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(Adâncata Commune, Suceava County). Archaeological Researches and Habitat Conditions

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(Adâncata Commune, Suceava County). Archaeological Researches and Habitat Conditions Bogdan Petru niculică, Vasile Budui, Daniela Popescu, Liviu Popescu, ioan ignat The Komariv (Komarów) settlement of Adâncata-”Sub pădure” (Adâncata commune, Suceava county). Archaeological researches and habitat conditions Keywords: Middle Bronze Age, Komariv (Komarów) culture, GIS, prehistoric habitat. Cuvinte cheie: perioada de mijloc a epocii bronzului, cultura Komariv (Komarov), GIS, habitat preistoric. Ключевые слова: средний бронзовый век, комаривская (комаровская) культура, GIS, древнее поселение. B.P. Niculică, V. Budui, D. Popescu, L. Popescu, I. Ignat The Komariv (Komarów) settlement of Adâncata-”Sub pădure” (Adâncata commune, Suceava county). Archaeological researches and habitat conditions During the period 2000-2005, at Adâncata-”Imaş”, Suceava co., a barrow cemetery dated to the Middle Bronze Age, respectively the Komariv (Komarów) civilization, was investigated. To complete the whole image on the Bronze Age community, there were undertaken archaeological excavations also within the contemporary settlement, situated in the place called “Sub Pădure”. Excavations pointed out the presence of ceramicware similar in terms of preparation and ornamentation to the one discovered within the barrow cemetery, the common denominator being represented by the presence of certain special ingredients, macroscopically visible, in the composition: siliceous accidents (cherts) and quartzite. In the settlement there were identified the traces of three above-ground constructions (dwellings), made of light materials (probably huts), in each of them remains of hearths being signaled. Together with the archaeological investigations, a “landscape archaeology” study was carried out, with the purpose of identifying certain indicators characteristic for the favorability of the human inhabitance. The present study synthetizes the results of interdiscipli- nary researches, undertaken within the settlement, the understanding of the prehistoric habitat of Adâncata requiring a wider approach from the interdisciplinary perspective, also due to the fact that for the first time in Romania, it was possible to identify the relation between a settlement and a cemetery of the Komariv (Komarów) type. Bogdan Petru Niculică, Vasile Budui, Daniela Popescu, Liviu Popescu, Ioan Ignat Aşezarea culturii Komarov Adâncata-”Sub pădure” (com. Adâncata, jud. Suceava). investigaţiile arheolo- gice şi condiţiile de habitat În perioada anilor 2000-2005 la Adâncata-„Imaş” (jud. Suceava) a fost cercetată o necropolă tumulară, datată în perioada mijlocie a epocii bronzului şi atribuită culturii Komariv (Komarov). În scopul reconstituirii condiţii- lor de trai ale comunităţilor din epoca bronzului, s-au efectuat, de asemenea, investigaţii arheologice în aşezarea contemporană necropolei, situată în zona numită de localnici „Sub pădure”. A fost descoperită ceramică similară ca mod de executare şi ornament cu cea din necropola tumulară, ce conţine în structura pastei drept ingrediente particule de silex şi cuarţit. În perimetrul aşezării au fost semnalate urmele a trei amenajări de suprafaţă (locu- inţe), construite din materiale uşoare perisabile (probabil colibe), în care s-au descoperit vetre. Concomitent cu investigaţiile arheologice au fost efectuate şi cercetări specifice „arheologiei de landşaft”, în scopul identificării anumitor indicii specifice unui habitat uman favorabil. În lucrarea de faţă sunt sintetizate rezultatele investigaţiilor interdisciplinare efectuate în perimetrul aşezării. Pentru o înţelegere mai bună a condiţiilor de trai preistorice de la Adâncata este foarte importantă şi de perspectivă abordarea largă interdisciplinară. Se subliniază faptul că pentru prima dată în România a fost determinată legătura dintre o aşezare şi o necropolă de tip Komariv (Komarov). Б.П. Никуликэ, В. Будуй, Д. Попеску, Л. Попеску, И. Игнат Поселение комаровской культуры Адынката-«Суб пэдуре» (ком. Адынката, жудец Сучава). Археологические исследования и условия обитания В период с 2000 по 2005 год, в Адынката -«Имаш» (жудец Сучава) был исследован курганный могиль- ник, датируемый серединой бронзового века и, соответственно, относящийся к комаровской культуре. С целью воссоздания общей картины сообщества бронзового века, были также проведены археологические раскопки на территории современного могильнику поселения, расположенного в местности, называемой “Суб пэдуре”. Раскопки выявили присутствие керамики, схожей по типу изготовления и орнаменту с кера- микой, обнаруженной в курганном могильнике. Ее общей характеристикой является наличие специальных Revista Arheologică, serie nouă, vol. IX, nr. 1, 2013, p. 144-155 The Komariv (Komarów) settlement of Adâncata-”Sub pădure” 145 микроскопически видимых ингредиентов в тесте: кремня и кварцита. На поселении были выявлены следы трех наземных сооружений (жилищ), изготовленные из легких материалов (вероятно хижин), о каждом из которых сигнализировали обнаруженные очаги. Параллельно с археологическими изысканиями, было про- ведено исследование „палеоландшафта”, с целью выявления определенных показателей, характерных для благоприятности человеческого обитания. Предлагаемая работа синтезирует результаты междисципли- нарных исследований, проведённых на территории поселения. Для лучшего понимания доисторического обитания в Адынкате очень важен и перспективен более широкий междисциплинарный подход. Отмечается факт, что впервые в Румынии была определена связь между поселением и могильником комаровского типа. introduction that moment, in the context of the most correct During the period 2000–2005, in the barrow interpretation of the values of the social energy cemetery of Adâncata-”Imaş”, Suceava co., sys- of the prehistoric community of Adâncata is par- tematic archaeological excavations were carried ticularly important. The necessity of studying the out, being investigate 11 barrows out of a total anthropic impact on the natural prehistoric envi- number of 16. This is how there were identified ronment needs no further stressing in the present ceramic archaeological materials, which allowed, context, interdisciplinary investigations, whatever together with the peculiarities of the funeral rite their nature, being benefic and sustaining the his- and ritual, the cultural and chronological inclu- torical reconstruction. This attempt of “shaping sion of the cemetery within the monuments of the the habitat” dated to the Bronze Age of Adâncata Komariv (Komarów) civilization1 (Niculică et alii must be achieved, even in the conditions of lim- 2005: 69–86; Niculică 2006: 45–143), acknow- ited archaeological investigations, as it represents ledged in the northeast of Romania, the southeast the preamble of further more thorough researches. of Poland, the northwest of Ukraine and the north On the other hand, it was for the first time in Ro- of the Republic of Moldova (Swiesznikow 1967: mania, that the relation between a settlement and a 39–107; Sulimirski 1968: 97–98; Berezanskaja cemetery of the Komariv type could be identified, 1985: 428–437; Sava 1994: 143–144; Dumitroaia this representing a novelty and also a challenge 2000: 127–128; Munteanu 2010: 209–210; Ma- for the specialists in various fields. karowicz 2010; Dergaciov 2010: 301–302). With- out insisting on the archaeological data and on Objectives and results of the archaeological those provided by the interdisciplinary research, research we should specify that, throughout the years, the The archaeological site of Adâncata is located discoveries of Adâncata were published in a se- 12 km NE of the Suceava city, in the central part ries of magazines of Romania and from abroad. of Suceava Plateau, a subunit of Moldavian Pla- Studies were achieved regarding the funeral be- teau, in the interfluve between Suceava and Siret haviour, metallurgy, lithological materials, the rivers (Pl. 1). The site of Adâncata ”Sub Pădure” corresponding analyses of physical anthropol- is situated ca. 300 m NE of the barrow cemetery ogy were carried out, being further completed (Pl. 3: 1) and it was discovered by B. P. Niculică, by the geological, pedological, geomorphologi- during the archaeological surface researches of cal investigations, sustained by GIS applications 2001. In the neighboring area of the cemetery and (Niculică, Budui, Mareş 2004: 270–271; Niculică especially within the perimeter of the settlement, 2005: 61–68; Niculică, Budui 2005: 303–311; surface researches brought to light a ceramicware Niculică 2006: 80–107; Niculică, Cojocaru 2006: similar to the one of the cemetery on the ”Imaş”. 203–207; Ignat et alii 2007: 31–32; Simalcsik, All these data determined us to start in summer Niculică 2012: 119–133; Budui, Niculică 2012: 2006, a more thorough archaeological field evalu- 79–86). The quantification of geographic particu- ation, with the main purpose of precisely delim- larities, of the manner of constructing the barrows iting the settlement, establishing the stratigraphy and local and allogenic natural resources, used at and the consistency of the Komariv inhabitance. 1 During the first researches, the Komarów settlement was situated on the territory of Poland. After the World War II, it was included on the territory of Ukraine, being named Komariv. 146 Bogdan Petru Niculică, Vasile Budui, Daniela Popescu, Liviu Popescu, Ioan Ignat The stratigraphy of the settlement is relative- ly simple, at least to the extent it could be estab- lished in the investigated areas: - down to -0.10-0.15 m, a layer of grayish veg- etal soil; - between -0.10/0.15 m and -0.35/0.40 m, a layer of light grayish soil
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