SCOTT PITNICK Center for Reproductive Evolution
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Alan Robert Templeton
Alan Robert Templeton Charles Rebstock Professor of Biology Professor of Genetics & Biomedical Engineering Department of Biology, Campus Box 1137 Washington University St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899, USA (phone 314-935-6868; fax 314-935-4432; e-mail [email protected]) EDUCATION A.B. (Zoology) Washington University 1969 M.A. (Statistics) University of Michigan 1972 Ph.D. (Human Genetics) University of Michigan 1972 PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 1972-1974. Junior Fellow, Society of Fellows of the University of Michigan. 1974. Visiting Scholar, Department of Genetics, University of Hawaii. 1974-1977. Assistant Professor, Department of Zoology, University of Texas at Austin. 1976. Visiting Assistant Professor, Dept. de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil. 1977-1981. Associate Professor, Departments of Biology and Genetics, Washington University. 1981-present. Professor, Departments of Biology and Genetics, Washington University. 1983-1987. Genetics Study Section, NIH (also served as an ad hoc reviewer several times). 1984-1992: 1996-1997. Head, Evolutionary and Population Biology Program, Washington University. 1985. Visiting Professor, Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan. 1986. Distinguished Visiting Scientist, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan. 1986-present. Research Associate of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 1992. Elected Visiting Fellow, Merton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom. 2000. Visiting Professor, Technion Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 2001-present. Charles Rebstock Professor of Biology 2001-present. Professor of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Washington University 2002-present. Visiting Professor, Rappaport Institute, Medical School of the Technion, Israel. 2007-2010. Senior Research Associate, The Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel. 2009-present. Professor, Division of Statistical Genomics, Washington University 2010-present. -
Another Way of Being Anisogamous in Drosophila Subgenus
Proc. NatI. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 91, pp. 10399-10402, October 1994 Evolution Another way of being anisogamous in Drosophila subgenus species: Giant sperm, one-to-one gamete ratio, and high zygote provisioning (evoludtion of sex/paternty asune/male-derived contrIbutIon/Drosophia liftorais/Drosopha hydei) CHRISTOPHE BRESSAC*t, ANNE FLEURYl, AND DANIEL LACHAISE* *Laboratoire Populations, Gen6tique et Evolution, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, F-91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France; and *Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire 4, Unit6 Recherche Associ6e 1134, Universit6 Paris XI, F-91405 Orsay Cedex, France Communicated by Bruce Wallace, July 11, 1994 ABSSTRACT It is generally assume that sexes n animals within-ejaculate short sperm heteromorphism in the Dro- have arisen from a productivity versus provisioning conflict; sophila obscura species group (Sophophora subgenus) to males are those individuals producing gametes n ily giant sperm found solely within the Drosophila subgenus. small, in excess, and individually bereft of all paternity assur- The most extreme pairwise comparison of sperm length ance. A 1- to 2-cm sperm, 5-10 times as long as the male body, between these taxonomic groups represents a factor of might therefore appear an evolutionary paradox. As a matter growth of 300 (12). In all Drosophila species described so far of fact, species ofDrosophila of the Drosophila subgenus differ in this respect, sperm contain a short acrosome, a filiform from those of other subgenera by producing exclusively sperm haploid nucleus, and a flagellum composed of two inactive of that sort. We report counts of such giant costly sperm in mitochondrial derivatives (13, 14) flanking one axoneme Drosophila littondis and Drosophila hydei females, indicating along its overall length: the longer the sperm, the larger the that they are offered in exceedingly small amounts, tending to flagellum and hence the more mitochondrial material. -
Ecological Factors and Drosophila Speciation
ECOLOGICAL FACTORS AND DROSOPHILA SPECIATION WARREN P. SPENCER, College of Wooster INTRODUCTION In 1927 there appeared H. J. Muller's announcement of the artificial transmutation of the gene. This discovery was received with enthusiasm throughout the scientific world. Ever since the days of Darwin biological alchemists had tried in vain to induce those seemingly rare alterations in genes which were coming to be known as "the building stones of evolution." In the same year Charles Elton published a short book on animal ecology. It was received with little acclaim. That is not sur- prising. To the modern biologist ecology has seemed a bit out-moded, rather beneath the dignity of a laboratory scientist. Without detracting from the importance of Muller's discovery, in the light of the develop- ments of the past 13 years we venture to say that Elton conies nearer to providing the key to the process of evolution than does radiation genetics. Here is a quotation from Elton's chapter on ecology and evolution. '' Many animals periodically undergo rapid increase with practically no checks at all. In fact the struggle for existence sometimes tends to disappear almost entirely. During the expansion in numbers from a minimum, almost every animal survives, or at any rate a very high proportion of them do so, and an immeasurably larger number survives than when the population remains constant. If therefore a heritable variation were to occur in the small nucleus of animals left at a min- imum of numbers, it would spread very quickly and automatically, so that a very large porportion of numbers of individuals would possess it when the species had regained its normal numbers. -
Experimental Evolutionary Biology of Learning in Drosophila Melanogaster
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by RERO DOC Digital Library Département de Biologie, Unité d’Ecologie et d’Evolution Université de Fribourg (Suisse) EXPERIMENTAL EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY OF LEARNING IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER THESE Présentée à la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université de Fribourg (Suisse) Pour l’obtention du grade de Doctor rerum naturalium Frederic MERY de Montpellier (France) These N° 1403 Imprimerie Copyphot SA (Fribourg) Acceptée par la Faculté des Sciences de l’Université de Fribourg (Suisse) sur la proposition de Tadeusz Kawecki, Victoria Braithwaite, Dieter Ebert et Dietrich Meyer (President du jury) Fribourg le 19 Fevrier 2003 Le Directeur de thèse le Doyen Tadeusz J. Kawecki Dionys Baeriswyl Table of contents Abstract ..............................................................................................................................................................3 Résumé ..............................................................................................................................................................4 Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 1: Experimental Evolution of Learning Ability in Fruit Flies............................................................15 CHAPTER 2: A fitness cost of learning ability in Drosophila melanogaster ....................................................27 CHAPTER 3: An induced fitness -
Thermal Sensitivity of the Spiroplasma-Drosophila Hydei Protective Symbiosis: the Best of 2 Climes, the Worst of Climes
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.070938; this version posted May 2, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 Thermal sensitivity of the Spiroplasma-Drosophila hydei protective symbiosis: The best of 2 climes, the worst of climes. 3 4 Chris Corbin, Jordan E. Jones, Ewa Chrostek, Andy Fenton & Gregory D. D. Hurst* 5 6 Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown 7 Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK 8 9 * For correspondence: [email protected] 10 11 Short title: Thermal sensitivity of a protective symbiosis 12 13 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.30.070938; this version posted May 2, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 14 Abstract 15 16 The outcome of natural enemy attack in insects has commonly been found to be influenced 17 by the presence of protective symbionts in the host. The degree to which protection 18 functions in natural populations, however, will depend on the robustness of the phenotype 19 to variation in the abiotic environment. We studied the impact of a key environmental 20 parameter – temperature – on the efficacy of the protective effect of the symbiont 21 Spiroplasma on its host Drosophila hydei, against attack by the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina 22 heterotoma. -
View of the Invasion of Drosophila Suzukii in Gether with the 5′ UTR (Annotated in Green) Are Compared
Yan et al. BMC Genetics 2020, 21(Suppl 2):146 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12863-020-00939-y RESEARCH Open Access Identification and characterization of four Drosophila suzukii cellularization genes and their promoters Ying Yan1,2*, Syeda A. Jaffri1, Jonas Schwirz2, Carl Stein1 and Marc F. Schetelig1,2* Abstract Background: The spotted-wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) is a widespread invasive pest that causes severe economic damage to fruit crops. The early development of D. suzukii is similar to that of other Drosophilids, but the roles of individual genes must be confirmed experimentally. Cellularization genes coordinate the onset of cell division as soon as the invagination of membranes starts around the nuclei in the syncytial blastoderm. The promoters of these genes have been used in genetic pest-control systems to express transgenes that confer embryonic lethality. Such systems could be helpful in sterile insect technique applications to ensure that sterility (bi-sex embryonic lethality) or sexing (female-specific embryonic lethality) can be achieved during mass rearing. The activity of cellularization gene promoters during embryogenesis controls the timing and dose of the lethal gene product. Results: Here, we report the isolation of the D. suzukii cellularization genes nullo, serendipity-α, bottleneck and slow-as- molasses from a laboratory strain. Conserved motifs were identified by comparing the encoded proteins with orthologs from other Drosophilids. Expression profiling confirmed that all four are zygotic genes that are strongly expressed at the early blastoderm stage. The 5′ flanking regions from these cellularization genes were isolated, incorporated into piggyBac vectors and compared in vitro for the promoter activities. -
The Role of Mating Systems in Sexual Selection in Parasitoid Wasps
Biol. Rev. (2014), pp. 000–000. 1 doi: 10.1111/brv.12126 Beyond sex allocation: the role of mating systems in sexual selection in parasitoid wasps Rebecca A. Boulton∗, Laura A. Collins and David M. Shuker Centre for Biological Diversity, School of Biology, University of St Andrews, Dyers Brae, Greenside place, Fife KY16 9TH, U.K. ABSTRACT Despite the diverse array of mating systems and life histories which characterise the parasitic Hymenoptera, sexual selection and sexual conflict in this taxon have been somewhat overlooked. For instance, parasitoid mating systems have typically been studied in terms of how mating structure affects sex allocation. In the past decade, however, some studies have sought to address sexual selection in the parasitoid wasps more explicitly and found that, despite the lack of obvious secondary sexual traits, sexual selection has the potential to shape a range of aspects of parasitoid reproductive behaviour and ecology. Moreover, various characteristics fundamental to the parasitoid way of life may provide innovative new ways to investigate different processes of sexual selection. The overall aim of this review therefore is to re-examine parasitoid biology with sexual selection in mind, for both parasitoid biologists and also researchers interested in sexual selection and the evolution of mating systems more generally. We will consider aspects of particular relevance that have already been well studied including local mating structure, sex allocation and sperm depletion. We go on to review what we already know about sexual selection in the parasitoid wasps and highlight areas which may prove fruitful for further investigation. In particular, sperm depletion and the costs of inbreeding under chromosomal sex determination provide novel opportunities for testing the role of direct and indirect benefits for the evolution of mate choice. -
On the Biology and Genetics of Scaptomyza Graminum Fallen (Diptera, Drosophilidae) Harrison D
ON THE BIOLOGY AND GENETICS OF SCAPTOMYZA GRAMINUM FALLEN (DIPTERA, DROSOPHILIDAE) HARRISON D. STALKER1 Washington University, St. Louis MO. Received December 30, 1944 N THE spring of 1942 genetic work was begun on three Drosophilidae: I Scaptomyza graminum, S. adusta, and Chymomyza amoena. The purpose of this work was to make a comparison between the genetic chromosomes of Drosophila and those of some other Drosophilidae. Of the three species chosen, C. amoena soon proved itself unsatisfactory as a laboratory animal, partly because of the habit of the adults of constantly waving their wings as they moved about the culture bottle, with the result that they got stuck if the bottle or the food was at all moist. Both species of Scaptomyza could be cul- tured, but since it was difficult to secure large numbers of wild S. adusta, most of the work was done on S. graminum. Strains from the Rochester, N. Y., and St. Louis, Missouri, areas were studied, and large numbers of mutations were found, both in the progeny of the wild flies and as spontaneous occurrences in the laboratory. In 1943 all the laboratory stocks became infected with bacteria which made stock-keeping too difficult to warrant continuing the work. Since practically nothing is known about the genetics of any Drosophilidae other than Drosophila, it is felt that a description of the mutants discovered, as well as an account of some of the peculiarities of S. graminum, may have comparative value even though this account is of necessity somewhat frag- mentary. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The author wishes to express his appreciation to DR. -
INSIGHTS INTO ENDOSYMBIONT-MEDIATED DEFENSE of DROSOPHILA FLIES AGAINST PARASITOID WASPS a Dissertation by JIALEI XIE Submitted
INSIGHTS INTO ENDOSYMBIONT-MEDIATED DEFENSE OF DROSOPHILA FLIES AGAINST PARASITOID WASPS A Dissertation by JIALEI XIE Submitted to the Office of Graduate and Professional Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Chair of Committee, Mariana Mateos Committee Members, Robert Wharton Adam Jones Cecilia Tamborindeguy Head of Department, Michael Masser December 2013 Major Subject: Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences Copyright 2013 Jialei Xie ABSTRACT Maternally-transmitted associations between endosymbiotic bacteria and insects are diverse and widespread in nature. To counter loss by imperfect vertical transmission, many heritable microbes have evolved compensational mechanisms, such as manipulating host reproduction and conferring fitness benefits to their hosts. Symbiont- mediated defense against natural enemies of hosts is increasingly recognized as an important mechanism by which endosymbionts enhance host fitness. Members of the genus Spiroplasma associated with distantly related Drosophila, are known to engage in either reproductive parasitism (i.e., male killing, MSRO strain) or defense against natural enemies (a parasitic wasp and a nematode). My previous studies indicate the Spiroplasma hy1 enhances survival of Drosophila hydei against the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina heterotoma, but whether this phenomenon can contribute to the long-term persistence of Spiroplasma is not clear. Here, I tracked Spiroplasma frequencies in fly lab populations repeatedly exposed to high or no wasp parasitism throughout ten generations. A dramatic increase of Spiroplasma prevalence was observed under high wasp pressure. In contrast, Spiroplasma prevalence in the absence of wasps did not change significantly over time; a pattern consistent with random drift. Thus, the defensive mechanism may contribute to the high prevalence of Spiroplasma in D. -
El Colegio De La Frontera Sur
El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Factores que influyen en la dispersión espacio-temporal de broca del café Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Tesis presentada como requisito parcial para optar al grado de Doctora en Ciencias en Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable Con orientación en Ecología de Artrópodos y Manejo de plagas Por Ariana Karina Román Ruiz 2017 El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Tapachula, Chiapas a 16 de junio de 201 7 Las personas abajo firmantes. miembros del jurado examinador de: Ariana Karina Román Ruiz hacemos constar que hemos revisado y aprobado la tesis titulada: 'Factores que influyen en la dispersión espacio-temporal de broca del café hthenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)" Parii obtener el grado de Doctora en Ciencias en Ecologla y Desarrollo Sustentable Nombre Firma . Juan Francisco Barrera Oaytan U/ Dr. Bernard P. Dufour ridad Cruz L6per Juliia Cesar Rojas León I Dr. Jm5 Pablo Liedo Fernandez 1 Dr. Jorge Toledo Arreob 1 br. Jaime Wmez Ruiz Dra. Mane Liliane Jeanne Dor Roques Colegio de la Frontera Sur Tapachula, chispas a 16 de junio de 20 17 Las personas abajo firmantes, miembros del jurado examinador de: Ariana Karina Román Ruiz hacemos constar que hemos revisado y aprobado la tesis titulada: "Factores que influyen en la dispersión espacio-temporal de broca del caf6 Hypothenemus hampei (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)" Para obtener el grado de Doctora en Ciencias en Ecologla y Desarrollo Sustentable Nombre Firma Director Dr. Juan Francisco Barrera Gaytán Co-Director Dr. Bernard P. Dufour Asesor h. Leopoldo Caridad Cruz Lópn AsesorDr. Julio Cesar Rojas León Sinodal adicional Dr. José Pablo Liedo Fernhdez Sinodal adicional Dr. -
Multiple Introductions of the Spiroplasma Bacterial Endosymbiont Into Drosophila
Molecular Ecology (2009) 18, 1294–1305 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04085.x MultipleBlackwell Publishing Ltd introductions of the Spiroplasma bacterial endosymbiont into Drosophila TAMARA S. HASELKORN,* THERESE A. MARKOW* and NANCY A. MORAN Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Biosciences West, Room 310, University of Arizona, 1041 E. Lowell Street, Tucson, AZ 85721-0088, USA Abstract Bacterial endosymbionts are common in insects and can have dramatic effects on their host’s evolution. So far, the only heritable symbionts found in Drosophila have been Wolbachia and Spiroplasma. While the incidence and effects of Wolbachia have been studied extensively, the prevalence and significance of Spiroplasma infections in Drosophila are less clear. These small, gram-positive, helical bacteria infect a diverse array of plant and arthropod hosts, conferring a variety of fitness effects. Male-killing Spiroplasma are known from certain Drosophila species; however, in others, Spiroplasma appear not to affect sex ratio. Previous studies have identified different Spiroplasma haplotypes in Drosophila populations, although no extensive surveys have yet been reported. We used a multilocus sequence analysis to reconstruct a robust Spiroplasma endosymbiont phylogeny, assess genetic diversity, and look for evidence of recombination. Six loci were sequenced from over 65 Spiroplasma- infected individuals from nine different Drosophila species. Analysis of these sequences reveals at least five separate introductions of four phylogenetically distinct Spiroplasma haplotypes, indicating that more extensive sampling will likely reveal an even greater Spiroplasma endosymbiont diversity. Patterns of variation in Drosophila mitochondrial haplotypes in Spiroplasma-infected and uninfected flies imply imperfect vertical transmission in host populations and possible horizontal transmission. -
A Drosophila Melanogaster Poszt-Meiotikus Spermatogenezisében Szerepet Játszó Gének Vizsgálata
A Drosophila melanogaster poszt-meiotikus spermatogenezisében szerepet játszó gének vizsgálata Ph.D. értekezés Vedelek Viktor Témavezető: Dr. Sinka Rita Biológia Doktori Iskola Szegedi Tudományegyetem Természettudományi és Informatikai Kar Genetikai Tanszék Szeged 2016 Tartalomjegyzék Tartalomjegyzék ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Rövidítések jegyzéke ............................................................................................................................... 4 1. Bevezetés ............................................................................................................................................. 5 1.1 A Drosophila melanogaster alkalmazása, mint genetikai modellszervezet .................................. 5 1.2 A Drosophila spermatogenezise .................................................................................................... 6 1.2.1 A spermatogenezis korai szakasza ......................................................................................... 9 1.2.2 A meiotikus ciszták, kerek spermatidák ................................................................................. 9 1.2.3 A poszt-meiotikus fejlődés első szakasza, a megnyúlás ....................................................... 10 1.2.4 A poszt-meiotikus fejlődés későbbi szakasza, az individualizáció ........................................ 11 1.3 A mitokondriumok szerepe a spermatogenezis során ...............................................................