I Second That Emotion - Smokey Robinson & the Miracles Human Emotion

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I Second that Emotion - Smokey Robinson & The Miracles Human Emotion

Psychology 3131 Professor June Gruber Human Emotion

What is an Emotion? William James

“To the psychologist alone can such questions occur as: Why do we smile, when pleased, and not scowl? Why are we unable to talk to a crowd as we talk to a single friend? Why does a particular maiden turn our wits upside-down?”

James, W. (1982). Psychology - Briefer course. New York: Henry Holt. New edition, New York: Harper & Row, 1961. William James

“The common man can only say: "Of course we smile, of course our heart palpitates at the sight of the crowd, of course we love the maiden. And so, probably, does each animal feel about the particular things it tends to do in the presence of certain objects...”

James, W. (1982). Psychology - Briefer course. New York: Henry Holt. New edition, New York: Harper & Row, 1961. Roadmap

CourseCourse logisticslogistics Theories of emotion Components Classification Expert Interview Textbook 3rd Ed. Website

! -Readings [PDF] -Slides -Announcements -Twitter Feed -Handouts http://www.gruberpeplab.com/teaching/psych3131_spring2015 RECRUITING RESEARCH ASSISTANTS! Course Credit Available ! www.gruberpeplab.com ! -Run experimental sessions -Code behavioral expressions -Physiology & neuroimaging data -Literature reviews and writing -Attend and discuss emotion in lab meetings ! Great experience for graduate school in psychology, neuroscience, or medical school. ! Email: [email protected] Current PEP Lab Projects 1. Happiness and social media

2. Desires - wanting or craving emotions in everday life 3. Brain activity, hormones, and emotional health in mood disorders (e.g., bipolar disorder, depression) 4. Emotional interventions (e.g., how can we change emotions using mindfulness-based therapies) 5. Visual attention and emotion (‘rose-colored glasses’?) Get Your Clicker!

GET CLICKER OUT!! BEGIN PRACTICING PRACTICE CLICKER QUESTIONS Clicker Practice 1 What year in college are you? a) Freshman ? b) Sophomore c) Junior d) Senior e) Super senior! Clicker Practice 2 How sleepy are you this morning? a) Not at all ? b) Somewhat c) Moderately d) Very much e) Extremely Clicker Practice 3 How many cups of coffee do you drink each day? a) 1 ? b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) Too many to count! Clicker Practice 4 What is your favorite emotion? a) Contentment ? b) Pride c) Surprise d) Happy e) Other QUESTIONS? Roadmap

Course logistics TheoriesTheories ofof emotionemotion Components Classification Expert Interview

Theories of Emotion Timeline

Lazarus Ancient Greek Enlightenment Darwin William James James-Lange Cannon-Bard Schachter-Singer Theories of Emotion Timeline

Hippocrates: 4 Humors

! Aristotle: Moderation principle

! Ancient Greek “Getting angry or sad is easy and anyone can do it; but doing it... in the right amount, at the right time, and in the right way is not easy, nor can everyone do it.”

- ARISTOTLE, Nicomachean Ethics, 11.9, 1109a27 Theories of Emotion Timeline

Descartes Spinoza Hume Enlightenment Theories of Emotion Timeline

Evolutionary Approach Expression of Emotions in Man & Animals

! Emotions evolutionarily evolved, serve survival purpose Darwin Immediately a bestseller of it’s time (over 5,000 copies)

! 1st Scientiﬁc Treatment of Emotion Includes survey data Observations of healthy and mentally ill individuals Personal anecdotes (e.g., grief expressions in Darwin’s own family after death) Darwin’s Three Principles Darwin’s Three Principles

I. Principle of Serviceable (“Useful”) Habit Darwin’s Three Principles

II. Principle of Antithesis Dacher Keltner- www.wonderfest.org Darwin’s Three Principles

III. Principle of Involuntariness (“Nervous discharge”) Theories of Emotion Timeline

Physiological Approach

! Emotions secondary to physiological phenomenon

FEAR William James Theories of Emotion Timeline

“The perception of bodily

states, as they occur, is the emotion.”

FEAR James-Lange Theories ofEmotion Timeline Cannon-Bard experience. alone cannotexplainemotion Physiological responses

FEAR Theories of Emotion Timeline

2-factor theory of emotion Appraisal of physiological experience deﬁnes and determines the emotion experience.

Stage 1 Stage 2

FEAR Schachter-Singer JAMES- CANNON- SCHACHTER- LANGE BARD SINGER

Stage 1

Stage 2

FEAR FEAR Theories ofEmotion Timeline Lazarus for emotionstooccur evaluations, thoughts) necessary Cognitions (judgments, Cognitive Theory

FEAR Roadmap

Course logistics Theories of emotion ComponentsComponents Classification Expert Interview Valence: Positive, Eliciting or Negative, intentional or Neutral object

Components of Emotion Enables Multi- pursuit of Component important Response goals Multi- Component Response

SUBJECTIVE BEHAVIORAL PHYSIOLOGICAL What is an Emotion: A Broader View

BEFORE EMOTION AFTER EMOTION EMOTION

Cognitive Action appraisal: ! tendencies: ! ! provides an a motivational evaluation of component for events and the preparation objects and direction of motor responses 6 features of an Emotion

1. Brief 2. Unbidden 3. Cross-Species 4. Coherent 5. Fast 6. Automatic appraisal/evaluation

Paul Ekman UCSF 6 features of an Emotion?

Is this a suﬃcient explanation? Brief Unbidden Cross-species Coherent Fast Automatic appraisal/evaluation How to Catch a Liar What an emotion is not

MOOD FEELING AFFECT What an emotion is not

PERSONALITY COGNITION TRAIT Roadmap

Course logistics Theories of emotion Components ClassificationClassification Expert Interview Basic / Discrete Dimensional

Emotions as discrete categories, biologically ﬁxed, Emotions are a combination of several psychological THEORY universal to all humans (and many animals). dimensions.

Basic Emotions: Anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise. EXAMPLE ! Complex Emotions: Arise from combination of basic emotions or are culturally inﬂuenced and constructed. !

THEORISTS Paul Ekman, Rene Descartes, Silvan Tomkins Wilhelm Wundt, James Russell, Lisa Feldman Barrett (example)

Roadmap

Course logistics Theories of emotion Components Classification ExpertExpert InterviewInterview Experts ? ! In Emotion

*EXTRA CREDIT OPPORTUNITY* http://www.gruberpeplab.com/teaching/psych3131_spring2015 Experts In Emotion Interview Dr. Lisa Feldman Barrett Distinguished Professor of Psychology Northeastern University

What is an emotion?

Have a Great Day!

Psychology 3131 Human Emotion Professor June Gruber