State Park and Forest Commission

ConnDoc P211 1942- j^fctte af (Entttwttotf 1944 c o p * 2 PUBLIC DOCUMENT NO. 60

SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

OF THE

STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION

TO THE

GOVERNOR

For the Fiscal Term ended June 30,1944

PRINTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE STATUTE

HARTFORD Published by the State 1944

^tate of (Emtnwtirut

PUBLIC DOCUMENT NO. 60

SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

OF THE:

STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION

TO THE

GOVERNOR

For the Fiscal Term ended June 30, 1944

PRINTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE STATUTE

HARTFORD '•J l Published by the State 1944

G2_ Printed under authority of Section 142, General Statutes of Connecticut, Revision of 1930, as amended by Section 45e, Supplement of 1939. JOHN M. DOWE, State Comptroller 1868 ALBERT MILFORD TURNER 1944

"Woe unto them that join house to house, That lay field to field Till there be no place That they may be placed alone In the midst of the earth." (Isaiah V, 8.)

ALBERT MILFORD TURNER 1868 - 1944

Albert Milford Turner, whose death occurred on June 29, 1944, was born in Northfield, Town of Litchfield, Connecticut, February 26, 1868, the son of Abram and Elizabeth (Filley) Turner. The first paternal American ancestor of the late Mr. Turner was Nathaniel Turner, who came from England in 1636 and set- tled in New Haven. Nathaniel Turner, a legend Mr. Turner liked to tell, was skipper of the famed "Phantom Ship." The Humiston and Turner families were the first settlers, 1760, in Northfield. Hence the derivation of the name Humaston Brook and Humas- ton Brook State Park. Abram Turner, his father, might well be called a typical' "Yankee Trader" who dealt in pedigreed Jersey cattle, leased land and sold products from it. In the spring when shad was running he would drive to Hartford, 27 miles away, on the Connecticut river and get a good wagon load to sell to regular customers, but always with an eye to keeping enough to salt down. Albert Turner prepared for college at Wilbraham Academy and was graduated at Yale (Ph.B.) in 1890. His early work was as a school teacher at Northfield and for a short while at Hoboken, N. J., with the Erie Railroad. From 1892 to 1905 he was with the engineering firm of Albert B. Hill in New Haven, on the laying out of trolley roads and on drives, part of the work being on the East and West Rock drives. His years in business from 1905-1912 were spent with "The Connecticut White Lime Company" of Canaan. The next two years he was in business for himself. He inherited his Yankee ingenuity from his father and from his mother his passion for books, his love of beauty, and the arts. In 1914 he was selected as its first employee by the Connect- icut State Park Commission and served faithfully as its Field Sec- retary, and later as the Field Secretary, and Secretary of the combined State Park and Forest Commission to the date of his retirement June 30, 1942. During this period the present State Park system was acquired and its development was begun. Through his untiring efforts, love of the open spaces, pioneering spirit and passionate creed that all men are created equal, he con- tributed much to the forwarding of the State Park movement but always under the guidance and name of the Commission which he emphatically considered first. These interests and activities brought him honorary recognition and membership in various organizations: The Sons of the American Revolution, The Appalachian Mountain Club, The Con- necticut Society of Civil Engineers, New England Park Associa- tion, American Institute of Park Executives, Sleeping Giant Park Association, New Haven Colony Historical Society, Connecticut Forest and Park Association, National Park Association, American Forest Association, American Planning and Civic Association, Yale Publishing Association, The Adirondack Mountain Club and others. In 1933 he was awarded the M. Sc. degree by Trinity College, also the Cornelius Armory Pugsley medal by the Ameri- can Scenic and Historic Preservation Society. His ashes have been placed in one of the Connecticut State Parks which he loved so much. His monument is found in the great system of State Parks which he aided so effectively in creat- ing and from which, as he knew, the returns must always be the physical, mental and spiritual benefit to the people who use them, a revenue as intangible as the wind and sunshine, and as in- valuable. T. M. V. Hartford, Connecticut

December 30,1944

To His Excellency, Raymond E. Baldwin,

Governor of the State of Connecticut:

In accordance with Chapter 114, Revised Statutes of 1930, and on behalf of the Commissioners appointed under such statute, I have the honor to submit for your consideration the biennial report of the State Park and Forest Commission for the two years ended June 30, 1944, including the report of the State For- ester for the same period.

GEORGE C. WALDO,

Chairman of the Commission CONTENTS

Report of the Commissioners 11

Report of the Secretary 13

Report of the Treasurer . — 21

Report of the Administrative Director _ 36

Report of the Tree Warden Supervisor _ _ 19

Statement of Commission Policies 25

State Park Department 33

Report of the Superintendent * 45

Land Acquisition 49

Recent Legislation affecting State Parks 50

State Forestry Department —--H 55

Report of the State Forester 56

Land Acquisition 4_ ^JM _ ———- 60

Recent Legislation affecting State Forests 66 CONNECTICUT STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSIONERS

Appointed by the Governor

Arthur L. Peale, Norwich, Term ends Sept. 1, 1945 George C. Waldo, Fairfield, Term ends Sept. 1, 1945 Herman H. Chapman, New Haven, Term ends Sept. 1, 1947 Julian H. Norton, Bristol, Term ends Sept. 1, 1947 Thomas Hewes, Hartford, Term ends Sept. 1, 1949 Arthur M. Comley, Bridgeport, Term ends Sept. 1, 1949

Ex-Officio Walter O. Filley, New Haven, Forester, C.A.E. Station

Officers, Nov. 1, 1944

Chairman, George C. Waldo Vice-Chairman, Arthur M. Comley Treasurer, Julian H. Norton

Office 165 Capitol Ave., P. O. Drawer 1558, Hartford, Conn.

REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONERS

March 1, 1945

To His Excellency, Raymond E. Baldwin, Governor of Connecticut:

In submitting the biennial report of the Park and Forest Commission for the years 1943 - 1945, the Commission is proud to report progress not only in the specific duties which are en- trusted to it in the administration of the state's parks and forests but in the over-all task of arousing and enlisting public support for the whole program of conserving our natural resources in Connecticut, and carrying out the motto of the Forestry De- partment, "Keep Connecticut Green." Thanks to a generous acquisition program made possible by the last Legislature, the Commission on Forests and Wild Life has purchased and added to the state's forest domain more than 18,000 acres of forest land. This has been purchased not only with a view to reforestation, but to public recreation, conservation, the protection of Connecticut's wild life resources and the enjoyment of the people. We have been hampered in carrying out our plans during the past two years by the labor situation and the war-imposed restrictions on the use of materials. We have taken advantage of this lull by making carefully prepared plans for the development of our forest areas and state parks to the end that they may be of the greatest service to the people of Connecticut. We believe that progress in this respect has been marked and will lead to making Connecticut's Park and Forest system the best of any state in the Union, in proportion to size. Your Commission has adopted and put into print a set of policies which are the formal guide to all of the executives and employees of its two departments. Believing that the objectives set forth in this statement of policies should be understood by all the people of Connecticut, we are including them herewith in this report. The Commission has no other policies than those stated herein. It is the belief of the Commission that the attainment of these objectives will be of immense benefit to Connecticut, not only of today, but of the future. We look forward to the time when our woodlands will be the mainstay of a statewide conservation program. The encouragement of private forestry by direct aid had been made possible by a grant from the Legislature and here too the accomplishment has not been as great as might be desired because of the shortage of labor. But we expect during the next biennium, when the labor situation may have eased 12 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT somewhat, to make great strides in showing private woodland owners how to get the greatest return from their trees and to maintain the healthiest conditions on their woodlots, by practic- ing modern applied forestry. The Commission wishes to express its appreciation to your Excellency for your unflagging interest and support in these objectives. It also wishes to record its thanks to those generous citizens of Connecticut whose gifts have added thousands of acres to the Park and Forest domain during the past two years. A detailed account of these gifts appears in other parts of the report. Appended herewith is the official statement of policies, adopted by the present Commission by unanimous vote, setting forth the general objectives and aims of our program and the specific methods of administration by which we hope to attain them.

Respectfully submitted,

GEORGE C. WALDO, Chairman State Park and Forest Commission STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 13

REPORT OF THE SECRETARY

To the State Park and Forest Commission.

Gentlemen:

During the fiscal period ended June 30, 1944, the commission has held 24 regular monthly meetings and one special or recalled meeting. Of these 25 meetings, nine were held on park proper- ties, six on state forests, nine in the Hartford office, and one at the home of a commissioner. Not only have inspection trips been made in connection with the meetings, but various committee and individual inspection trips have also been made from time to time. The commission has thus kept informed as to the various problems which have arisen. Only one change occurred in the membership of the commission during this period. The term of John J. Curran expired on August 31, 1943, and Arthur M. Comley of Bridgeport was appointed in his place. As a matter of record, the names of all commissioners, both past and present, with their terms of service, are given below:

Conn. State Park and Forest Commission Commissioners Term Began Term Ended Term

John O. Fox Sept. i, 1913 Aug. 31, 1915 2 yrs. Edward E. Bradley Sept. I, 1913 Jan. 21, 1917" 3 yrs. 5 mos. George A. Parker Feb. 21, 1917 April 1, 1923* 6 yrs. 2 mos. xCharles J. Bennett July 1, 1919 June 30, 1923 4 yrs. Robbins B. Stoeckel July 1, 1919 June 30, 1925 6 yrs. xJohn A. MacDonald July 1, 1923 June 30, 1925 2 yrs. Fayette L. Wright Sept. 1, 1915 May 30, 1926* 10 yrs. 9 mos. Harris Whittemore May 3, 1923 Nov. 29, 1927** 4 yrs. 7 mos. Harris Whittemore, Jr. Dec. 9, 1927 Aug. 31, 1937 9 yrs. 9 mos. John E. Calhoun Sept. 1, 1913 Dec. 31, 1938* 24 yrs. 4 mos. Dwight C. Wheeler Mar. 20, 1935 Dec. 31, 1938* 3 yrs. 9 mos. Lucius F. Robinson Sept. 1, 1913 June 11, 1941** 27 yrs. 9 mos. Edward H. Wilkins Sept. 1, 1913 Aug. 31, 1941 28 yrs. John J. Curran July 10, 1941 Feb. 10, 1943 2 yrs. 2 mos. Herman H. Chapman Sept. 1, 1913 xWalter O. Fllley Sept. 1, 1913 Arthur L. Peale May 27, 1926 Thomas Hewes Sept. 1, 1937 George C. Waldo Jan. 1, 1939 Julian H. Norton Sept. 1, 1941 Arthur M. Comley April 2, 1943 xEx-officio *Resi; gned "Died Having served as Chairman for six years, Herman H. Chap- man was succeeded in that office by George C. Waldo in October, 1943. Arthur L. Peale succeeded Albert M. Turner as Secretary 14 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

in October, 1942 and, after serving one year, was succeeded by Walter O. Filley in October, 1943, when the latter was replaced as Treasurer by Julian N. Norton. Another change is the appointment of an Administrative Di- rector who is to act as executive officer for the commission. The first occupant of this new position is Mr. Donald B. Alexander, who was appointed January 1, 1943. The State Forester, Austin F. Hawes, retired on March 31, 1944, having served continuously since July 1, 1921. As an appointee of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, he had previously served as State Forester from September 1, 1904, to April 1, 1909, thus making his full term of service in Connecticut more than 27 years. He was granted two months leave of ab- sence and William C. Shepard of the Forestry Department was appointed Acting State Forester to serve from February 1, 1944, until a permanent appointment was made. As the result of an examination held under the Merit Sys- tem in January, 1944, Dr. Raymond Kienholz was appointed State Forester from April 1, 1944, subject to the trial period of six months required by statute. This trial period was completed Sep- tember 30, 1944, and the permanent appointment of Dr. Kien- holz was confirmed at the meeting on October 18, 1944.

Respectfully submitted,

W. O. FILLEY, Secretary One of the Inviting Beaches at Sherwood Island State Park Looking Eastward from Fairbanks Woods 16 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

REPORT OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTOR

December 30, 1944

State Park and Forest Commissioners,

Gentlemen: This report covers the period January 1, 1943 to June 30, 1944. A considerable amount of the time of the Commission has been devoted in the past two years to making adjustments in the internal operating procedures of the Commission and the Park and Forestry Departments, based upon the increased burdens which have been assumed by the Commission. Every effort has been made to integrate the routine business activities through the establishment of a central accounting unit. The Commission has reduced its operating policies to writing and prepared a short booklet for the guidance of all concerned with reference to these policies. Considerable study has been given to matters of salary, duties and classification with a view toward the attainment of greater uniformity with respect to positions of comparable responsibility in the Park and Forestry Departments. It is the ambition of the Commission to develop as far as practical and possible a smoothly running, integrated and efficient agency.

PLANNING Looking forward to the post-war period the Commission has adopted the policy for the future development of the parks and forests of having detailed working plans prepared and reduced to writing and maps and of requiring that all work performed shall be as nearly as possible in accordance with such previously approved and well considered plans. It is felt that this method will make it possible for the Commission to better discharge its general supervisory duties. Parks: Pursuant to authority granted by the Commission, Thomas H. Desmond, landscape architect of Simsbury, was employed as planning consultant to bring to this work his years of experience in State Park planning, which have won him a national reputation in this field. Considerable progress has been made through field studies and staff conferences that has resulted in the preparation of an increasing number of State Park plans which will provide for the appropriate expansion and development of these areas to a point where the maximum public use- can be offered. STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 17

A Planning Council, consisting of the Superintendent of State Parks, the Planning Consultant, the Park Engineer, and the Administrative Director, meets periodically to discuss planning problems and reach decisions which, with the help of a landscape draftsman, result in the preparation of plans for presentation to the Commission for approval. This method of operation has proved particularly effective. The long range development program prepared by the Superintendent of State Parks and his staff is keyed into the Park plans. The post-war development program estimated at about $3,- 700,000 on a six-year basis will provide a well rounded schedule of construction and other activities designed to make the Parks of increasing value to the public. A request for approximately $2,000,000 has been included in the biennial budget for capital expenditure during the coming biennium, should the war situation have progressed to a point which would make this appropriate. Forests: The State Forester is continuing to prepare working plans for each State Forest and, where recreational developments are involved, conferences have been held by the Forester and the Administrative Director in addition to field studies leading to the approval of these proposals by the Commission. The post war development program prepared by the State Forester in the amount of approximately $2,500,000 for work considered immediately necessary includes many projects of recreational character. A request for approximately $1,000,000 for capital expenditure has been included in the budget for the next biennium in the hope that the war situation at that time will permit prose- cution of many of these projects. Prior to the beginning of the war the consistent increase in attendance by recreation seekers in the State Forests clearly indicated the trend and it is felt that the forests can be opened up to greater public use without ill effect upon the economic forestry program.

PUBLIC RELATIONS: During the biennium acquaintance has been made with the heads and staffs of many State Departments whose work is closely allied to that of this Commission, as well as others who do not have quite as close relationship. Everywhere there has been found a growing appreciation of the work of this Commis- sion and a lively interest in its activities. For example, the State Highway Department has been particularly cooperative in assign- ing staff members to confer with us in preparation of park plans involving park entrances and other highway problems, as also has the State Board of Fisheries and Game in providing us with information integrating their interests in the planning of park and forest development; the Department of Finance and Control has been particularly helpful in assisting in the adjustment of the business affairs of the Commission; the State Department of Edu- 18 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

cation has joined us in several conferences which it is hoped will lead to the establishment of a state-operated work and training program for young men of appropriate age in the post-war period; the Post-War Planning Board and its various committees have expressed appreciation for the assistance given them by members of our staff in the collection of data and attendance at committee meetings and discussions; several public addresses have been given to explain the Commission's program; the Connecticut Devel- opment Commission has been particularly cooperative in the exchange of information and the frequent loan of photographic material from their files. Work is progressing on the design and development of park entrance signs as well as the preparation of the format of leaflets to contain information of local interest with regard to the various State Parks for public distribution. A new state map showing State Parks and Forests and areas under the jurisdiction of the State Board of Fisheries and Game as well as an indication of the various activities which are available for public participation is being prepared and will be ready for distribution soon.

Respectfully submitted,

DONALD B. ALEXANDER,

Administrative Director STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 19

REPORT OF THE SUPERVISOR OF TREE WARDENS

To the Connecticut State Park and Forest Commission,

Gentlemen: Since my last report there has been little or no change in conditions concerning public shade trees in the state. Because of the shortage of manpower and the almost constant demand for funds for other purposes, the care of shade trees is receiving little attention, being considered by most people as a war time non- essential. There are still several selectmen who are slow in reporting tree warden appointments, requiring a second or third request, and some tree wardens fail to send in reports of their activities. It is interesting to note that a majority of these delin- quents are the same year after year. To all new appointees are sent copies of the law explaining the duties and responsibilities of tree wardens, and to some extent I have made personal visits. These have been limited of late, however, because the shortage of gasoline and the comparative little that could be accomplished under present conditions. Under normal conditions such personal visits are very valuable. In a few cases, I have been called upon by tree wardens to give advice or to back them up, if possible, in their decisions. Fortunately I have been able to do this without any cases being appealed to your commission. My work with tree wardens has not required all of my time and in addition, I have been able to attend to various matters for the Superintendent of State Parks. The shade tree law at present requires selectmen of towns and wardens of boroughs to appoint tree wardens for a term of one year. Since this law was enacted in 1929, a number of towns have changed from annual to biennial elections until at present, of the 157 towns affected by this law, 95 have biennial elections, and the number is being increased at each session of the General Assembly. According to the law, I sent out requests for the tree warden appointments to all towns each year just after the election date, but in a number of cases my request is ignored, or the selectman informs me that their election is for two years. I would suggest that the law be so changed that the term of the tree warden would be as long as that of the selectmen making the ap-... pointment. In some towns it continues to be customary for the first selectman to act as tree warden, but according to a ruling by a former attorney general he must be appointed tree warden by the other selectmen. This is not always done. In some towns tree wardens are duly appointed because required by law rather than because of any particular interest in the trees. There are still plenty of cases where a tree warden hesitates to assert his 20 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

authority because of lack of support either by the public or the local court. When normal conditions are restored after the war, these conditions can be largely corrected by more personal con- tact between the supervisor of tree wardens and the tree wardens themselves. To any one familiar with conditions, it must be evident that in the state parks are a good many trees, valuable from a park standpoint, sadly in need of attention which has been impossible in the past. If proper attention and care could be given such trees at the proper time, their life and beauty would be considerably prolonged. This being so, it would seem that under the proposed reorganization of the park department it would be wise to provide for a man, under the direction of the Superintendent of State Parks, who is well trained in the care of trees, and who with the help of one or two more or less trained assistants and a little help from the park caretaker could give this much needed care. It is possible that this same man could also act as supervisor of tree wardens although I believe they should be two full time jobs. Under prevailing war time conditions, I cannot anticipate much improvement in shade tree care, but as post-war projects it is conceivable that renewed interest will be aroused. » Respectfully submitted,

ALLEN B. COOK, Supervisor of Tree Wardens

December 13, 1944

3 STATEMENT OP APPROPRIATIONS AND BALANCES—PARK DEPARTMENT FOR THE FISCAL TERM ENDED JUNE 30, 1944 ao •4Ha rt -f- 1 m •H u u T3 >> It O) V (D fl f-t a

July 1, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Second Year) Account RECURRING EXPENSES 9001-A Personal Services 157,480.00 — 157,393.03 86.97 9001-B Contractual Services 12,000.00 — 8,745.87 3,254.13 9001-C Supplies and Materials 18,500.00 — 6,107.44 12,392.56 CAPITAL OUTLAY 9001-J Equipment 10,000.00 748.17 9,251.29 B-9001-G Land & Non-Struct. Improv 32,555.20* 6,000.00 37,427.18 1,128.02 B-9001-H New Structures 23,926.30* — 6.000.00 4,061.88 13,864.42 B-9001-Y Structural Replacements 10,710.87* 2,178.73 8,532.14 SPECIAL FUNDS C-9001-450 Mashamoquet Brook 12,012.82* 4,674.57 — 7,338.25 C-9001-451 Sherwood Island 124,354.02* 29,308.53 — 95,045.49 C-9001-452 Rocky Glen (Newtown Purchase) 10,000.00* 10,000.00 C-9001-453 Old Furnace 5,000.00* — 5,000.00 ''Appropriations of 1941— Unexpended balances for'd 7/1/42

July 1, 1943-June 30, 1944 Balance (First Year) carried forward RECURRING EXPENSES 7/1/44 9001-A Personal Services 156,875.00 — 700.00 150,639.56 5,535.44 9001-B Contractual Services 14,000.00 9,984.34 4,015.66 9001-C Supplies and Materials 17,000.00 — 5,500.00 5,716.07 5,783.93 CAPITAL OUTLAY 9001-J Equipment 800.00 174.29 625.71 B-9001-G Land & Non-Struct. Improv 30,000.00 5,500.00 20,014.64 15,485.36 B-9001-H New Structures 10.00 700.00 244.56 465.44 B-9001-Y Structural Replacements 2,000.00 2,000.00 SPECIAL FUNDS C-9001-450 Mashamoquet Brook 7,338.25* 2,683.35 4,654.90 C-9004-451 Sherwood Island 95,045.49* 1,897.64 93,147.85 C-9001-453 Old Furnace : 5,000.00* 1,500.64 3,499.36 C-9001-471 Old Furnace 5,000.00 5,000.00 C-9001-472 Haddam Island 2,000.00 2,000.00 * Appropriations of 1941— Unexpended balances forward 7/1/43

STATEMENT OF REVOLVING FUNDS, RECEIPTS AND BALANCES—PARK DEPARTMENT

i—i ^ ^ ^ tS a) 13 3P d> xa a s 3? Otf < fe < H m o ^

July 1, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Second Year) REVOLVING FUND 6.6 Sales and Service 31,256.29 39,516.62 70,772.91 50,406.30 20,366.61

July 1, 1943-June 30, 1944 forward forward (First Year) 7/1/43 7/1/44 REVOLVING FUND 6.6 Sales and Service 20,366.61 7,975.50 28,342.11 6,845.32 21,496.79 STATEMENT OP APPROPRIATIONS AND BALANCES—FORESTRY DEPARTMENT

FOR THE FISCAL TERM ENDED JUNE 30, 1944 flo bo

o "K a a gT; g

July 1, 1942-June 30, 1943 < H H H MPhBH cqufeti- (Second Year) Account RECURRING EXPENSES 3101-A Personal Services 70,047.00 70,046.54 .46 3101-B Contractual Services 21,636.00 — 350.00 14,989.03 6,296.97 3101-C Supplies and Materials 15,125.00 13,620.79 1,504.21 3101-X Fire Suppression 25,000.00 24,620.85 379.15 CAPITAL OUTLAY 3101-J Equipment 14,640.00 7,095.69 7,544.31 B-3101-G Land & Non-Struct. Improv 100.00* 1,235.00 1,250.00 85.00 B-3101-H New Structures 100.00* 100.00 B-3101-Y Structural Replacements 100.00* 100.00 ^SPECIAL FUNDS C-3101-450 Housatonic State Forest (Purchase) 908.00* — 885.00 23.00 ''Appropriations of 1941— Unexpended balance forward 7/1/42

July 1, 1945-June 30, 1944 Balance (First Year) carried forward RECURRING EXPENSES 7/1/44 3101-A Personal Services 81,923.00 78,186.85 3,736.15 3101-B Contractual Services 14,200.00 14,145.43 54.57 3101-C Supplies and Materials 16,925.00 16,089.82 835.18 3101-X Fire Suppression 25,000.00 24,996.60 3.40 CAPITAL OUTLAY 3101-J Equipment 9,300.00 — 8,262.44 1,037.56 B-3101-G Land and Non-Struct. Improv 10.00 10.00 B-3101-H New Structures 10.00 10.00 B-3101-Y Structural Replacements 10.00 10.00 CAPITAL OUTLAY Special Funds C-3101-450 Housatonic State Forest (Purchase) 23.00* 23.00 C-9001-470 Paugnut Recreation Area 10,000.00 5,561.45 4,438.55 B-3101-M Private Lands Farm Forestry 100,000.00 338.04 99,661.96 B-3101-X Private Lands Planting Program 50,000.00 74.75 49,925.25 ''Appropriation of 1941— Unexpended balance forward 7/1/43

STATEMENT OF REVOLVING FUNDS, RECEIPTS AND BALANCES—FORESTRY DEPARTMENT

CD T3 rjbOC3 a x a « o v

July 1, 1942-June 30, 1943 (Second Year) REVOLVING FUNDS 5 86 Farmer's Nursery Fund 11,624.44 3,853.19 15,477.63 6,951.18 8.526.45 59 Forest Fire Fund 36,820.97 37,291.15 74,112.12 29,386.59 44,725.53 5 32 Forest Products Sales Fund 65,021.59 51,584.16 116,605.75 36,313.22 80.292.53

July 1, 1943-June 30, 1944 forward (First Year) forward 7/1/43 7/1/44 REVOLVING FUNDS 5 86 Farmer's Nursery Fund 8,526.45 4,839.27 13,365.72 1,600.66 11,765.06 59 Forest Fire Fund 44,725.53 59,471.94 100,197.47 45,298.38 58,899.09 532 Forest Products Sales Fund 80,292.53 36,136.57 116,429.10 39,823.68 76,605.42 STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 25

POLICIES OF THE STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION

1. GENERAL POLICIES OF THE COMMISSION The Commission has charge and supervision of all lands acquired by the State, as public reservations, for the purposes of public recreation or the preservation of natural beauty or historic association, or for forests, except such lands as may be placed by law in the charge and under the supervision of other commissions or officials. These lands may be acquired by gift, purchase, lease, condemnation, exchange, by the Commission or by the Commis- sion on Forests and Wild Life and allocated to this Commission for administration. These lands may include land for parks and land for forests. Land for State forests may be acquired by the State Forester with the advice and consent of the Commission. The Commission to carry out its purposes may appoint all necessary personnel. It shall appoint the State Forester. All appointees shall perform the duties assigned to them by the Com- mission or by law under the supervision of and to the satisfaction of the Commission. The controlling over-all policy of the Commission in the discharge of its duties is the proper utilization of all lands under its supervision, including both forests and parks, and to provide the maximum practical recreational facilities for the greatest number of Connecticut residents consistent with the conservation of natural resources on such lands. In providing recreational facilities, aesthetic as well as practical considerations will govern. It is the aim of the Commission that on parks and forests every effort be made to secure competent and courteous employees where public contacts are necessary. The basis of all work on all parks and forests will be detailed plans for each park and each forest and to the extent practical, all recommendations for action by the Commission on any park or forest shall relate to such development plans. These plans shall provide for both ordinary developments and emergency em- ployment. The purpose of having development plans is to enable the Commission to have a criterion by which to measure their own performance in the discharge of their duty. The Commis- sion must see to it first, that there are plans and, second, that

Sec. 2162, Sec. 2166, 2167, -357f, 866c, 2177, 775e 777e See above 771e Sec. 2159, 2159 2173 See also opinion of Attorney General, Sept. 6, 1944, in Appendix. 26 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT work proceeds expeditiously toward the ends envisaged, limited only by appropriation of necessary funds. It is the duty of the State Forester to prepare such plans for the forests and on recreational matters therein to confer with the Administrative Director. It is the duty of the Park Superin- tendent to prepare such plans for parks in consultation with the Administrative Director and Park Consultant. All development plans for forests and parks shall be kept up to date and notation of dates of correction made therein. At the monthly meeting in January 1945, the Forester and Superintendent shall report in writing as to the progress toward completion of such plans and thereafter in writing each month until there is a development plan for each forest and each park, actually in hand. Subject to the foregoing, it shall be the duty of the State Forester and Superintendent of Parks, in consultation with the Administrative Director, to draw up complete work and financial programs for the State parks and State forests for each fiscal period beginning January 1,1945 to June 30, 1945. These programs shall be based upon the development plans, unless otherwise di- rected by the Commission. It shall be the duty of the Forester and the Superintendent of Parks respectively to determine the kind and nature of work or financial requirements which their respec- tive departments are likely to need during the period and it shall be the duty of the Administrative Director to assist them in preparing these budgets in proper shape for presentation to the Commission for approval and to the Finance Department when approved. The program shall reflect the priority of developments as fixed by the Commission. The chief business of each monthly meeting of the Commis- sion shall be to review the progress of the programs. To this end the Forester, Superintendent, and Administrative Director shall meet regularly before each meeting and the Administrative Di- rector's records shall be available to the Forester and Superin- tendent in preparing a resume in writing of work performed and reasons for delay, if any. At the meeting of the Commission the resume shall be presented and the Forester and Superintendent be prepared to comment and elaborate thereon. The State Forester and the Superintendent of Parks will be expected to cooperate to the fullest extent in conforming to the approved programs and in assisting the Administrative Director to anticipate financial requirements for personnel, material, and equipment. The Forester and Superintendent of Parks will anticipate, so far as possible, all requirements for purchase of supplies, materials, and equipment, so that the necessary orders may be con- solidated and presented to the Finance Department in proper form by the Administrative Director. The policy of the Commission on publicity and public relations is as follows: To seek the maximum publicity for all activi- STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 27 ties, services, and recreational resources of the Park and Forest Departments, using for that purpose the newspapers and maga- zines of the State, the radio and motion pictures, and such other facilities as may be available from time to time. The aim of this publicity program will be to give to the people of Connecticut the widest possible knowledge of the aims and policies of the Park and Forest Commission and of the recreational facilities open to the general public. As part of this program signs shall be made, attractively designed and lettered, and large enough to be read with ease by passing motor traffic, mark- ing entrances, and boundaries of all State Parks and Forests. Signs shall also be displayed not only at the entrances and boundaries but along the highways leading to the major parks and forests so that motorists approaching such entrances may be duly forewarned. The aim of such signs shall be to attract the maximum attention to these facilities and to invite the public to use them. Maps shall be prepared, not only showing the location of our parks and forests in relation to the various state highways or town roads, but also detailed maps for public distribution showing the roads or trails within the principal parks or forests; the location of all facilities such as fireplaces, picnic places, beaches for swimming, buildings for public use and the like, so that persons using such maps shall be given a clear idea of the recreational facilities available and how to find them in every park or forest. Photographs suitable for publication in newspapers and mag- azines shall be made and kept on file in the office of the Adminis- trative Director to be loaned to publications desiring such pictures. An office publication summarizing progress in park and forestry work and the development of recreational facilities and of such other matters as may be of interest to the general public in connection with parks and forests shall be published at intervals and circulated to all newspapers in the state, to organizations such as fish and game clubs, Boy Scouts, nature clubs, labor organizations, public schools; also to state officials, members of the Legislature, and to such other individuals or groups as might be interested. It shall be the duty of the Administrative Director, subject to the direct supervision of the Chairman of this Commission to see that this program is carried out, and to supervise all direct Commission releases for publication except as otherwise provided. The State Forester, consistent with Commission policy, shall initiate publicity pertaining to his department and the Superintendent of Parks shall do likewise. But it shall be a primary responsibility of the Administrative Director to see that the general policy is effectuated, especially as to signs, maps and a 28 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT steady flow of material is concerned and to report to the Com- mission thereon at regular intervals. He shall maintain liaison with the department heads. Department heads and employees are requested to cooperate in furnishing the necessary information, providing ideas for publicity, or otherwise aiding the program. In the procuring of photographs, preparation of stories in proper form for publication, and the designing and procuring of park or forest signs, the Administrative Director may employ such technical help as is necessary, subject to the approval of the Commission. It is further the sense of this resolution that the heads of the Park and Forest Departments or employees of the Depart- ments who are invited to make addresses before public gatherings or technical societies are encouraged to do so in furtherance of this publicity, but bearing in mind that no statement of policy should be made contrary to the policies formally adopted by the Commission and that every opportunity should be sought to em- phasize the purpose of the Commission to bring about the widest public use and benefit from the recreational facilities or technical services of the Park and Forest Departments.

2. FORESTRY DEPARTMENT

A. General Policies: The general policies and objectives of the Commission for the Forestry Department are as follows: 1. To restore and replenish the woodland resources of the State and to plan, encourage, and provide for the maximum recreational use of these woodlands by the people of the state; 2. To provide for an ever increasing reserve of timber for the uses of the state; 3. To encourage good forestry practices on all the private woodlands of the State, both by example and demonstration, and by direct aid to the owners of private woodlands; 4. To apply the principles of wild life conservation to forest areas, and to plan areas around or within the forests where game birds and animals may find food and shelter, working out such plans in cooperation with the Fish and Game Departments of the State; 5. To promote and disseminate knowledge concerning wood products and wood uses and to help create mar- kets for such products for the benefit of farmers and other private woodland owners; STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 29

6, To maintain a trained and efficient forest fire fighting service to protect all woodlands, whether pub- licly or privately owned, against the hazards of such fires, and to carry on an unceasing public campaign concerning the necessity and methods of fire prevention; 7. To safeguard and enhance the State's supply of pure water by protecting and conserving all brooks, streams, ponds, lakes, or other water resources within the forest areas and to develop the maximum recreational use of these resources, while demonstrating the vital connection between reforestation and an assured supply of pure water for the people in the State. While the immediate objective of the Forestry Department shall be the production of more and better trees, the over-all objectives shall be the restoration of natural resources, the reclama- tion of eroded, cut-over or abandoned lands, the providing of greatly increased opportunity for outdoor recreation and the protection and enhancement of the natural beauty of the state. The motto of the Forestry Department shall be, "KEEP CONNECTICUT GREEN," and this shall be carried on its letter- heads and publications.

B. Administration: The policy of the Commission for the* administration of the Forestry Department is as follows: The Forester shall administer all laws which charge him with specific duties, subject in all respects to the supervision and to the approval of the Commission and shall report his activities from time to time to the Commission, preferably in memorandum form. He shall carry out the forest policies adopted by the Com- mission and shall originate and present to the Commission from time to time plans for improving the usefulness of all the forest lands of the State, including cooperation with other appointees of the Commission and other commissions or bodies in matter of water supply, stream flow, water purification, game propagation, public recreation, road planning, beautification of approaches, and allied matters. As Forester and Chief Fire Warden he shall be the direct- ing head of the Forestry and Fire Warden services. The State Forester shall initiate subject to the policies of the Commission: 1. The budget of the Forestry Department for submis- sion to the Commission. 30 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

2. All requests for the allocation of funds for specific materials, equipment, or services, including specifications for the types and quantities desired" and, where a choice is permitted by the Accounting Di- vision of the State Comptroller's Department, what particular funds these items shall be paid from, and shall sign all purchase orders, payrolls, and other obligating documents pertaining to his division. 3. All requests for transfers from one forestry appropriation to another. 4. Requests to the Commission for the personnel needed for the proper operation of the Forestry De- partment, recommending their qualifications, desired rate of pay, promotion or removal, including preparation of technical specifications for examination. Such recommendations shall be checked by the Administrative Director as regards compliance with existing limitations concerning availability of funds, salary ranges, number of authorized positions and the like. 5. Drafts the necessary legislation to carry on and ad- vance the work of the Forestry Department for sub- mission to the Commission, for inclusion in a co-or- inated legislative program.

It is understood that the State Forester shall:

1. Prepare forestry news releases and carry on public relations and educational activities within the policies of the Commission. All such releases originat- ing elsewhere shall be cleared with the State For- ester. 2. Advise the Field Agent of the Commission on For- ests and Wild Life with regard to types of land and specific tracts desired for acquisition. (a) Where recreational problems are involved, or are likely to be encountered, the Forester will consult with the Administrative Director in making these recommendations. 3. Supervise the work of the Forest Fire Warden Sys- tem in the prevention and control of forest fires. 4. Deal directly with other State agencies and the Fed- eral agencies in matters pertaining to forestry, keeping the Administrative Director advised by copy or word of mouth whenever such contacts affect the business affairs of the Commission. STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 31

5. Manage all State forests and supervise the work of all the members of the Forestry Department, both field and office.

C. ORGANIZATION

For these purposes the organizational set-up, directly responsible to the Forester and under his authority, shall be as follows: The organization of the Forestry Department is at present essentially as is shown on the attached organizational chart. There is a small clerical staff attached to the State Forester's office, which handles the clerical and stenographic work of the State Forester and the Technicians in the Hartford office. Future plans call for the establishment of the position of assistant forest rangers to serve with each of the rangers as indicated in the organizational chart. PRESENT ORGANIZATION - CONNECTICUT F0RE3TRY DEPARTMENT

5-20-42 STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 33

3. PARK DEPARTMENT

A. General Policies. The general policies and objectives of the Commission for the Park Department are as follows:

It is the policy of this Commission to acquire in behalf of the people of Connecticut, by purchase or gift, public park areas sufficient in number and size to assure to the inhabitants of the state for all time, unhindered access to salt water and fresh water bathing beaches, to picturesque hilltops, to woodland glades, to beauty spots characteristic of Connecticut's varied scenery, to streams and lakes of unusual beauty and interest, to historic monuments or sites of historic events and to any other places deemed suitable because of natural attractions or unusual sur- roundings.

These parks are to be developed and managed in such a way as to enhance their attractiveness, and to provide facilities for the simpler forms of outdoor recreation such as swimming, camp- ing, hiking, picnicking, horseback riding, motoring, nature study or the like, with an avoidance of the more artificial forms of recreation requiring elaborate apparatus or amusement de- vices, more properly found in city parks or amusement resorts. The emphasis on natural, rather than artificial facilities for recreation shall be the outstanding distinction between the state parks and the other type of parks mentioned.

Exceptions to this policy may be made in cases where a state park happens to include the only desirable baseball field in a small town, or under similar contingencies but in general the policies mentioned above shall be adhered to in the development of the parks and it shall be the aim of the Commission to provide facilities for those forms of recreation which are essentially quiet rather than noisy, and restful rather than disturbing, to other users of the park.

In carrying out the development of all parks under the management of this Commission, the first step in every case shall be the completion of a well considered plan which shall be prepared by a Planning Council consisting of the Administrative Di- rector, the Park Superintendent, the Park Planning Consultant, and the Park Engineer.

These plans shall be submitted to the Committee on Parks for approval and thereafter to the Commission for its approval before being put into effect and shall be followed explicitly except in the case of proposed changes which in turn have been approved by the Commission and added to the corrected plan. 34 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

In providing the necessary facilities for public use such as bath houses, toilets, drinking fountains, picnic places, camp sites, parking places, and the like, it shall be the aim of the Com- mission to make them as attractive as possible. To this end, types of structures must be considered which are not only well planned for convenient and safe use, but which are attractive to the eye, and which add to the generally pleasing appearance of the parks. Consideration must be given to architecture of buildings, color of paint, character of signs including the text used, to plantings annual and permanent, and to the decoration of the larger buildings in the main parks by the use of appropriate awnings, flags, and similar embellishments. Since courteous service to the public is the first consideration, it shall be the aim of the Park Superintendent to build up a corps of employees trained in park service, along the lines of the best modern practice used in outstanding state and national parks. It is the aim of the Commission to maintain a park personnel with a strong esprit de corps, a background of training in public relations, and a pride in their service based upon merited recognition of outstanding work.

B. Administration: The policy of the Commission for the administration of the Park Department is as follows: The Superintendent of Parks shall be the official responsible for the administration of the Park Department, and exercising authority over all of its employees. It shall be the duty of the Superintendent of Parks to: 1. Direct the operations, development, and maintenance of State parks under orders, instructions, and guidance from the State Park and Forest Commission and in accordance with its policies. 2. Select and employ all field personnel including permanent, temporary, and seasonal. He is completely responsible for their State park work and activities. 3. Keep the Commission informed as to the needs and wishes of the visitors and promulgate rules and regulations as adopted by the Commission governing public use of the parks. 4. Make suggestions and present plans for the statewide expansion of recreation areas and activities as well as individual parks. 5. Know the State, people, and areas, as well as possible. CONNECTICUT STATE PAFK AND FOREST COMMISSION

PARK DEPARTMENT

December 1, 1944 Superintendent of State Park: 36 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

4. OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATIVE DIRECTOR

A. General Policies. The general policies and objectives of the Commission for the office of Administrative Director are as follows: The scope of the work of the Commission in the park and forest departments has reached such proportions that it cannot conscientiously discharge its responsibilities without adequate aid. The Commission not being a full time body nor the Chair- man a full time employee, executive assistance is required. The Commission is engaged in the production and delivery of goods and services in the forestry department and services in the park department. In charge of each of these departments is a head, as in a business organization. But as also in a business organization, the Commission has other functions. It has a selling job, a finance job, a public relations job, an accounting job and even more important the responsibility of making a success of the enterprise as a whole. In this general corporate field, the Com- mission has set up an administrative assistant to the Commission and the Chairman. The duty of the assistant is not the production of goods and services in either of the two departments; it is as executive assistant to the management. The Commission is the board of directors, the chairman is the president; and the administrative director is the assistant to the board and chairman. Thus the assistant is not interposed between the production heads and the president; he is a necessary element in an entire organization.

B. Duties. His duties are (1) administrative, (2) cooperative and (3) consulting. (1) Administrative. His chief responsibility is to assist the commission in discharging its duties. To discharge its duties the Commission must plan and see that its plans are carried out. The Administrative Director shall prepare the agenda for each meeting and systematize it so that it will bring before the Commission regularly reports on the progress of its program with observations of his own which he considers pertinent. This agenda will include the matter of development plans and work and financial program, more fully outlined under "General Poli- cies of the Commission," reports on matters he is directly responsible for, several matters .relating to the forest and park departments, initiated by the forester, the superintendent or himself, special matters he may think should be brought to the attention of the Commission, etc. This agenda must be in writing and mailed to the Commissioners before the monthly meeting. He shall act as secretary for the Commission and keep and safeguard all records of the Commission, business documents, etc., not solely relating to the park and forest departments. STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 37

He shall carry out his duties under the publicity policies hereinbefore stated. He shall maintain a central office relating to the Commis- sion as a whole and receive suggestions, complaints, etc., from the public and present them to the Commission when desirable. He shall handle all business of the Commission relating to the Department of Finance & Control, Purchasing and Budget, within the policies of the Commission and within the policies maintain outside contacts in the general interest of the Commis- sion. He shall supervise the Central Accounting Unit, maintain adequate files, prepare the monthly financial statement, maintain an inventory and stores record of supplies, materials and equipment owned by the State and under the jurisdiction of the Commission, all subject to the general policies of the Commission. He shall assume reasonable responsibility in forwarding plans for the future, within the scope of the policies and shall keep the Chairman and Commission fully informed between meetings in all matters of possible interest to them.

2. Cooperative. He shall cooperate with the forester and superintendent in the preparation of work and financial program and reports thereon as hereinbefore described. He shall cooperate with purchasing agents in the acquisition of land and assist them in completing the Commission plans; supervise the preparation and administration of the budget; cooperate in the drafting of legislation for consideration by the Commission. Further duties may be assigned.

3. Consulting. He shall consult with the park superintendent and the forester in recreational matters, within the policies of the Commission.

CENTRAL ACCOUNTING UNIT

Under general supervision by the Administrative Director, the Central Accounting Unit shall be supervised by an Account- ant Auditor, Grade III. The Central Accounting Unit shall handle all routine business activities and shall operate as a service instrumentality in carrying out and expediting the work of the Commission and the Park and Forestry Departments. The work of the unit specifical- ly includes: 38 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

1. Establishment and maintenance of control ledgers and subsidiary accounts. 2. Preparation and pre-audit of payrolls and travel expense vouchers. 3. Preparation of required forms covering personnel actions. 4. Establishment and maintenance of cost accounting records on an activity basis. 5. Preparation and pre-audit of requisitions, purchase orders, and all other pertinent documents required by the Comp- troller, Commissioner of Finance and Control, State Treasurer, and Auditors of Public Accounts. 6. Establishment and maintenance of inventory and record cards control covering all State-owned property under the jurisdiction of this Commission. 7. Establish and maintain a record of all receipts. 8. Maintain the petty cash fund. 9. Set up and maintain appropriate files of all Commission records and documents not solely related to the Park and Fores- try Departments. 10. Prepare the monthly financial statement. The Accountant Auditor shall from time to time review the business activities of the various field offices with a view toward furnishing assistance in their proper conduct of business activities. The Accountant Auditor shall, as opportunity permits, train the employees of the Central Accounting Unit in duties other than their own with a view toward building up a versatile organization whose members can interchange if need be in the performance of the duties of those who may be on vacation or away from the office for other reasons.

6. MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS OF POLICY

While the direct responsibility of the Park and Forest Com- mission to the Governor, the Legislature, and the people of Con- necticut is the administration of the state-owned parks and forests, it has an indirect but none the less pressing responsibility for presenting to the Governor, the Legislature and the people con- structive ideas for the beautification of Connecticut because, of all state commissions, it is the one whose primary duty lies closest to this field. It is therefore the policy of the Commission within this as- sumption to develop plans, in harmony with work in other depart- STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 39 ments of the state, for the beautification of Connecticut and the better utilization and sefeguarding of its organic and mineral resources; for the building up of rural industries in connection with the use of forests, for increasing the attractiveness of rural life, for preserving and enhancing the natural beauties of the shore- line of Long Island Sound; for similarly developing its scenic river valleys and other attractive points; for advising the state as to desirable scenic highways which might be constructed pri- marily for recreation and beauty rather than directly for com- mercial purposes; and in general, furthering the development of Connecticut as a place where natural beauties are protected and utilized to add to the richness of life of all its citizens. The Commission does not favor the financing of its program by grants of Federal funds and will endeavor as far as possible to have its activities financed by the State. There are some long established exceptions such as Federal aid in fire-fighting which, inasmuch as forest fires recognize no boundary, seem reasonable and should not be excluded. The Commission should encourage esprit de corps among all of its employees by taking proper action to see that they are properly and adequately paid for their services, that due recognition is given for long ana distinguished service, and that some dis- tinctive type of clothing or badge is worn by Park and Forest employees so they may be readily recognized by the public while on duty. In brief the Commission considers that one of its duties is a dynamic approach to all matters relating to recreation in Con- necticut, to the preservation and enhancement of its forests, streams, and natural facilities, and to the promotion of the interests of all the people in the state by the highest uses of the land in which they live. Written declarations of Commission Policy as formulated by the Commission and Recorded in its Minutes shall be kept by the administrative director in a separate book and maintained up to date at all times. Copies of this book shall be supplied to "the State Forester, Superintendent of Park and other persons designated by the Commission from time to time. The policies so formulated and recorded shall be observed at all times by all appointees of the Commission. They shall constitute the only official policies of the Commission and of its appointees. 40 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

POLICY FOR PRODUCTION OF FOREST PRODUCTS ON CONNECTICUT STATE FORESTS

1. Harvesting of timber should be through the sale of stumpage to private industry, as far as possible. 2. The Forestry Department should produce and market forest products only where private organizations will not purchase stumpage and proper forestry practice requires the removal of the timber. 3. The Forestry Department should produce products, both rough and finished, that are required by it and other state agencies for their own use, as far as practicable.

EXPLANATION Among the primary purposes of the state forests (of Con- netcicut) are to produce high quality timber of large size and to demonstrate proper forestry practices. The justification for their purchase is the long period (50-100 years) required to grow a timber crop of good quality. Conti- nuity of ownership is necessary and this can only be positively insured by State ownership. The harvesting of the crop requires a very short time and no long period of ownership. Therefore, State functioning in harvesting is not required. Under these conditions the policy for the production of forest products should be: To have timber harvested through the sale of stumpage as far as possible.

Exceptions: 1. It has been found by experience that in the smaller sizes of timber, (small poles, posts, and cordwood) not enough can be sold to meet the requirements of proper forest practices. Therefore, it is necessary for the department itself to do a large part of the work of producing and marketing the low grade products. 2. The department should cut and manufacture such products, both rough and finished, as it and other state agencies require for their own use, as far as practicable. The basic principle underlying the policy is that State agencies should not enter into competition with private enterprise where such can be avoided. STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 41

APPENDIX

OPINION ADDRESSED TO HIS EXCELLENCY, RAYMOND E. BALDWIN, GOVERNOR, DATED SEPTEMBER 6, 1944:

Hon. Francis A. Pallotti, Attorney General

I have before me the letter written to you by the Hon. George C. Waldo, Chairman of the State Park and Forest Commission, in which Commissioner Waldo sets forth the opposite views held by the members of his Commission regarding the extent of authority of the Park and Forest Commission over the Forester and the Forestry Division under existing statutes. Because it is important for the relationship of the Commission and the Forester that all doubts on this matter be resolved, he requests you to ask the Attorney General for an opinion on the subject. As it appears from the aforementioned letter, some members of the Commission hold the view that the Commission appoints the Forester and has a general, broad, and somewhat vague authority in laying down broad policies for the management of the forests, but aside from that, the Commission has little direct control over the Forester or his actions, except that it may dispense with his services in case of dissatisfaction. This viewpoint is based upon the fact that the Forester is appointed by the Com- mission to an office created by statute and not to an office created by the Commission. Also, his duties are prescribed and he is charged by statute with enforcement of laws pertaining to forestry. The view of other members of the Commission is that the Commission has and may exercise complete and unquestioned authority over the Forestry Division. The holders of this view point to the fact that all of the appropriations for the maintenance and acquisition of our forests are made not to the Forester, but to the State Park and Forest Commission, which is responsible to the Governor and the Legislature for the proper use of such appropriations. Furthermore, the various statutes pertaining to forests bristle with directions that the Forester shall be guided by the Commission and that the plain intent of the statutes is that the Commission shall exercise complete and unquestioned authority over the Forestry Division. I am inclined to agree with the latter view. It seems to me that the former view cannot be maintained in the face of the provisions of Section 2173 of the General Statutes. This section not only provides for the appointment of the Forester by the Com- mission, but also provides that the Forester shall be "RESPONSI- BLE" to the Commission for the performance of his duties. The term "responsible" does not permit a construction that he is on 42 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT an equal basis with the Commission. In using this term the Leg- islature evidenced an intent that the Commission be his superior in all matters pertaining to his office. Webster defines the term "responsible," among others, as "2. Liable to respond; likely to be called upon to answer; accountable; answerable; amenable; as, a guardian is responsible to the court for his conduct in the office." In Corpus Juris, Vol. 54 p.727, the following definition is given: "Responsible. A word of many different meanings. In one sense the word is synonymous with accountable; as accountable to a judge, master, creditor, rules, or rightful superior; answerable, legally or morally for the discharge of a duty, trust, debt, service or other obligation." In applying the foregoing definitions to the term in our statute, we conclude that the State Park and Forest Commission has direct control and supervision over the Forester ahd the For- estry Division. It is contended that because the Forester's office is created by statute and his duties prescribed therein, he is of a different status from that of an ordinary appointee. This contention cannot be sustained. A perusal of our General Statutes discloses many statutes calling for the appointment of particular officers and prescribing their duties. For instance, there is the office of the State Entomologist. Section 2128 of the General Statutes. This statute calls for his appointment by the Board of Control of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station and also pre- scribes his particular duties. There is also the office of the State Ornithologist, whose appointment and duties are prescribed by statute. Section 2145 of the General Statutes. See also Sections 1975, 1978, 2203, 2351, 3104, 3105, 3243, and 3244, where the appointments and duties of certain other officials are prescribed. On the other hand, the fact that he is an appointee in the Classified Service gives him the same status as any other appointee under said service, and the fact that all appropriations for the Forestry Division are made through the Park and Forest Commission shows an intent on the part of the Legislature that the Forestry Division is a part of and is within the jurisdiction of the Park and Forest Commission. • It is therefore my opinion that the State Park and Forest Commission has complete and unquestioned authority and jurisdiction over the Forestry Division, as it has and maintains over the Park Division. GILLETTE CASTLE

STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 45

REPORT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STATE PARKS

To the Connecticut State Park and Forest Commission:

Gentlemen:

Very little has been accomplished on the state parks the past two years by way of improvement and the maintenance of buildings and equipment has not been what any-one of us would wish. However, the care of grounds has been maintained nearer to what it should be, all due to the interest and work done by the men who have the care and responsibility of the parks. All of the park superintendents and caretakers have been very short of men to help them and in some cases they have had to carry on alone because of the demand on man power due to the war. Gillette Castle, Haddam Meadows, Haddam Island, Penwood, Rocky Glen, Whittemore Glen and eleven miles of Connecticut Bridle Path, making seven new areas have been added to the state park system without one cent being added to state park appropriation for their maintenance, improvements and major repairs. However, at Gillette Castle by the "robbing Peter to pay Paul" method we paid for about one mile of park road over a new location to a parking ground near the Castle,'graded the parking- grounds, built two 4-room toilets, drove an artesian well approximately 125 feet deep to supply drinking water and made some alteration in the Castle to care for the visitors as well as to protect the contents of the building. The Castle was opened to visitors July 25 with over eleven thousand tickets sold up to the closing date, October 15, or rough- ly an average of about one thousand visitors a week. We are for- tunate in having a man as caretaker who had worked on the Wil- liam Gillette estate for years before it became a state park. His knowledge of the piping, wiring, buildings and grounds is valuable in the care and upkeep of this park. Penwood, the gift of Mr. Veeder, has so much value by way of buildings and ground improvement, that something had to be done toward its care. In order to do this, we took the caretaker and his helper who had worked for Mr. Veeder for years, obtain- ing the funds to carry on this care by the same financial method as above. At Haddam Meadows we repaired the small pavilion and cleaned the grounds around it. When we can afford a caretaker here he can also look out for Haddam Island to start with. 46 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

The Connecticut Bridle Path has had very little attention, but Whittemore Glen has had some attention without any drain on the state park payroll because we found a family who wanted to live in the small one story house on the park. We rented this house with the understanding that part of the rent was to be paid in looking out for the area around a small pool and a section of the road. This arrangement has worked out very satisfactorily from the park side of the trade.

ROCKY GLEN The play area of this park is occupied by a tenant who has life use of some buildings that stand on the only section where a picnic table could stand level. The remainder of the land comes up very steeply from the brook and is, or was, covered with some fine big hemlocks. Many of these trees had to be cut because they were dying or were dead, from the effects of an infestation of what is called the "hemlock looper." As there is no great loss without some gain, we had the timbers cut from these trees for the frame of the picnic shelter at Mashamoquet Brook.

MASHAMOQUET BROOK The 1941 Legislature appropriated $25,000 for acquisition and development for this park, effective July 1, 1941 to July 1, 1945. The project here is a small bathing pool. The water is piped from an elevation up the river and the over-flow piped back lower down, thereby assuring a steady supply regardless of freshets or low water periods. This river has never gone dry although the 4-inch pipe supplying the pool takes nearly all the water in the river at times. Because of the clay formation the bottom and shores had to be sanded to a depth of about six inches. A much larger car parking area was called for. To accom- plish this, the course of the river was straightened across the hill side of a bend in the river using the material to fill up the old river bed and level off about an acre for parking grounds. These grounds are just south of the pool with three self service dressing shelters containing ten rooms each. Two four-room toilets were built on the east side of this field and the park road had to be extended to this area. An artesian well 150 feet or more deep was driven to supply drinking water for this section of the park. There is a large picnic shelter so nearly completed that it can be mentioned at this time. Another artesian well about 200 feet deep was driven to supply drinking water to the northern section of the park as well as supplying the administration building. STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 47

OLD FURNACE GLEN This small town park is a gift from the town of Killingly to the state for a park, with (strange as it may seem) two $5,000 appropriations for acquisition and development. One of these appropriations expires July 1, 1945 and the other July 1, 1947. This sixteen acre park can grow to at least ten times its present size to good advantage for the best use by the people. About one half of the area has been cleared of hurricane damage. The dam of the small pond is temporarily repaired and will probably do for a number of years. Most of the stones are clear from the bottom of the pond and a generous amount of sandy gravel spread on the bottom and shores. An old sluiceway has been opened to divert another brook to help keep the pond full. These two streams held the water level up well even during the dry season. The short road was repaired and surfaced with gravel. One of the state park four room septic tank toilets was built. The spring is sealed off with concrete pipe and a hand pump supplied. An artesian well is called for here.

DEVIL'S HOPYARD A five room one story caretaker's house was built from salvage from structures taken down on other parks and from supplies on hand. We had to buy new paint and plaster. %

HAMMONASSET BEACH This is an army reservation and civilians have had no park use here for the past two years. When this park is turned back to us, all the structures will need major repairs including the board walk. The most economical way to handle the whole question would be to take down all the buildings and board walk along the beach, then start to remodel Hammonasset Beach State Park on an entirely new layout. Except for the board walk these pavilions are from sixteen to twenty-four years old and it was thought at the time they were built if they lasted ten years they would have served their purpose. So it can be said that these buildings owe the state nothing. The temporary payroll (not the seasonal payroll) has always been a weak spot in development of Connecticut state parks. Be- cause of the lack of funds, for years we have had to lay off men during the second and third quarters of the fiscal years. This means that nearly all work stops on improvements, major repairs or replacements on the state parks. There is a great deal of this type of work to do which, if accomplished, will contribute greatly 48 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT to the pleasure of the people using the state park and to their health and safety. There is another side to this condition that possibly is not realized which is, that from October 1 to March 31, the park superintendents and caretakers are left without sufficient assistance to carry on essential projects because of insufficient funds fox- temporary employees. This is not only serious from the work standpoint but is very detrimental to the morale of the men. Perhaps some day, it will be understood, that the Connecticut State Park system is a living, growing function of the state and needs financial sustenance twelve months each year just as well as the Highway, State Police, Health or any other state department. One reason for the above financial difficulty may be that a number of times during the past fifteen years the Appropriation Committee of the Legislature has allotted fairly generous sums for individual parks tied to a special park or project and the rest of the system has to get along with what it had the year before or sometimes a less amount. It has happened that good sized sums have been allotted to the State Forestry Department with some of the legislators thinking that the parks were to be benefitted. This same impres- sion has been carried on when large amounts were granted to the Commission on Forests & Wild Life, which again is of no help to the state parks as far as maintenance and development are concerned. Mr. Samuel F. Boynton, caretaker of Kent Falls State Park, died June 29, 1944. Mr. Boynton started work with us in the spring of 1926 and was the first caretaker of Kent Falls, beginning April 22, 1927, and did a very good job in caring for this active as well as scenic park. Mr. Albert M. Turner, former secretary of the Commission, died June 28, 1944. Mr. William T. Thuer, former caretaker at Sleeping Giant State Park, died October 31, 1944. The last two men named were on the retirement list, but they were true, loyal friends of the Connecticut State Parks as long as they lived.

Respectfully submitted,

A. W. PARKER, Superintendent, State Parks

December 7, 1944 STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 49

REPORT ON PARK ATTENDANCE During the period from 1927 to 1943 the average annual attendance at State Parks was 1,880,000, the last normal year being 1941 with an attendance of 2,550,000. The effects of the war as well as the pleasure driving ban cut park attendance in 1942 to 1,330,000 or about half. In 1943 it dropped still further to 280,000. With the removal of the pleasure driving ban and because of the intense desire of the public to again get into the open the attendance trend was reversed and by July 1944 had reached about 600,000. It is expected that with the termination of hostilities and a further return to normal that park attendance will soar rapidly, perhaps exceeding all previous records. ACQUISITION—STATE PARKS

RECENT LEGISLATION AFFECTING STATE PARKS 1943 SUPPLEMENT TO GENERAL STATUTES JANUARY SESSION, 1943

Sec. 30g. Alterations, repairs or additions to real assets. The comptroller shall have charge and supervision of the remodeling, alteration, repair or enlargement of any real asset involving an expenditure in excess of one thousand dollars. No officer, department, institution, board, commission or council of the state government, except the comptroller, shall, unless otherwise specifi- cally authorized by law, make or contract for the making of any alteration, repair or addition to any real asset involving an expenditure of more than one thousand dollars. Effective March 5, 1943.

Sec. 454g. Establishment of boundaries. The State Forest and Park Commission is authorized to establish the boundaries of any state park, state forest or other property under its jurisdiction by agreement with owners of adjoining property and may, with the approval of the governor, exchange land with such property owners and execute deeds in the name of the state for the purpose of establishing such boundaries.

Sec. 455g. Granting of leases for public purposes. The State Park and Forest Commission may, with the approval of the Governor, grant leases for public purposes to any public authority for any portion of any state forest or state park if said commission finds that such purposes are not in conflict with park or forest purposes. Effective May 5, 1943.

Special Acts, January Session, 1943

No. 490 An act concerning the development of the public park known as "The Old Furnace" in the Town of Killingly. The sum of five thousand dollars is appropriated to the State Park and Forest Commission for the development and expansion of the public park known as "The Old Furnace" in the town of Killingly. Approved June 30, 1943.

No. 514 An act making an appropriation to the State Park and For- est Commission for the purpose of purchasing Haddam Island. The sum of two thousand dollars is appropriated to the State Park and Forest Commission for the purpose of purchasing Had- STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 51 dam Island, and said commission is authorized to purchase said island in the name of the state and to use the same as a state park. Approved, June 30, 1943.

No. 543 An act making appropriations for the expenses of the state for the fiscal period ending June 30, 1945. Section 1. General Fund. Annual appropriations. The following sums are appropriated from the general fund for the objects hereinafter, specified for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1944, and for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1945, respectively, as designated:

STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION Park division Ordinary recurring expenses Personal services .$156,875 $156,875 Contractural services . 14,000 14,000 Supplies and materials . 17,000 17,000 Capital outlay Equipment other than office 800 1,900

188,675 189,775 Forest and forest Are division Ordinary recurring expenses Personal services 81,923 85,483 Contractural services 14,200 14,200 Supplies and materials ... 16,925 16,925 Fire control 25,000 25,000 Capital outlay Equipment other than office 9,300 9,700

$147,348 $151,308

$336,023 $341,083 $677,106

AUSTIN F. HAWES Former State Forester

STATE OF CONNECTICUT

REPORT

OF THE STATE FORESTER

FOR THE BIENNIUM ENDED

JUNE 30, 1944 56 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

REPORT OF THE STATE FORESTER

Raymond Kienholz

For the biennium ended June 30, 1944

THE BIENNIUM IN BRIEF

Austin F. Hawes retired as State Forester in April, 1944, to be succeeded by Raymond Kienholz, formerly silviculturist. Milton Stocking, formerly ranger on the Simsbury Forest, became For- est Fire Technician. Four farm foresters now cover the entire State and serve the needs of private land owners. This program has proven popular and the demand for the services of farm foresters is very heavy. Area of State Forests increased by 13,637 acres, double that of the previous biennium. Acreage now over 102,000 acres. Over a million board feet of stumpage sold from State For- ests. Nearly 53,000 bushels of charcoal produced in State-owned kilns. Most of this charcoal went into war industries. To correct the lack of labor a camp for training skilled woods workers has been set up. Preference will be given to returning veterans. Trained workers will be assured jobs in woods work. Lack of labor cut down the planting program to 200,000 trees. Over 515,000 trees for forest planting were sold to private land owners. Of these 30 per cent were sold to farmers. State-aid to Private Land Owners Act handicapped by lack of available labor. Experiments in use of hogged wood as fuel, gasogenes, chimney type charcoal kilns and portable buzz saws continued. Recreational use of forests greatly reduced by gas and tire shortages. Visitors numbered 165,000, one-third as many as in the previous biennium. Dry spring of 1942 increased total area in state burned to 9,993 acres (7.3 acres per fire). Three fires over 1,000 acres each. Spring fire season of 1943 was normal. Railroad caused fires have increased each year until they made up 18 per cent of the fires in 1943. STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 57

A new law has more than trebled the amount of fire suppression costs collected from persons starting fires. Under the Office of Civilian Defense, 125 groups totalling 2,911 persons took courses in fire prevention and control. These Forest Fire Fighters Service classes were very helpful in training fire fighters and in teaching prevention. Radio broadcasting of forest fire weather forecasts over seven stations was resumed in the spring of 1944. About 864 separate broadcasts were made. Eight old C.C.C. camps and two Federal Transient camps now belong to the Department. Three still belong to other agencies. Full plans for postwar development of the State Forests have been made. Forest investigations are continuing along lines previously laid down.

FORESTS AND THE WAR EFFORT

Orders for war goods increased the demand for labor and long before the last Civilian Conservation Corps camp was dis- banded in June, 1942, the Corps was greatly depleted in strength. With the passing of the Corps, the work on the State Forests took a tremendous drop. It was with a sigh of relief on the part of the supervising personnel followed by an increasing realization of the large amount of work the Corps had done and the emptiness left by its going. The effect of a decreasing labor supply became more and more evident as time went on. Its effect, particularly on fire control and on forest stand improvement and maintenance, became more painfully clear. This has gone on throughout the biennium and shows few signs of letting up. Lack of labor has greatly affected the work of the Forestry Department during the past two years. Gas and tire rationing and the ban on pleasure driving reduced recreational Use of forests to a minimum. Although care has had to be exercised in the use of gas, tires and other scarce commodities, no real hardship has been suffered, nor has any cur- tailment of really essential work occurred because of the war. Instead there has been increased support of our forest fire fighting forces through additional Federal aid and increased State interest and support. Increased demand raised the price of stumpage, logs, lumber, cordwood and other forest products. This stimulated sales on the part of private land owners. The Forestry Department combed its stands for trees large enough to be harvested and 60 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT made a number of sales of stumpage. It has, however, always cut conservatively and on a partial-cut basis, leaving the forests in excellent condition for future growth. The Army made active use of a number of the State Forests for bivouac areas for training purposes. Several of the Depart- ment's lookout towers were used by the Army as observation posts. For a time our own tower observers cooperated with the U. S. Forest Service and the Army in reporting the flights of air- planes as part of the Aircraft Warning Service. Use of the radio during the fire season was curtailed and a code system had to be devised. This had its advantages in that it compelled our personnel to restrict their use of the air to short messages. Restrictions on the broadcasting of fire weather forecasts were also imposed and no such broadcasts were made until the spring fire season of 1944, when they were resumed. Special fire funds were made available to protect areas of particular military value and detailed plans for a number of such areas were made. The lack of manpower hindered this work somewhat, but the need for special protection was fortunately not very great in Connecticut.

ADMINISTRATION AND PERSONNEL

This biennium marked the retirement of Austin F. Hawes as State Forester and State Forest Fire Warden after 28 years of service. Appointed in 1904 he served for five years. Returning to the State in 1921 he advanced the interests of forestry within the State until his retirement on March 31, 1944. During his years as State Forester, he had consistently and against all pres- sure from without or from within, adhered to the very highest standards of professional forestry. This has been recognized by his fellow foresters all over the country, and he retired with their highest regard and esteem. Because of his uncompromising adherence to these high standards, forest protection and forest practice in the State were of the best and Connecticut was recognized as one of the most progressive States in the Union in forestry. His good judgment and advice will be missed by his friends and colleagues and particularly by the members of the Department of Forestry. Upon the retirement of Mr. Hawes, W. C. Shepard, Forest Products Technician, was appointed Acting State Forester during February and March, 1944. In the meantime, a Merit System examination was held to choose his successor. Raymond Kien- holz, former Silviculturist was appointed and took office as State Forester and State Forest Fire Warden on April 1, 1944. It becomes his duty, therefore, to prepare this biennial report. The reorganization of the forest fire work was carried further following the resignation of C. H. Lathrop as Assistant State STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 59

Forest Fire Warden in April, 1943. An examination for Forest Fire Technician was held and the highest ranking candidate, Milton C. Stocking, formerly ranger on the Simsbury Forest, was appointed to that position on October 1, 1943. His duties are similar to those of the other technicians in the department, who act as advisers to the State Forester in matters pertaining to forest engineering, forest products and silviculture. All phases of forest fire control are now under the State Forest Fire Warden who works through the District Foresters, Rangers and Wardens with the advice and help of the Forest Fire Technician. The vacant position of Silviculturist has not yet been filled. Two changes were made in the ranks of the Rangers during the biennium. William B. Weed was appointed to take Mr. Stock- ing's place as Ranger in the Massacoe (Simsbury) Forest Area on December 1, 1943. Ranger Francis Wood of the Meshomasic For- est Area joined the Army and his place was taken, for the dura- tion, by G. K. Burwood on December 1, 1943. One of the most promising developments in private forestry has been that of farm forestry. Developed under the Clarke- McNary and Norris-Doxey Acts, two Farm Foresters were first employed in the northwestern and northeastern parts of the State. They were appointed on the basis of half their salary and expenses being paid by the Soil Conservation Service and half by the State. The State Department of Finance and Con- trol objected to this arrangement, since the men were neither all State nor all Federal. A compromise was finally reached where- by the Soil Conservation Service finances one Farm Forester completely, while the State finances another Farm Forester completely to offset. Similarly the U. S. Forest Service now finances one and the State another to offset. These four Farm Foresters now cover the entire State. (Figure 1.) E. L. Pearson has worked in the northwestern part of the State since March 1, 1941. The northeastern part of the State was served by Mr. G. LeClerc from May, 1942 to September, 1942 and later by Mr. R. K. Daley, the present Farm Forester, whose district has been increased in size. Mr. G. A. Cromie has been Farm Forester since November 16, 1942, first in the west central part of the State, and later in the southwestern part, and Mr. A. W. Hurford since December, 1943, in the central part. The Farm Foresters work under a cooperative agreement between the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the State Forester and the Extension Forester at the University of Connecticut. They cooperate closely with the District Foresters; Mr. Pearson having his office with District Forester Parker at Pleasant Valley, and Mr. Daley with District Forester Winch at West Willington. Mr. Hurford has his office at Hartford, and Mr. Cromie at New Haven. Their work has succeeded in arousing greatly increased interest among private landowners in better forest practice in their woodlands. 60 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

ACQUISITION OF STATE FORESTS

The area of the state forests was increased by 13,636.8 acres during the biennium, bringing the total to 102,449.5 acres of which 10,769.1 acres is leased from the Federal Government. This marked increase, double that of the previous biennium, was a result of the large appropriation of $400,000 allotted to the Com- mission on Forests and Wild Life by the 1943 General Assembly. Acquisition consisted of purchase of 12,176.2 acres, gifts of 10 acres, exchanges of 76.4 acres, and transfers from the State Board of Fisheries and Game of 1,374.2 acres. The only gift was on the Mohawk State Forest, where Charles B. Curtis gave a 10 acre tract. In the last biennial report a 20 acre exchange on the Nepaug State Forest was reported through error. The present report includes this 20 acres. Several exchanges were made, some of which added and others subtracted acreage. On the Cockaponset State Forest an exchange with Thomas C. Hood resulted in a net loss of 9.4 acres, although better consolidation resulted from the exchange. Another exchange, with Romeo Scranton, resulted in a net gain of 25 acres when an isolated place was exchanged for one adjoining a larger tract. On the Nassahegon State Forest, the Connecticut Power Company se- cured a right-of-way for which 40 acres of land was deeded to the State. On the Natchaug State Forest, Florence W. Latham exchanged six acres, and F. U. and C. Spink, four acres, for timber. On the Nipmuck State Forest, Julius Wetstone deeded 104 acres to the State in exchange for a like acreage on the Shen- ipsit State Forest for agricultural purposes. The land on the Shenipsit was part of the Shakers pine plantation. All transfers were from the State Board of Fisheries and Game, 245 acres on the Natchaug and 1,128.2 acres on the Salmon River State Forests.

SUMMARY OF LAND ACQUISITION State Forest Area as of June 30, 1942 78,043.6 acres Added by purchase 12,176.2 acres Added by gift 10.0 acres Added by exchange 76.4 acres Added by transfer 1,374.2 acres

Total 91,680.4 acres No new land was leased from the Federal Government during the biennium. This leased land is being administered in the same way as the State-owned land and a yearly report rendered. It is hoped that the leased land will be turned over to State ownership and the difficulties of separate administration eliminated. SUMMARY OF LAND UNDER JURISDICTION OF THE DEPARTMENT State Owned 91,680.4 acres State Leased 10,769.1 acres

Total .102,449.5 acres STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 61

NASSAHEGON STATE FOREST One new forest was established during the biennium. By vote of the Commission on September 9, 1942, the southern part of the Nepaug State Forest was set off to form the Nassahegon State Forest. The two widely separated areas had for years been considered one forest, but since much of the land between is owned by the Water Bureau of the Metropolitan District of Hartford there is little, if any, chance of connecting them. It was, therefore, deemed advisable to recognize two separate purchase areas. The name Nassahegon was the name of an Indian chief residing in the area covered by the forest.

MASSACOE STATE FOREST The Simsbury State Forest, one of the oldest in the State, was finally given an Indian name "Massacoe" in conformity with the general policy of naming State Forests. Massacoe was the old Indian name for Simsbury and is made up of two Indian words meaning "great outlet," used to designate the place where Hop Brook runs into the Farmington River.

QUADDICK STATE FOREST Although the Quaddick is not a new forest, it was not for- 62 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT merly listed, since it was entirely purchased by the Federal Gov- ernment under the Rural Resettlement Administration and then leased to the State on a long-term lease. The name is the term- inal part of an Indian word meaning "at the round hill." The name is already in use locally for a village and for a reservoir.

LEASED LAND For the first time, all the forest land, whether leased, or owned outright is included in the biennial report in the tabula- tion of acreages. (Table 1.) The Quaddick State Forest, composed entirely of land leased to the State by the Federal Government is, therefore, listed here for the first time. Similarly on the Pachaug and Salmon River State Forests the acreages owned are indicated and those held under a long-term lease are also listed with an (L) following the first name. This seems wise, since the leased land is being handled in the same way as the State-owned land except that a detailed accounting is made yearly to the Federal Government.

TABLE NO. 1—AREA OP STATE FORESTS, JUNE 30, 1944 Total Total July 1,'42 Purchase Gift Exchange Trans. June 30, '44 Algonquin 1,459.77 — — .— — 1,459.77 American Legion .... 722.50 — — — — 722.50 Cockaponset 10.099.67 1,374.67 — 15.58 — 11,489.92 Housatonic 7,388.61 815.00 — — — 8,203.61 Massacoet 244.25 —. — — — 244.25 Mattatuck 3,092.99 —. — — — 3.092.99 Meshomasic .... 6.188.48 149.00 — — — 6,337.48 Mohawk 3,128.98 150.00 10.00 — — 3.288.98 Nassahegon — 83.00 — 40.00 1,202.13* 1,325.13 Natchaug 6,439.24 1,771.50 — 10.00 246.00 8,466.74 Naugatuck 2,637.00 — — — •— 2,637.00 Nehantic 2,539.70 — — — — 2.539.70 Nepaug 2,095.13 — — •— -1,202.13* 893.00 Nipmuck 3,070.57 356.00 — 104.00 ; 3,530.57 Nye-Hoi man 206.85 80.00 — — 286.85 Pachaug ....10,348.59 1,704.50 •— •— 12,053.09 Pachaug (L) .... 9.469.75 —• — — 9,469.75 Paugnut .... 1,457.05 454.00 — — 1,911.05 Peoples .... 2,985.77 — — — 2,985.77 Pootatuck .... 969.07 — — 10.80 979.87 Quaddick

88,812.73 102,449.53 •j-Formerly Simsbury ^Transferred from Nepaug to form Nassahegon Forest (L) Leased from Federal Government STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 63

PRODUCTION OF FOREST PRODUCTS

Stumpage—In an effort to produce more timber for war needs, over a million feet of stumpage was sold on the State For- ests (Table 2). The shortage of both day and contract labor greatly reduced the amount of logs cut (21,811 board feet) compared with the previous biennium (561,939 board feet). However, the large amount of stumpage sold this biennium more than offset this difference. Of the total cordage cut (6,800 cords) over 5,000 cords, or 75 per cent, was sold as stumpage. The loss of the CCC also greatly reduced the amount of cordwood cut over previous years. In fact, the total cordage produced (both cut by the State and sold as stumpage) during 1942-44 was about 40 per cent of that produced in 1940-42 and fell far short of the amount which should be cut for the good of the forest. If the State Forests are to be kept at the highest level of productivity, a larger labor force must be employed to increase the annual cut of fuelwood particularly. Lumber and Sawmill Operations—Practically all one and two inch hardwood lumber left from the 1938 hurricane salvage operations at Meshomasic and Cockaponset State Forests was sold during the winter of 1942 and 1943. This amounted to 241,600 board feet and gave a return to the Department for these two operations of $7,214.68. During the biennium 1942-44, the sawmill at Mohawk was operated only for sawing departmental lumber. Those at Cock- aponset and Natchaug were not used at all. 34,800 board feet was produced at the Mohawk mill. Charcoal Operations—The three charcoal kilns on the Pa- chaug, Meshomasic and Cockaponset Forests were operated inter- mittently during the two years 1942-44, and produced 52,800 bushels of charcoal from 1,044 Vz cords of wood, an average production of 50 y2 bushels per cord. There was a profit on this operation of $3,298.45 or $3.15 per cord more than would have been obtained by selling the wood itself. Most of this charcoal has been sold and used in the production of war materials. Experiments in the use of a chimney with the kilns indicate that much less attention is necessary to burn the kiln and that deterioration of the kilns from acid in the vapor will be laregly eliminated. Because of these results, the new kiln being constructed on the Tunxis Forest has been equipped with a chimney. 4 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

TABLE NO. 2—PRODUCTS CUT PROM STATE FORESTS—JULY 1, 1942-JUNE 30, 1944 Fuelwood Poles and Posts Logs Total Cords Number Board Feet Converted Forest Cut Stumpage Cut Stumpage Cut Stumpage in Cords

Algonquin . 21 27 — —, .—. 66,238 180 American Legion 7 23 — 270 37 Cockaponset . 426 637 56 1,962 — 103,240 1,320 Housatonic . 15 1 .— — 74,700 165 Mattatuck 2 27 .— — 29 Meshomasic 6 97 — 62 770 122,000 351 Mohawk . 250 26 15 .— 13,141 302 Nassahegon 3 49 — •— — — 52 Natchaug . 100 4 — — — 236,293 577 Naugatuck . 27 51 — — — — 78 Nehantic — 75 — -— — 147,710 370 Nepaug : 2 20 — — — 5,000 32 Nipmuck 9 47 ' -— 300 •—• — 64 Nye-Holman 2 — ; — — — .— 2 Pachaug . 267 892 120 652 — 111,868 1,402 Paugnut — 136 •— — .—• 6,666 149 Peoples . 136 11 — 25 7,800 — 164 Pootatuck — 20 — — >— — 20 Quaddick . — 30 •— •— — 8,000 46 Salmon River — 73 — 144 — 21,000 119 Shenipsit 6 367 — 100 — 1,300 378 Simsbury 1 21 -— — — — 22 Tunxis . 495 95 — 230 100 175,390 947

Wyantenock • — — — — — — Total .77.: 2,729 191 3,745 21,811 1,079,405 6,806

REFORESTATION

The shortage of labor reduced the number of trees planted on the State Forests to a little over 200,000 compared to over 770,000 in the previous biennium (Table No. 3). White pine continues to be the species most frequently planted, with red pine a close second. Scotch pine was used very little and then chiefly on very dry, sterile sites and in mixtures. New acquisitions of land for forest purposes will increase the acreage needing planting, but a very extensive planting program will probably not be necessary. STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 65

TABLE NO. 3—SPECIES OF TREES PLANTED IN THE STATE FORESTS- JULY 1, 1942 - JUNE 30, 1944

o 02 o OS V li cai W -H S CD £ 31 .M 0) 60 CD a ^ f- a J3 " a QJ S £ a g.S C CD « £ o -Ko 54 tf ft m ft 65 co > 9 w 03 £ £ft > m ft Q ftm ft ft EH Algonquin — — American Legion — — Cockaponset 2,000 16,000 1,000 — — 1,000 — 20,000 Housatonic — — Massacoe — — Mattatuck — — Meshomasic 1,250 12,000 800 14,050 Mohawk — — — — — — Nassahegon — — — — — Natchaug 9,500 14,200 — 200 3,760 200 1,000 2,000 30,860 Naugatuck * — — — — — — — — — Nehantic 3,500 2,450 — 2,000 1,550 — — — — 9,500 Nepaug — — — — — — — — — Nipmuck 800 4,300 — — — — — — — 5.100 Nye-Holman 4,900 150 — — — — — — — 5,050 Pachaug 25,750 33,150 5,100 2,500 2,400 — — 8,000 — 76,900 Paugnut — — — — — — — — — Peoples 3,500 2,300 — — — — 500 9,000 — 15,300 Pootatuck — — — •— —• — — — — Quaddick 7,500 5,500 — — — — — — — 13,000 Salmon River 9,400 9,550 700 ~ — — — — — 19,650 Shenipsit — — — — — — — — •— Tunxis — — — -— •— — — — — Wyantenock — — — — — — — — — Total 68,100 99,600 6,600 4,700 8,710 200 500 18,000 1,000 2,000 209,410

STATE AID TO PRIVATE LAND OWNERS ACT

The 1943 General Assembly passed a law, (Sections 456g-460g) appropriating $100,000 for carrying out forest stand improvement work on privately owned land and $50,000 for reforestation on privately owned land. This money became available in October, 1943. The law provides that the State Forester shall supply men and equipment to do this work. The land owner shall pay for the logs or cordwood produced at the prevailing local rates for such material. In the case of reforestation the land owner fur- nishes the stock and pays the State for one-half the cost of the work. Money received goes back into the fund. A procedure was worked out for carrying out the provisions of this law, but the lack of labor has seriously handicapped the work. Up to July 1, 1944, only a small amount of work was done, but sime that time considerably more work has been performed. As labor becomes more abundant, a great deal more work can be accomplished. 66 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

Four planting jobs were completed in the spring of 1944. A total of 16,000 trees were planted on 16 acres at a cost of $180.40 for planting, transportation and supervision. The trees were purchased by the landowner. Under the terms of the law the landowner paid back to the State one-half the cost of the work, or $90.20. It is difficult to determine just how this law will work out, until such time as labor becomes abundant enough to really give it a trial. It seems desirable, therefore, to continue the appropriations for another two years. Also the law should be amended to allow work which yields no products, such as weeding and prun- ing, to be carried out with the landowner paying one-half the cost of the work, as in the planting part of the Act.

WOOD UTILIZATION ACTIVITIES

Emergency Wood Fuel Cutting—The possibility that the railroads could not move sufficient coal and oil into New England to meet domestic and manufacturing needs, when water transportation was practically eliminated because of the war caused much concern. A program to encourage wood cutting for fuel purposes by the individual home owner was inaugurated in the summer of 1942 to try to relieve any critical scarcity of fuel. This program, however, resulted in only a small amount of fuel wood being cut. The general public, even in the rural communities could not be awakened to the danger of a coal or oil shortage. Again in the fall of 1943 an effort was made to stimulate wood cutting, but with little result, especially since the critical shortage predicted for the previous winter did not occur. Apparently the public has become so accustomed to a good supply of coal and oil that it cannot be awakened to the danger of no home heat except by the actual experience. Legislation—The issuance, by the O. P. A., of ceiling prices for fuelwood and regulations for its measurement stimulated interest in legislation for legalizing methods of measurement. To that end a bill was introduced in the Legislature specifying that the standard cord for Connecticut should be 128 cubic feet of compactly piled wood regardless of the length of the sticks. The bill also provided for the seller to leave a slip with the purchaser stating the quantity of wood delivered in terms of a cord or a frac- tional part of it. This bill failed of passage. Such a measure should be on the statute books, as there is much fraud in selling wood. A bill sponsored by this Department making the Internation- al Log Rule the legal rule for the measurement of logs was passed and will be used in all cases of dispute. Experimental Work—Installation of the equipment for burning chipped wood referred to in the biennial report for 1940-42 STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 67

was finally completed at the Niantic State Farm for Women before cold weather set in. The North Building was heated by it for the first three weeks of October, and two boiler tests were run. While final results of these tests have not been fully developed, they did show that the building could readily be heated by wood. Because of the shortage of labor which would make uncertain the supply of wood during cold weather, the experiment was discontinued on October 22. It is planned to make a longer test in the fall of 1945, if labor is available to determine actual costs under winter conditions. Reducing the cost of wood has long been a project of the Forestry Department, because of its vital bearing on the silvicul- tural handling of forest land. Studies have shown that fuelwood can be handled cheaper from the stump to the roadside in the full tree length than when cut up in the woods, piled and loaded on to a sled. A standard "drag" saw rig was converted into a horizontal swing circular saw and tests were made on the Cockaponset For- est in cutting up full length trees to 15 inches in diameter at the butt and 40 feet long. These tests showed the practicability of such a method, provided the rig could be made portable. There- fore, construction of a similar rig mounted on an old IV2 ton truck was authorized and is now nearly completed. Gasogenes—For some years the State Forester has attempted to interest the U. S. Forest Service in testing various gasogenes (wood gas producers) for use in generating gas for running both stationary and automotive equipment. Failing in this, a wood- burning producer of Brazilian make was bought through the Gen- eral Motors Corporation. This unit was installed on a regular IV2 ton platform body truck having a six cylinder engine. Preliminary tests were made with both wood and charcoal. The truck was made to run with both fuels, but with too little power for running up grade satisfactorily. Further experiments and tests have been made to determine the practicability of gasogenes for our conditions. The principal benefit will be to become familiar with this equipment so that it may be adapted to stationery engines. It will not sup- plant gasoline for automobiles at present prices. As much information as possible is being obtained on power saws for felling and cutting up timber. So far no satisfactory one for general use in our small timber has been found, although six or seven are now on the market here or in Canada.

RECREATION

The number of visitors to the State Forests during the biennium 1942-44 was greatly reduced (165,000) over the previous biennium (462,000). The details of the picture are very confused. 68 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

The gas and tire shortage plus the ban on pleasure driving cut attendance drastically during 1943, but the lifting of the ban caused a distinct increase in attendance during the spring of 1944 which became even greater after July, 1944. In forests far from centers of population, such as Cockapon- set and Natchaug, the ban on travel cut down the attendance sharply while in forests close to cities such as the Paugnut and the Massacoe Forests the attendance held up fairly well. Present indications are that the people, pent up during the war, will flood the forests with visitors when the dams of rationed gas, rationed tires and scarcity of new cars break. Paugnut Forest—As a result of the interest of the people of Torrington and vicinity, a bill was passed by the 1943 General Assembly appropriating $10,000 for the development of an area on Burr Pond, Paugnut Forest, for recreational purposes. A road 2,075 feet long was built from the town road into the beach and a parking area for 50 cars was leveled off and graveled. Later in the summer 200 cubic yards of sand was placed on the beach. The beach will be extended to twice its present area and additional bath houses and a pavilion are contemplated.

FOREST FIRES DURING 1942 AND 1943

The calendar year of 1942 was a fairly normal year with 1,363 fires, but the area burned over was 9,993 acres, an exceptionally large acreage (Table No. 4). This was due to several large fires in the eastern part of the State (Table 10). The dry year of 1941 in which there was a cumulative deficit of precipitation of 11.90 inches at the end of the year was a serious hazard in itself. This deficit continued into the spring of 1942, producing dry conditions which resulted in several serious fires in late April (Table No. 10). The Sterling fire which caused much damage ran into Rhode Island and burned over a very large acreage. The large cost of extinguishing probably includes work done by Con- necticut crews in fighting fires in Rhode Island. Two other fires in Groton and near the Pachaug State Forest were both over 1,000 acres. This brought the area per fire up to the unusually high figure of 7.3 acres. Fall rains improved conditions somewhat so the 1943 spring season was less hazardous, but the number of fires was larger (1,640), while the acreage burned was smaller (7,931), (Table No. 5). No large fires over 200 acres occurred during the year (Table No. 11). One 175 acre fire in October was unusual. Because of rendering fire bills to the various counties for fires within their bounds, all records of fires are kept by counties. This, however, gives no idea as to the number of fires by ranger areas which overlap county lines. The various ranger areas vary STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 69 widely in size (Table No. 12) and in population. The average number per year for the 10 year period (1934-1944) is given in Table No. 12. Records by ranger areas for a period of years will enable us to analyze the fire problem more fully and help to arrive at its solution. The problem is a complicated one involving as it does not only the efficiency of the ranger, but the density and character of the population, the fire hazards of the area and the effec- tiveness and cooperation of the local fire departments and courts of law. Dispatching—The spring of 1943 marked the first year that fire dispatching was entirely in the hands of the district foresters with the southern district served by E. C. Winch of the eastern district as dispatcher. Patrolman Schools—There was a tendency to increase the number of patrolmen and to give them more and better training for their jobs. This has taken the form of more frequent meetings or schools in which certain elements of their duties are taught and discussed with mutual benefit to the patrolmen and the supervisory force.

TABLE NO. 4—NUMBER OF FIRES BY CAUSE, AREA AND DAMAGE—1942 Number Area Burned Damage Cause Fires Per Cent Acres Reported

Lightning 1 — — — Railroad 121 9 526 $ 1,495 Camp Fire 26 1 148 507 Smokers 409 30 2818 7,395 Debris Burning 356 26 1183 9,769 Incendiary 74 6 1722 8,813 Miscellaneous 373 27 1848 5.241 Lumbering 3 1 1748 11,602 Unknown — — — — Total 1363 100 9993 $44,822 Average area per fire--7.3 acres

TABLE NO. 5—NUMBER OF FIRES BY CAUSE, AREA, AND DAMAGE—1943 Number Area Burned Damage Cause Fires Per Cent Acres Reported

Lightning 1 — •— — Railroad 277 18 1680 $ 5,843 Camp Fire 19 1 79 288 Smokers 340 21 1136 3,329 Debris Burning 439 27 2061 6,350 Incendiary 53 3 456 1.449 Miscellaneous 506 30 2488 14,771 Lumbering 5 — 31 4 Unknown — — —

Total 1640 100 7931 $32,034 Average area per fire--4.8 acres 70 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

TABLE NO. 6—NUMBER OF FIRES BY COUNTIES—1942 Under % to 10 to 100 to County Vi acre 10 acres 100 acres 200 acres Total

Fairfield 6 214 37 —. 257 Hartford 34 162 12 — 208 Litchfield 9 143 8 — 160 Middlesex 2 21 6 — 29 New Haven 17 294 20 1 332 New London 12 132 32 3 179 Tolland 5 74 7 — 86 Windham 13 86 11 2 112

Total 98 1126 133 6 1363 Per Cent 7.3 82.6 9.7 .4 100

TABLE NO. 7—NUMBER OF FIRES BY COUNTIES—1943 Under % to 10 to 100 to County % acre 10 acres 100 acres 200 acres Total

Fairfield 19 228 40 — 287 Hartford 36 190 26 — 252 Litchfield 46 104 16 — 166 Middlesex 1 39 7 — 47 New Haven 25 318 44 4 391 New London 36 162 39 4 241 Tolland 19 71 12 •— 102 Windham 19 117 18 — 154

Total 201 1229 202 8 1640 Per Cent 12 75 12 1 100

TABLE NO. 8—NUMBER OF FIRES BY RANGER AREA—1942 Under % to 10 to 100 to Ranger Area % acre 10 acres 100 acres 200 acres Total

Cockaponset 12 123 7 — 142 Meshomasic . 4 38 3 — 45 Mohawk . 7 65 5 — 77 Natchaug .10 42 5 — 57 Naugatuck .... . 4 187 12 1 204 Nepaug .32 156 13 — 201 Pachaug . 7 69 17 2 95 Pootatuck .... . 6 213 38 —. 257 Quaddick . 4 56 6 2 68 Salmon River . 7 75 19 1 102 Shenipsit . 5 68 5 — 78 Tunxis — 34 3 — 37

Total .98 1126 133 6 1363 STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 73

TABLE NO. 9-—NUMBER OF FIRES BY RANGER AREA—1943 Under % to 10 to 100 to Ranger Area Vi acre 10 acres 100 acres 200 acres Total Cockaponset 13 172 15 1 201 Meshomasic 4 19 3 26 Mohawk 33 53 11 97 Natchaug 10 56 9 — 75 Naugatuck 22 162 26 3 213 Nepaug 28 184 31 — 243 Pachaug 16 78 22 2 118 Pootatuck 19 228 40 .—. 287 Quaddick 13 73 10 — 96 Salmon River 22 107 24 2 155 Shenipsit 18 70 8 ; 96 Tunxis 3 27 3 — 33

Totals 201 1229 202 8 1640 Note: Ranger Areas given name of most important state forest within them.

TABLE NO. 10—LARGE FIRES—100 ACRES AND OVER—1942 Estimated Cost of Number District Date Area Damage Extinguishing 1 Groton April 26 1648 $3,500 $1,997,78 2 Killingly April 30 204 596 647.01 3 Montville March 28 143 250 145.95 4 Pachaug April 25 1723 11,350 2,631.44 5 Sterling April 30 1515 800 8,232.53

TABLE NO. 11—LARGE FIRES—100 ACRES AND OVER—1943 Estimated Cost of Number District Date Area Damage Extinguishing 1 Beacon Falls April 11 150 — 64.40 2 Beacon Falls April 26 135 $500 203.65 3 Beacon Falls Oct. 11 175 200 1,163.62 4 Guilford April 29 137 550 103.38 5 ' Groton April 11 121 242 280.96 6 Montville April 4 180 150 1,092.40 7 Stonington March 25 100 3,500 97.60 8 Waterford April 26 103 310 242.14

TABLE NO. 12—FIRES BY RANGER AREAS Average No. Fires Per Year Ranger Area No. Districts Ranger 10 years-1934-1944 Cockaponset 14 ^H. A. McKusick 150 Meshomasic 7 G. K. Burwood 45 Mohawk 15 H. T. Hubbell 76 Natchaug 7 R. G. Bunnell 45 Naugatuck 16 J. C. Greene 232 Nepaug 17 W. B. Weed 203 Pachaug 7 A. G. Abbott 86 Pootatuck 18 W. W. Wollack 258 Quaddick 7 M. N. Hadfield 69 Salmon River 16 C. W. Standish 112 Shenipsit 9 C. B. Bidwell 60 Tunxis 7 A. J. Brooks 53

Total 140 1389 74 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

TABLE NO. 13—FIRE CREWS BY RANGER AREA 1942 1943 Ranger Area No. Crews No. Men No. Crews No. Men Districts Cockaponset 7 162 5 87 7 Meshomasic 4 82 5 162 5 Mohawk 35 406 42 524 12 Natchaug 17 , 195 18 240 7 Naugatuck 30 364 31 396 12 Nepaug 68 790 i 53 606 16 Pachaug 17 221 33 433 6 Pootatuck 21 282 19 249 10 Quaddick 16 195 21 266 7 Salmon River 27 317 31 363 15 Shenipsit 19 245 32 421 9 Tunxis 14 197 25 322 7

Total 275 3456 315 4096 113

Causes—The increase in railroad fires during recent years is the most remarkable change in the causes of forest fires. Years ago railroads were a very large cause of fires. In 1921, 32.8 per cent and in 1924, 26 per cent of all fires were caused by railroads. This gradually fell off until in 1938, railroads caused only 2 per cent of the fires. This figure gradually rose as the war brought about increased railroad traffic as follows: 1939 - 5; 1940 - 4; 1941 - 6; 1942 - 9; 1943 - 18. The shortage of labor prevented the railroads from burning their rights-of-way as thoroughly as they usually have in the past. This fact coupled with increased use of all types of equipment, some of it old and in poor repair, were the chief causes of the increase. In the spring of 1944, Forest Fire Technician Stock- ing rode all over the railroad lines in the state and marked on right-of-way maps those places which should be burned. Our rangers and wardens organized crews and worked with the track supervisors to help burn off miles of right-of-way, thus un- doubtedly preventing many fires from getting started. The cost of this work was borne by the railroad company.

COLLECTION OF FIRE SUPPRESSION COSTS

The 1943 General Assembly passed a bill enabling the State to recover "from the person causing such fire," "any sum not exceeding two hundred dollars necessarily expended by the State for extinguishing any grass, brush or forest fire"— Heretofore our collections were made on a voluntary basis and were small in amount. The collections recently made amount to: 1942 , $1528 1943 2151 1944 (to Oct. 1) 5131 STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 73

The power to collect should act as a strong deterrent in preventing fires from starting. The year 1944 was the first year the law really was in full effect. The 1943 collections increased as a result of the knowledge that the law had been passed early in 1943 and would go into effect in October, 1943.

FOREST FIRE FIGHTERS SERVICE

The Office of Civilian Defense created as one of its activities the Forest Fire Fighters Service with David Godwin as national coordinator, and a coordinator in each State; for Connect- icut, the State Forester. Local coordinators were appointed for each town. These coordinators and the rangers organized groups in various parts of the State. Persons from 16 to 60 were admit- ted and a large number of women and girls were included in the groups. Some groups were organized in the High Schools, Boys' Clubs, Scout Troops, while others were adult groups in the different communities. These groups met each week for a two-hour discussion until the seven lessons outlined had been covered. Lessons consisted of: (1) Use of hand equipment in fighting forest fires. (2) Forest fire crew organization. (3) Where to attack a forest fire. (4) Rural building fire control. Power equipment on forest fires. (5) How forest fires are detected. (6) Preven- tion of forest fires. (7) Safety precautions. Departmental organization. The standards of instruction were high. Most of the groups were led by the forest rangers, although some help was obtained from wardens, local fire chiefs, Red Cross workers and others. Certificates and arm bands were given to all completing the course. A lively interest was shown in the work and many persons learned the fundamentals of fire prevention and control. Start- ing in the fall of 1942 a large number of courses were given during the winter. A smaller number were given during the summer months and during the winter of 1943-44. Here are some pertinent figures:

STATE GUARD RESERVES

The State Guard Reserves expressed a desire to assist in forest fire control. In February, 1944, Col. Joseph P. Nolan of the Adjutant General's Office called the leaders of the several Reserve Companies in the State together and explained the need for help. The State Forester and his assistants eventually gave a full course training to seven such units at Baltic, Burlington, East Granby, Glastonbury, Middletown, Jewett City and Thompson. Some 24 other units were organized with partial training. Several of these crews responded to fire calls and did good work. 74 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

Organization No. of Groups No. of Persons Completing Course Adult groups 80 1725 High Schools 32 927 Boy Scouts and Clubs 8 165 Girl Scouts 1 16 Military Police 4 78 Total 125 2911 Per cent of young people—about 45 Per cent of girls and women—about 15

Those who took the courses learned much about fire prevention and many joined organized fire fighting groups. The value of these courses was very great both in terms of increased knowledge of fire prevention and also in direct recruitment of more fire fighters.

RADIO BROADCASTS OF FIRE WEATHER

Radio broadcasting of fire weather, discontinued during the early part of the war was carried out during the 1944 spring fire season. Seven stations, WTIC, WNB'C, WTHT, WDRC, WNLC, ¥/ELI and WICC in Hartford, New Britain, New London, New Haven and Bridgeport, broadcast two and even three times daily in the early morning and once or twice on Sundays. This was kept up for a period, April 1 to May 21, a total of 664 separate broadcasts being made during that time. These reached thousands of people and were helpful in warning landowners and also rangers and wardens what sort of fire weather the day was likely to bring. This proved very useful to all concerned. The broadcasts were prepared by Ranger C. B. Bidwell from readings obtained the evening before from eight fire weather stations located on State Forests in various parts of the State. These were combined with a weather forecast received from Bos- ton early in the morning and the resulting fire weather forecast made up and telephoned to all the radio stations which in turn broadcast it over the air. An attempt was made to make the broadcasts understandable to all who heard them, both forester and laymen. In order, however, to keep them uniform and within bounds the stations were all furnished with copies of the following forms: THIS IS THE DAILY FOREST FIRE WEATHER FORECAST FOR CONNECTICUT AS PREPARED BY THE STATE DEPART- MENT OF FORESTRY AND THE UNITED STATES WEATHER BUREAU. TODAY WILL BE A— 1. Low Hazard Day: Persons are urged to get their burning done today while conditions are STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 75

safe. Fire permits may be issued by your Forest Fire Warden. Be sure your fire is dead out before leaving. 2. Medium Hazard Day: Burning may be done in safe places with a permit which you may obtain from your Forest Fire Warden. Stay with your fire and be sure it is dead out before leaving. (To April 15) No burning will be permitted in the open air. The fire hazard will increase until it rains. (After April 15) 3. High Hazard Day: This is the kind of weather during which the most and the worst forest fires occur. Use extreme care with smoking materials. Burning must not be done under any conditions. Report any smoke to your Forest Fire Warden. 4. Extreme Hazard Day: This is the kind of weather conditions foresters speak of as "Explo- sive." Most any spark will set off a forest fire that will be out of control in a few minutes. Do no burning. REPORT ANY SMOKE IMMEDI- ATELY TO YOUR FOREST FIRE WARDEN.

PRESENT STATUS OF THE CCC CAMPS IN CONNECTICUT

Shortly after Pearl Harbor the Civilian Conservation Corps turned the camps still remaining over to the Army for whatever use they might find for them. In general they made very little use of them. Two camps (Connor and Buck) the Army turned over to the Farm Security Administration for use as camps to house agricultural laborers. From the others they removed all or part of the equipment. Only at Camp Robinson were some of the buildings cut into sections and removed to nearby Bradley Field, where they were again set up and used. The present status of the camps is as follows: Camp Toumey, S-52, turned over to the State Forestry Depart- ment, 6-21-44. Camp Robinson, S-53, turned over to the State Forestry Depart- ment, 7-14-44. Camp Fernow, S-56, turned over to the State Forestry Depart- ment, 12-28-43. 76 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

Camp Lonergan, S-58, turned over to the State Forestry Depart- ment, 8-20-43. Camp White, S-63, turned over to the State Forestry Department, 9-15-44. Camp Filley, S-64, turned over to the State Forestry Department, 7-1-43. Camp Hadley, S-65, owned by the Connecticut State Guard Re- serves. Camp Buck, S-67, owned by the Federal Security Administration as a labor camp. Camp Conner, S-68, owned by the Federal Security Administra- tion as a labor camp. Camp Cross, S-51, on the Housatonic Meadows State Park, was salvaged by the Park Department.

The Army removed 16 buildings (mostly small) from Camp Robinson and then burned the remaining buildings (five of them large barracks or garages). This act aroused much public criti- cism because of the waste of lumber involved. At Camp Loner- gan the Department sold nine of the buildings to be salvaged by local residents for $1,400. The remaining buildings have been repaired and will be used to house the Woods Workers Training- Camp. Five buildings at Camp Filley were sold for $1,000 for salvage. The remaining 18 buildings are being held for possible future use. Camp Hadley was rented by the Connecticut State Guard Reserves as a training camp. THE FEDERAL TRANSIENT CAMP, NEHANTIC FOREST, became a City of Hartford transient camp until June 21, 1943, when it was turned over to the State. The other transient camp, Nepa,ug Village, became a N.Y.A. camp and then a War Food Ad- ministration labor camp for a short time. It was turned over to the Department on December 5, 1944. The policy in general is to sell some of the buildings in each of the camps, particularly those of less value in the future use of the camp, or those in the poorest condition; keep the other in as good condition as possible for a few years longer in the hope that they may be useful as labor camps, as camps for housing war pris- oners, as camps for civic organizations, as recuperation centers for war wounded or for housing unemployed after the war. The buildings which are being disposed of are being sold to local people who are glad to get the lumber in these days of shortage.

POST WAR DEVELOPMENT PLANS

Plans for the future development of 10 State Forests were prepared during 1943 by Mr. Hawes. These forests were Paugnut, Algonquin, Nepaug, Nassahegon, Mohawk, Shenipsit, Salmon STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 77

River, Pootatuck, Nehantic and Natchaug. These contained a detailed statement of acquisition, the history of the region, the present forest as to type and inventory, the products removed, the present improvement such as roads, trails, recreational areas and buildings, further acquisitions and a summary of the labor needed to carry out the specific improvements listed. Plans are to be made up for all of the remaining forests as a guide to work and as an index of possible post war workload. Two plans covering the post war development possibilities of all the forests were worked out. The one, carrying many developments desirable, but not essential, is known as the "Long Plan" and calls for expenditures of nearly $12,000,000. The other plan, limited to the most essential projects, and known as the "Short Plan" calls for expenditures of about $2,500,000. Recently issued plans for the individual forests recognizing the rapid changes due to the acquisition program, consist chiefly of maps of the area considered, showing present ownership and desirable future acquisitions and the chief improvements contemplated. A list of improvement projects with the probable cost in man days and money is included. These plans are dated and can be added to as new adjoining areas are acquired.

FOREST INVESTIGATIONS

Survey of Forest Resources—After a lapse of over a year, due to shortage of manpower, it was possible to resume the survey of the forest resources of the State. During the spring and summer of 1944 the strip survey of New Haven County was completed, that of Hartford, New London and Tolland Counties begun and completed and at present Windham County is being surveyed and Litchfield is contemplated. It is also hoped that an aerial survey of the State will be made, based on photographs to be taken during the summer of 1945. This work is being continued in cooperation with the Con- necticut Geological and Natural History Survey. Connecticut Hardwood Volume Tables—This work has been carried to completion with the publication of Yale University School of Forestry Bulletin 54 "Volume Tables for Connecticut Hardwoods," 58 pages, 1944, by Walter H. Meyer and Raymond Kienholz. Some of the tables presented there have been made into a card to be used by the average land owner to determine the average volume of his hardwood trees. 78 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

TABLE NO. 14—EIGHTEENTH STATE GRANT IN LIEU OP TAXES ON STATE FORESTS FOR 61 TOWNS UNDER THE PROVISIONS OF SECTION 1103, GENERAL STATUTES, REVISION OF 1930, FOR THE TAX LIST OF 1942 1 2 3 4 5 6 Designation of Total Tax Rate State Name of Town State Forest Acreage Valuation Mills Grant Ashford Natchaug 709.7 4,968 30 $ 149.04 Nipmuck 931.25 6,519 30 195.57

Total 1,640.95 11,487 344.61 Barkhamsted American Legion 722.5 13,005 18 234.09 Tunxis 698.88 12,580 18 226.44 Peoples 2,663.77 47,948 18 863.06 Special Grant provided by S. A. 481 of 1941 500.00

Total 4,085.15 73,533 1,823.59 Beacon Falls Naugatuck 1,027.5 10,275 26 267.15 Bethany Naugatuck 479.5 4,795 18 86.31 Burlington Nepaug 1,202. 14,228 22 313.02 Canaan Housa tonic 2,224.685 11,123 15 166.85 Chaplin Natchaug 780.5 6,244 17 106.15 Chester Cockaponset 2,775.77 13,829 23 318.07 Clinton Cockaponset 13.5 108 15 1.62 Colchester Salmon River 1,992.7 15,942 24 382.61 Colebrook Algonquin 1,469.77 15,863 18 285.54 Cornwall Housatonic. 1,409.125 11,273 16 180.37 Mohawk 2,118.44 18,978 16 303.66

Total 3,527.565 30,251 484.03 Eastford Natchaug 3,666.987 22,002 20 440.04 East Haddam Salmon River 52.1 313 19 5.95 East Hampton Meshomasic 2,172. 10.860 20 217.20 Salmon River (g) 513.5 2,568 20 51.36

Total 2,685.5 13,428 268.56 East Lyme Nehantic 1,093.7 10,937 15 164.06 Ellington Shenipsit 1,240.5 5,882 24 141.17 Enfield Shenipsit 290. 2,900 26 75.40 Glastonbury Meshomasic 1,131. 6,786 20 135.72 Goshen Mohawk 1,066.7 10,667 16 170.67 Griswold Pachaug (g) 2,423.6 15,996 22 331.91 Guilford Cockaponset 477.50 5,264 15 78.97 Haddam Cockaponset 3,359.35 16,798 22.5 377.95 Hampton Natchaug 962. 5,772 18 103.90 Hartland Peoples 322. 3,220 16 51.52 Tunxis 4,963.53 48,744 16 779.90 Special Grant pro- prived by S. A. 401 of 1941 225.00

Total 5,285.53 51,964 1,056.42 Hebron Salmon River (g) 198.2 1,982 19 37.66 4 STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 79

1 2 3 4 5 6 Designation of Total Tax Rate State Name of Town State Forest Acreage Valuation Mills Grant Kent Wyantenock 315. 2,205 20 44.10 Killingworth Cockaponset 1,540.85 13,097 30 392.91 Litchfield Mattatuck 416.5 4,165 18 74.97 Mohawk 5. 50 18 .90

Total 421.5 4,215 75.87 Lyme Nehantic 1,160. 11,600 8 92.80 Madison Cockaponset 549.75 4,924 15 73.86 Marlborough Meshomasic 52.5 315 • 30 9.45 Salmon River(g) 873.1 5,239 30 157.17

Total 925.6 5,554 166.62 Naugatuck Naugatuck 785. 6,691 18 120.44 New Fairfield Pootatuck 960. 9,600 20 192.00 New Hartford Nepaug 873. 4,903 26 127.48 North Canaan Housatonic 433.5 4,335 23 99.71 North Stonington Pachaug (g) 1,857.11 9,286 25 232.15 Oxford Naugatuck 372. 5,360 15 80.40 Plainfield Pachaug (g) 1,205. 9,199 31 285.17 Plymouth Mattatuck 336.90 3,669 22 80.72 Pomfret Natchaug 331.79 1,991 20 39.82 Portland Meshomasic 2,810.875 14,054 20 281.08 Putnam Quaddick (g) 33. 330 13 4.29 Salem Nehantic 286. 1,716 20 34.32 Salisbury Housatonic 250. 1,250 14 17.50 Saybrook CocKaponset 1,350. 6,750 16.5 111.38 Sharon Housatonic 3,079.28 13,857 17 235.57 Simsbury Simsbury 244.15 4,883 12.5 61.04 Somers Shenipsit 642.75 4,499 27 121.47 Stafford Nipmuck 315. 1,575 23 36.23 Shenipsit 2,226.4 11,910 23 273.93

Total 2,541.4 13,485 310.16 Sterling Pachaug 1,775.30 10,652 31 330.21 Thomaston Mattatuck 551.1 6,637 25 165.93 Thompson Quaddick (g) 463.3 2,317 30 69.51 Tolland Nye-Holman 306.85 1,938 19 36.82 Torrington Paugnut 1,457. 22,704 14 317.85 Union Nipmuck 1,322.5 9,303 10 93.03 Voluntown Pachaug 12,545.18 50,181 30 1,505.43 Waterbury Mattatuck 413.2 4,958 30 148.74 Watertown Mattatuck 1,343.29 13,433 21 282.09 Westbrook Cockaponset 45. 450 15 6.75 Willington Nipmuck 486.75 4,137 11.5 47.58

(g)—Federal Leased Land 80 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

TABLE NO. 15—APPROPRIATIONS, EXPENDITURES AND BALANCES

FORESTRY DEPARTMENT

Expenditures Expenditures 7- 1-42 7- 1-43 6-30-43 6-30-44 PERSONAL SERVICES: Permanent Employees $63,650.02 $69,748.84 Temporary Employees 6,396.52 8,438.01

Total Personal Services $70,046.54. $78,186.85

CONTRACTUAL SERVICES: Advertising and Subscriptions 8.92 — Telephone and Telegrams 2,428.51 2,168.93 Travel Expense 3,377.98 *6,001.75 Printing and-Binding 493.64 1,338.50 Rent (Storage Trucks) 314.11 320.00 Freight, Express and Cartage .•••• 53.79 — General Repairs 263.37 570.15 Light and Power 285.23 524.08 Motor Vehicle Repairs 1,618.79 2,947.86 General Plant Services 331.82 274.16 Contract Cutting 5,812.87 —

Total Contractual Services $14,989.03 $14,145.43 *Includes Patrolmen

SUPPLIES AND MATERIALS: Postage and Office Supplies 1,977.02 3,795.93 Clothing 286.20 210.53 Medical Supplies 139.82 Educational Supplies 331.23 147.39 General Plant Supplies 2,099.25 5,679.49 Motor Vehicle Supplies 4,612.53 1,943.28 Gasoline and Oil — 3'4oaS Nursery Supplies 170.56 84.54 Road Materials 3,517.15 ~ Fire, Prevention, Suppression Supplies 487.03 7 tA.b8 Total Supplies and Materials $13,620.79 $16,089.82

EQUIPMENT: _ Automobile Equipment -J"'-" ..... Office and Drafting Room Equipment 419.48 444.au General Plant Equipment 404.69 486.58 Fire Suppression Equipment b,iw.a.u/ Research Equipment 31 -74 ~ Total Equipment $7,095.69 $8,262.44

FIRE CONTROL: .„„„,,, Fire Suppression Bills 18,414.62 19,576.36 Warden Fees 1.662.35 1,749.25 Lookout Observers and Patrolmen o^nn Supplies and Materials •• 2,927.16 3/b.uo

Total $24,620.85 $24,996.60 STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 83

SUMMARY July 1, 1942 - June 30, 1943 Reverted to Appropriation Expenditure General Fund Personal Services $ 70,047.00 $ 70,046.54 $ .46 Contractual Services 21,286.00 14,989.03 6,296.97 Supplies and Materials 15,125.00 13,620.79 1,504.21 Equipment 14,640.00 7,095.69 7,544.31 Fire Control 25,000.00 24,620.85 379.15 Land and Non-Structural Improvements 1,335.00 1,250.00 85.00 New Structures .*. 100.00 — 100.00 Replacement of Structures 100.00 — 100.00

Total $147,633.00 $131,622.90 $16,010.10

SUMMARY July 1, 1943 - June 30 ,1944 Personal Services .$ 81,923.00 $ 78,186.85 $3,736.15 Contractual Services . 14,200.00 14,145.43 54.57 Materials and Supplies . 16,925.00 16,089.82 835.18 Equipment . 9.300.00 8,262.44 1,037.56 Fire Control . 25,000.00 24,996.60 3.40 Assistance to Farmers, Cutting 338.04 338.04 * Assistance to Farmers, Reforestation ... 74.75 74.75 *— Paugnut Forest Road . 5,561.45 5,561.45 &

Total $153,322.24 $147,655.38 $5,666.86 ''Continuing Accounts—Balances are available as follows: Assistance to Farmers—Cutting $99,661.96 Assistance to Farmers—Reforestation 49,925.25 Paugnut Forest Road 4,438.55

TABLE NO. 16—

STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES AND BALANCES RECEIPTS July 1, 1942 July 1, 1943 June 30, 1943 June 30, 1944 FROM SALE OF WOOD PRODUCTS: Wood $ 9,467.37 $11,729.21 Logs 1,680.92 5,955.55 Lumber 8,071.79 1,061.38 Poles and Posts 865.81 457.70 Permits 482.00 484.75 Rentals 4,323.85 4,250.02 Recreation 3,119.50 334.50 Charcoal 11,379.75 7,991.90 Mica Royalties 19-70 142.04 Miscellaneous (witch hazel, gravel, junk) 1,420.07 3,729.52 Proportion of CCC Sales 10,753.40 Total $51,584.16 $36,136.57 82 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

EXPENDITURES PERSONAL SERVICES: Equipment Repair 1,535.85 1,663.85 Building Repair 1,752.11 2,961.58 Recreational Areas 2,345.71 993.73 Forest Stand Improvement 2,695.39 8.583.75 Plant Operation 2,836.05 794.22 Nursery 2,463.82 1,506.70 Roads, Trails and Dams 5,723.30 3.947.49 Clerical 84.50 176.07 Other 1.232.07 1,641.91

Total Personal Services .»..$20,668.80 $22,269.30 CONTRACTUAL SERVICES: Repairs to Motor Vehicles — 548.39 Contract Cutting and Hauling 1,934.46 12,472.88 Garage Rent and Incidentals — 81.24 Travel — 48.84

Total Contractual Services $1,934.46 $13,151.35 MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES: Paint and Brushes — 161.72 Recreational Area Supplies 23.15 19.69 General Plant Supplies 58.73 — Road Materials 139.75 —

Total Materials and Supplies $ 221.63 $ 181.41 CAPITAL OUTLAY: Land 1,495.69 — New Structures—Charcoal Kiln, Tunxis Forest — 4,448.67 Structural Replacement—Storage Shed 515.00 — General Plant Equipment — 12.55 Gasogene 2.58 901.24

Total Capital Outlay $ 2,013.27 $ 5,362.46 Total Expenses and Capital Outlay $24,838.16 $40,964.32

SUMMARY Forest Products Sales Fund Receipts— Balance on hand July 1, 1942 $65,021.59 Receipts 1942-1943 51,584.16 Receipts 1943-1944* 36,136.57

Total Available $152,742.32 Expenditures— 1941-1942 paid from 1942-1943 Funds $11,475.06 Expenses 1942-1943 24,838.16 Expenses 1943-1944* 40,964.32 77,277.54 Less Paid in 1944-45 1,140.64

Net Paid July 1, 1942 to June 30, 1944 76,136.90

Cash Balance July 1, 1944 $76,605.42 "Refund deposit $31.90 on gasogene treated as a reduction of expense rather than a receipt. STATE PARK AND FOREST COMMISSION 83

TABLE NO. 17—

STATEMENT OF RECEIPTS, EXPENDITURES, AND BALANCES

FOREST FIRE FUND July 1, 1942 July 1, 1943 June 30, 1943 June 30,1944

From U. S. Forest Service $18,256.37 $35,763.76 Counties .Cities, Railroad and Parties Responsible for Fires 19,034.78 23,708.13

Total Receipts $37,291.15 $59,471.94

EXPENDITURES PERSONAL SERVICES: Stand-by Crews and Pump Operators 1,014.90 1,464.11 Observers 3,697.61 4,520.80 Patrolmen 5,429.13 8,305.42 Laborers, Roads and Trails 1,846.27 2,984.64 Laborers, Repair Equipment 1,015.10 4,274.79 Laborers, Tower Maintenance 261.96 485.21 Warden's Services 4,389.10 — Suppression 3,083.96 25,276.06 Other 690-15 940.62

Total $21,428.18 $48,251.65

CONTRACTUAL SERVICES: Travel, Expense, Patrolmen 1,647.11 1,085.71 Telephone Tolls and Electricity — 1,017.15 Contract Fire Trail Clearance — 82.00 General Repairs 226.68 11.75 Printing 89.55 —

Total $ 1,963.34 $ 2,196.62

MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES: Office Supplies 4.00 43.25 Medical Supplies 43.61 — Fire Tools, small 72.91 862.33 Printing (Wooden Nutmeg) 153.50 — Fire Supplies, Repair Parts 659.41 889.50 $933.43 $1,795.08

EQUIPMENT: Power Pumps — 1,933.00 Fire Truck, fully equipped — 2.400.00 Valve Sets, Adapters, etc. ... 89.00 237.83

Total Equipment .... .$ 89.00 $4,570.83 Total Expenditures .$24,413.95 $56,814.18 84 SIXTEENTH BIENNIAL REPORT

SUMMARY

FOREST FIRE FUND

Receipts: Balance on hand July 1, 1942 $ 36,820.97 Receipts, 1942-1943 37.291.15 Receipts, 1943-1944 59^471.94

$133,584.06 Expenditures: Expenses July 1, 1942-June 30, 1943 $24,413.95 Expenses July 1, 1943-June 30, 1944 56,814.18 1941-1942—Expenses Paid 1942-1943 4,972.64

$86,200.77 Less 1943-1944 Paid 1944-1945 $11,505.10 Less adjustment bad check and M. O. fees 10.70 11,515.80 Balance $74,684.97

TABLE NO. 18—FARMERS' NURSERY FUND

RECEIPTS July 1,1942 July 1,1943 June 30,1943 June 30,1944 From Federal Cooperative Funds $1,197.54 $ 660.67 From Sales—Seedlings 2,655.65 4,178.60 Total Receipts $3,853.19 $4,839.27

EXPENDITURES Labor $1,205.22 $1,082.46 Seedlings 5,013.15 1,240.75 Fertilizer and Supplies and Refund Sales 86.59 110.00 $6,304.96 $2,433.21

SUMMARY

FARMERS' NURSERY FUND

Balance on hand July 1, 1942 $11,624.44 Receipts 1942-43 3,853.19 Receipts 1943-44 4,839.27

Total Available $20,316.90 Expenditures: Expenses 1942-1943 $6,304.96 Expenses 1943-1944 2,433.21 Add 1941-1942 Paid 1942-43 646.22

Total $9,384.39 Less 1943-1944 Paid 1944-1945 832.55 8,551.84

Balance on Hand June 30, 1944 .$11,765.06