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It's a (Two-)Culture Thing: the Laterial Shift to Liberation
Animal Issues, Vol 4, No. 1, 2000 It's a (Two-)Culture Thing: The Lateral Shift to Liberation Barry Kew rom an acute and, some will argue, a harsh, a harsh, fantastic or even tactically naive F naive perspective, this article examines examines animal liberation, vegetarianism vegetarianism and veganism in relation to a bloodless culture ideal. It suggests that the movement's repeated anomalies, denial of heritage, privileging of vegetarianism, and other concessions to bloody culture, restrict rather than liberate the full subversionary and revelatory potential of liberationist discourse, and with representation and strategy implications. ‘Only the profoundest cultural needs … initially caused adult man [sic] to continue to drink cow milk through life’.1 In The Social Construction of Nature, Klaus Eder develops a useful concept of two cultures - the bloody and the bloodless. He understands the ambivalence of modernity and the relationship to nature as resulting from the perpetuation of a precarious equilibrium between the ‘bloodless’ tradition from within Judaism and the ‘bloody’ tradition of ancient Greece. In Genesis, killing entered the world after the fall from grace and initiated a complex and hierarchically-patterned system of food taboos regulating distance between nature and culture. But, for Eder, it is in Israel that the reverse process also begins, in the taboo on killing. This ‘civilizing’ process replaces the prevalent ancient world practice of 1 Calvin. W. Schwabe, ‘Animals in the Ancient World’ in Aubrey Manning and James Serpell, (eds), Animals and Human Society: Changing Perspectives (Routledge, London, 1994), p.54. 1 Animal Issues, Vol 4, No. 1, 2000 human sacrifice by animal sacrifice, this by sacrifices of the field, and these by money paid to the sacrificial priests.2 Modern society retains only a very broken connection to the Jewish tradition of the bloodless sacrifice. -
Pierre Gassendi's Animals
[Intellectual History Archive 3, 2018] Begley, Pierre Gassendi’s Animals PIERRE GASSENDI’S ANIMALS: A CASE OF EXCLUSION Justin Begley1 University of Helsinki I. Introduction: A Learned Vegetarian The French priest, professor of mathematics, historian, and philosopher, Pierre Gassendi, was perhaps the most influential and well-respected thinkers of his day. 2 While the linguistic and conceptual complexity of his Latin tomes excluded him from the philosophical canon that was formed during the late eighteenth, historians are now beginning to appreciate just how central his ideas were to the development of early modern intellectual life. But recent studies of Gassendi have consistently bypassed a major component of his thought: his defense of a vegetarian diet.3 Conversely, because it is no small task to identify and translate the relevant passages from Gassendi’s oeuvre, historical surveys of vegetarianism have mostly neglected his arguments. Indeed, in the history of vegetarianism, emphasis has been placed on religious sectarians or intellectual outsiders such as Thomas Bushnell and Roger Crab, while figures such as Gassendi who were, historically speaking, intellectual insiders have paradoxically been neglected. 4 Proponents of vegetarianism have thus been shaped teleologically as progressive or even “radical” thinkers. But Gassendi remained thoroughly embedded in the institutions of his day, and channeled the full gamut of humanist apparatuses in his endeavor to integrate the philosophy of the ancient Greek atomist, Epicurus, into the university curriculum. For this purpose, he sought to cleanse Epicurean philosophy of its popular associations with excess, atheism, and debauchery 1 [email protected] 2 Meric Casaubon, Generall Learning: A Seventeenth-Century Treatise on the Formation of the General Scholar, ed. -
A Diet for a Sensitive Soul: Vegetarianism in Eighteenth-Century Britain
A Diet for a Sensitive Soul: Vegetarianism in Eighteenth-Century Britain Anita Guerrini While vegetarianism has a long history in Western culture, it reemerged forcefully in late seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Britain. Three main motivations for vegetarianism converged in this period: religious, medical, and moral. In addition, a vegetarian diet entered mainstream medical and popular thought in the works of the physician George Cheyne. By the time of Joseph Ritson's Essay on Abstinence from Animal Food in 1802, however, vegetarianism was about to rejoin the irrational fringe, exemplified in the nineteenth century by Sylvester Graham and his followers. 1 In this essay, I shall focus on three vegetarians of the period: the radical hatter Thomas Tryon (1634-1703), George Cheyne (1671-1743), and the man of letters Joseph Ritson (1752-1803). Cheyne's work, especially his Essay of Health and Long Life (1724) and The English Malady (1733), defined the nascent concept of the sensitive character and explicitly connected it to diet and lifestyle. To Cheyne, a vegetarian diet was preeminently a diet for the sensitive soul. Over the century, the sensitive soul negotiated a path from the overtly religious Tryon to the covertly religious Cheyne to the professedly antireligious Ritson. To each, in addition, vegetarianism was part of a wider critique of contemporary society. Tryon was one of a number of religiously motivated vegetarians in the period following the English Civil War. 2 The context of his ideas can be delineated by examining an earlier -
Tristram Stuart
A note from the author: Below are two word separate extracts. The first is from The Bloodless Revolution: A Cultural History of Vegetarianism from 1600 to Modern Times; the second is an extract from Waste: Uncovering the Global Food Scandal. I have preceded the first with a quote from Zizek, chosen to provoke some thoughts about what I am up to in both very different works. Tristram Stuart "To demand consistency at strategically selected points where the system cannot afford to be consistent is to put pressure on the entire system. The art of politics lies in making particular demands which, while thoroughly realistic, strike at the core of hegemonic ideology and imply a much more radical change. ... A political movement begins with an idea, something to strive for... Once people get deeply engaged in it, they become aware that much more than meeting their initial demand would be needed to bring about true justice." Slavoj Žižek, LRB, 18 July 2013 [Extract of ch. 27 ‘The Malthusian Tragedy: Feeding the World’, The Bloodless Revolution: A Cultural History of Vegetarianism from 1600 to Modern Times, Norton 2007] … Mushrooming populations were threatening to outstrip food-production. Britain had doubled in the eighteenth-century from about five million to nearly ten million people. When food shortages struck in Europe during the 1790s and 1800s, concern became all the more intense. Was misery and starvation the future of humanity? In the quest to resolve this crisis, improving land-use efficiency became a national obsession. Robert Southey’s critique of vegetarianism was again undoubtedly instrumental in providing a focus for Lambe, Newton and Shelley: ‘The principle of abstaining from animal food is not in itself either culpable or ridiculous, if decently discussed’, Southey conceded, ‘But ultimately it resolves itself into the political question, Whether the greater population can be maintained upon animal or vegetable diet?’ Large populations were regarded as desirable in themselves. -
Journal List Emerging Sources Citation Index (Web of Science) 2020
JOURNAL TITLE ISSN eISSN PUBSLISHER NAME PUBLISHER ADDRESS 3C EMPRESA 2254‐3376 2254‐3376 AREA INNOVACION & DESARROLLO C/ELS ALZAMORA NO 17, ALCOY, ALICANTE, SPAIN, 03802 3C TECNOLOGIA 2254‐4143 2254‐4143 3CIENCIAS C/ SANTA ROSA 15, ALCOY, SPAIN, 03802 3C TIC 2254‐6529 2254‐6529 AREA INNOVACION & DESARROLLO C/ELS ALZAMORA NO 17, ALCOY, ALICANTE, SPAIN, 03802 3D RESEARCH 2092‐6731 2092‐6731 SPRINGER HEIDELBERG TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, HEIDELBERG, GERMANY, D‐69121 3L‐LANGUAGE LINGUISTICS LITERATURE‐THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN JOURNAL OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE STUDIES 0128‐5157 2550‐2247 PENERBIT UNIV KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA PENERBIT UNIV KEBANGSAAN MALAYSIA, FAC ECONOMICS & MANAGEMENT, BANGI, MALAYSIA, SELANGOR, 43600 452 F‐REVISTA DE TEORIA DE LA LITERATURA Y LITERATURA COMPARADA 2013‐3294 UNIV BARCELONA, FACULTAD FILOLOGIA GRAN VIA DE LES CORTS CATALANES, 585, BARCELONA, SPAIN, 08007 AACA DIGITAL 1988‐5180 1988‐5180 ASOC ARAGONESA CRITICOS ARTE ASOC ARAGONESA CRITICOS ARTE, HUESCA, SPAIN, 00000 AACN ADVANCED CRITICAL CARE 1559‐7768 1559‐7776 AMER ASSOC CRITICAL CARE NURSES 101 COLUMBIA, ALISO VIEJO, USA, CA, 92656 A & A PRACTICE 2325‐7237 2325‐7237 LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS TWO COMMERCE SQ, 2001 MARKET ST, PHILADELPHIA, USA, PA, 19103 ABAKOS 2316‐9451 2316‐9451 PONTIFICIA UNIV CATOLICA MINAS GERAIS DEPT CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS, AV DOM JOSE GASPAR 500, CORACAO EUCARISTICO, CEP: 30.535‐610, BELO HORIZONTE, BRAZIL, MG, 00000 ABANICO VETERINARIO 2007‐4204 2007‐4204 SERGIO MARTINEZ GONZALEZ TEZONTLE 171 PEDREGAL SAN JUAN, TEPIC NAYARIT, MEXICO, C P 63164 ABCD‐ARQUIVOS -
« Tirer L'homme De La Classe Des Animaux Carnassiers. » : Rousseau
Document généré le 27 sept. 2021 16:39 Sens public « Tirer l’homme de la classe des animaux carnassiers. » Rousseau et les preuves scientifiques de notre nature végétarienne Renan Larue Écrire les communs. Au-devant de l’irréversible Résumé de l'article 2019 Dès l’époque du Discours sur l’origine de l’inégalité, Jean-Jacques Rousseau accorde une place importante à ce qu’il juge être le régime naturel de l’espèce URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/1067463ar humaine, en l’occurrence le frugivorisme. Cet intérêt, à peine relevé par la DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/1067463ar critique, s’explique aisément par la nécessité que perçoit Rousseau de chercher dans le corps même des hommes des preuves de leur bonté naturelle. Pour que Aller au sommaire du numéro l’homme soit bon naturellement, il faut en effet qu’il ait des tendances végétariennes et un système digestif comparable à celui des paisibles animaux frugivores. Sans cela, nous serions des carnivores, nous serions nécessairement méchants et sourds à la souffrance des êtres sensibles. Ce type Éditeur(s) de réflexions a des échos de plus en plus nombreux dans les débats Département des littératures de langue française contemporains sur notre rapport aux animaux. ISSN 2104-3272 (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Larue, R. (2019). « Tirer l’homme de la classe des animaux carnassiers. » : rousseau et les preuves scientifiques de notre nature végétarienne. Sens public. https://doi.org/10.7202/1067463ar Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) Sens Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses Gender in British Behmenist thought Gibbons, Brian John How to cite: Gibbons, Brian John (1993) Gender in British Behmenist thought, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5730/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk Brian John Gibbons "Gender in British Behmenist Thought" Ph. D. Thesis University of Durham 1993 In the early modern period, women were commonly regarded as unruly and morally suspect beings. During the period, however, there was a revision in the moral status of women. Behmenism is representative of the process whereby women were raised to the status of morally elevating beings. In Jacob Boehme's theosophy, both the godhead and prelapsarian man have a feminine element, the Virgin Sophia; women are a sort of fallen counterpart to Sophia. The emphasis of early Behmenists, such as John Pordage, was on Sophia's passivity and chastity. -
Judaizing and Singularity in England, 1618-1667
Judaizing and Singularity in England, 1618-1667 Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Aidan Francis Cottrell-Boyce, Gonville and Caius College, June 2018. For Anna. Abstract In the seventeenth century, in England, a remarkable number of small, religious movements began adopting demonstratively Jewish ritual practices. They were labelled by their contemporaries as Judaizers. Typically, this phenomenon has been explained with reference to other tropes of Puritan practical divinity. It has been claimed that Judaizing was a form of Biblicism or a form of millenarianism. In this thesis, I contend that Judaizing was an expression of another aspect of the Puritan experience: the need to be recognized as a ‘singular,’ positively- distinctive, separated minority. Contents Introduction 1 Singularity and Puritanism 57 Judaizing and Singularity 99 ‘A Jewish Faccion’: Anti-legalism, Judaizing and the Traskites 120 Thomas Totney, Judaizing and England’s Exodus 162 The Tillamites, Judaizing and the ‘Gospel Work of Separation’ 201 Conclusion 242 Introduction During the first decades of the seventeenth century in England, a remarkable number of small religious groups began to adopt elements of Jewish ceremonial law. In London, in South Wales, in the Chilterns and the Cotswolds, congregations revived the observation of the Saturday Sabbath.1 Thomas Woolsey, imprisoned for separatism, wrote to his co-religionists in Amsterdam to ‘prove it unlawful to eat blood and things strangled.’2 John Traske and his followers began to celebrate Passover -
Het Dierloze Gerecht Pr.6 04-03-2009 17:04 Pagina 1
Dierloze gerecht 145x215 pr.6:Het dierloze gerecht pr.6 04-03-2009 17:04 Pagina 1 Het dierloze gerecht Dierloze Proefschrift voorblad pr.2:Dierloze Proefschrift voorblad pr.2 04-03-2009 15:44 Het dierloze gerecht Een vegetarische geschiedenis van Nederland Animals to Order A Vegetarian History of the Netherlands (with a summary in English) proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Universiteit Utrecht op gezag van de rector magnificus, prof.dr. J.C. Stoof, ingevolge het besluit van het college voor promoties in het openbaar te verdedigen op woensdag 8 april 2009 des ochtends te 10.30 uur door Ate Dirk Jan Verdonk geboren op 4 januari 1974 te Almelo Dierloze Proefschrift voorblad pr.2:Dierloze Proefschrift voorblad pr.2 04-03-2009 15:44 Promotor: prof.dr. W.W. Mijnhardt Dierloze gerecht 145x215 pr.6:Het dierloze gerecht pr.6 04-03-2009 17:04 Pagina 2 Dierloze gerecht 145x215 pr.6:Het dierloze gerecht pr.6 04-03-2009 17:04 Pagina 3 Het dierloze gerecht Een vegetarische geschiedenis van Nederland Dirk-Jan Verdonk Boom – Amsterdam Dierloze gerecht 145x215 pr.6:Het dierloze gerecht pr.6 04-03-2009 17:04 Pagina 4 © 2009, de auteur Behoudens de in of krachtens de Auteurswet van 1912 gestelde uitzonderingen mag niets uit deze uitgave worden verveelvoudigd, opgeslagen in een geautomatiseerd gegevensbestand, of openbaar gemaakt, in enige vorm of op enige wijze, hetzij elektronisch, mechanisch door fotokopieën, opnamen of enige andere manier, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de uitgever. No part of this book may be reproduced in any way whatsoever without the written permission of the publisher. -
LA CUCINA MEDIEVALE E RINASCIMENTALE 1 Gli Alimenti
Volume LA CUCINA MEDIEVALE 1 E RINASCIMENTALE INDICE 1 Gli alimenti I diversi regimi alimentari 2 I cibi 3 PAROLA DI CUOCO Come preparare il prosciutto cotto 3 APPROFONDIMENTO Il rito guerriero della caccia 4 APPROFONDIMENTO La Scuola medica salernitana 8 Le bevande 9 FONTI Precetti dei Tacuina sanitatis 10 Proposte di lavoro 11 2 In cucina I luoghi e i metodi di preparazione dei cibi 12 La conservazione degli alimenti 14 PAROLA DI CUOCO La prima ricetta in italiano del sorbetto 16 Le preparazioni a base di cereali 17 FONTI Tre tipi di pane 17 Cuochi e ricettari 20 APPROFONDIMENTO Il valore documentario dei ricettari 22 Proposte di lavoro 23 3 In tavola I servizi 24 La mise en place: la preparazione della tavola 25 APPROFONDIMENTO Novità e inconvenienti per i commensali 26 I banchetti: ostentazione di lusso e potere 27 FONTI Un banchetto memorabile 29 I professionisti dei banchetti 30 FONTI Per essere un bravo scalco 31 Proposte di lavoro 32 1 1 Gli alimenti I diversi regimi alimentari LA MENSA DEI RICCHI E QUELLA DEI POVERI Nel Medioevo l’alimentazione dei ricchi e dei poveri era ovviamente diversa, ma non così diversa come diventerà in segui- to: a differenziarla era più la quantità che la qualità. In entrambi i casi, essa cambia- va in base al clima, alle varietà delle risorse disponibili nel territorio, agli eventi storici (come guerre e carestie) e al calendario liturgico, che prevedeva precise restrizioni in alcuni periodi dell’anno, come per esempio durante la Quaresima. La biforcazione sociale tra le mense prese avvio in epoca carolingia, quando i disboscamenti realizzati per aumentare le aree agricole ridussero le superfici fore- stali e i boschi cominciarono a essere riservati all’uso dei potenti, per cui la selvag- gina (cervi, cinghiali ecc.) divenne un’esclusiva delle mense dei signori, mentre i contadini al massimo potevano disporre degli animali da cortile. -
2020 Plant-Based State of the Industry Report
State of the Industry Report | Plant-Based Meat, Eggs, and Dairy 1 Table of Contents — Executive summary 6 Section 1: Introduction 9 Section 2: Commercial landscape 11 Overview and major developments 11 A note on Covid-19 in the United States 12 Figure 1: Sales growth of plant-based meat and animal-based meat in 2020 over 2019 12 Retail product launches 13 Box 1: Plant-based meat works toward price parity 15 Figure 2: U.S. consumers: barriers to eating plant-based meat products (March 2020)16 Figure 3: U.S., German, and British consumers: factors that would lead to interest in trying plant-based meat (August 2020) 17 Top-selling plant-based meat and dairy brands in U.S. retail 24 Table 1: Top 10 plant-based meat brands by dollar sales in U.S. retail (alphabetized) 24 Table 2: Top 10 plant-based dairy brands by dollar sales in U.S. retail (alphabetized) 27 Foodservice partnerships and expansion 28 Box 2: Co-branding in foodservice 30 Early-stage companies 31 Table 3: Top 10 plant-based food producer fundraising rounds of 2020 31 Developments in the upstream supply chain 32 Section 3: Sales 37 U.S. retail sales overview 37 Box 3: U.S. retail market data collection 37 Figure 4: Total U.S. retail plant-based food market 38 Figure 5: U.S. retail plant-based food dollar sales by category 38 Figure 6: U.S. retail plant-based dollar share of total category 39 Plant-based purchasing dynamics 39 Box 4: U.S. consumer panel data collection 39 Figure 7: Household penetration of plant-based products 41 U.S. -
FROM DARKNESS to LIGHT WRITERS in MUSEUMS 1798-1898 Edited by Rosella Mamoli Zorzi and Katherine Manthorne
Mamoli Zorzi and Manthorne (eds.) FROM DARKNESS TO LIGHT WRITERS IN MUSEUMS 1798-1898 Edited by Rosella Mamoli Zorzi and Katherine Manthorne From Darkness to Light explores from a variety of angles the subject of museum ligh� ng in exhibi� on spaces in America, Japan, and Western Europe throughout the nineteenth and twen� eth centuries. Wri� en by an array of interna� onal experts, these collected essays gather perspec� ves from a diverse range of cultural sensibili� es. From sensi� ve discussions of Tintore� o’s unique approach to the play of light and darkness as exhibited in the Scuola Grande di San Rocco in Venice, to the development of museum ligh� ng as part of Japanese ar� s� c self-fashioning, via the story of an epic American pain� ng on tour, museum illumina� on in the work of Henry James, and ligh� ng altera� ons at Chatsworth, this book is a treasure trove of illumina� ng contribu� ons. FROM DARKNESS TO LIGHT FROM DARKNESS TO LIGHT The collec� on is at once a refreshing insight for the enthusias� c museum-goer, who is brought to an awareness of the exhibit in its immediate environment, and a wide-ranging scholarly compendium for the professional who seeks to WRITERS IN MUSEUMS 1798-1898 proceed in their academic or curatorial work with a more enlightened sense of the lighted space. As with all Open Book publica� ons, this en� re book is available to read for free on the publisher’s website. Printed and digital edi� ons, together with supplementary digital material, can also be found at www.openbookpublishers.com Cover image: