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Drosophila Information Service Number 103 December 2020 Prepared at the Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman, OK 73019 U.S.A. ii Dros. Inf. Serv. 103 (2020) Preface Drosophila Information Service (often called “DIS” by those in the field) was first printed in March, 1934. For those first issues, material contributed by Drosophila workers was arranged by C.B. Bridges and M. Demerec. As noted in its preface, which is reprinted in Dros. Inf. Serv. 75 (1994), Drosophila Information Service was undertaken because, “An appreciable share of credit for the fine accomplishments in Drosophila genetics is due to the broadmindedness of the original Drosophila workers who established the policy of a free exchange of material and information among all actively interested in Drosophila research. This policy has proved to be a great stimulus for the use of Drosophila material in genetic research and is directly responsible for many important contributions.” Since that first issue, DIS has continued to promote open communication. The production of this volume of DIS could not have been completed without the generous efforts of many people. Except for the special issues that contained mutant and stock information now provided in detail by FlyBase and similar material in the annual volumes, all issues are now freely-accessible from our web site: www.ou.edu/journals/dis. For early issues that only exist as aging typed or mimeographed copies, some notes and announcements have not yet been fully brought on line, but key information in those issues is available from FlyBase. We intend to fill in those gaps for historical purposes in the future. We continue to encourage all researchers to consider submitting articles that use Drosophila for teaching as well as articles that report new techniques, research results, and interesting new mutations. In the interests of honoring the long-standing philosophy of open exchange of ideas, we sometimes accept articles that have unusual or limited perspectives. We thank the many contributors from around the world who sent material for this issue, and we invite your submissions for future annual issues as well as any suggestions you have for maintaining this as a useful Drosophila research community resource. James N. Thompson, jr., Editor David Ross Boyd Professor of Biology Department of Biology University of Oklahoma, Norman Jenna J. Hellack, Associate Editor Department of Biology, Emeritus University of Central Oklahoma, Edmond Department of Biology, Adjunct Professor University of Oklahoma, Norman Contributions and Inquiries should be sent to: James N. Thompson, jr., Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019; Phone: (405) 325-2001, FAX (405) 325-6202, email: [email protected] Printed copies of the recent volumes can be ordered from lulu.com. Dros. Inf. Serv. 102 (2019) iii List of Contributions General Announcements Guide to Authors 74 Printed copies of Drosophila Information Service from lulu.com 104 Book Review: Held, L.I., Jr. Animal Anomalies: What Abnormal Anatomies Reveal About Normal Development. 2021. Cambridge University Press 96 Research Notes Blackmon, R.H., and G.L. Harmon. Trichostatin A enhances catalase activity in Drosophila melanogasterap56f. 24 Del Pino, F., P. Espinoza, C. Pozo, F. Gonzalez, M. Zamora, and E. Alvarez. Effect of population density on the development of Drosophila immigrans. 63 Del Pino, F., F. Claps, C. Gabilan, F. Santin, and E. Alvarez. Effect of population density on the development of Drosophila melanogaster. 64 Domit, S.G., L.M.S. Baptista, B.M. Araujo, J.P.B. Machado, and R.P. Mateus. Life history traits and esterase activity of Drosophila species of the tripunctata and guarani groups in different food resources. 47 Fonseca, B.B.E., M.C. Ferreira, L.P.B. Machado, and R.P. Mateus. Wing heritability variation in Drosophila willistoni isofemale lines from three Brazilian Atlantic Forest fragments. 35 Guruprassad, B.R. A preliminary survey of Drosophila species in the fruit market, Mysuru, Karnataka, India. 27 He, W. T. Renoni, S. Brigida, and B. Possidente. The Drosophila Antennapedia mutation is associated with sex-specific effects on circadian activity rhythms. 12 Jolfaei, C., S. Mahin, and B.E. Staveley. GFP-RNAi expression in dopaminergic neurons can reduce lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster. 68 Khadem, M. A survey of drosophilid fauna of the Guilan province in north Iran. 16 Kitagawa, H. Gene duplication of the antimicrobial peptide attacin in Japanese populations of Drosophila virilis. 53 Knox, M.T., G.L. Harmon, and R.H. Blackmon. Thermal stress induces catalase in apterous56f Drosophila melanogaster. 23 iv Dros. Inf. Serv. 103 (2020) Lammons, J.W., K.A. Faria, and J.N. Thompson, jr. Modifiers of cell death in the Drosophila wing using sequenced strains of the Drosophila melanogaster Genetic Reference panel (DGRP). 50 MacIntyre, R. Position effect variegation of the dumpy gene in Drosophila melanogaster. 31 Mahato, S.P., and K.K. Gupta. List of species of Family Drosophilidae described and recorded from North Chotanagpur Division of Jharkhand, India. 15 Mateus, R.P., E.M. Moraes, and L.P.B. Machado. Initial population size fluctuation of introduced species Zaprionus indianus in drosophilids surveys in Brazil: data from periodic collections at early invasion. 29 Paixao, J.F., and L. Madi-Ravazzi. Transferability of species-specific microsatellite primers from D. prosaltans to D. austrosaltans. 40 Santos, K.A.V., S.V. Zorzato, G.R. Salomon, L.P.B. Machado, and R.P. Mateus. Microsatellites null alleles detection in species of guarani and guaramuru groups collected in Highland Araucaria Forest of Brazil. 43 Shivanna, N., B.S. Srinath, and A.S. Tarafdar. Influence of urea on the morphology of D. melanogaster. 18 Shoben, C.R., and M.A.F. Noor. Variable fitness effects of Drosophila mutant markers across genetic backgrounds, temperatures, and containers. 9 Solodovnikov, A.A., and S.A. Lavrov. Exact breakpoints of In(1)wm4 rearrangement. 65 Spratt, S.J. A Turing machine for the Life Sciences. 57 Uysal, H., H. Celik, H. Kizilet, B. Yilmaz, M. Ozdal, and O. Gulmez. Determination of the protective effects of fungus species belonging to the genus Pleurotus against the longevity toxicity of guaiazulene in Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R). 1 Technique Notes Cheburkanov, V., P. Alicia, A. Doan, V.V. Yakovlev, and V. Panin. Assessment of Drosophila muscle elasticity using dual Brillouin-Raman microscopy. 90 Eckert, F.B., D. de Brittos Valdati, J.M. Neto, D.C. de Toni, and C.L. de Oliveira. Lane-maze for behavioral tests in flies. 77 Graham, P.L., M.D. Fischer, and L. Pick. Efficient screening of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in Drosophila without a visible marker. 80 Dros. Inf. Serv. 102 (2019) v Jain, D., and S. Mohanty. Fly transcriptomics uncovers the molecular signature of cellular and tissue-specific function. 83 Massey, J.H., J. Li, and P.J. Wittkopp. A method using CO2 anesthesia to collect embryos for microinjection in Drosophila elegans. 75 Teaching Notes Borowski, N.M., M.A. Balinski, and R.C. Woodruff. Influence of stress on the somatic movement of the mariner DNA element in Drosophila simulans: II. Crowding with Drosophila melanogaster. 97 Deshpande, P., A.C. Venkatakrishnan, and A. Singh. An undergraduate cell biology laboratory exercise of Nile Red staining to mark lipid droplets in fly eye model of neurodegeneration. 99 Other Reports The North American Drosophila Board 105 vi Dros. Inf. Serv. 103 (2020) Dros. Inf. Serv. 103 (2020) 1 Research Notes Determination of the protective effects of fungus species belonging to the genus Pleurotus against the longevity toxicity of guaiazulene in Drosophila melanogaster (Oregon R). Uysal, Handan1*, Hatice Çelik1, Halit Kizilet2, Bilal Yilmaz3, Murat Özdal1, and Özlem Gülmez1. 1Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey; 2Department of Cardiology, Erzurum Training and Research Hospital, 25100, Erzurum, Turkey; 3Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey; *Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Lactarius indigo is an edible fungus and contains various secondary metabolites. One of these metabolites, Guaiazulene (GUA), is a kind of terpene. In this study, it was observed that Drosophila melanogaster shortened the life span of both male and female populations based on Guaiazulene's dose-time interaction (25, 50, 100, 200 ppm GUA and chronic application every three days). The average life span in the control group was 48.83 ± 1.95 days in the ♀ population and 48.30 ± 2.22 days in the ♂ population. These values in the ♀♀ were found to be 44.91 ± 1.45 to 12.11 ± 0.26 in the lowest and highest Gua application groups (25-200 ppm); in ♂♂, it decreased from 44.70 ± 1.22 to 11.44 ± 0.21 (P < 0.05). In the second part of the study, water extracts of two edible fungi, Pleurotus sajor-caju (PSCwt) and Pleurotus osteratus (POwt), were used together with GUA (200 ppm GUA+PSCwt and GUA+POwt, 1:1 v/v ratio). Both extracts showed a healing effect and increased longevity compared to 200 ppm GUA application. Namely, in GUA+PSCwt application, the longevity was extended to 21.93 ± 0.62 days for females and 19.05 ± 0.46 days for males. These values were found as 21.83 ± 0.66 and 18.75 ± 0.39 days in GUA+POwt application, respectively (P < 0.05). In this study, both fungal extracts were also analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GS-MS). A total of 13 and 10 components were identified in POwt and PSCwt, respectively. In addition, total phenol and flavanoid contents of two extracts were determined. Key words: Drosophila melanogaster, Lactarius indigo, Pleurotus, longevity Introduction Every living thing has a certain life span. In this process, living things are born, grow, age, and die. In accordance with the programmed genetic information, these development parameters are completed in certain processes.
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  • Pharmacogene Regulatory Elements: from Discovery to Applications

    Pharmacogene Regulatory Elements: from Discovery to Applications

    Smith et al. Genome Medicine 2012, 4:45 http://genomemedicine.com/content/4/5/45 REVIEW Pharmacogene regulatory elements: from discovery to applications Robin P Smith1,2†, Ernest T Lam2,3†, Svetlana Markova1, Sook Wah Yee1* and Nadav Ahituv1,2* Pharmacogenomics and gene regulatory elements: Abstract an emerging picture Regulatory elements play an important role in the Most pharmacogenomics studies to date have focused on variability of individual responses to drug treatment. coding variants of pharmacologically important proteins. This has been established through studies on three However, well-supported examples of variants in regu la- classes of elements that regulate RNA and protein tory elements of genes involved in drug response, such as abundance: promoters, enhancers and microRNAs. drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters (see review Each of these elements, and genetic variants within by Georgitsi et al. [1]), show that variants in noncoding them, are being characterized at an exponential pace regulatory sequences are also likely to be important by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies. In (Table 1). Th ree classes of regulatory elements have been this review, we outline examples of how each class of studied in this context: promoters, enhancers and element aff ects drug response via regulation of drug microRNAs (miRNAs). Each of these has a direct impact targets, transporters and enzymes. We also discuss on the abundance of messenger RNA (mRNA) (in the case the impact of NGS technologies such as chromatin of promoters and enhancers) and protein (in the case of immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) and RNA miRNAs). Genetic variation within each of these elements sequencing (RNA-Seq), and the ramifi cations of new has been linked to human disease as well as interindividual techniques such as high-throughput chromosome diff erences in drug response.