn,George, 157 Trickett, Rachel, 191 Sheridan, Frances, 104 The Memoirs of Miss Sidney Upton, John, 169 Bidulph, 98 Shiels, Robert, 144 Vane, Lady, 96 Shuttleton, David E., 131 virtue, 125, 154 Silvester, Eusebius, 16, 161 Voiture, Vincent, 3, 6, 50 Sir Charles Grandison, The History of, 1, 2, 8, 12, 15, 17, 20, 37, 44, 52, 68, 69, 75, 79, Wakely, Alice, 69, 163 80, 81, 82, 84, 85, 89, 93, 99, 110, 115, 122, Warburton, William, 15, 34, 49, 144, 157, 123, 145, 153, 156, 159, 160, 162, 163, 167, 158, 165, 170, 171, 175 175, 176, 178, 186 Warton, Joseph composition of, 125 An Essay on the Genius and Writings of continuation of, 116–20, 121 Pope, 144 development of, 138 Watkins, Annie, 87 French women as epistolary Watt, Ian, 2 examples, 100–1 Watts, Mary, 77, 78, 79, 117 moral goodness and the character of Sir Webster, William, 30, 33 Charles Grandison, 139–43 Weekly Miscellany, 24 Smith, Adam Welsted, Leonard, 32 The Theory of Moral Sentiments, 142 Wescomb, Sarah, 10, 15, 71, 72, 74, 75, 86, Sowden, Rev. Benjamin, 103 89, 90, 91, 108, 109, 110, 111, 113, 115, 116, Spectator The, 5, 148 121, 164 Spence, Joseph, 136 Wesley, Mehetabel, 98, 112 Spenser, Edmund, 2, 165 Whiston, William, 74 Sprat, Thomas, 25 Whitehall Evening Post, 56, 81 sprezzatura, 4 Whitley, David, 24 Statute of Anne, 3 Whyman, Susan E., 78, Staves, Susan, 114 95, 104 Steele, Richard, 5, 68 Williams, Anna, 92 The Christian Hero, 142 Verses Addressed To Mr. Richardson Sterne, Laurence, 13–14, 113, 192 On His History of Sir Charles Letters from Yorick to Eliza, 13 Grandison, 142 Tristram Shandy, 13 Williams, Katherine, 96 Stinstra, Johannes, 16, 76, 94, women as letter writers, 99 95, 128 women’s emerging literary Strahan, William, 145, 147 professionalism, 54 Sublime, the, 31 women’s epistolary education, 112 Sutton, Isabella, 171 Wotton, William

Index 267

Reﬂections upon Ancient and Modern Conjectures on Original Composition, 128, Learning, 129 151, 154 Wycherley, William, 7 The Centaur Not Fabulous, 128, 147, 150, 158

Young, Edward, 15, 51, 124, 127, 135–6, 140, Zach, Wolfgang, 95 144, 156 Zirker, Malvin R., 14