Quiz Review Biochemistry- The study of the substances found in living organisms, and of the chemical reactions underlying life processes. Biomolecule- “Life” molecules. That are organic. These are necessary for carrying out life’s functions. Carbohydrate- The basic “fuel” molecule of the cell. Important for providing energy to all living things. Also used by plants to form cell wall and to provide structure. Structure: Composed of Carbon Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose, Starch, Glycogen Monomers: simple sugars such as fructose and glucose Lipid- Fatty substances used to store energy and to provide insulation. These substances do not dissolve well in water. Structure: Glycerol with long chains of hydrocarbons Examples: Fats, oils, waxes, and steroids Protein- large molecules that are built by 20 different amino acids. Important for providing structure to tissues and organs and carrying out cell metabolism. Structure: Built by long chains of amino acids, make complicated structures. All proteins contain nitrogen. Examples: Enzymes Monomer: amino acids Nucleic Acid: Large molecules that are responsible for storing and transferring genetic information. Examples: RNA and DNA Monomer: Nucleotide Dehydration Reaction- A type of chemical reaction that forms a polymer by removing water. Notes: Begins as 2 separate glucose molecules, water leaves (think dehydration), polymer forms Hydrolysis Reaction- A type of chemical reaction that is used to break down polymers by splitting water. Notes: Begins as a polymer, Enzyme (lactase in this example) splits polymer and water, OH and H join broken polymer making 2 new molecules Galactose and Glucose Enzyme- A protein known as the worker molecule of the cell. They serve as promoter, or catalyst, of chemical reactions. Monomer- “1 part” a molecule that binds with others to form larger polymers Amino acids are monomers from proteins. Glucose and Fructose are monomers for carbohydrates Polymer- “many parts” many monomers chemically bonded. Notes for pic: Above is a polypeptide or protein built by 7 different types of amino acids. This is a good example of a polymer. .