Quiz Review
Biochemistry- The study of the substances found in living organisms, and of the chemical reactions underlying life processes.
Biomolecule- “Life” molecules. That are organic. These are necessary for carrying out life’s functions.
Carbohydrate- The basic “fuel” molecule of the cell. Important for providing energy to all living things. Also used by plants to form cell wall and to provide structure.
Structure: Composed of Carbon
Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Starch, Glycogen
Monomers: simple sugars such as fructose and glucose
Lipid- Fatty substances used to store energy and to provide insulation. These substances do not dissolve well in water.
Structure: Glycerol with long chains of hydrocarbons
Examples: Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids
Protein- large molecules that are built by 20 different amino acids. Important for providing structure to tissues and organs and carrying out cell metabolism.
Structure: Built by long chains of amino acids, make complicated structures. All proteins contain nitrogen.
Examples: Enzymes
Monomer: amino acids
Nucleic Acid: Large molecules that are responsible for storing and transferring genetic information.
Examples: RNA and DNA
Monomer: Nucleotide
Dehydration Reaction- A type of chemical reaction that forms a polymer by removing water.
Notes: Begins as 2 separate glucose molecules, water leaves (think dehydration), polymer forms
Hydrolysis Reaction- A type of chemical reaction that is used to break down polymers by splitting water.
Notes: Begins as a polymer, Enzyme (lactase in this example) splits polymer and water, OH and H join broken polymer making 2 new molecules Galactose and Glucose
Enzyme- A protein known as the worker molecule of the cell. They serve as promoter, or catalyst, of chemical reactions.
Monomer- “1 part” a molecule that binds with others to form larger polymers
Amino acids are monomers from proteins. Glucose and Fructose are monomers for carbohydrates
Polymer- “many parts” many monomers chemically bonded.
Notes for pic: Above is a polypeptide or protein built by 7 different types of amino acids. This is a good example of a polymer.